Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
  • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
  • B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
  • C21B13/0033—In fluidised bed furnaces or apparatus containing a dispersion of the material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
  • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
  • F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
  • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
  • B01J2219/00247—Fouling of the reactor or the process equipment

Definitions

• the invention relates to a distributor plate, in particular a nozzle distributor plate, for the uniform introduction of, in particular charged with solid particles, process gas, optionally to form a fluidized bed, in a arranged above the distributor tray process space formed by reactor walls of a reactor for metallurgical, especially thermal, treatment of feedstocks wherein the distributor bottom has a plurality of openings.
• Manifold bases are used for the controlled introduction or distribution of a process gas into a reactor.
• Such reactors operate e.g. according to the principle of the fluidized bed, wherein a process gas stream mostly lumpy Good, which is to be processed in the reactor, holds in a fluidized bed.
• the object of the invention is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
• Sticking is a problem especially in the reactor in areas of lower flow velocity, since there is little fluidizing and therefore little impulse is available for breaking up solid-solid bridges. Frequently, the caking in the region of the distributor plate occur on the reactor walls.
• the openings close to the wall are arranged at a distance from the reactor walls such that their center distance is in each case at most 1 to 10 times, in particular 2 times, the opening diameter. Under wall near a range of about 5 to 20% of the diameter is measured from the outer edge understood. Compared to the prior art, the openings are thus positioned much closer to the reactor walls.
• a special embodiment of the distributor base according to the invention provides that the ratio of the distance of the central axis of a wall-near opening from the central axis of the distributor base, based on the radius of the distributor base, is 0.9-1. This special embodiment allows an advantageous flow and thus formation of a fluidized bed.
• the openings close to the wall are arranged circularly in 1 to 5, in particular 3, circles.
• the special shape of the arrangement allows in particular in reactors with round cross-sections an advantageous flow or the entry of process gas into the reactor. In this way wall-near areas of the distribution floor without openings can be avoided and areas which tend to caking can be excluded.
• the openings per circle can be arranged at equal distances from the wall.
• the angular position of the openings in each of the circles can be varied according to the flow adjustment needs.
• this arrangement of the openings for reactors that have no round but eg a square cross-section.
• the openings near the wall in FIGS. 1 to 5, in particular in FIG. 2 are arranged parallel to an inner reactor wall.
• This embodiment is found especially in reactors with e.g. angular cross-section application.
• the inventive arrangement the flow conditions can be advantageously adjusted.
• At least one of the near-wall openings is arranged in alignment with at least one of the reactor walls.
• the arrangement of the near-wall openings is such that an alignment of the axis of the opening with the nearest reactor wall is given, so that the axis of the opening is at least parallel to the wall.
• a particular embodiment of the distributor floor according to the invention provides that at least one of the wall-near openings encloses an angle of ⁇ 15 °, preferably ⁇ 5 °, with at least one of the reactor walls.
• flows can be directed relative to at least one of the walls and caking can be selectively prevented
• the openings are at least partially arranged on circles, wherein the openings of at least two circles are circumferentially offset from each other, in particular such that the openings of a next inner circle between the openings of the outer circle. Due to the radial distribution of the openings, an even more uniform distribution of the process gas can be achieved.
• the number of near-wall openings per unit area at the edge region of the distributor base is greater than that of the wall-distant openings per unit area at the wall-remote region of the distributor base. Due to the larger number of openings in the the area of the reactor walls, it is possible to influence the flow situation so that caking can be effectively avoided. In particular, caking in critical areas of a reactor, such as in corners, can be avoided by the locally larger number of openings and the local flow situation can be improved accordingly.
• the near-wall openings have a larger diameter relative to the openings remote from the wall, preferably by 10 to 50%, in particular 20%, larger diameter, so that more process gas can be introduced in the areas close to the wall.
• a larger diameter relative to the openings remote from the wall preferably by 10 to 50%, in particular 20%, larger diameter, so that more process gas can be introduced in the areas close to the wall.
• At least one of the wall-near openings is arranged inclined parallel to one of the reactor walls and / or relative to the normal on the distributor base at an angle of ⁇ 15 °, preferably ⁇ 5 °.
• the openings can be tilted to initiate a targeted, with respect to the main flow direction of the process gas inclined flow relative to the normal to the distributor tray. Again, this measure sets a targeted near-wall flow and thus prevents caking.
• the inclination is aligned in the radial direction, so that the openings can be directed against at least one of the walls or directed away from it.
• the opening diameter, the gas pressure and the spatial position of the process gas jet, which form when exiting the openings can be determined. Due to the additional flow component in the transverse direction, the flow can be influenced or optimized even more flexible.
• At least one of the openings close to the wall is oriented relative to the reactor wall such that the reactor wall is hit by the process gas jet formed at the opening at the calculated penetration depth.
• At least one of the openings close to the wall is oriented relative to the reactor wall in such a way that the reactor wall is hit by the process gas jet formed at the opening at 70-130%, preferably 90-110%, of the calculated penetration depth , It has been shown from operating experiments that an optimal operating state is achieved with this specific process control.
• the wall-near openings are aligned differently than the openings remote from the wall. Due to the uneven alignment of near-wall or remote openings, the influence of the reactor walls on the forming flow situation can be specifically influenced. Above all, this makes it possible to set special flow situations, so that reactors can also be improved or optimized in the event of caking by means of an adapted distributor tray.
• a possible arrangement of the openings could provide an orientation against the reactor walls for the near-wall openings, while the nozzles remote from the wall can be aligned normally on the distributor floor.
• An advantageous embodiment of the distributor base according to the invention provides that at least one of the openings has a position-adjustable nozzle.
• a nozzle By installing a nozzle, it is possible to set the flow situation at the opening even more targeted.
• the flow at the nozzle and thus the jet formed at the nozzle can be set independently of the distributor plate itself.
• the nozzle can be made of a different material than the distributor base and thus made more cost-effective and adapted to the process.
• the position of the nozzle ie the axis of the nozzle relative to the distributor base, the flow situation can be adjusted in a targeted manner, whereby the flow on the reactor walls can be determined even more precisely and caking in the nozzle and guide tube region can be avoided.
• the position adjustable nozzle comprises a guide tube, wherein the inner diameter of the guide tube is 1 to 10 times, preferably 2 to 7 times, of the smallest nozzle diameter is.
• the guide tube Through the guide tube, the flow to the nozzle is stabilized and thus achieved a further improvement. Due to the large dimensioning of the guide tube compared to the nozzle, a very good flow and an undisturbed flow at the nozzle can be ensured.
• the use of a guide tube can limit the range of high speeds to a relatively small range by using a short nozzle. This caking can be avoided.
• servicing the distributor tray such as e.g. When replacing a nozzle, this work does not take place directly at the distributor bottom, but at the guide tube, so that a longer service life can be achieved for the distributor plate.
• the length of the guide tube corresponds to at least 70% of the thickness of the distributor base.
• the length of the guide tube can the structural conditions, such. be adapted to the distributor base construction and, where appropriate, their Tragre- construction, so that the desired flow situation can be adjusted.
• the guide tube is made of refractory material, so that long service life can be achieved even in processes with high thermal stress.
• the nozzle axis is arranged inclined relative to the axis of the guide tube and / or to the opening in the distributor base.
• This arrangement allows e.g. a straight flow through the process gas in the guide tube. Due to the inclination of the nozzle axis relative to the axis of the guide tube, the flows at the respective nozzles and thus the layers of process gas jets can be advantageously adapted. Any flow patterns are adjustable with it.
• the guide tube has a kink.
• This design allows the use of a nozzle in the first straight part of the guide tube, wherein the axis of the further straight part is usually normal on the distributor base. Again, the spatial position of the nozzle can be advantageously adjusted by the measure.
• An advantageous embodiment of the distributor plate according to the invention provides that the nozzle has a substantially cylindrical or conical nozzle opening. Both nozzle shapes are characterized by a simple shape and are therefore inexpensive to manufacture. In addition, these basic shapes allow adaptation to the process conditions in the process space, so that the process gas jets are adjustable with regard to their shape and turbulence and thus with regard to penetration depth.
• the nozzle is made of metal.
• Metal nozzles have proven to be inexpensive and mechanically stable and proven in operating tests. In addition, they are easy to work.
• the nozzle is connected to the distributor base or to the guide tube by means of a welded connection or via a flange.
• Fig. 1 shows the distributor tray according to the invention schematically in plan view
• Fig. 2 shows the distributor tray according to the invention equipped with nozzles in view in a reactor.
• Fig. 3 shows the distributor tray according to the invention equipped with nozzles and guide tubes in view in a reactor
• Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of the distributor plate in a reactor
• Fig. 5 shows the distributor tray according to the invention in a special embodiment
• FIG. 1 shows a distributor floor in plan view.
• the openings 5, 6 or the built-in nozzles and guide tubes in the distributor base are indicated only schematically by small circles.
• the reactor is of circular shape.
• the arrangement of the near-wall openings 5 takes place here on a circle 8, so that the near-wall Openings 5 all have the same distance from the reactor wall.
• the arrangement of the near-wall openings can also take place in more than one circle 8, wherein these circles are each arranged concentrically with respect to the reactor center.
• the wall-distant openings 6 can be arranged both in a different pattern and in a different number per unit area of the wall-distant distributor base. To optimize the flow, the arrangement of all openings can be adapted to the reactor or the process.
• FIG. 1 also shows the geometric orientation of a cylindrical nozzle 7 close to the wall, wherein the direction X represents a radial jet.
• the inclination angle of the nozzle ⁇ can be adjusted as needed.
• Fig. 2 shows the distributor tray according to the invention arranged in a reactor in a sectional view in view.
• the reactor is indicated by its reactor walls 4.
• the inventive design of the distributor tray 1 prevents deposits on the distributor tray 1 and on the reactor walls 4.
• the nozzles 7 can be inclined with respect to their axis or used parallel to the normal to the distributor base 1.
• the inventive arrangement of the near-wall nozzles which may also be directed against the reactor wall 4, which are not shown in detail in FIG.
• nozzles 7 are indicated with the guide tubes 8 in the distributor tray 1.
• a guide tube is indicated with a bend 9 so that the flow to the nozzle 7 and the direction of the process gas jet can be adjusted accordingly.
• the distributor plate 1 is arranged with openings in a reactor 10, wherein the reactor walls 4 are guided over the distributor plate relative to this inclined.
• Fig. 5 is a special embodiment of the distributor base 1, wherein the near-wall openings 5 are arranged in rows.
• the near-wall openings 5 are arranged in a region having a radius greater than X and smaller than the reactor internal diameter R of the central axis C.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
• Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Families Citing this family (7)

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• 2006
  • 2006-12-20 CA CA2634862A patent/CA2634862C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-12-20 EP EP06829773A patent/EP1962998A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-12-20 JP JP2008546242A patent/JP2009520584A/ja active Pending
  • 2006-12-20 US US12/158,826 patent/US8221674B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-12-20 RU RU2008130409/05A patent/RU2418628C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-12-20 AU AU2006334754A patent/AU2006334754B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2006-12-20 BR BRPI0620401-5A patent/BRPI0620401A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-12-20 WO PCT/EP2006/012292 patent/WO2007079939A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2006-12-21 TW TW095148124A patent/TW200741012A/zh unknown
  • 2006-12-26 AR ARP060105785A patent/AR063658A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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