EP1674226B1 - Moulding device with mould and method for making concrete blocks - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a block forming machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for the production of molded blocks according to claim 6.

From the DE 197 35 295 A1 is a stone forming machine for the production of concrete blocks, with a arranged in the stone forming machine form, the mold comprising a mold top and a mold bottom, the mold top has plungers and is attached to the ballast of the machine. In such stone forming machines with such shapes there is a risk that the mold is subject to increased wear, which can significantly shorten the life of the mold with insufficient alignment of the mold parts to each other or with a change in the orientation of the moldings to each other during operation. Since in such a case, the deviation ultimately has to be absorbed, for example, by vibration metals or comparable components, via which the mold is mounted on the machine frame, and the vibration behavior is changed and the energy requirement is increased. This increases production costs and maintaining consistent quality is also difficult.

From the DE 88 15 262 U1 is a concrete molding machine and a method for the production of molded bricks with a stamp-carrying punch top according to the preamble of claims 1 and 6, which is connectable via connecting elements with a bear of the machine, preferably with a arranged on the bear stamping spacer, each connecting element as the stamp upper part is formed against the bear or against the arranged on the bear stamping distance pulling actuatable tie rod. In this case, it is possible for the die upper part lowered into the mold to be against the punch spacer or the bear due to a not yet To set and align very firm connection in the briefly switched Rüttelbetrieb the concrete molding machine.

The invention has for its object to ensure that the upper mold is durably smoothly aligned on the mold base. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to propose a method by which a block forming machine can be operated in such a way that the shape is not damaged by a change in the orientation of the upper and lower parts of the mold during manufacture.

This object is achieved on the basis of the features of the preamble of claim 1 by the characterizing features of claim 1 and the method claim 6. In the dependent claims advantageous and expedient developments are given.

The stone forming machine with the shape arranged therein has a pressure piece, which is movable parallel to a horizontal plane within a lying in this plane floating field relative to the lower mold part by external forces, wherein its position in the floating field for any duration can be fixed or released is. As a result, a relative movement between the pressure piece and the lower mold part is possible even after fixing the upper mold part and the lower mold part in the stone molding machine at any time or in any position of the mold. Thus, the pressure piece can dive in a misalignment between the upper mold part and the lower mold part without oblique position in the associated Formwabe of the mold base, wherein the pressure piece is exactly centered on the mold base during immersion. Due to the lockability of the centered position, which occupies the pressure piece to the mold base after immersion, it is possible to store this position for the following or any number of additional cycles and to limit the possibly required recentering to a minimum. The stone forming machine or form is thus one Stone forming machine or mold, in which a fine centering of the pressure piece can be done on the mold base during any working cycle and not just once before the work cycle. The centered position can thus be stored for the following working cycle or any time span and can possibly be repeated at each further working cycle. Thus, long operating times of a mold are possible without the risk of increasing wear, which is caused by a known from the operation, with the number of cycles increasing misalignment. In the test mode of such an arrangement, it was also possible to ascertain an increased surface quality of the molded blocks produced in the region of the pressure pieces, the cause of which could lie in the pressure piece which is free in the floating plane during the compacting process. The ability to release the pressure piece from its fixed position at any time again, is particularly helpful in the correction of machine malfunctions.

According to the invention, it is provided to limit a cavity by sealing bars, in which the sliding aid is arranged. This makes it possible to achieve a permanent smooth movement of the relative movement between the fixed body and the float.

According to the invention, a horizontally oriented sliding plane is provided, which is arranged in the upper mold part and / or between the upper mold part and the ballast and / or in the ballast and the upper mold or the upper mold and the ballast or the ballast in a rigidly fixed to the machine frame fixed body and a floating relative to the machine frame in the horizontal sliding plane floating body divided, the pressure piece is associated with the float. In a realization of the sliding plane in the upper mold. If no changes are required to the stone forming machine, all stone forming machines can be equipped with appropriate shapes without modification. The arrangement of the sliding plane between the Mold top and the ballast of the machine allows to distribute the technology required for the realization of the invention to the mold and the stone forming machine. Although an adaptation of the stone forming machine is required, however, it is possible to use subcomponents for a variety of shapes and thus save costs. Finally, the shift of the slip plane in the load of the block-making machine has the advantage that almost any shape without technical modification according to the invention can be operated.

According to the invention, it is provided in particular, the pressure plate upper part to form the pressure plate lower part or the pressure piece to the mounting plate relatively displaceable. Such positioned slip planes can be technically easy to implement between the components mentioned, since these components are already constructed in several parts even in conventional devices.

Furthermore, the invention provides for a lockability of the floating body to the fixed body, wherein by the floating body in the locked position different positions can be taken to the fixed body. As a result, the storage capacity of any position of the float is possible.

To facilitate the self-centering of the pressure piece on the form of honeycomb, the invention provides to arrange a sliding aid between the float and the fixed body, through which the friction between the two components is reduced in the floating position. For this purpose, a brush is provided in particular. This has the advantage that it can be compressed in the fixed position without damage.

Finally, the invention provides a direct interaction of the inlet slope of the mold cavity with the pressure piece and thus with the float. As a result, components existing for the mechanical centering can be used.

The method according to the invention provides for lowering the upper part of the mold to the lower mold part, wherein the pressure piece is freely movable in a horizontal plane during the first immersion in the mold honeycomb and mechanically centered on the mold honeycomb during immersion, the pressure piece is subsequently provided during lifting of the upper mold part the mold top is to be locked in its orientation in the horizontal plane relative to the frame of the stone forming machine or die bottom before exiting from the mold honeycomb and finally every time the press piece is immersed in the mold honeycomb in which the pressure piece is centered from the previous process step, provided to release the pressure piece or release after or before or during immersion in the horizontal plane. As a result, either a one-time centering is possible, in which all occurring during installation of the form factors are taken into account, or a current realignment possible by which an inclination of the pressure piece, increased wear and a change in the oscillation frequency is constantly prevented again.

Further details of the invention are described in the drawing with reference to schematically illustrated Ausführungsbeisielen.

Figur 1:

eine schematische und perspektivische Darstellung der Form und der Auflast der Steinformmaschine;

Figur 2a:

einen Schnitt durch ein Formoberteil,

Figur 2b:

das in der Figur 2a gezeigte Formoberteil in einer Explosionszeichnung,

Figur 2c:

einen Ausschnitt einer Seitenansicht aus einer Pfeilrichtung IIc auf das in der Figur 2a dargestellte Formoberteil,

Figur 3a - 3m:

einen Fertigungszyklus in schematischer Darstellung,

Figur 3n - 3o:

jeweils eine Unteransichten eines Druckstücks,

Figur 4a - 4d:

einen zweiten Fertigungszyklus in schematischer Darstellung,

Figur 5a:

einen Teil eines dritten Fertigungszyklus in schematischer Darstellung und

Figur 6a:

einen Teil eines vierten Fertigungszyklus in schematischer Darstellung.

Hereby shows:

FIG. 1:

a schematic and perspective view of the shape and the load of the stone-forming machine;

FIG. 2a:

a section through a form top,

FIG. 2b:

that in the FIG. 2a Shown form top in an exploded view,

FIG. 2c:

a section of a side view from an arrow direction IIc on in the FIG. 2a illustrated upper shell,

Figure 3a - 3m:

a production cycle in a schematic representation,

Figure 3n - 3o:

each a bottom views of a pressure piece,

FIGS. 4a-4d:

a second production cycle in a schematic representation,

FIG. 5a

a part of a third production cycle in a schematic representation and

FIG. 6a:

a part of a fourth production cycle in a schematic representation.

In FIG. 1 is a form 1 and a surcharge 2 a stone forming machine 3 shown schematically in a perspective view. The mold 1 comprises a mold bottom 4 and a mold top 5. The mold bottom 4 is indicated by a mold frame 6, in which twelve concrete blocks 7 lie. The upper mold part 5 comprises a pressure plate 8, which is divided into a pressure plate upper part 8a and a pressure plate lower part 8b. On the printing plate lower part 8b 12 stamp 9 are arranged, which are composed in each case essentially of a punch tube 10 and a pressure piece 11.

The pressure plate upper part 8a has undercut grooves 12, in which mushroom pins 13 are inserted, which are arranged on the ballast 2 of the stone forming machine 3, not shown, and serve to fasten the upper mold part 5. In the load 2, two vibrators 14 are arranged, through which vibrations in the mold 1 can be introduced. Furthermore, a hydraulic cylinder 15 is shown, which is mounted between the ballast 2 and a machine frame, not shown, the stone forming machine 3 and a movability of the load 2 in the direction of arrows z or z 'allows.

The printing plate upper part 8a and the printing plate lower part 8b meet in a horizontal sliding plane 16 and an xy plane, respectively. By a mechanism not shown here in this horizontal sliding plane 16, a relative movement of the pressure plate lower part 8b and the associated punch 9 relative to the fixed to the load 2 pressure plate upper part 8a possible. Thus, despite the fixation of the upper mold part 5 on the ballast 2, a movement of the plungers 11 in the x and / or y-direction possible, unless the mechanism not shown, the pressure plate lower part 8b is not locked on the printing plate upper part 8a. The horizontal sliding plane 16 thus separates the upper mold part 5 into a fixed body 17, which essentially comprises the pressure plate upper part 8a, and a floating body 18, which essentially consists of the pressure plate lower part 8b and the twelve stamps 9.

The FIGS. 2a to 2c show a top mold 5 in different views, in which by a mechanism 19 a floating position S and a fixed position F can be realized (see FIG. 2a ). In the floating position S is a pressure plate lower part 8b and 9 stamp existing float 18 with respect to one of a Pressure plate upper part 8a existing fixed body 17 in a sliding plane 16 movable. The left half of the drawing FIG. 2a shows the upper mold part 5 in the clamped fixed position F. The right half of the drawing FIG. 2a shows the upper mold part 5 in the floating position S, in which a sliding of the float 18 in the direction of arrows x- or y-direction is possible. The mechanism 19 consists essentially of bellows cylinders 20 which are mounted on the printing plate upper part 8a and raise and lower a Hubtraverse 21. The pressure plate lower part 8b is guided by stud bolts 22, which are sheathed by spacer sleeves 23, in guide bushings 24 of the printing plate upper part 8a and fastened to the lifting beam 21. Furthermore, the pressure plate lower part 8b stops 25, which run in the fixed position F against the printing plate upper part 8a. The acted upon with compressed air bellows cylinder 20 cause a relative movement of Hubtraverse 21 to the pressure plate upper part 8a and pull the pressure plate lower part 8b on the stud bolts 22 in an arrow direction z against the pressure plate upper part 8a. The movement of the printing plate lower part 8b against the printing plate upper part 8a is limited by the stops 25. As soon as the stops 25 have been pulled completely against the printing plate upper part 8a, the friction between the two printing plate parts 8a and 8b is so great that a relative movement of the printing plate lower part 8b with respect to the printing plate top part 8a is prevented (see FIG. 2a - fixed position F).

When vented bellows cylinders 20, the Hubtraverse 21 and decreases with this the pressure plate lower part 8b, wherein in this floating position S sheathed by the spacer sleeves 22 studs 22 of the pressure plate lower part 8b with all-round play in the sliding plane 16 and xy plane in the guide bushings 24 of the printing plate upper part 8a are stored. Thus, a relative movement of the pressure plate lower part 8b and the float 18th relative to the fixed body formed by the pressure plate upper part 8a 17 possible, wherein the relative movement in the horizontal sliding plane 16 is facilitated by arranged between the pressure plate parts 8a and 8b brush 26. By the play between the spacer sleeves 23 and the guide bushings 24, the maximum displaceability of the float 18 is defined. The displacement can take place within a floating field 35, which here indicates the maximum displaceability of a pressure piece 11 belonging to the punch 9 and is circular. The swimming field 35 is in the FIG. 2a with respect to the pressure piece 11 and in the FIG. 2b indicated with respect to the spacer sleeve 23. The stamp 9 associated pressure piece 11 is attached to a mounting plate 11 a and interchangeable. For the protection of the mechanism 19, circumferential sealing bars 27 made of plastic are arranged between the fixed body 17 and the floating body 18, which seal a cavity 28 formed between the pressure plate upper part 8a and the pressure plate lower part 8b with respect to an environment 29. According to an embodiment variant, not shown, it is provided, the float by means of the bellows cylinder not to pull upwards, but to push down, the float is held in the lower position via lag screws and relativ.zum fixed body is fixed. According to another embodiment, not shown, it is also provided to realize the float alone by a pressure piece, which is held movable and fixable on a mounting plate.

In the FIGS. 3a to 3m schematically the individual phases of a first and a second production cycle are shown. The individual phases can be roughly described using the following terms, with the transitions being partially fluid: filling, lowering, immersing and centering, compacting, extending, raising, demolding. The schematic representation of a stone forming machine 3 with a mold 1 is limited to a production pad 30, a mold honeycomb 31 of the mold 1, a punch 9 with punch tube 10 and pressure piece 11, a pressure plate 8 consisting of pressure plate upper part 8a and pressure plate lower part 8b and concrete mixture 32 or a concrete block 7 (see FIG. 3e ). As is known from the preceding figures, the pressure plate 8 is separated by a horizontal sliding plane 16, wherein the pressure plate upper part 8a forms a fixed body 17 and a floating body 18 is formed from the pressure plate lower part 8b and the punch 9. A mechanism or other device, which allows the floating and fixing of the floating body 18 in the horizontal sliding plane 16 relative to the fixed body 17 is not shown here.

In the FIG. 3a is shown as an existing from the pressure plate 8 and the punch 9 Formoberteil 5 is moved in an arrow direction z 'in the direction of the mold honeycomb 31, wherein the punch 9 and the pressure piece 11 have an offset V to a mold cavity 31 formed by the mold cavity 31 , For simplicity, the offset V is considered only in the xz plane. Of course, there may also be another offset in the yz plane.

As the FIG. 3b shows, a circumferential inlet bevel 34 on the mandrel 31 causes a centering of the pressure member 11 and the associated components 10 and 8b on the mold cavity 33. This centering is made possible by a relative movement of the float 18 in the direction of arrow x with respect to the fixed body 17.

The Figure 3c symbolizes a further compression of the concrete mixture 32 by pressure and / or Rüttelenergie. Here, the upper mold part 5 is exactly as in the FIGS. 3a and 3b in a floating position S.

After completion of compaction (see 3d figure ), a switch from the floating position S to a fixed position F, in which a sliding of the float 18 is prevented relative to the float 17 and the float is fixed in a position P.

The FIG. 3e schematically shows how the upper mold part 5 is raised and the molded block 7 produced from the concrete mixture 32 is de-energized.

The FIG. 3f shows the stone forming machine 3 and the mold 1 in a position in which the mold honeycomb 31 can be refilled.

In the FIG. 3g is the form of honeycomb 31 again filled by a filling carriage, not shown, with concrete mixture 32, the upper mold 5 is in the fixed position F on the form of honeycomb 31.

The FIGS. 3h to 3j show how the upper mold part 5, which has stored the aligned on the mold cavity 33 position of the pressure pad 11, in the direction of the arrow z 'is lowered. Here, the fixed position F is released as soon as the pressure piece 11 has passed the inlet slope 34 (see FIG. 3i ). The fixed position F is replaced by the floating position S from this time. In the floating position S then further compression by pressure and / or Rüttelenergie (see FIGS. 3i and 3j ). After compaction, a locking of the upper mold part 5 takes place again in order to store the position of the floating body 18 or of the pressure piece 11 aligned with the shaped honeycomb 31 for the next production cycle (cf. 3d figure ). The floating body 17 is now fixed in a position P 'which corresponds to or deviates from the position P' depending on influencing factors. A typical influencing factor is caused by the filling car light Displacement of the lower part of the mold by which the position has to be corrected. By redetermining the optimum position of the floating body 18 and the pressure piece 11 at each production cycle, it is possible to minimize the wear between the pressure piece 11 and the mold honeycomb 31. Alternatively, it is also envisaged to maintain the fixed position determined for any further production cycles during a first production cycle or during a set-up process in which no molded blocks are yet to be produced. This is possible in particular in forms which have a low susceptibility to undesired displacement of the upper mold part and the lower mold part.

In the Figures 3l and 3m are the ones from the FIGS. 3e and 3f shown again known manufacturing steps. Thus, the show FIGS. 3a to 3m in principle, two production cycles, with the FIGS. 3a to 3f show a production cycle, which is usually passed through only once as a production cycle after a mold change. The in the Figures 3d to 3m The manufacturing cycle shown is an example of the second to nth production cycle, ie until the mold change.

The fixation or release of the floating body is phase independent and can be done at any time of a production cycle, the duration of the fixation or release is arbitrary.

In the FIG. 3n is a bottom view of a pressure pad 11 is shown, which has an offset V, which is composed of an offset V _x in the x direction and an offset Vy in the y direction. Dashed lines indicate a floating field 35 which lies in a horizontal sliding plane 16 and by which the maximum movability of the pressure element 11 in the x or γ direction is indicated. Of course, the shape of the Floating field 35 depending on the mechanics or other device that allows sliding between the fixed body and float. In the case of the FIGS. 2a to 2c illustrated embodiment, the swimming field would be limited by a circle.

In the FIG. 3o is the pressure piece 11 centered in the swimming field 35th

Analogous to the representations in the FIGS. 3a to 3m show the FIGS. 4a to 4c a second embodiment in which a sliding plane 16 is arranged in a top mold 5. In the embodiment according to the FIGS. 4a to 4d , each showing a section of a stone forming machine 3, the sliding plane 16, however, between a pressure piece 11 and a mounting plate 11 a is formed. In the FIG. 4a the upper mold 5 is shown in two successive positions, wherein the pressure piece 11 has already aligned in the second position when driving down the upper mold 5 in a mold honeycomb 31 on a mold cavity 33. In this position, therefore, the pressure piece -11 has shifted in the sliding plane 16 relative to the mounting plate 11a. In the FIG. 4b is in a left representation again the right representation of FIG. 4a presented unchanged. In this position, the pressure plate 11 is still in a floating position S, in which it is movable relative to the mounting plate 11a or against the other components of the upper mold part 5 in a horizontal plane. The right representation of the FIG. 4b As soon as the compaction of the concrete mixture 32 has been completed, the position of the pressure plate 11 is fixed to the remaining components of the upper mold part 5. In this fixed position F of the pressure plate 11 the upper mold 5 is now raised in a known manner and it a demoulding of a concrete block 7 produced from the concrete mixture 32 takes place (see left and right illustration of FIG Figure 4c ). In this case, the pressure plate 11 is still in the fixed position F and is thus aligned for the following production cycle on the form of honeycomb 31. In the FIG. 4d are two bottom views of the pressure plate 11 as shown in the FIG. 4a shown. The mounting plate 11a is indicated by dashed lines. The pressure plate 11 shifts when immersed in the mold cavity with respect to the Anschraubplatte 11 a by an offset V.

In the FIG. 5a is analogous to the FIGS. 3a, 3b and 4a again a section of a stone forming machine 3 shown. In addition to a top mold 5 here is also a load 2, by means of which the upper mold part 5 is vertically movable. Overload 2 is also referred to as a machine quick change device. In a comparative analysis of the left and right representations of FIG. 5a is a relative movement of the upper mold part 5 to 2 Auflast the immersion of a pressure plate 11 in a form of honeycomb 31 recognizable. A slip plane 16 is located between the upper mold 5 and the load 2 to allow this horizontal movement. As in the previous embodiments, the possibility of blocking the slip plane 16 is also provided here.

Finally, the shows FIG. 6a analogous to the FIGS. 3a, 3b . 4a and 5a again a section of a stone forming machine 3. In contrast to that in the FIG. 5a shown section has a load 2 on a sliding plane 16. The sliding plane 16 makes it possible to shift a lower load part 2b with a top part 5 fixed thereto relative to a top load part 2a. In technical language, the upper load part 2a is also used as a bear plate and the lower load part 2b also as a machine quick change device designated. As in the previous embodiments, the possibility of blocking the slip plane 16 is also provided here.

The invention is not limited to illustrated or described embodiments. Rather, it includes developments of the invention within the scope of the patent claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

shape

2

Ballast of the stone forming machine

3

Block making machine

4

Mold part

5

Mold top

6

mold frame

7

Concrete block

8th

printing plate

8a

Printing plate shell

8b

Printing plate base

9

stamp

10

plunger tube

11

Pressure piece

11a

screwing

12

Groove at 8a

13

Mushroom cone on 2

14

Jogger

15

hydraulic cylinders

16

horizontal slip plane

17

fixed field

18

float

19

mechanics

20

Bellows cylinder at 8a

21

lifting beam

22

Stud bolt to 8b

23

spacer bushing

24

Guide bush to 8a

25

Stop at 8b

26

brush

27

sealing bar

28

cavity

29

Surroundings

30

Manufacturing base

31

Formwabe

32

concrete mix

33

cavity

34

run-in slope

35

swimming field

x

x-direction

y

y-direction

z

z-direction

F

Fixstellung

P

fixed position of 18

P '

another fixed position of 18

S

floating position

V

offset

V _x

Offset in x-direction

Vy

Offset in γ direction

Claims (6)

1. A block molding machine (3), particularly for the production of pre-cast concrete blocks (7), having a mold (1) arranged in the block molding machine (3), which comprises an upper mold part (5) and a lower mold part (4), wherein the upper mold part (5) has at least one pressure piece (11) and is attached to an applied load (2) of the block molding machine (3), wherein the pressure piece (11) can be moved passively relative to the lower mold part (4) by external forces parallel to a horizontal plane (16) within a float field (35) lying in this plane and the pressure piece (11) in each position (P, P') is temporarily or permanently lockable or releasable within the float field (35) at any time, wherein the horizontal glide plane (16) is arranged in the upper mold part (5) and/or between the upper mold part (5) and the applied load (2) and/or in the applied load (2), wherein the horizontal glide plane (16) divides the upper mold part (5) or the upper mold part (5) and the applied load (2) or the applied load (2) into a fixed body (17) standing rigidly in relation to a frame of the block molding machine (3) and a float (18) which can be moved relative to the frame of the block molding machine (3) in the horizontal glide plane (16), wherein the pressure piece (11) is assigned to the float (18), wherein the float (18) can be assigned to the fixed body (17), wherein through the float (18) in the fixed position (F) different positions (P, P') are accessible to the fixed body (17), wherein the lower mold part (4) comprises at least one mold honeycomb (31), wherein a device exists, in order to center the pressure piece mechanically on the mold honeycomb (31) and wherein a device exists in order to lock the pressure piece relative to the block molding machine or to the lower mold part, wherein between the fixed body (17) and the float (18) a gliding aid (26) is arranged, characterized in that seal bars (27) enclose a hollow space (28), in which the gliding aid (26) is arranged.
2. A block molding machine (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal glide plane (16) is arranged in the upper mold part (5) between a pressure plate upper part (8a) and a pressure plate lower part (8b).
3. A block molding machine (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal glide plane (16) is arranged in the upper mold part (5) between the pressure piece (11) and a screw-on plate (11a).
4. A block molding machine (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a brush (26) is arranged between the fixed body (17) and the float (18) as a gliding aid (26).
5. A block molding machine (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure piece (11) interacts with an inlet incline (34) of a mold honeycomb (31) and the float (18) can be moved directly by the pressure piece (11).
6. A method for the production of molded blocks (7), particularly pre-cast concrete blocks (7), by means of a mold (1) arranged in a block molding machine (3) having an upper mold part (5) with at least one pressure piece (11) and a lower mold part (4) with at least one mold honeycomb (31) with the following steps:

   - Lowering of the upper mold part (5) onto the lower mold part (4), wherein the pressure piece (11) can be moved during the first immersion into the mold honeycomb (31) in a horizontal plane (16) and is centered mechanically on the mold honeycomb (31) during the immersion,

   - Lifting of the upper mold part (5), wherein the pressure piece (11) is locked before leaving the mold honeycomb (31) In its orientation in the horizontal plane (16) relative to the block molding machine (3) or to the lower mold part (4),

   - Re-lowering of the upper mold part (5) onto the lower mold part (4), wherein the pressure piece (11) is centered on the mold honeycomb (31) during each additional immersion Into the mold honeycomb (31) from the preceding process step and after or before or during the immersion is released in the horizontal plane and is relocked before leaving the mold honeycomb (31).

Images