EP0706864A2 - Process and apparatus for making hollow building blocks - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for making hollow building blocks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0706864A2 EP0706864A2 EP95890152A EP95890152A EP0706864A2 EP 0706864 A2 EP0706864 A2 EP 0706864A2 EP 95890152 A EP95890152 A EP 95890152A EP 95890152 A EP95890152 A EP 95890152A EP 0706864 A2 EP0706864 A2 EP 0706864A2
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- Prior art keywords
- press
- mold
- filling
- core
- core mandrels
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/04—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
- B28B7/18—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article
- B28B7/183—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article for building blocks or similar block-shaped objects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing hollow building blocks, according to which filling material is introduced into a press mold with protruding core mandrels, compacted by means of a press punch acting in the direction of the core mandrel and then the molded article is removed from the mold by pulling out the core mandrels and pulling off the press mold, and to a device to perform this procedure.
- filling compound is poured into a box-shaped press mold, which is subjected to a shaking movement to make the filling more uniform and which absorbs core mandrels in the stones to form air slots and hollow chambers.
- These core mandrels can be arranged in a fixed manner so that the filling compound is filled into the press mold which has already been equipped with the core mandrels, or they can be pressed into the already filled press mold from above or below after filling a mandrelless press mold, whereupon the filling compound is pressed by means of a press ram Forming and compression is pressed.
- core mandrels Since considerable pressing pressures occur when the filling compound is pressed in the mold, there are high horizontal forces acting on the core mandrels, which require a minimum strength of these core mandrels for reasons of strength. So far, core mandrels with a minimum thickness of approx. 1.5 cm have to be used to prevent deformation and damage to avoid, and these core mandrel dimensions also require a corresponding limitation of the cavity cross-sections and web thicknesses that can be produced and thus an undesirable impairment of the achievable insulation properties.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and of specifying a method of the type described at the outset which, in a rational manner, permits the production of hollow building blocks with comparatively small cross-sectional areas of the web and hollow space and thereby enables the formation of continuous air chambers, which also includes uniform compression of the filling compound with different degrees of compaction and thus selectable insulation properties.
- a device for the expedient implementation of this method is to be created.
- the invention solves this problem in that the core mandrels are raised above the fill level of the filling compound in the press mold before the start of the compression and are then withdrawn again during the compression. Due to the core mandrels protruding above the filling compound in the press mold, air chambers and cavities inevitably result through the height and, above all, the core mandrels can, without endangering the shaping process, during the compression to the extent of this protrusion in the direction of the press punch movement withdrawn, so that the horizontal forces occurring during compaction are reduced due to friction and have an effect essentially as vertical tensile forces with regard to the core mandrel load. Favorable load conditions are achieved which require lower strength properties of the core mandrels.
- core mandrels can also be used with a thickness of 1 cm and hollow bricks with web and air chamber thicknesses of 0.5 to 1 cm can be produced without difficulty.
- the tensile movement of the core mandrels creates a sliding contact between the filling compound and the core mandrel surface, which precisely forms the surface of the hollow chambers, and the additional movement tendency that occurs in the pressing sense and is transmitted from the core mandrels to the filling compound there is an improvement in mass compaction and an equalization of the degree of compaction.
- Hollow building blocks with extremely slender webs and narrow gap widths of the cavities can be produced and, by appropriate dosing of the pressing pressure in connection with the core mandrel pulling movement, also influence the degree of compaction of the filling compound and thus the achievable insulation properties.
- the hardening process is accelerated by the small web thicknesses and the continuous cavities, thus reducing the effort of storage and ensuring a material-saving manufacturing process.
- a wide variety of fillers that cure hydraulically can be used, with additives such as natural pumice, metallurgical slag, leca, tufts, brick chippings, grit, sands, in particular quartz sands and mixtures thereof, and the like, for such fillers.
- binders such as cement, limes, fly ash and mixtures thereof or other hydraulic binders can be used.
- organic or chemical additives can also be added and the additives and binders mixed with water in any suitable ratio.
- Special additives such as polystyrene and the like can also be used as additives. Like., are admixable.
- the mold can be filled in the usual way with filling carts or the like to the top edge without this filling process being carried out towering core mandrels is impaired.
- the core mandrels are moved out of the mold or the filling compound to the required excess, so that during the subsequent compression the mandrels can be subjected to tensile stress and withdrawn without losing their core function.
- the core mandrels are set in vibration when filling the filling compound into the mold and / or when pulling back during the compression of the filling compound, so that even filling is possible when filling due to the internal oscillating movement and then the compression level is evened out during compression and also the friction conditions are favored.
- the core mandrels are set in vibration when filling the filling compound into the mold and / or when pulling back during the compression of the filling compound, so that even filling is possible when filling due to the internal oscillating movement and then the compression level is evened out during compression and also the friction conditions are favored.
- the core mandrels are set in vibration when filling the filling compound into the mold and / or when pulling back during the compression of the filling compound, so that even filling is possible when filling due to the internal oscillating movement and then the compression level is evened out during compression and also the friction conditions are favored.
- Conventional devices for the production of hollow building blocks consist of a press which has a press table for a press mold, a lower lifting ram with core mandrels protruding from a support plate and retractable into the press mold, an upper press ram with a press plate which can be pressed downwards into the mold and a filling device for filling the mold with filling compound.
- the press table comprises a table plate for placing the press mold and form the table plate and the press plate through openings for the introduction or insertion of the core mandrels, the lifting ram being able to be lowered while the press ram is pressurized.
- the core mandrels By raising the lifting plunger, the core mandrels can be inserted through the openings in the table top from below into the mold open at the top and bottom, depending on the lifting height, the core mandrels protrude more or less high in the mold, which ensures proper filling with press mandrels at filling level and a subsequent raising of the core mandrels up to the fill level allowed. Then after placing the press ram, the core mandrels penetrating into the corresponding passage openings of the press plate, the retraction movement of the core mandrels is effected simultaneously with the pressing process via the lifting ram. Since the passage openings of the press plate provide an upper guide for the core mandrels, additional support of the core mandrels is ensured and no deformation of the core mandrels is to be feared even at the highest press pressures.
- the core mandrels can be easily removed via the carrier plate set in vibration, which, together with the vibrator usually provided for the mold, ensures the desired oscillatory movements of the mold on the one hand and the core mandrels on the other.
- a device for the rational manufacture of hollow building blocks consists essentially of a press 1 with a press frame 2 for supporting a press table 3, a lower lifting die 4 and an upper press die 5.
- the press table 3 has a table top 6 for placing a box-shaped die 7 above a filling device 8 is provided for filling the mold 7 with filling compound.
- the lifting ram 4 has a support plate 10, which is guided vertically along guide columns 9 and has protruding core mandrels 11, which can be inserted into the mold 7 from below through passage openings 12 in the table plate 6.
- the press ram 5 is equipped with a tool carrier 13, which is likewise guided vertically along the guide columns 5 and on which a press plate 14 is seated.
- the press plate 14 By pressing the ram 5, the press plate 14 can be inserted into the mold 7 from above, the press plate 14 forming through openings 15 for inserting the core mandrels 11.
- the mold is assigned a vibrator 16, which is only indicated, and a vibrator 17 is assigned to the carrier plate 10, and a manipulator 19 which can be moved via actuating cylinder 18 is used to handle the mold 7.
- a press mold 7 is placed on the table top 6 of the press table 3, both the lifting die 4 and the press die 5 being in their retracted starting position (FIG. 1).
- the lifting punch 4 is brought into the filling position, in which the core mandrels 11 protrude up to the filling height H in the mold 7, which in the exemplary embodiment shown corresponds to the upper edge of this mold.
- filling compound M is filled into the press mold 7 via the filling device 8, for example a filling car, for which purpose the filling car travels along corresponding rails 20 over the press mold 7 and fills it.
- the vibrators 16, 17 are switched on, so that the filling compound is distributed quickly and evenly in the mold and between the core mandrels. If the mold 7 is filled, the filling carriage moves back and the core mandrels 11 are raised via the lifting ram 4 to the starting position for compression about 2 to 3 cm above the filling height H (FIG. 2).
- the press die 5 is pressurized and the press plate 14 is lowered to fill level H, the core mandrels 11 being threaded with their upper ends into the passage openings 15 and being given an upper guide.
- the vibrators 16, 17 are switched on again and the ram 5 is pressed downwards into the press mold 7, while at the same time the core mandrels 11 are withdrawn again, so that there are favorable compression and load conditions (FIG. 3).
- the core mandrels 11 are withdrawn from the molding F via the lifting ram 4 through the through openings 12 of the table top 6, a slightly conical one Shape of the core mandrels facilitates the extraction process.
- the finished molding F is still in the press mold 7 and can be lifted due to the existing wall friction forces via the manipulator 19 with the press mold 7, this lifting being carried out by the press ram 5, so that space for pushing in a bearing board 21 arises (Fig. 4).
- the mold 7 is placed with the blank F on the bearing board 21 and then removed via the manipulator 19 with the help of the ram 5 as a counterhold from the blank F, which is released for acceptance after the final lifting of the ram 5.
- the molding is transported away with the storage board 21 via a conveyor device (not shown) for curing or the like.
- the mold 7 After removal of the molding F, the mold 7 is placed back on the table top 6 and a new hollow block can be manufactured.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Hohlbausteinen, nach dem Füllmasse in eine Preßform mit hochragenden Kerndornen eingebracht, mittels eines in Kerndornrichtung wirkenden Preßstempels formgebend verdichtet und dann der Formling durch Ausziehen der Kerndorne und Abziehen der Preßform entformt wird, sowie auf eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for producing hollow building blocks, according to which filling material is introduced into a press mold with protruding core mandrels, compacted by means of a press punch acting in the direction of the core mandrel and then the molded article is removed from the mold by pulling out the core mandrels and pulling off the press mold, and to a device to perform this procedure.
Bei den bekannten Herstellungsverfahren wird Füllmasse in eine kastenförmige Preßform eingefüllt, die zur Vergleichmäßigung der Füllung einer Rüttelbewegung unterworfen wird und zur Ausformung von Luftschlitzen und Hohlkammern in den Steinen Kerndorne aufnimmt. Diese Kerndorne können feststehend angeordnet sein, so daß die Füllmasse in die bereits mit den Kerndornen bestückte Preßform eingefüllt wird, oder sie können nach dem Befüllen einer dornlosen Preßform von oben oder unten in die bereits gefüllte Preßform eingedrückt werden, worauf die Füllmasse mittels eines Preßstempels zur Formgebung und Verdichtung verpreßt wird. Da beim Pressen der Füllmasse in der Preßform beträchtliche Preßdrücke auftreten, kommt es zu hohen, auf die Kerndorne einwirkenden Horizontalkräften, die aus Festigkeitsgründen eine Mindeststärke dieser Kerndorne verlangen. So müssen bisher Kerndorne mit einer Mindeststärke von ca. 1,5 cm eingesetzt werden, um Verformungen und Beschädigungen zu vermeiden, und diese Kerndornabmessungen bedingen auch eine entsprechende Begrenzung der herstellbaren Hohlraumquerschnitte und Stegstärken und damit eine unerwünschte Beeinträchtigung der erreichbaren Dämmeigenschaften. Weiters besteht bei Preßformen mit feststehenden Kerndornen die Gefahr einer ungleichmäßigen Füllung der verbleibenden Zwischenräume zwischen den Dornen und bei nachträglich einzudrückenden Kerndornen entstehen durch den Einpreßwiderstand zusätzliche Belastungen für diese Kerndorne. Außerdem erlauben die Kerndorne lediglich die Ausformung von Sacklöchern und es können keine Hohlbausteine mit durchgehenden Hohlräumen hergestellt werden, wodurch hohe Gewichte bzw. Steinrohdichten und geringere Wärmedämmfähigkeiten in Kauf zu nehmen sind.In the known manufacturing processes, filling compound is poured into a box-shaped press mold, which is subjected to a shaking movement to make the filling more uniform and which absorbs core mandrels in the stones to form air slots and hollow chambers. These core mandrels can be arranged in a fixed manner so that the filling compound is filled into the press mold which has already been equipped with the core mandrels, or they can be pressed into the already filled press mold from above or below after filling a mandrelless press mold, whereupon the filling compound is pressed by means of a press ram Forming and compression is pressed. Since considerable pressing pressures occur when the filling compound is pressed in the mold, there are high horizontal forces acting on the core mandrels, which require a minimum strength of these core mandrels for reasons of strength. So far, core mandrels with a minimum thickness of approx. 1.5 cm have to be used to prevent deformation and damage to avoid, and these core mandrel dimensions also require a corresponding limitation of the cavity cross-sections and web thicknesses that can be produced and thus an undesirable impairment of the achievable insulation properties. Furthermore, in the case of press molds with fixed core mandrels, there is a risk of the remaining gaps between the mandrels being filled unevenly, and in the case of core mandrels which are to be pressed in subsequently, press-in resistance creates additional loads for these core mandrels. In addition, the core mandrels only allow the formation of blind holes and it is not possible to manufacture hollow building blocks with continuous cavities, which means that high weights or stone densities and lower thermal insulation properties are acceptable.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Mängel zu beseitigen und ein Verfahren der eingangs geschilderten Art anzugeben, das auf rationelle Weise die Herstellung von Hohlbausteinen mit vergleichsweise geringen Steg- und Hohlraumquerschnitten erlaubt und dabei die Ausbildung durchgehender Luftkammern ermöglicht, wozu noch eine gleichmäßige Verdichtung der Füllmasse bei unterschiedlichen Verdichtungsgraden und dadurch entsprechend wählbare Dämmeigenschaften kommen. Außerdem soll eine Vorrichtung zum zweckmäßigen Durchführen dieses Verfahrens geschaffen werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and of specifying a method of the type described at the outset which, in a rational manner, permits the production of hollow building blocks with comparatively small cross-sectional areas of the web and hollow space and thereby enables the formation of continuous air chambers, which also includes uniform compression of the filling compound with different degrees of compaction and thus selectable insulation properties. In addition, a device for the expedient implementation of this method is to be created.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß die Kerndorne vor Beginn des Verdichtens über die Füllhöhe der Füllmasse in der Preßform hochgefahren und dann während des Verdichtens wieder zurückgezogen werden. Auf Grund der über die Füllmasse in der Preßform hochragenden Kerndorne ergeben sich beim Formling zwangsweise über die Höhe durchgehende Luftkammern und Hohlräume und vor allem können die Kerndorne, ohne den Formgebungsvorgang zu gefährden, während des Verdichtens im Ausmaß dieses Überstandes in Richtung der Preßstempelbewegung zurückgezogen werden, so daß die beim Verdichten auftretenden Horizontalkräfte reibungsbedingt abgebaut werden und sich hinsichtlich der Kerndornbelastung im wesentlichen als vertikale Zugkräfte auswirken. Es werden günstigere Belastungsverhältnisse erreicht, die geringere Festigkeitseigenschaften der Kerndorne verlangen. Dadurch ist es möglich, schwächer dimensionierte Kerndorne ordnungsgemäß einzusetzen, da schon geringe Dornstärken den aufzunehmenden Zugkräften standhalten. So lassen sich Kerndorne auch unter Stärken von 1 cm verwenden und es können ohne Schwierigkeiten Hohlbausteine mit Stegund Luftkammerstärken von 0,5 bis 1 cm hergestellt werden. Dazu kommt noch, daß durch die Zugbewegung der Kerndorne beim Verdichten zwischen der Füllmasse und der Kerndornoberfläche ein Gleitkontakt entsteht, der die Oberfläche der Hohlkammern exakt ausformt, und durch die im Preßsinne zusätzlich auftretende Bewegungstendenz, die von den Kerndornen auf die Füllmasse übertragen wird, ergibt sich eine Verbesserung der Masseverdichtung und eine Vergleichmäßigung des Verdichtungsgrades. Es lassen sich Hohlbausteine mit extremer Schlankheit der Stege und engen Spaltweiten der Hohlräume herstellen und dabei durch eine entsprechende Dosierung des Preßdruckes im Zusammenhang mit der Kerndornzugbewegung auch der Verdichtungsgrad der Füllmasse und damit die erreichbaren Dämmeigenschaften beeinflussen. Nicht zuletzt wird durch die geringen Stegstärken und die durchgehenden Hohlräume der Aushärtvorgang beschleunigt und so der Aufwand der Lagerhaltung reduziert und ein materialsparender Herstellungsvorgang gewährleistet. Auf energiesparende Weise sind dabei die verschiedensten Füllmassen, die hydraulisch aushärten, einsetzbar, wobei für solche Füllmassen beispielsweise Zuschlagstoffe, wie Naturbims, Hüttenschlacke, Leca, Tuffe, Ziegelsplitt, Splitt, Sande, insbesondere Quarzsande und Mischungen daraus u. dgl. und Bindemittel, wie Zement, Kalke, Flugasche und Mischungen daraus oder andere hydraulische Bindemittel, verwendet werden können.The invention solves this problem in that the core mandrels are raised above the fill level of the filling compound in the press mold before the start of the compression and are then withdrawn again during the compression. Due to the core mandrels protruding above the filling compound in the press mold, air chambers and cavities inevitably result through the height and, above all, the core mandrels can, without endangering the shaping process, during the compression to the extent of this protrusion in the direction of the press punch movement withdrawn, so that the horizontal forces occurring during compaction are reduced due to friction and have an effect essentially as vertical tensile forces with regard to the core mandrel load. Favorable load conditions are achieved which require lower strength properties of the core mandrels. This makes it possible to use core mandrels with weaker dimensions, since even small mandrel thicknesses can withstand the tensile forces to be absorbed. This means that core mandrels can also be used with a thickness of 1 cm and hollow bricks with web and air chamber thicknesses of 0.5 to 1 cm can be produced without difficulty. In addition, the tensile movement of the core mandrels creates a sliding contact between the filling compound and the core mandrel surface, which precisely forms the surface of the hollow chambers, and the additional movement tendency that occurs in the pressing sense and is transmitted from the core mandrels to the filling compound there is an improvement in mass compaction and an equalization of the degree of compaction. Hollow building blocks with extremely slender webs and narrow gap widths of the cavities can be produced and, by appropriate dosing of the pressing pressure in connection with the core mandrel pulling movement, also influence the degree of compaction of the filling compound and thus the achievable insulation properties. Last but not least, the hardening process is accelerated by the small web thicknesses and the continuous cavities, thus reducing the effort of storage and ensuring a material-saving manufacturing process. In an energy-saving manner, a wide variety of fillers that cure hydraulically can be used, with additives such as natural pumice, metallurgical slag, leca, tufts, brick chippings, grit, sands, in particular quartz sands and mixtures thereof, and the like, for such fillers. Like. And binders such as cement, limes, fly ash and mixtures thereof or other hydraulic binders can be used.
Selbstverständlich lassen sich auch organische oder chemische Additive beigeben und die Zuschlagstoffe und Bindemittel in jedem geeigneten Verhältnis mit Wasser mischen, wobei als Zuschlagstoffe auch durchaus Sondermüllstoffe, wie Styropor u. dgl., zumischbar sind.Of course, organic or chemical additives can also be added and the additives and binders mixed with water in any suitable ratio. Special additives such as polystyrene and the like can also be used as additives. Like., are admixable.
Werden die Kerndorne vor dem Befüllen der Preßform bis in Füllhöhe der Füllmasse eingefahren und dann erst nach dem Befüllen der Preßform über die Füllhöhe hochgefahren, läßt sich die Form in üblicher Weise mit Füllwagen od. dgl. bis zur Oberkante befüllen, ohne daß dieser Füllvorgang durch hochragende Kerndorne beeinträchtigt wird. Nach dem Befüllen werden die Kerndorne bis auf das erforderliche Übermaß aus der Preßform bzw. der Füllmasse herausgefahren, so daß beim anschließenden Verdichten die Dorne ohne Verlust ihrer Kernfunktion zugbelastet und zurückgezogen werden können.If the core mandrels are retracted to the fill level of the filling compound before the mold is filled and then raised above the fill level only after the mold has been filled, the mold can be filled in the usual way with filling carts or the like to the top edge without this filling process being carried out towering core mandrels is impaired. After filling, the core mandrels are moved out of the mold or the filling compound to the required excess, so that during the subsequent compression the mandrels can be subjected to tensile stress and withdrawn without losing their core function.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Kerndorne beim Einfüllen der Füllmasse in die Preßform und/oder beim Zurückziehen während des Verdichtens der Füllmasse in Schwingung versetzt werden, wodurch beim Füllen durch die innere Schwingbewegung ein gleichmäßiges Befüllen möglich ist und dann beim Verdichten der Verdichtungsgrad vergleichmäßigt und außerdem die Reibungsverhältnisse begünstigt werden. So können trotz der Schlankheit der Kerndorne praktisch Hohlbausteine beliebiger Höhe hergestellt werden und auch die Verdichtung der Füllmasse in Abhängigkeit vom Preßdruck läßt sich in weiten Grenzen variieren. Durch eine entsprechende Wahl der Preßkraft beim Verdichten kann dann der hergestellte Hohlbaustein im ausgehärteten Zustand eine höhere oder geringere Druckfestigkeit besitzen, so daß auch Steine mit weniger Wärmedämmung, aber hoher Druckfestigkeit erzeugt werden können. Bei ausreichendem Preßdruck läßt sich außerdem eine solche Verdichtung erreichen, daß der Formling nach der Entformung bereits formstabil ist und praktisch sofort weiterverarbeitet werden kann.It is advantageous if the core mandrels are set in vibration when filling the filling compound into the mold and / or when pulling back during the compression of the filling compound, so that even filling is possible when filling due to the internal oscillating movement and then the compression level is evened out during compression and also the friction conditions are favored. Thus, despite the slenderness of the core mandrels, hollow blocks of practically any height can be produced, and the compression of the filling compound depending on the pressing pressure can be varied within wide limits. Through a corresponding choice of the pressing force during compression, the hollow block produced can then have a higher or lower compressive strength in the hardened state, so that stones with less thermal insulation but high compressive strength can also be produced. With sufficient pressing pressure, such a compression can also be achieved that the molded article after demolding is dimensionally stable and can be processed practically immediately.
Übliche Vorrichtungen zum Herstellen von Hohlbausteinen bestehen aus einer Presse, die einen Pressentisch für eine Preßform, einen unteren Hubstempel mit von einer Trägerplatte hochragenden, aufwärts in die Preßform einfahrbaren Kerndornen, einen oberen Preßstempel mit einer abwärts in die Preßform eindrückbaren Preßplatte sowie eine Fülleinrichtung zum Befüllen der Preßform mit Füllmasse aufweist. Um auf einer derartigen Presse das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchführen zu können, umfaßt der Pressentisch eine Tischplatte zum Aufsetzen der Preßform und bilden die Tischplatte und die Preßplatte Durchtrittsöffnungen zum Durch- bzw. Einführen der Kerndorne, wobei der Hubstempel während einer Druckbeaufschlagung des Preßstempels absenkbar ist. Durch das Hochfahren des Hubstempels lassen sich die Kerndorne durch die Durchtrittsöffnungen der Tischplatte von unten in die unten und oben offene Preßform einfahren, wobei je nach Hubhöhe die Kerndorne mehr oder weniger hoch in der Preßform hochragen, was ein ordnungsgemäßes Befüllen bei in Füllhöhe stehenden Preßdornen und ein anschließendes Hochfahren der Kerndorne bis über die Füllhöhe erlaubt. Dann nach Aufsetzen des Preßstempels, wobei die Kerndorne in die entsprechenden Durchtrittsöffnungen der Preßplatte eindringen, wird gleichzeitig mit dem Preßvorgang die Rückziehbewegung der Kerndorne über den Hubstempel erwirkt. Da die Durchtrittsöffnungen der Preßplatte eine obere Führung für die Kerndorne mit sich bringen, ist eine zusätzliche Abstützung der Kerndorne gewährleistet und auch bei höchsten Preßdrücken keinerlei Verformung der Kerndorne zu befürchten.Conventional devices for the production of hollow building blocks consist of a press which has a press table for a press mold, a lower lifting ram with core mandrels protruding from a support plate and retractable into the press mold, an upper press ram with a press plate which can be pressed downwards into the mold and a filling device for filling the mold with filling compound. In order to be able to carry out the method according to the invention on such a press, the press table comprises a table plate for placing the press mold and form the table plate and the press plate through openings for the introduction or insertion of the core mandrels, the lifting ram being able to be lowered while the press ram is pressurized. By raising the lifting plunger, the core mandrels can be inserted through the openings in the table top from below into the mold open at the top and bottom, depending on the lifting height, the core mandrels protrude more or less high in the mold, which ensures proper filling with press mandrels at filling level and a subsequent raising of the core mandrels up to the fill level allowed. Then after placing the press ram, the core mandrels penetrating into the corresponding passage openings of the press plate, the retraction movement of the core mandrels is effected simultaneously with the pressing process via the lifting ram. Since the passage openings of the press plate provide an upper guide for the core mandrels, additional support of the core mandrels is ensured and no deformation of the core mandrels is to be feared even at the highest press pressures.
Ist für die Trägerplatte der Kerndorne ein Rüttler vorgesehen, lassen sich auf einfache Weise über die Trägerplatte die Kerndorne in Schwingung versetzen, was zusammen mit dem üblicherweise für die Preßform vorgesehenen Rüttler die gewünschten Schwingungsbewegungen der Preßform einerseits und der Kerndorne anderseits gewährleistet.If a vibrator is provided for the carrier plate of the core mandrels, the core mandrels can be easily removed via the carrier plate set in vibration, which, together with the vibrator usually provided for the mold, ensures the desired oscillatory movements of the mold on the one hand and the core mandrels on the other.
In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand rein schematisch veranschaulicht, und zwar zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Hohlbausteinen in teilgeschnittener Vordersicht und die
- Fig. 2, 3 und 4
- verschiedene Arbeitspositionen dieser Vorrichtung in ähnlicher Darstellung.
- Fig. 1
- an inventive device for producing hollow blocks in a partially cut front view and
- 2, 3 and 4
- different working positions of this device in a similar representation.
Eine Vorrichtung zum rationellen Herstellen von Hohlbausteinen besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Presse 1 mit einem Pressenrahmen 2 zur Abstützung eines Pressentisches 3, eines unteren Hubstempels 4 und eines oberen Preßstempels 5. Der Pressentisch 3 weist eine Tischplatte 6 zum Aufsetzen einer kastenförmigen Preßform 7 auf, oberhalb der eine Fülleinrichtung 8 zum Befüllen der Preßform 7 mit Füllmasse vorgesehen ist. Der Hubstempel 4 weist eine entlang von Führungssäulen 9 vertikal geführte Trägerplatte 10 mit hochragenden Kerndornen 11 auf, die durch Durchtrittsöffnungen 12 in der Tischplatte 6 von unten in die Preßform 7 einfahrbar sind. Der Preßstempel 5 ist mit einem ebenfalls entlang der Führungssäulen 5 vertikal geführten Werkzeugträger 13 bestückt, an dem eine Preßplatte 14 sitzt. Durch Beaufschlagung des Preßstempels 5 kann die Preßplatte 14 von oben in die Preßform 7 eingefahren werden, wobei die Preßplatte 14 Durchtrittsöffnungen 15 zum Einführen der Kerndorne 11 bildet. Um den Befüll- und Preßvorgang zu verbessern, ist der Preßform ein nur angedeuteter Rüttler 16 und der Trägerplatte 10 ein Rüttler 17 zugeordnet und zur Handhabung der Preßform 7 gibt es einen über Stellzylinder 18 bewegbaren Manipulator 19.A device for the rational manufacture of hollow building blocks consists essentially of a press 1 with a
Zum Herstellen eines Hohlbausteines wird eine Preßform 7 auf die Tischplatte 6 des Preßtisches 3 aufgesetzt, wobei sowohl der Hubstempel 4 als auch der Preßstempel 5 in ihrer zurückgezogenen Ausgangsposition sich befinden (Fig. 1). Nun wird in einem ersten Schritt der Hubstempel 4 in Füllposition gebracht, in der die Kerndorne 11 bis in Füllhöhe H in der Form 7 hochragen, was im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mit der Oberkante dieser Preßform übereinstimmt. Im folgenden Schritt wird über die Fülleinrichtung 8, beispielsweise ein Füllwagen, Füllmasse M in die Preßform 7 eingefüllt, wozu der Füllwagen entlang entsprechender Schienen 20 über die Preßform 7 fährt und diese befüllt. Während des Füllvorganges sind die Rüttler 16, 17 eingeschaltet, so daß die Füllmasse rasch und gleichmäßig in der Preßform und zwischen den Kerndornen verteilt wird. Ist die Preßform 7 befüllt, fährt der Füllwagen zurück und die Kerndorne 11 werden über den Hubstempel 4 in die Ausgangsposition zum Verdichten etwa 2 bis 3 cm über die Füllhöhe H hochgefahren (Fig. 2).To produce a hollow block, a
Nun wird bei abgeschalteten Rüttlern 16, 17 der Preßstempel 5 druckbeaufschlagt und die Preßplatte 14 bis in Füllhöhe H abgesenkt, wobei die Kerndorne 11 mit ihren oberen Enden in die Durchtrittsöffnungen 15 einfädeln und eine obere Führung bekommen. Im nun folgenden Verdichtungsschritt werden die Rüttler 16, 17 wieder eingeschaltet und der Preßstempel 5 abwärts in die Preßform 7 gedrückt, während gleichzeitig die Kerndorne 11 wieder zurückgezogen werden, so daß sich günstige Verdichtungs- und Belastungsverhältnisse ergeben (Fig. 3).Now, when the
Nach dem Verdichten, das gleichzeitig auch eine Formgebung mit sich bringt, werden die Kerndorne 11 über den Hubstempel 4 durch die Durchtrittsöffnungen 12 der Tischplatte 6 aus dem Formling F abgezogen, wobei eine leicht konische Form der Kerndorne den Ausziehvorgang erleichtert. Nach dem Ausziehen der Kerndorne 11 sitzt der fertige Formling F noch in der Preßform 7 und läßt sich auf Grund der vorhandenen Wandreibungskräfte über den Manipulator 19 mit der Preßform 7 hochheben, wobei dieses Heben vom Preßstempel 5 mitgemacht wird, so daß Platz zum Unterschieben eines Lagerbrettes 21 entsteht (Fig. 4). Hierauf wird die Preßform 7 mit dem Formling F auf das Lagerbrett 21 abgesetzt und dann über den Manipulator 19 unter Mithilfe des Preßstempels 5 als Gegenhalt vom Formling F abgezogen, der nach dem abschließenden Anheben des Preßstempels 5 zur Abnahme freigegeben ist. Der Formling wird mit dem Lagerbrett 21 über eine nicht weiter dargestellte Fördereinrichtung zum Aushärten od. dgl. abtransportiert.After the compression, which also brings with it a shaping, the
Nach der Abnahme des Formlings F wird die Preßform 7 wieder auf die Tischplatte 6 aufgesetzt und ein neuer Hohlbaustein kann gefertigt werden.After removal of the molding F, the
Durch das Pressen der Formlinge unter gleichzeitiger Rückzugsbewegung der Kerndorne ergeben sich sehr günstige Belastungsverhältnisse für die Dorne einerseits und beste Verdichtungsverhältnisse für die Füllmasse anderseits, so daß sich Kerndorne großer Schlankheit bei der Hohlbausteinherstellung einsetzen und zusätzlich auch sehr unterschiedliche Preßdrücke anwenden lassen. Es entstehen Hohlbausteine mit verhältnismäßig schmalen Stegstärken und engen Luftkammern und gezielt beeinflußbarer Massendichtheit, was die Herstellung von Hohlbausteinen mit hoher Wärmedämmung und unterschiedlichen Festigkeitseigenschaften erlaubt.By pressing the moldings with a simultaneous retraction movement of the core mandrels, there are very favorable load conditions for the mandrels on the one hand and best compression ratios for the filling compound on the other hand, so that core mandrels of great slenderness can be used in the manufacture of hollow bricks and, in addition, very different pressures can be applied. Hollow building blocks with relatively narrow web thicknesses and narrow air chambers and mass tightness that can be influenced in a targeted manner are produced, which allows the production of hollow building blocks with high thermal insulation and different strength properties.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT1946/94 | 1994-10-14 | ||
| AT194694 | 1994-10-14 | ||
| AT194694A AT402375B (en) | 1994-10-14 | 1994-10-14 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HOLLOW BLOCKS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0706864A2 true EP0706864A2 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
| EP0706864A3 EP0706864A3 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
| EP0706864B1 EP0706864B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
Family
ID=3524459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19950890152 Expired - Lifetime EP0706864B1 (en) | 1994-10-14 | 1995-08-23 | Process for making hollow building blocks |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0706864B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT402375B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59510075D1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924926C1 (en) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-04-13 | Hubaleck Gmbh U Co Kg | Stone forming machine for masonry stones has upper and lower mould sections with guide for lower section |
| WO2001008859A1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2001-02-08 | Norbert Kranzinger | Method for producing hollow building blocks and device for carrying out said method |
| DE10147572A1 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-17 | Moerlenbacher Betonwerk Richar | Stone briquette production process involves bringing core out of mold along second direction of motion different from first direction of motion |
| WO2006005091A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-19 | Kdm Engineering Gmbh | Device for the production of a hollow building block from a hydraulically-hardening moist building block mass |
| DE102005002497B3 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-06-01 | Hess Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for producing hollow building blocks |
| CN103507153A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-01-15 | 刘发清 | Gypsum block unresisted-jacking and forming machine |
| CN104227826A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 西安交通大学 | Hydraulic excitation vibrating brick press |
| CN109500980A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-22 | 李仰水 | The core pulling pressure head structure of floor tile and the core pulling forming method of floor tile |
| CN111730725A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-02 | 孙明生 | Gypsum block and forming method and device thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105835210B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-12-12 | 澄江中天源环保科技有限公司 | A kind of mould and its drawing method for suppressing gypsum hollow brick |
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| DE360362C (en) * | 1922-10-02 | Wagner Otto | Rotary table press for the production of perforated bricks from lime-sand, cement-sand or the like. Like. Mortar masses | |
| DE391143C (en) * | 1922-12-23 | 1924-02-29 | Duchscher & Cie | Hydraulic press for the production of pear bottoms from one piece |
| DE578845C (en) * | 1933-06-24 | Meer Akt Ges Maschf | Press for the production of nozzle stones for converter floors | |
| GB969373A (en) * | 1962-03-21 | 1964-09-09 | Whittaker & Co Ltd C | Improvements in brick making machines |
| GB970595A (en) * | 1962-01-11 | 1964-09-23 | Harbison Walker Refractiries C | Machine for making perforated bricks |
| DE2837878A1 (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1980-03-13 | Bucher Guyer Ag Masch | Hollow ceramic mouldings made in single pressing operation - where cores in mould are vibrated to produce homogeneous mouldings of exact size |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3647332A (en) * | 1969-08-29 | 1972-03-07 | Parker Hannifin Corp | Hydraulic press |
| ZA715429B (en) * | 1970-09-10 | 1972-04-26 | Olivetti & Co Spa | A device for moulding parts to be sintered |
| BG27273A1 (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1979-10-12 | Vnii P Rabot Ogneu Promysch | Method and press for moulding details from powdered and granular materials |
| US4153399A (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1979-05-08 | Ptx-Pentronix, Inc. | Multiple punch tool set for powder compacting press |
| DE3142126A1 (en) * | 1981-10-23 | 1983-05-11 | Dorst-Keramikmaschinen-Bau Otto Dorst U. Dipl.-Ing. Walter Schlegel, 8113 Kochel | "PRESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TAILORED PRESSINGS FROM POWDER-SHAPED MATERIAL" |
-
1994
- 1994-10-14 AT AT194694A patent/AT402375B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-08-23 DE DE59510075T patent/DE59510075D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-23 EP EP19950890152 patent/EP0706864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE360362C (en) * | 1922-10-02 | Wagner Otto | Rotary table press for the production of perforated bricks from lime-sand, cement-sand or the like. Like. Mortar masses | |
| DE578845C (en) * | 1933-06-24 | Meer Akt Ges Maschf | Press for the production of nozzle stones for converter floors | |
| DE391143C (en) * | 1922-12-23 | 1924-02-29 | Duchscher & Cie | Hydraulic press for the production of pear bottoms from one piece |
| GB970595A (en) * | 1962-01-11 | 1964-09-23 | Harbison Walker Refractiries C | Machine for making perforated bricks |
| GB969373A (en) * | 1962-03-21 | 1964-09-09 | Whittaker & Co Ltd C | Improvements in brick making machines |
| DE2837878A1 (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1980-03-13 | Bucher Guyer Ag Masch | Hollow ceramic mouldings made in single pressing operation - where cores in mould are vibrated to produce homogeneous mouldings of exact size |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924926C1 (en) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-04-13 | Hubaleck Gmbh U Co Kg | Stone forming machine for masonry stones has upper and lower mould sections with guide for lower section |
| WO2001008859A1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2001-02-08 | Norbert Kranzinger | Method for producing hollow building blocks and device for carrying out said method |
| AT410294B (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2003-03-25 | Kranzinger Norbert | METHOD FOR PRODUCING HOLLOW BLOCKS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| DE10147572A1 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-17 | Moerlenbacher Betonwerk Richar | Stone briquette production process involves bringing core out of mold along second direction of motion different from first direction of motion |
| DE10147572B4 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2006-08-24 | Mörlenbacher Betonwerk Richard Wagner GmbH & Co. KG | Method and device for producing stone moldings and stone molding |
| WO2006005091A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-19 | Kdm Engineering Gmbh | Device for the production of a hollow building block from a hydraulically-hardening moist building block mass |
| WO2006077053A1 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-27 | Hess Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for production of hollow bricks |
| DE102005002497B3 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-06-01 | Hess Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for producing hollow building blocks |
| CN103507153A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-01-15 | 刘发清 | Gypsum block unresisted-jacking and forming machine |
| CN103507153B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-09-28 | 刘发清 | Gypsum block unresisted-jacking and forming machine |
| CN104227826A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 西安交通大学 | Hydraulic excitation vibrating brick press |
| CN109500980A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-22 | 李仰水 | The core pulling pressure head structure of floor tile and the core pulling forming method of floor tile |
| CN111730725A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-02 | 孙明生 | Gypsum block and forming method and device thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA194694A (en) | 1996-09-15 |
| EP0706864B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
| EP0706864A3 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
| DE59510075D1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
| AT402375B (en) | 1997-04-25 |
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