EP1963063A1

EP1963063A1 - Device for producing moulded concrete bricks and moulding system for use in said type of device

Info

Publication number: EP1963063A1
Application number: EP06818655A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rudolf Braungardt; Holger Stichel
Original assignee: Kobra Formen GmbH
Current assignee: Kobra Formen GmbH
Priority date: 2005-12-07
Filing date: 2006-11-18
Publication date: 2008-09-03
Also published as: WO2007065556A1; DE102005058402A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing moulded concrete bodies (BS) comprising recesses, which are provided in the base thereof, in a moulding machine. According to the invention, a recess device which comprises displaceable recess bodies (A1, A2) and which is to be arranged on the lower side of mould cavities (FN) of a mould (FE), is arranged in removable manner on a vibrating table arrangement (RT) and drive devices (HK) for displacing the recess bodies are integrated into the vibrating table arrangement. The drive devices which are integrated into the vibrating table arrangement and first mechanical transmission means (HR), for transmitting the movement of the drive devices, can be used individually or together for various recess devices associated with moulds of the moulding system and are, as a result, provided only once in the vibrating table arrangement.

Description

DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING CONCRETE BLOCKS AND MOLDING SYSTEM FOR USE IN SUCH A DEVICE

The invention relates to a device for producing concrete blocks 5 and a mold system for use in such a device.

In a common method of manufacturing molded concrete blocks, a concrete batch is molded into a mold with one or more

Form nests filled and solidified under the action of a vibrator. 10 The mold nests of the mold are typically cylindrical and open at the top and bottom. The lower openings are closed by a pad for the filling process and the solidification process. The concrete blocks produced with such shapes are also essentially cylindrical.

15 To create recesses in the lower area of the shaped concrete blocks, it is known to use a box-shaped recess device as a base, which has a flat contact surface for contact with the underside of the mold. Openings are provided in the support surface, through which recess bodies protrude beyond the support surface into the mold cavities and

Make 20 recesses in the solidified concrete blocks. Such a device is known for example from EP 0 896 866 A2. A recess device is moved under a mold by means of a linear drive and a roller guide and lowered onto a stone board of a vibrating table arrangement and locked horizontally. After lowering the shape on the

25 recess device is raised by means of the linear drive and a link control in the recess device, a core carrier with a plurality of recess bodies relative to a base body of the recess devices. After the concrete mix has solidified, the recess bodies are rewound by means of the linear drive via the link control. which move downwards and the recess device is moved outwards under the mold, after which the mold is lowered onto the board and the concrete blocks can be removed from the mold nests in the usual way and removed from the molding machine with the board.

From DE 195 25 324 a method for the production of shaped stones and an associated device is known, a scraper plate and a core carrier plate forming a movable unit which can be placed on the vibrating table with the core carrier plate in a horizontal travel position between the mold and the vibrating table. The stripper plate can be displaced vertically relative to the core carrier plate by means of hydraulic cylinders. The shape can be placed on the scraper plate. For filling and shaking, the mold with scraper plate is lowered onto the core carrier plate and the mold cores carried by the core carrier plate protrude from below into the mold cavities. To remove the solidified stones, the stripper plate is moved vertically relative to the core carrier plate, whereby the cores are moved downwards out of the mold nests. The unit consisting of the scraper plate and core carrier plate is then moved horizontally outwards from the position below the mold and the stones can be removed from the mold on a form board placed on the vibrating table. In another version, the scraper plate is part of a box, on the underside of which there are unbalanced vibrators. The core carrier plate is horizontally displaceable relative to the stripper plate. The unit consisting of the scraper plate and box can be moved horizontally and vertically by a predetermined amount via a horizontally offset drive and a link guide in order to insert a tray on the top of the lowered box under the mold for the demolding of the cores.

From DE 296 13 248 a recess device to be arranged on the underside of mold nests of a mold is known, in which a lower plate carries several recess bodies which protrude through openings in an upper plate. The distance between the two plates can be changed via force-deflecting wedge arrangements or lever arrangements, which can be actuated via a pull rod projecting laterally outwards.

DE 33 01 562 C1 describes a device for the production of concrete blocks, in which holes are provided in the support surface for a mold. A vibratable plate arranged below the support carries several rods which, when the vibrating plate is lifted, project through the holes in the support surface into the mold cavities. The rods can be excited to vibrate via the vibrating plate during a compression process, in which stamp plates press into the upper openings of the mold cavities. The bars are slowly moved downwards, but not completely pulled out of the mold nests, so that recesses remain in the finished stones. The shape itself or the contact surface are not stimulated to vibrate in order to avoid noise and shorten cycle times. Vibrators act directly on the immersion rods via the vibrating plate, which introduce the vibrating energy into the surrounding concrete. The present invention is based on the object of further improving such a device for producing shaped concrete blocks with recesses on the bottom and of specifying an advantageous mold system for use in such a device. Solutions according to the invention are described in the independent claims. The dependent claims contain advantageous refinements and developments of the invention. In the device according to the invention, the drive devices for moving the recess bodies are integrated in the vibrating table arrangement. This results in surprisingly special advantages with regard to the freedom of design of the entire device. In particular, in an advantageous embodiment, it is possible to move the vibrating table arrangement vertically in the molding machine and to arrange the mold essentially at a constant height in the molding machine. The integration of the drive devices in the vibrating table arrangement also leads to an advantageously compact design. Due to the integration into the vibrating table arrangement, the drive devices are simply available for any number of different shapes, so that overall a low cost results for a shape system with a plurality of shapes. The uniform drive devices for different molds also advantageously enable particularly favorable integration of the control of the drive devices into a programmable control device available for the sequence control of the molding machine. In particular, when the drive devices are combined with distance measuring devices for the travel path of the drive devices or the mechanical transmission devices, different travel paths can be programmed in a simple manner.

The drive devices advantageously contain at least one actuator with linear movement, in particular a hydraulic cylinder. In a preferred embodiment, the drive devices contain a plurality of hydraulic cylinders with vertical movement devices as actuators, which likewise provide vertically displaced first transmission means, which preferably form an upper horizontal support plane, on the side of the vibrating table arrangement. have a pushing effect. Second transmission means on the part of the recess device and recess bodies connected to it are also advantageously guided vertically displaceably. The second transmission means can advantageously rest on the first transmission center in the support plane.

In an advantageous embodiment, position or displacement measuring devices can be assigned to the drive devices or the first transmission means, in particular also integrated into them, so that not only two different extreme positions, but largely any intermediate positions of the drive devices can be specified by means of the programmable control device mentioned.

The first transmission means can advantageously be formed by a rigid subframe which is vertically displaceable relative to a base frame of the base body. In a preferred embodiment, the second transmission means can contain a rigid support, for example in the form of a plate or a lattice frame, which carries the recess bodies, which can be displaced together vertically.

In another advantageous embodiment, the type of movement and the movement device of the drive devices on the one hand and the recess body on the other hand can also be different. The first and second transmission means of the transmission devices can implement almost any movement pattern, for which. B. levers, joints, shafts, toothed gears, link guides, etc. can be used as known mechanical means. For example, a preferred linear movement of an actuator in the drive devices can be implemented in linear movements of the same or different direction or in rotating movements of Recess bodies around any, in particular horizontal

Swivel axes. The movement can advantageously be implemented by designing the second transmission means appropriately on the part of the respective recess device, without changes in the drive devices or first transmission means being necessary. A mechanical coupling between the first and second transmission means, which can preferably be released without tools, can take place via coupling elements known per se. The drive devices and transmission devices can have several actuators with different movement patterns, e.g. B. linearly opposed or not parallel, linear and rotating, rotating around differently oriented axes or in different directions of rotation, etc. and / or first transmission means, which generate different movement patterns on different coupling elements.

On the part of the recess devices, recess bodies with different movement patterns can be combined, the different movement patterns of which are assigned to different movement patterns of several coupling elements between the first and second transmission means or are generated in the second transmission means.

A mold system with several different molds for producing different concrete blocks with recesses can advantageously contain recess devices which are assigned to individual molds, the different second transmission means of which, if appropriate, can be coupled to the first transmission means provided for all recess devices. The different forms are advantageously in the form of Insert inserts detachable and replaceable in a mold frame remaining in the molding machine.

In an advantageous further development, it can be provided that the bearing surface of the recess device can be displaced horizontally by at least a small amount when it bears against the underside of the mold after the vibrating process, in order to break up any adhesion of the solidified concrete mixture to the bearing surface that may have occurred due to the vibrating. The invention is illustrated in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. It shows:

1 is a molding machine,

2 shows a vibrating table arrangement,

3 shows the vibrating table arrangement according to FIG. 2 with raised recess bodies,

4 shows the vibrating table arrangement according to FIG. 2 with a horizontally displaced support bar,

Fig. 5 shows the vibrating table arrangement according to Fig. 2 with attached

Recess device,

Fig. 6 shows the vibrating table arrangement with the support and

Recess bodies, 7 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 5 with an associated mold insert,

8 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 5 with raised recess bodies,

9 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 8 in the molding machine,

10 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 8 with an associated mold insert, FIG. 11 shows a horizontal displacement of the recess device,

12 shows a section through FIG. 10,

Fig. 13 shows the view of FIG. 12 after lowering the recess body.

Fig. 1 shows an oblique view schematically a part of a molding machine for the production of concrete blocks by solidifying an earth-moist concrete mixture. In a machine frame MR, which is supported on a foundation, a mold frame FR is held at an essentially constant height, in which a mold insert FE with a plurality of mold nests is inserted. A replaceable load device on a load carrier AT is assigned to the mold insert. The loading device has a group of pressure plates DP corresponding to the mold nests of the mold insert on punch tubes SR. The load device can be lowered vertically with respect to the sketched position with the load carrier AT, which is advantageously guided in vertical guides VF of the machine frame, the stamping plates dipping into the upper openings of the mold cavities and pressing on the damp concrete quantity. For the sake of clarity, the devices for vertical movement of the load device are not shown. A vibrating table arrangement is drawn in a lowered position. A stone board or, as will be explained in more detail below using an example, a recess device can be placed on the vibrating table arrangement and the vibrating table arrangement can be moved upwards, the lower openings of the mold cavities being closed and earth-moist concrete quantities being poured into the mold cavities from above .

After filling the mold cavities and lowering the pressure plates, the vibrating table arrangement is excited to vertical vibrating movements, which are transferred into the concrete batch and solidify it to form concrete blocks. After the shaking process has been completed, the recess device is detached from the underside of the mold and the shaped concrete blocks are removed, preferably onto an inserted board, through the lower openings in the mold cavities and removed from the molding machine with the board.

During the vibrating process, the vibrating table arrangement is braced against the underside of the mold with the recess device interposed. This advantageously takes place in that the vibrating table arrangement RT is braced vertically against the mold frame FR and the mold insert FE in the mold frame is supported vertically against the bracing. The mold frame, mold insert, recess device and vibrating table arrangement then carry out the vibrating movements together. To excite vibrating movements, several vibrating actuators RA are provided on the molding frame as a vibrating device in the sketched example, which are preferably supported against the foundation via supporting columns of the machine frame. Other designs of vibrating devices and other variants of bracing a vibrating table arrangement with a recess Rungseinrichtung or a stone board against the bottom of the mold cavities are known per se.

The devices for bracing and vertical movement of the vibrating table arrangement are not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of clarity, but are known per se in various versions as such.

Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a vibrating table arrangement in an enlarged view. As an essential basic element, the vibrating table arrangement contains a base frame GR, which can be constructed three-dimensionally in the manner of a truss and in such a structure combines low weight with high stability and in particular high rigidity. In the edge region of the base frame, clamping elements SE are provided, via which the base frame can be braced vertically against the underside of a mold insert. The tensioning elements can be provided, for example, by connecting elements to hydraulic lifting cylinders serving as tensioning means or, in another embodiment, tensioning cylinders enclosing tensioning bolts. Guide elements TF are provided on the base frame for horizontal centering of the vibrating table arrangement over at least part of the vertical travel path. B. can interact with the vertical guides of the machine frame.

The vibrating table arrangement contains a subframe HR which can be displaced vertically relative to the base frame and which can rest on the base frame in the lowered position outlined. The subframe HR forms an upper support level. The subframe is advantageously rigid in itself and also constructed in a lightweight construction from connected rods or the like. The subframe HR can be raised from the lowered position outlined above by means of hydraulically actuated cylinders HZ as drive devices in relation to the base frame GR. Raising the subframe as the first means of transmission means raising the upper support level. Fig. 3 shows the vibrating table arrangement with the subframe in a raised position.

Connected to the base frame GR of the vibrating table arrangement is a support strip arrangement with a fixed first strip LF and a second strip LV which can be displaced horizontally in the strip direction (arrows) relative to this. Such a strip arrangement is present on opposite sides of the base frame. The two strip arrangements serve to support a base body of a recess device as described in detail below. FIG. 4 shows the displaceable rail LV in a position displaced horizontally compared to FIG. 2.

In FIG. 5, a recess device is placed on the vibrating table arrangement in its position according to FIG. 2, which contains a box-shaped base body GK with an upper contact surface AF and side walls SWX and SWY. The basic body is, in the sketched version z. B. with the side walls SWX, supported on the slidable strips LV of the strip arrangements. There are several openings AO1, AO2 in the support surface AF, in which recess bodies A1, A2 lie essentially flush with the support surface. The subframe HR protrudes laterally through recesses SA in the side walls SWY of the base body.

The recess bodies A1, A2 are clearly recognizable in FIG. 6, which shows the arrangement according to FIG. 5 with the basic body omitted, as vertically Lindrische body with the shape of the recesses AO1, AO2 corresponding cross sections. The recess bodies are arranged on a common carrier plate TP, which can rest on the auxiliary frame HR in the upper support plane.

FIG. 7 shows an arrangement according to FIG. 5 with a mold insert FE additionally resting on the contact surface AF. The view of the empty mold cavities FN from above shows the position of the individual recess bodies relative to the mold cavity structure. The narrower recess bodies A1 lie along the outer walls of the marginal mold nests. Wall openings WA which are open at the bottom are introduced in intermediate walls between adjacent mold nests and the wider cutout bodies A2 extend over the wall openings into two adjacent mold nests. By lifting the subframe HR by means of the hydraulic cylinders HZ, the support plate TP resting on the subframe, which at the same time forms the second transmission means of the transmission device in the area, is displaced upwards and the recess bodies are raised beyond the bearing surface, which is shown in FIG. 8 in FIG. 5 corresponding view illustrated.

When the support plate with the recess bodies A1, A2 is raised, the recess bodies are guided with little play in the openings AO1, AO2 of the support surface. Additional guidance and / or limitation of the vertical displacement can take place via additional guide elements between the carrier plate and the base body, in the example outlined a projection PS on the carrier plate and a recess GS in the side wall SWX of the base body. The height limitation can also act downwards, so that, unlike what is shown in FIG. 6, the support plate is in the lowered position. did not rest on the upper level of the subframe, but is held spaced from it in the base body.

FIG. 9 shows the vibrating table arrangement and the recess device with raised recess bodies in a molding machine in a perspective corresponding to FIG. 1. The recessed bodies can be lifted upwards when the vibrating table arrangement is lowered or only raised when the vibrating table arrangement is moved vertically and the support surface of the recessing device lying against the underside of the mold.

10 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 7 with recess bodies now raised, the narrower recess bodies A1 abutting the wall surfaces of the outer walls of the marginal mold cavities and the recess bodies A2 filling the wall openings AW in the intermediate walls between adjacent mold walls and with one part each protrude into two adjacent mold cavities. The effective volume of the mold cavities is thus reduced compared to the cylindrical shape by the volumes or partial volumes of the recess bodies A1 or A2. In this position of the vibrating table arrangement, recess device with raised molded bodies and mold nests of the mold insert which are closed by the recess device at the bottom, in which the vibrating table arrangement is raised and clamped against the underside of the mold insert by means of clamping means, earth-moist concrete quantity is poured into the mold cavities. The pressure plates of the loading device are sunk into the upper openings of the filled mold cavities and by energizing the vibrating table arrangement to essentially vertical vibrating movements, the amount of concrete in the mold nests is solidified to form dimensionally stable concrete mold stones. After completion of the shaking process, the recess bodies are advantageously lowered again into the position shown in FIG. 5, in which the upper surfaces of the recess bodies advantageously run essentially flush with the contact surface AF with the support surface of the recess device still resting on the underside of the mold insert. When the recess bodies are lowered, the tight play of the recess bodies in the openings of the support surface advantageously ensures that the concrete is wiped cleanly along the side surfaces of the recess bodies and that concrete residues remain at angular areas between the support surface and recess bodies and a build-up of concrete residues at these locations reliably avoided. In an advantageous further development, additional measures can be taken to nevertheless reliably allow contaminants reaching the bottom between recess bodies and openings to fall down and in particular to prevent such contaminants from building up over several working cycles. In an advantageous embodiment, the angular areas can be chamfered at the foot of the recess body and / or recesses, possibly with beveled edges, can be provided around the recess body in the carrier plate. Since during the shaking process u. U. an increased adhesion of concrete material on the bearing surface AF can form, which could lead to breakouts of concrete material from the lower surface of the concrete blocks when the recess device is moved downward from the bottom surface of the concrete blocks, the recess device will advantageously with lowered recess bodies horizontally displaced relative to the underside of the mold insert, whereby such a possibly developed increased adhesion is released. The horizontal displacement of the recess device can advantageously be brought about by the fact that the displaceable bar LV is fixed relative to that on the base frame GR of the vibrating arrangement Bar LF is moved. A displacement force can act both on the recess device and on the displaceable bar LV. The recess device can then be moved downwards without the risk of concrete parts breaking out from the undersides of the shaped concrete bodies. A support board is placed on the vibrating table arrangement, preferably instead of the recess device, and the concrete blocks are removed from such a board and removed therefrom from the molding machine. The base body is advantageously fixed in a defined horizontal position on the sliding bar.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show sectional views through an arrangement of the vibrating table arrangement with a recess device and a mold insert. 12, the recess bodies A1, A2 with the carrier plate TP are raised vertically by means of the hydraulic cylinders HZ and the subframe HR and protrude into the mold cavities of the mold insert. The mold nests of the mold insert are filled with concrete batch BG and closed on the top by pressure plates DP of the loading device. The vibrating process can be started in this position. In contrast, FIG. 13 shows the arrangement of FIG. 12 after completion of the vibrating process and solidification of the concrete mixture to form dimensionally stable concrete blocks BS, after the recess bodies A1, A2 have been lowered. In the concrete blocks BS, recesses BA which are open at the bottom are produced by the recess bodies. After lowering the vibrating arrangement and inserting a stone board between the vibrating arrangement and the mold insert, the concrete shaped blocks BS can be pressed down onto the stone board in the usual way by means of the pressure plates DP through the lower openings of the mold cavities. In the example sketched in detail in the previous figures, a simple embodiment was deliberately chosen for better illustration. The recess bodies can have other shapes than the rectangular cylindrical shape. Examples of this are known per se from the prior art. It is advantageous in each case if the recess bodies slide along a stripping edge of the support surface during the shift between a raised and a lowered position. In the example shown, the recess bodies are completely lowered in the lowered position up to the contact surface of the base body. In particular in the case of differently shaped recess bodies, it is also possible for the recess bodies to be partially lowered, which in the lowered position then still protrude beyond the contact surface. In an advantageous embodiment, position or displacement measuring devices can be connected to the drive devices or integrated into them. In connection with a programmable control device, this enables the predefinition of largely any travel paths up to a maximum travel path in a particularly advantageous manner. Furthermore, a uniform or specifically different actuation of all drive devices can be achieved. In the case of hydraulic actuators in the drive devices, a servo valve for the individual position input is advantageously individually assigned to each of them.

Instead of a vertical displacement, the recess bodies can also show other movement patterns, for example pivoted about horizontal axes. The carrier for the recess body, which in the sketched example is designed as a flat plate and forms the second mechanical transmission means of the transmission devices, can also be of a different construction, in particular also of a lattice construction. Further modifications of the arrangement to different requirements in detail, in particular depending on the type of recesses and the shape inserts, the skilled person is possible on the basis of the teaching given.

The features specified above and in the claims, as well as the features that can be gathered from the illustrations, can be advantageously implemented both individually and in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but rather can be modified in many ways within the scope of expert knowledge.

Claims

Expectations:

1. Device for producing molded concrete bodies with recesses in a molding machine

- with a mold with at least one mold cavity open at the bottom,

with a vibrating arrangement which can be moved vertically relative to the shape,

with a recess device which can be inserted between the underside of the mold and the vibrating table arrangement,

- The recess device contains a base body with a support plane and at least one recess body movable relative to this,

a drive device for moving the recess body is provided,

the drive device is integrated in the vibrating table arrangement,

- Mechanical transmission devices convert movement of the drive device into movement of the recess body.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission devices comprise first transmission means on the side of the vibrating table arrangement and detachably coupled to them second transmission means on the side of the recess device.

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the vibrating table arrangement contains a base frame, relative to which the first transmission means can be moved by means of the drive devices.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the base body of the recess device is supported on the base frame.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first transmission means form a height-adjustable support plane and the second transmission means lie in this plane on the first transmission means.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of recess bodies are arranged on a common carrier and moved together.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mold is arranged at a constant height within the molding machine and the vibrating table arrangement can be moved vertically with the recess device.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the drive devices contain at least one hydraulic cylinder as an actuator.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a control device of the molding machine is also used to control the drive devices.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that position or displacement measuring devices are connected to the drive devices or the transmission devices or are integrated therein.

11. Mold system for the production of concrete blocks with recesses in a molding machine with a vibrating table arrangement, the mold system comprising a plurality of molds which can be used interchangeably in a molding machine, different molds being assigned different recess devices which can be arranged on the undersides of the molds and which have a base body and under the action of a Drive device via mechanical transmission devices containing recess bodies movable relative to the base body, the drive devices and first transmission means of the transmission devices on the part of the

Are arranged vibrating table arrangement of the molding machine and second transmission means of the transmission devices are contained in the recess devices and the second transmission means of the different recess devices can be coupled to the common first transmission means.