EP0706864B1 - Process for making hollow building blocks - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing of hollow blocks, according to the filling compound in a mold protruding core mandrels introduced by means of a core mandrel direction acting press die compacted and then the molding by pulling out the core mandrels and pulling them off the mold is removed.

In the known manufacturing process, filling compound is converted into a box-shaped mold filled, which for uniformity the filling is subjected to a shaking motion and for molding of air slits and hollow chambers in the stones receives. These core mandrels can be fixed be so that the filling compound in the already with the core thorns populated mold is filled, or they can after Filling a thornless die from above or below into the already filled mold are pressed in, after which the filling compound by means of a press ram for shaping and compression is pressed. Because when pressing the filling compound in the mold considerable pressures occur, there are high horizontal forces acting on the core mandrels for strength reasons require a minimum thickness of these core mandrels. So far, core mandrels with a minimum thickness of approx. 1.5 cm can be used to prevent deformation and damage to avoid and these core mandrel dimensions also a corresponding limitation of the cavity cross sections that can be produced and bridge thicknesses and thus an undesirable Impairment of the achievable insulation properties. Furthermore, there is a risk with molds with fixed core mandrels an uneven filling of the remaining gaps between the thorns and in the case of core thorns to be pressed in later additional loads result from the press-in resistance for these core mandrels. The core mandrels also allow only the formation of blind holes and none can Hollow blocks with continuous cavities are produced, whereby high weights or stone densities and lower Thermal insulation capabilities are accepted.

The invention is therefore based on the object, these deficiencies to eliminate and a process of the above Specify the way that the production of Hollow building blocks with comparatively small cross-section and cavity cross-sections allowed and the training continuous Air chambers allows, what even a uniform Compaction of the filling compound at different degrees of compaction and therefore selectable insulation properties come.

The invention solves this problem in that the core mandrels before the start of compaction over the filling level of the filling compound ramped up in the mold and then during compaction be withdrawn again. Because of the over the filling mass Core mandrels protruding in the mold result from the molding forcibly continuous air chambers and Cavities and especially the core mandrels can be removed without the molding process at risk while compacting to the extent this protrusion in the direction of the ram movement withdrawn so that those occurring during compaction Horizontal forces are reduced due to friction and themselves essentially vertical as regards core mandrel loading Impact tensile forces. There will be more favorable load conditions achieved the lower strength properties the core thorns demand. This makes it possible to get weaker use properly dimensioned core mandrels, as it is small mandrel thicknesses withstand the tensile forces to be absorbed. This means that core mandrels can also be used with a thickness of 1 cm and hollow bricks with webs can be built without difficulty Air chamber thicknesses of 0.5 to 1 cm can be produced. To comes that by the pulling movement of the core mandrels at Compact between the filling compound and the core mandrel surface A sliding contact is created that covers the surface of the hollow chambers forms exactly, and by the additional occurring in the press sense Movement tendency from the core spines to the filling compound is transferred, there is an improvement in the mass compression and an equalization of the degree of compaction. It can be hollow blocks with extreme slenderness Create bridges and narrow gap widths of the cavities while doing so through an appropriate dosage of the pressing pressure in connection with the core mandrel pull movement also the degree of compaction the filling compound and thus the achievable insulation properties influence. Last but not least, due to the small bridge thickness and the through cavities accelerate the curing process and so reduces the effort of warehousing and ensures a material-saving manufacturing process. On The most diverse filling materials are energy-saving, which harden hydraulically, can be used for such Filling materials, for example, aggregates such as natural pumice, slag, Leca, tufa, brick chippings, grit, sands, in particular Quartz sands and mixtures thereof u. Like. And binders, such as Cement, limes, fly ash and mixtures thereof or other hydraulic binders can be used.

Of course, organic or chemical ones can also be used Add additives and the aggregates and binders mix with water in any suitable ratio, being as Aggregates also include special waste materials, such as polystyrene u. Like., are admixable.

Are the core mandrels up to before filling the mold Filling height of the filling compound retracted and then only after Filling the mold up to the fill level, leaves the shape in the usual way with filling car or the like. bis Fill to the top edge without this filling process towering core mandrels is impaired. After filling the core mandrels are cut to the required excess the mold or the filling compound moved out so that when then compressing the mandrels without losing their core function can be loaded and withdrawn.

It is advantageous if the core mandrels when filling the Filling compound into the mold and / or while pulling back the compaction of the filling compound is set in vibration, whereby when filling through the inner swinging motion even filling is possible and then during compaction the degree of compaction is evened out and also the friction conditions be favored. So despite the Slenderness of the core mandrels practically any hollow building blocks Height and also the compaction of the Filling mass depending on the pressure can be widely Limits vary. By an appropriate choice of the pressing force the hollow block produced can then be compressed a higher or lower compressive strength when cured have so that even stones with less thermal insulation, but high compressive strength can be generated. at sufficient compression can also be such a compression achieve that the molding after demoulding is dimensionally stable and processed almost immediately can be.

Usual devices for the production of hollow blocks exist from a press that has a press table for a press mold, a lower jack with a carrier plate towering core mandrels that can be inserted upwards into the mold, an upper ram with a downward in the mold pressable press plate and a filling device for Filling the mold with filling compound. To on a such press carry out the method according to the invention To be able to, the press table includes a table top to put on the mold and form the table top and the press plate Through openings for the passage or insertion of Core mandrels, the jack being used during a pressurization the ram can be lowered. By starting up the The core mandrels can be lifted through the openings the table top from the bottom to the top and bottom Retract the mold, the core mandrels depending on the lifting height protrude more or less high in the mold, which is a proper Fill with press mandrels at filling level and then raising the core mandrels to above Level allowed. Then after placing the ram, whereby the core mandrels into the corresponding openings of the Press plate penetrate, is simultaneously with the pressing process the retraction movement of the core mandrels is effected via the lifting ram. Since the passage openings of the press plate is an upper one Bringing guidance for the core mandrels is an additional one Support of the core mandrels guaranteed and also at maximum pressures do not cause any deformation of the core mandrels fear.

If a vibrator is provided for the core mandrel carrier plate, the core mandrels can be easily removed via the carrier plate vibrate what along with the usual the vibrators provided for the mold Vibration movements of the mold on the one hand and the core mandrels otherwise guaranteed.

Fig. 1

eine Vorrichtung zum erfindungsgemäßen Herstellen von Hohlbausteinen in teilgeschnittener Vordersicht und die

Fig. 2, 3 und 4

verschiedene Arbeitspositionen dieser Vorrichtung in ähnlicher Darstellung.

In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is illustrated purely schematically, namely show

Fig. 1

a device for the production of hollow blocks according to the invention in a partially cut front view and

2, 3 and 4

different working positions of this device in a similar representation.

A device for the rational production of hollow blocks consists essentially of a press 1 with a press frame 2 for supporting a press table 3, a lower one Lifting die 4 and an upper press die 5. The press table 3 has a table top 6 for placing a box-shaped Press mold 7, above which a filling device 8 is provided for filling the mold 7 with filling compound. The Lifting punch 4 has one vertically along guide columns 9 guided carrier plate 10 with towering core mandrels 11, which through openings 12 in the table top 6 of are retractable into the mold 7 below. The press die 5 is vertical with a also along the guide columns 5 guided tool holder 13, on which a press plate 14 sits. By pressing the ram 5, the Press plate 14 can be inserted into the mold 7 from above, the press plate 14 through openings 15 for insertion the core mandrels 11 forms. The filling and pressing process To improve, the mold is only an indicated vibrator 16 and the carrier plate 10 a vibrator 17 and assigned Handling the press mold 7, there is a control cylinder 18 movable manipulator 19.

To produce a hollow block, a mold 7 is opened the table top 6 of the press table 3 placed, both the lifting die 4 and the press die 5 in their retracted Starting position are (Fig. 1). Well now in a first step the lifting ram 4 is brought into the filling position, in which the core mandrels 11 up to fill level H in the form 7 protrude what in the illustrated embodiment with the The upper edge of this mold corresponds. In the next step is over the filling device 8, for example a filling car, Filling compound M filled into the mold 7, for which the filling car moves along corresponding rails 20 over the die 7 and filled them. The vibrators are during the filling process 16, 17 turned on, so that the filling compound quickly and evenly distributed in the mold and between the core mandrels becomes. If the mold 7 is filled, the filling truck moves back and the core mandrels 11 are in the starting position via the jack 4 for compacting about 2 to 3 cm above the fill level H started up (Fig. 2).

Now, when the vibrators 16, 17 are switched off, the press ram 5 pressurized and the pressure plate 14 up to level H lowered, the core mandrels 11 with their upper ends in thread the openings 15 and an upper guide to get. In the following compression step the vibrators 16, 17 switched on again and the ram 5 pressed down into the die 7 while at the same time the core mandrels 11 are withdrawn again so that result in favorable compression and load conditions (Fig. 3).

After compacting, it also has a shape brings with it, the core mandrels 11 over the lifting ram 4 through the passage openings 12 of the table top 6 withdrawn from the molding F, a slightly conical Shape of the core mandrels facilitates the extraction process. After this Pulling out the core mandrels 11 the finished molding F is still seated in the mold 7 and can be due to the existing Wall friction forces via the manipulator 19 with the press mold 7 lift, this lifting from the press ram 5 is, so that space for inserting a bearing board 21st arises (Fig. 4). Then the mold 7 with the molding F placed on the bearing board 21 and then over the manipulator 19 with the help of the ram 5 as a counter subtracted from the blank F, which after the final lifting of the ram 5 is released for acceptance. The molding is with the bearing board 21 via a not shown Conveyor for curing or the like.

After removal of the molding F, the mold 7 is again placed on the table top 6 and a new hollow block can be made.

By pressing the moldings with a simultaneous withdrawal movement the core mandrels result in very favorable load conditions for the mandrels on the one hand and best compression ratios for the filling compound, on the other hand, so that there are core mandrels use great slenderness in the production of hollow blocks and also very different pressures let apply. Hollow building blocks with proportionate narrow bridge thicknesses and narrow air chambers and targeted Influenced mass tightness, which is the production of hollow blocks with high thermal insulation and different strength properties allowed.

Claims (3)

1. A method of producing hollow building blocks wherein material is placed in a compression mould comprising upwardly projecting core mandrels, the material is compacted and shaped by a press punch acting in the direction of the mandrels, and the moulding is released from the mould by pulling out the mandrels and pulling off the compression mould, characterised in that before the compaction process begins, the core mandrels are moved up beyond the level of material in the mould and then retracted during the compaction process.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that before the mould is filled, the mandrels are retracted down to the level of the poured material and moved up beyond the said level only after the mould has been filled.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the mandrels are vibrated when material is being poured into the mould and/or when the mandrels are withdrawn during compaction of the material.

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