EP1874514B1 - Device for production of moulded concrete blocks - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an apparatus for the production of concrete blocks by compacting fresh concrete in a molding machine under the action of shaking forces.

Such a device is for example in the NL 86 02 100 described. A mold insert is removably mounted in a holding frame, which is vertically movable along vertical guide columns of a molding machine. The mold insert can be placed on a pad located below the mold frame and pressed by the holding frame on the substrate and can be excited by means of a vibrator to vibrate. After filling the mold insert with earth-moist concrete, hereinafter referred to as fresh concrete, a ballast with stamp plates is lowered into the upper openings of the mold cavity and presses on the fresh concrete. In the subsequent shaking the pad is z. B. excited by rotating unbalanced masses or blow bars to vibrations, which are also transmitted to the mold insert and the fresh concrete. After a short shaking time, the compacted molded bodies can be removed from the mold cavities, for which purpose the mold frame is moved upwards and the stamps of the ballast hold the moldings on the substrate. During the shaking operation, the mold insert, which is bolted to the support frame, is forced over the support frame with high force on the support. Between the pressing force transmitting, vertically opposite surfaces of support frame and mold insert a layer of damping material is inserted.

From the EP 730 936 B1 For example, a device is known in which a mold consists of a mold frame and a mold insert which is held in the mold frame by interposition of elastically prestressed damping material exists, which are handled as a form together and are not separated by the user. About flange strips on the outside of the mold frame, the mold in clamping positions of the molding machine is firmly clamped. In a device according to the WO 03/092973 The forces between the mold frame and mold insert during the Rüttelvorgangs by a thin elastic layer, with which a gap between the mold frame and mold insert is poured, collected.

From the SU 988 560 A An arrangement for fixing a mold on a Rüttelunterlage by means of cooperating horizontal and vertical bolts is known.

The DE 103 33 743 A1 describes a device for the production of concrete blocks according to the preamble of claim 1, which contains a mold frame and a mold insert held therein. Attached to the mold frame holding elements engage with interposition of fluid-filled damping elements in recesses of the mold insert. The holding elements can be arranged displaceably on the mold frame, whereby the insert can be removed from the mold frame. From the DE 951 797 C is a stone forming machine is known in which a molding box is placed on a task table and held on an engagement of guide rods and guide sleeves on the work table.

At one of the DE 203 01 954 U1 known device for shaping mixtures is a mold insert via bracing elements with a vibrating table, to which a harmonic oscillation system is attached coupled. To replace the mold, the bracing elements are released.

The invention has for its object to provide an advantageous device for the production of concrete blocks.

The invention is described in claim 1. The dependent claims contain advantageous refinements and developments of the invention.

The combination of a releasable clamping device between mold insert and vibratory pad on the one hand and a releasable holding device between a machine-side support frame and the mold insert on the other hand results in an advantageous functional separation of different compounds of the mold insert in different periods of successive manufacturing cycles. Of particular advantage is the possibility of loose coupling or preferably complete decoupling of the mold insert from the holding frame in the vibrating phase. In particular, no vertical contact forces between holding frame and mold insert are transmitted. On the other hand, the mold insert between two shaking in the engaged position of the holding devices on this with the holding frame, in particular its vertical mobility relative to the vibratory pad so rigidly coupled that a precise immersion of a pressure plate Auflastvorrichtung in the at least one mold cavity and the precise vertical position are reliably ensured by printing plates and bottom edge of the mold cavity during demolding. The insert is thus manageable as a conventional mold insert during filling and demolding. In the release position of the holding devices, the power coupling between the holding frame and mold insert on the holding device is preferably completely canceled or greatly reduced so that during the vibration process, the holding frame measurable acceleration maximum 20%, in particular maximum 10% of the acceleration on the holding means connected part of the mold insert.

The holding devices and clamping devices are automatically, in particular via a pressurized fluid, preferably hydraulically actuated. Preferably, a control device in coordination with other actuators of the molding machine controls the timely operation of the holding devices and clamping devices.

With regard to the type of Rüttelanregung there are no restrictions, in particular, the shock vibration can be used with blow bars. A vibrating device with vibration exciters between the base and a counterweight advantageously has a counterweight to the mold insert on the opposite.

The holding devices advantageously have movable, preferably automatic, sides of the holding frame connected to the forming machine operable holding elements and on the side of the mold insert only passive counter-elements for releasable engagement with the holding elements. The passive counter-elements may in particular be openings in the mold insert into which the holding elements can be inserted.

The holding elements are designed in an advantageous embodiment at least at their end facing the mold insert bolt-shaped. The opening in the mold insert is advantageously expanded on the holding frame facing away from the end of a region for the engagement of the holding elements and open at the bottom. As a result, fresh concrete, which u. U. in the area of the openings has been moved to the widening and fail down.

In another advantageous embodiment, the holding devices between the release position and the engagement position are substantially immovable and contain holding elements whose power coupling between the holding frame and mold insert is variable. In a preferred embodiment, the holding elements contain fluid-filled hollow body whose force coupling is adjustable by changing the fluid pressure via leads to the hollow bodies. For the rigid coupling in the engaged position, the hollow body are subjected to high fluid pressure, for the release position, the hollow body are subjected to low pressure or switched without pressure and thus soft in the coupling behavior. In another embodiment, the holding elements may contain magnetic coils which generate magnetic fields for the engagement position, in particular repulsive magnetic fields, wherein preferably on the side of the mold insert permanent magnets are arranged.

The extensive decoupling of the holding frame from the mold insert during the shaking process, in particular the elimination of the vertical contact forces between the holding frame and mold insert also significantly simplifies the attachment a vertically movable in the molding machine and fixed during the shaking holding frame.

The holding frame is advantageously made of only two arranged on opposite sides of the mold insert and individually connected to the molding machine retaining flanges or retaining strips. The support frame but in other embodiments, the mold insert as a U-shape to three or closed on all four sides surrounded.

The holding elements hold the mold insert in a horizontal plane advantageously in a defined position, so that no further centering for precise alignment of mold insert and printing plates of a Auflastvorrichtung are necessary. The holding elements support the mold insert in a position lifted from the vibrating support, in particular during the demolding of the compacted concrete moldings from the mold insert.

Clamping elements of the clamping devices engage advantageously from below into the mold insert in counter-elements, in particular in downwardly open and preferably closed up against the incidence of fresh concrete openings in the bottom of the mold insert. Clamping elements and counter-clamping elements are advantageously designed to rotate relative to each other. Contact surfaces for clamping the clamping devices can then advantageously be formed at least approximately as helical sections about the axis of rotation of clamping element or counter-clamping element. In a preferred embodiment, the clamping elements and counter-clamping elements engage in one another via a thread.

The clamping devices brace for the shaking the mold insert against the pad with a force which is typically sufficient to to reliably prevent a lateral displacement of the decoupled from the frame mold insert on the pad. In addition, centering elements can be provided between the vibrating pad and the mold insert, which engage positively with one another on the vibrating pad mold insert with structures and counter-structures and determine the position of the mold insert on the vibrating pad and secure against horizontal displacement of the mold insert relative to the pad. Between the metallic mold insert and the typically also metallic Rüttelunterlage can be inserted in a conventional manner, an intermediate layer, usually in the form of a wooden board, which serves mainly for the one-layer production as a support for the removal and storage of the concrete moldings ,

Fig. 1

einen Formeinsatz von einer Rüttelunterlage abgehoben,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf Formeinsatz mit Halterahmen,

Fig. 3

einen vergrößerten Schnitt entlang III - III von Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

einen vergrößerten Schnitt entlang IV- IV von Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

den Ausschnitt V von Fig. 2 vergrößert,

Fig. 6

eine bevorzugte Ausführung eines Spannelements,

Fig. 7

das Spannelement nach Fig. 6 in teilweise geschnittener Seitenansicht,

Fig. 8

einen Schnitt entlang VIII - VIII von Fig. 7,

Fig. 9 bis 21

eine Betätigungs-Abfolge für Halteeinrichtungen und Spanneinrichtungen,

Fig. 22

eine Schrägansicht eines Formeinsatzes für größere Steinhöhen auf einer Rüttelunterlage,

Fig. 23

die Anordnung von Fig. 21 von schräg unten,

Fig. 24

einen Schnitt durch eine Anordnung nach Fig. 22,

Fig. 25

einen Ausschnitt XXV aus Fig. 24,

Fig. 26

einen um einen Formeinsatz geschlossenen Halterahmen,

Fig. 27

einen hohen Formeinsatz mit Halteeinrichtungen im unteren Bereich,

Fig. 28

den Formeinsatz nach Fig. 27 von schräg unten,

Fig. 29

eine Maschinennachrüstung mit Hilfs-Halterahmen,

Fig. 30

die Anordnung nach Fig. 29 mit einem Formeinsatz nach Fig. 27,

Fig. 31

ein Beispiel mit fluidgefüllten Hohlkörpern in den Halteeinrichtungen,

Fig. 32

ein Beispiel mit Magnetspulen in den Halteeinrichtungen.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the figures still in detail. Showing:

Fig. 1

lifted a mold insert from a shaker pad,

Fig. 2

a plan view of mold insert with holding frame,

Fig. 3

an enlarged section along III - III of Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

an enlarged section along IV- IV of Fig. 2 .

Fig. 5

the section V of Fig. 2 increased

Fig. 6

a preferred embodiment of a clamping element,

Fig. 7

the clamping element after Fig. 6 in a partially sectioned side view,

Fig. 8

a section along VIII - VIII of Fig. 7 .

Fig. 9 to 21

an actuating sequence for holding devices and clamping devices,

Fig. 22

an oblique view of a mold insert for larger stone heights on a Rüttelunterlage,

Fig. 23

the arrangement of Fig. 21 from diagonally below,

Fig. 24

a section through an arrangement after Fig. 22 .

Fig. 25

a section XXV Fig. 24 .

Fig. 26

a holding frame closed around a mold insert,

Fig. 27

a high mold insert with holding devices in the lower area,

Fig. 28

the mold insert after Fig. 27 from diagonally below,

Fig. 29

a machine retrofit with auxiliary support frame,

Fig. 30

the arrangement after Fig. 29 with a mold insert after Fig. 27 .

Fig. 31

an example with fluid-filled hollow bodies in the holding devices,

Fig. 32

an example with magnetic coils in the holding devices.

Fig. 1 shows in an oblique view from above a vertically movable in a molding machine in the vertical z-direction holding frame in which vertically spaced from a Rüttelunterlage a mold insert is held.

The support frame consists in the preferred example outlined of two arranged in the horizontal γ-direction of the marked coordinate system on opposite sides of the mold insert FE retaining strips HLL, HLR. The retaining strips are permanently connected to the machine and provided for receiving various interchangeable mold inserts. The retaining strips are vertically movable in a conventional manner for holding frame by means of hydraulic cylinders and guided in vertical guides, which may also be formed by the hydraulic cylinder itself. For reasons of clarity, only the vertical guides are indicated by the molding machine. The mold insert has in a central region a stone field with a plurality of mold cavities FN, which form up and down open receptacles for fresh concrete or a similar mixture. The mold cavities essentially determine the shape of the concrete moldings produced on the mold insert. At the side of the cavity area to the retaining strips HLL, HLR out, the mold insert on connection areas ABL and ABR, which in sketched example zoom up to a narrow gap SP to the associated retaining strips. In the connection areas counter holding elements are arranged to holding devices between retaining strips and mold insert and counter-clamping elements of clamping devices for vertical clamping of the mold insert against the Rüttelunterlage, which hereinafter with reference to advantageous Embodiments are illustrated. The engaged holding means determine the horizontal position of the mold insert with respect to the retaining strips and couple the mold insert to the vertical displacement of the retaining strips along the vertical guides.

The vibratory pad is shown in the example sketched as a rectangular vibrating table RT, which can be excited to vibrations only schematically indicated vibrators RE, the vibrations preferably have predominantly vertical components. In order to stimulate the vibrations, vibrating devices which are known per se to the person skilled in the art, in particular vibratory devices which can be removed from the aforementioned prior art, can be used with harmonic unbalance vibration or shock vibration via blow bars. The amplitudes of the excited vibrations of the vibrating table are typically in a range between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.

On the mold insert facing top of the vibrating table is in a conventional manner a stone board SB, which typically consists of wood or plastic, placed. The stone board SB does not occupy the entire table width of the vibrating table RT in the γ direction. In the γ direction on both sides of the stone board, lateral areas SSL, SSR of the vibrating table are provided with clamping elements SE of clamping devices. The clamping elements protrude in the sketched embodiment on the table surface upwards and also on the underside of the table down. The counter-clamping elements of the clamping devices are arranged in the connection areas ABL, ABR of the mold insert, preferably on its underside. Particularly advantageous embodiments of such clamping devices are described below in detail. The stone board is, in particular in one-layer production as a transport and storage pad with the compacted and demolded concrete moldings from the vibrating table in the x direction shifted, which is why along this Board edge no tensioning elements over the table surface stand out, and replaced by an empty stone board.

In addition to the vibrating table and mold insert, typically a loading device is also included in the molding machine which is well known and known in the art Fig. 1 for the sake of clarity is not shown. The loading device engages stamping plates into the upper openings of the mold filled with fresh concrete and exerts pressure on the concrete during the vibration process. The printing plates also serve to reliably demould the compacted concrete moldings from the mold cavities downward by moving the mold insert relative to them upwardly after completion of the vibrating operation with substantially constant vertical relative position of stone board and printing plates and leaving the compacted concrete moldings on the stone plank.

In Fig. 2 is shown between the holding frame forming retaining strips HLL, HLR held mold insert in plan view, wherein the holding means between the holding frame and mold insert are shown partially cut. The retaining strips are shown simplified without the connection to the vertical guides of the molding machine. FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 show enlarged sections with various of the several holding devices.

The holding devices HE1, HE2, HE3 and HE4 are each formed by a holding element on the side of the retaining strip and a counter-holding element on the side of the mold insert. In an advantageous embodiment, the holding elements are transverse to each other on the gap SP opposite wall surfaces of retaining strip and mold insert, preferably substantially perpendicular to these wall surfaces linearly displaceable. The holding elements HB are advantageously bolt-like at least at their ends facing the mold insert with a western constant cross section. The counter-holding elements in the mold insert comprise in particular an opening, preferably as a bore, in the wall of the mold insert, which is slightly larger than the cross section of the bolt-shaped holding elements. Via the linear displaceability, the holding elements can be displaced between an engagement position with ends projecting into the openings GB and a release position withdrawn from the opening. The displacement takes place via arranged in the retaining strips actuating means, which are preferably designed as pressure-medium-actuated cylinder. The horizontal displacement of the holding elements allows a low overall height of the terminal areas ABL, ABR and is thus advantageously suitable for mold inserts to low heights of z. B. only a few centimeters.

The holding elements HB are secured in the retaining strips and by the engagement in the openings GB of the mold insert there against tilting about the direction of displacement and therefore stabilize in the engaged position, the position of the mold insert in each case transversely to the respective direction of displacement. To a in the plane of the Fig. 2 To ensure a clear position of the mold insert between the retaining strips, advantageously different holding devices are aligned with different displacement directions of the linearly displaceable holding elements. The holding devices HE1 and HE3 have a direction of displacement parallel to the γ direction and stabilize the position of the mold insert against relative displacements of the mold insert and holding frame in the x and in the z direction, the holding means HE2 and HE4 act with positional parallel to the x direction displacement directions against relative displacements in γ and z directions. Thus, stabilization of the position of the mold insert in the holding frame in all directions is ensured with simply designed holding devices. For the different orientations of the individual holding devices, the course of the Column SP in the drawing plane of the Fig. 2 advantageously deviated from a linear course deviating. For the gap, other equivalent courses are possible. When the mold insert is surrounded on several sides by the holding frame, in particular holding elements can also be arranged on frame sections extending in the γ-direction.

The gap is preferably only air-filled. From above incident dirt can fall down. In order to avoid that dirt particles, which in the release position of the holding devices are attached to holding elements HB and / or openings GB are pressed into the openings when changing to the engagement position, these openings are gradually filled, the openings GB are widened at the ends facing away from the holding strips , The widenings ER are advantageously open at the bottom. As a result, dirt particles passing into the opening are displaced beyond the engagement area of the opening GB into the widening ER when the retaining element HB is moved into the engagement position and drop downwards. In the gap, additional stop elements, preferably made of elastic material for limiting the movement of the mold insert relative to the holding frame in the x-y plane may be provided. The gap may be provided in another embodiment with a sealing device for sealing against the ingress of dirt, but which should be easily deformable and neither vertical holding forces for lifting the mold insert of the Rüttelunterlage nor vertical contact forces during the Rüttelvorgangs has applied and no appreciable shares the shaking movement of the mold insert is to be transferred to the retaining strips.

In Fig. 3 is the holding device HE1 as a section along III - III of Fig. 2 shown. A holding element HB is sketched here in an intermediate position between the extended position and complete engagement in the cylindrical engagement region of the opening GB. The opening has at its the retaining strip HLL opposite end an expansion ER on, which is open at the bottom. Out Fig. 3 can also be deduced that the lower boundary plane UE of the mold insert in the region of the mold cavity is lower than the lower surface of the terminal region ABL. The surface of the mold insert is in the example outlined in an upper boundary plane OE from the region of the mold cavities on the connection area ABL continuous, but may also be stepped or have a cover plate or a rail for a filling carriage in a conventional manner. The height of the mold insert between the upper and lower boundary of the mold cavities is denoted by EH.

In the connection area ABL is also still a counter-clamping element GS a clamping device indicated. In Fig. 2 Positions of several such counter-clamping elements GS are indicated in the connection areas.

Fig. 4 shows a section through the holding device HE2 along IV - IV of Fig. 2 , From this view, the preferred circular symmetric cross section of holding element HB and opening GB can be seen as well as the advantageous extension of the expansion ER also down.

Fig. 5 shows the holding device HE3 as a cutout V from Fig. 2 in partially cutaway view. The widening ER is approximately half a truncated cone in the sketched example.

The mold insert is, as already Fig. 1 designed to be clamped by releasable clamping devices against the vibratory pad to prevent uncontrolled lifting of the mold insert from the vibrating table RT and the stone board SB during the shaking process. The clamping devices comprise clamping elements SE on the side of the vibrating table in lateral areas SSL, SSR and counter-clamping elements on the side of the mold insert, preferably on the underside of the connection areas ABL, ABR, which can detachably mesh with each other and can apply a high vertical clamping force between vibrating table and mold insert.

In Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 is outlined a preferred embodiment of clamping elements. The sketched clamping element contains in particular a about a vertical screw axis SA rotatable clamping screw SS, which is supported on the vibrating table against tensile forces upwards. The clamping screw engages with its screw thread SG in a mating thread GG as a counter-clamping element in the mold insert FE, preferably in a connection area ABL, ABR as to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 already explained, and clamped when tightening the threaded connection mold insert and vibrating vertically against each other. The turning of the clamping screw is preferably carried out by a motor MO.

Advantageously, a guide sleeve HS and the motor MO to a in Fig. 6 in oblique view, in Fig. 7 in partially sectioned side view and in Fig. 8 as a section along VIII - VIII of Fig. 7 outline unit connected as a clamping element. The clamping screw S is supported with its screw head SK on the sleeve HS and guided with its shaft through the sleeve upwards.

A drive shaft MW of the engine engages, z. B. a polygon, in the sketch to Fig. 8 a square cross-section in the screw head SK, so that rotation of the screw and rotation of the motor shaft are coupled. The motor shaft is only inserted in the screw head, so that in case of a defect or wear components of the clamping element can be replaced individually.

Motor MO and sleeve HS are connected in the example outlined on more screws ST and kept at a defined distance. The sleeve HS can be inserted into the vibrating table from below and / or be welded into the vibrating table. The structure of the sleeve HS can be formed even without the sleeve as a separate component in the table body of the vibrating table itself.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the clamping screw SS against a restoring force in the direction of placement of the mold insert on the vibrating table, ie be displaced in the z-direction. Such a restoring force is in the example of FIGS. 7 to 9 applied by a compression spring VS. The displaceability against the restoring force allows the placement of the mold insert on the vibrating table RT or the stone board SB before the clamping screw SS is screwed with its screw thread into a counter thread GG as a counter-clamping element on the side of the mold insert. The clamping screw is then at its upper end under the action of the restoring force of the spring VS at the entrance of the counter thread GG, which in Fig. 7 in the bottom of a connection region ABR of a mold insert FE is indicated.

For the displaceability of the clamping screw, the seat WA in the screw head for the drive shaft MW of the motor in the z-direction is sufficiently deep to allow immersion of the end of the driving motor shaft MW in the recording upon displacement of the screw down.

The support of the clamping screw SS in the sleeve against vertical tensile forces advantageously takes place via conical bearing surfaces AF of the sleeve and the screw head, whereby any incidental dirt particles along the sloping surfaces fail down.

In Fig. 9 to Fig. 21 For example, in side elevational view in the x direction, a mold insert with retaining strips and a vibratory pad are shown at several stages of a manufacturing cycle in a molding machine, with overall side views and enlarged details shown. For reasons of clarity, the vibrator device, the vertical guide of the retaining strips, the load-bearing device and other assemblies of the molding machine are not shown.

In Fig. 9 the mold insert FE is held with engaged holding means in the retaining strips HLL, HLR of the mold insert and vertically spaced from the Rüttelunterlage with vibrating table RT and stone board SB. The in Fig. 10 enlarged cutout X out Fig. 9 shows that a holding element HB engages from the retaining strip HLR via the gap SP in the counter-holding element in the connection area ABR of the mold insert. The clamping elements SE on the side of the vibrating table are not in contact with the counter-clamping elements of the mold insert. The clamping screw SS is pressed by the restoring force of the spring VS in the clamping element in its upper position in the connected to the vibrating table sleeve HS.

When lowering the mold insert with holding frame in the arrow directions of FIGS. 9 and 10 the upper ends of the clamping screws SS come into contact with the entry of the mating thread in the mold insert. The clamping screws are pressed counter to the restoring forces of the springs in the clamping elements in the sleeves HS down until the lower boundary plane UE of the mold insert in Fig. 11 reached the upper surface of the stone board SB and the mold insert is deposited on the pad. The in Fig. 12 shown section XII Fig. 11 illustrates in an enlarged scale that the mold insert is set down on the stone board and the clamping screw SS does not engage in the mating thread GG, but is displaced downwards in the sleeve.

The holding element HB is still in engagement with the counter-holding element in the mold insert, but in this position, in the ideal case substantially free of stress, since the weight of the mold insert now rests on the stone board SB.

In a next step, in which mold insert FE, holding frame HLL, HLR and vibrating table RT with stone board SB according to Fig. 13 in to Fig. 11 unchanged position, all clamping screws SS are screwed into the mating thread SS, as in Fig. 14 as section XIV Fig. 13 clearly visible. The holding elements HB of the holding devices are unchanged in engagement with the counter-holding elements.

Subsequently, the holding devices with a further unchanged relative position of mold insert FE, holding frame HLL, HLR and vibrating table RT with stone board SB after Fig. 15 solved by the holding elements HB are withdrawn from the counter-holding elements GB of the mold insert. Mold insert FE and holding frame with retaining strips HLL, HLR are now completely decoupled from each other and separated by the gap SP, as in Fig. 16 as a cutout XVI Fig. 15 is clarified.

The actuation of the clamping devices can advantageously be carried out in two stages, wherein in a first stage, all clamping screws are screwed with low torque in the mating thread and in a second stage tightening the screws with high torque to achieve a strong vertical tension. The high torque tightening in the second stage may occur before or even after release of the retainers.

The subsequent operations of filling the mold cavities of mold insert FE with fresh concrete, the retraction of printing plates of Auflastvorrichtung in the upper openings of the mold cavities and the vibration process with vibration excitation of the vibrating table, while the mold insert firmly clamped to the vibrating table or the stone board vertically are well known and therefore not shown separately.

During the shaking operation, the mold insert, together with the vibrating table and the stone board, performs vibrating movements relative to the holding frame fixed in the molding machine. The pressure plates of the loader further lower in the degree of compaction of the concrete in the mold cavities.

After completion of the shaking process are in Fig. 17 Mold insert, holding frame and vibrating table again in the same relative position as in Fig. 15 and the holding devices are brought back into engagement position by the holding elements HB are pushed back into the counter holding elements GB over the gap SP, as in Fig. 18 as a section of VIII Fig. 17 is apparent. The pressure plates of the Auflastvorrichtung (not shown) are in the lowered position in the mold cavities. The clamping screws are still screwed into the mating thread.

In the next step according to Fig. 19 and the enlarged section XX in Fig. 20 the clamping screws are unscrewed from the mating threads GG, the mold insert is placed on the stone board and the clamping screws SS are pressed in the sleeves HS down.

The order of engagement of the retainers and release of the tensioners may also be reversed.

The mold insert can now by moving the holding frame up in the in Fig. 21 shown position are lifted from the stone board, but with the load device AL drawn here is not lifted and the pressure plates DP hold the compacted concrete moldings BK on the stone board, so that when lifting the mold insert FE the concrete moldings BK are removed from the mold cavities. When lifting the mold insert, the clamping screws are pressed by the restoring forces of the springs back in the sleeves in their upper position. The vertical position of the holding frame and the mold insert must be maintained relatively accurately, so that the concrete moldings are reliably expressed from the mold cavities, but the printing plates still remain in the mold cavities.

After lifting the Auflastvorrichtung in a position above the mold insert, removing the stone board with the compacted concrete moldings and inserting an empty stone board on the vibrating table is again in Fig. 9 sketched starting position for a new cycle reached.

The vertical movement of the mold insert relative to vibrating table and / or Auflastvorrichtung can also be done in fixed in the molding machine holding frame and vertical movements of vibrating table or Auflastvorrichtung.

The operation of the holding frame and the Auflastvorrichtung in the molding machine, the operation of the holding devices and the clamping devices and the vibrator and the coordinated control optionally further operations within a cycle is advantageously carried out automatically or partially automatically by a control unit of the molding machine with manual triggering of individual cycle steps. Compared to conventional controls of molding machines in particular the timely involvement of the operation of holding devices and clamping devices is important. To monitor the correct operation of all elements sensors can be provided for the current position of holding elements and / or clamping elements or of corresponding additional elements.

The functions of the exemplary described holding devices which secure the mold insert in all directions in a defined position relative to the holding frame, can also be divided on the vertical position of the holding frame and mold insert coupling support elements without centering on the one hand and the horizontal position of the mold insert relative to the support frame in an xy plane determining centering on the other hand, which are actuated simultaneously or successively.

In Fig. 22 is in an oblique view from above and in Fig. 23 sketched from below a combination of support frame, mold insert and vibrating table with stone board, in which the mold insert has a much greater height between the lower and upper boundary plane of the stone field with the mold cavities. The handling of this mold insert is carried out substantially the same as in the preceding examples described in detail, but here are formed on the mold insert counter-holding elements in the z-direction clearly spaced from the counter-clamping elements. In general, for a preferred mold system having a plurality of mold inserts of different height for use in a device of the type according to the invention, the position of the counter-holding elements and the counter-clamping elements in the x- and γ-directions is substantially the same for all the different shapes, and the relative vertical Position DG of the counter-clamping elements for all different shapes in the z-direction with respect to the lower boundary plane UE of the mold inserts is the same. Advantageously, in addition, the position DH of the counter-holding elements in the z-direction with respect to the upper boundary plane OE for all mold inserts is the same. The mentioned relative position sizes in the z-direction are in Fig. 25 on an enlarged section from the sectional view Fig. 24 by a combination after FIGS. 22 and 23 with a mold insert FE whose arbitrary height HEV is indicated by the horizontal interruption illustrated. The mold inserts of different heights can then be used particularly advantageously with the same holding frame with holding elements and the same vibrating table with clamping elements, and show without further structures in each case a uniform upper side with the upper boundary plane OE

In order to keep the weight proportion of the connection area with counter-holding elements and counter-clamping elements low even at higher mold inserts, the connection area below an upper plate portion AP, in which the counter-holding elements are indicated, compared to a solid block shape to the arranged on the underside of the mold insert counter-clamping elements larger recesses AA exhibit. The counter-clamping elements are in the example of FIGS. 22 and 23 arranged on the undersides of material webs MS.

In Fig. 26 is outlined in oblique view a combination of a mold insert with this surrounding on all four sides closed support frame HR.

In order to prevent lateral displacement in the x- or γ-direction of the clamped against the vibrating table and decoupled from the holding frame mold insert relative to the vibrating during the shaking, additional centering between vibrating and mold insert may be provided which are provided when placing the mold insert, which at Placing the mold insert on the vibrating table or during clamping by means of the clamping devices engage and in addition to the high-strength Fixing the mold insert on the vibrating table in the xy plane still cause a positive position securing.

While in FIGS. 22 to 25 in the case of higher mold inserts in a preferred embodiment, it is assumed that the holding devices between the machine-side holding frame and the mold insert lie in the defined upper level DH of the mold insert DH and thus always without additional structure a constant upper limit over which the filling carriage is guided given is, may be given in another embodiment, a certain constant altitude between the holding devices and the lower boundary plane UE of the mold insert. Such a design is far more adapted to conventional molding machines, as they usually proceed with a machine-side clamping bar for receiving a flange of an interchangeable mold for placing the mold insert on the stone board or the vibrating table, the clamping bar up to a fixed stop in the machine down.

In Fig. 27 is from diagonally above and in Fig. 28 sketched obliquely from below a mold insert, wherein at the bottom of a base plate GP as connection area the stone field with the several mold star laterally surmounted and contains both the counter holding elements of the holding devices in the form of holes GB with extensions ER and the counter-clamping elements in the form of mating thread GG. At the level of the upper boundary plane of the mold insert, the area of the stone field is widened laterally by a cover plate HP. The outer edges of the cover plate form connecting edges AKM for machine-side supports or guide plates, which are arranged on several sides adjacent to the cover plate during the filling process. The cover plate HP is supported by gussets KN, which are attached to side surfaces of the insert and preferably extend to the base plate GP.

In Fig. 29 is such a mold insert FEL at any height HEL in side view and in Fig. 30 an enlarged section XXX out of it sketched. In this embodiment, with holding elements of the holding devices arranged in the lower region of the mold insert FEL, the counter holding elements GB are arranged in a relative height position DHL which is the same for all mold inserts with respect to the lower boundary plane UE of the mold insert. The position of the counter holding elements is defined by a defined line of the counter holding elements, for. B. represents the center axis of a hole.

In Fig. 31 an advantageous possibility of supplementing existing molding machines is sketched to a device according to the invention. Conventional molding machines each have on both sides of a receiving space for a mold or a mold insert a machine flange MF with a predetermined connection pattern for a mold. The shape in turn has on opposite sides depending on a flange in the machine flange corresponding design.

In Fig. 31 In a conventional molding machine, the machine flanges MF are each provided with a retaining strip HL, which in the sense of the present invention have machine-side holding elements HB of the holding devices between the forming frame and the mold insert. The retaining strips HL can be permanently connected to the machine flanges for use with several different inserts, e.g. B. bolted or welded, or clamped on the type of common form flanges only on the machine flanges and each be interchangeable with the mold insert. In Fig. 32 is a device after Fig. 31 with inserted mold insert outlined. Connections for actuating the retaining elements HB, in particular pressure medium connections and lines are preferably provided exclusively in the retaining strips HL.

For the designs of the holding devices and the clamping devices in detail, a plurality of other solutions are familiar to the person skilled in the art and known, for example, wedge surfaces or hydraulic cylinders for the clamping devices, pivotable holding elements.

Claims (21)

1. Device for the production of at least one moulded concrete block by the compaction of fresh concrete in a moulding machine having a holding frame (HLL, HLR, HR) on the machine, a vibrating base (RT) and a mould insert (FE) having at least one mould cavity (FN), which frame is capable of being held on the base (RT) during a vibration process and is capable of vertical displacement relative to the base (RT) for the purpose of demoulding the, at least one, compacted moulded concrete block from the mould cavity (FN), characterized in that

   - clamping means (SE) for clamping the mould insert (FE) to the base (RT) and holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) for holding the mould insert (FE) in the holding frame (HLL, HLR, HR) are provided,

   - holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) and clamping means (SE) are capable of automatic actuation,

   - during a vibration process, the clamping means (SE) clamp the mould insert (FE) to the base (RT), and the holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) are in a release position between the mould insert (FE) and the holding frame (HLL, HLR, HR),

   - for the purpose of demoulding, the clamping means (SE) are released and the holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) are in an engagement position, and

   - the force coupling between the mould insert (FE) and the holding frame (HLL, HLR, HR) in the release position of the holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) is lower than in its engagement position.
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that a control means controls the actuation of the holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) and/or the clamping means (SE) in the course of a manufacturing cycle.
3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holding frame exhibits at least two horizontally opposed holding rails (HLL, HLR) enclosing the mould insert between them.
4. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the holding frame surrounds the mould insert (FE) on three sides or encloses it on all sides.
5. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) hold the mould insert in all directions in a defined position relative to the holding frame (HLL, HLR, HR).
6. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) contain displaceable, in particular linearly displaceable, holding elements between a holding frame (HLL, HLR, HR) and a mould insert (FE).
7. Device according to Claim 6, characterized in that various holding elements (HB) are displaceable in different directions, in particular directions that are orthogonal to one another.
8. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that holding elements (HB) engage in holding openings (GB) in the mould insert (FE).
9. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the openings exhibit widened areas (ER) facing away from the holding frame (HLL, HLR, HR).
10. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the widened areas (ER) are open at the bottom.
11. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) contain fixed holding elements (HB) that are variable in their force coupling.
12. Device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the holding elements (HB) that are variable in their force coupling are fluid-filled cavities and, for the purpose of varying the force coupling, the fluid pressure is variable via supply lines to the cavities.
13. Device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the holding elements (HB) that are variable in their force coupling contain solenoid coils.
14. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the clamping means (SE) contain a clamping element (SS) that is capable of rotating.
15. Device according to Claim 14, characterized in that the clamping element (SS) that is capable of rotating is arranged on the side of the vibrating base (RT) and, for the purpose of clamping, engages in a counter-clamping element (GG) on the side of the mould insert (FE).
16. Device according to Claim 15, characterized in that the counter-clamping element (GG) is embodied as an opening in the underside of the mould insert (FE).
17. Device according to Claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the clamping element (SS) and/or the counter-clamping element (GG) exhibit(s) a contact surface in the form of a helical section about the axis of rotation (SA) of the clamping element.
18. Device according to Claim 14, characterized in that the clamping element and the counter-clamping element engage in one another by means of a thread (SG, GG).
19. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the clamping element (SS) and the counter-clamping element (GG) are in contact with one another, on the side of the base (RT) and on the side of the mould insert (FE) respectively, when the mould insert is placed on the base before reaching the end position, and are capable of displacement against a restoring force in the direction of placement and, once the mould insert has been placed on the base, are in preloaded contact with one another under the effect of the restoring force.
20. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that centring devices are provided between the base (RT) and the mould insert (FE).
21. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that clamping means (SE) and/or holding means (HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4) are capable of being actuated, in particular hydraulically, by means of a pressurized fluid.

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