Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/32—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C235/34—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
  • C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
  • C07C51/377—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
  • C07C57/13—Dicarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C57/64—Acyl halides
  • C07C57/66—Acyl halides with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
  • C07C59/58—Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/64—Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups containing six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
  • C07C59/76—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups
  • C07C59/90—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups containing singly bound oxygen-containing groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
  • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of chiral octenoic acid derivatives, which are important intermediates in the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
• the invention also relates to novel intermediates used in the process for the preparation of said octenoic acid derivatives.
• WO 02/02508, WO 02/08172 and WO 01/09083 disclose chiral octenoic acid derivatives of the general formula (I) as important intermediates, in particular in the multistage preparation of the renin inhibitor with the designation "aliskiren” (CAN: 173334-57-1 ) of Novartis.
• the chiral phenyl-substituted octenoic acid derivatives are then synthesized from two chiral blocks, one unit comprising a chiral 3-phenyl-2-isopropyl-propyl halide (known from WO 02/02487 and WO 02/02500) and the other unit a chiral 5-halogen 2-isopropyl-pent-4-enoic acid (described in WO 01/09079 and WO 02/092828), which are combined to the target product.
• Both chiral blocks are prepared separately via complex multi-step syntheses as described in the above-mentioned documents.
• the overall manufacturing process for the chiral phenyl substituted octenoic acid derivatives of the general formula (I) is very complex, moreover involves an asymmetric hydrogenation step in which a very expensive, not readily available homogeneous chiral Rh catalyst is necessary, making the process as a whole very costly ,
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a simplified production process for octenoic acid derivatives of the general formula (I).
• R 1 and R 2 independently represent hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy or alkoxyalkoxy;
• R 3 is a carbon hetero group containing at least one heteroatom selected from O or N, having at least one carbon-heteroatom multiple bond at the C-1 position, such as COOR 6 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or trialkylsilyl ; nitrile; C (O) R 7 , wherein R 7 is hydrogen, halogen, O ' , OM, wherein M is alkali metal or one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, OCOR 12 , wherein R 12 is branched lower alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably pivaloyl, OCOCF 3 , OSO 2 CH 3 or OSO 2 CF 3 or a protecting or activating group such as C (O) N-alkyl-O-alkyl or C (O) NR 4 R 5 where R 4 and R 5 are independently R 4 and R 5 together with the nitrogen form a five to six membered heterocyclic ring system which may optionally have 1 to
• R 3 is independently as defined above under the formula (I);
• Y represents halogen, metal, metal halide, metal alkoxide or metal carboxylate
• R 1 and R 2 are as defined above under the formula (I),
• Y is hydrogen
• R 1 is a protected hydroxy function such as a trifluoromethanesulfonate or trifluoroacetate group
• R 2 is as defined above under the formula (I),
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above under the formula (I);
• the dotted line represents a single or double bond
• R 5 is O or NR 8 wherein R 8 is hydrogen or alkyl, if the dotted line represents a double bond, or
• R 5 is OH or NR 8 R 9 wherein R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl when the dotted line represents a single bond;
• R 3 is as defined above under formula (I);
• Z is a leaving group such as halogen, mesyl, tosyl or triflate
• compound of the formula (II) is employed as a mixture of the stereoisomers.
• the process according to the invention preferably comprises an isomer separation step before or after one of the addition or reduction steps.
• the separation of the isomers can in known manner, for. B. by various crystallization techniques, chromatography, etc. in one or more steps.
• the process according to the invention additionally comprises an isomerization or racemization of the undesired isomers in addition to the isomer separation step mentioned.
• radicals in the formula (I) have the following meanings:
• R 1 hydroxy or branched or unbranched lower alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n- and i-propoxy, n-, i- and t-butoxy or pentoxy, aryloxy, such as phenyloxy, naphthyloxy or derivatives thereof, or Benzyloxy or branched or unbranched alkoxyalkoxy having in each case 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms in the alkoxy group, such as 1-methoxymethoxy, 1-methoxy-2-ethoxy, 1-methoxy-3-propoxy, 1-methoxy-4-butoxy, etc., more preferably 1-methoxymethoxy, 1-methoxy-2-ethoxy, 1-methoxy-3-propoxy, 1-methoxy-4-butoxy, especially 1-methoxy-3-propoxy,
• R 2 hydroxy or branched or unbranched lower alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n- and i-propoxy, n-, i- and t-butoxy or pentoxy, aryloxy, such as phenyloxy, naphthyloxy or derivatives thereof, or Benzyloxy or branched or unbranched alkoxyalkoxy having in each case 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms in the alkoxy group, such as 1-methoxymethoxy, 1-methoxy-2-ethoxy, 1-methoxy-3-propoxy, 1-methoxy-4-butoxy, etc., more preferably methoxy
• R 3 COOR 6 where R 6 is hydrogen, branched or unbranched
• MOPO is methoxypropoxy and R 6 is as defined above under formula (I).
• R 3 is independently carboxy or nitrile.
• the addition reaction is carried out with a compound of formula (III) wherein Y is various metals such as alkali metals or metal halide or metal alkoxide or metal carboxylate wherein the metal is Mg, Al, B 1 Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn and Sn can be.
• Y is particularly preferably Li, Na, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, MgCl or MgBr.
• the reduction is done in one or two steps, e.g. B. with metal hydrides or trialkylsilane in the presence of acids or with Lewis acids.
• the compound of the formula (VII) is prepared in an additional amidation in a known manner to give the compound of the formula (VIII)
• the process of the invention preferably comprises a further alkylation step for conversion of R 1 in alkoxy or alkoxyalkoxy.
• the invention further relates to compounds of the formula (IIa)
• R 10 is a carbon hetero group containing at least one heteroatom selected from O or N 1 having at least one carbon heteroatom multiple bond at the C-1 position, such as COOR 6 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or trialkylsilyl stands; nitrile; C (O) R 7 , wherein R 7 is hydrogen, halogen, O " , OM, wherein M is alkali metal or one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, OCOR 12 , wherein R 12 is branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably pivaloyl or OCOCF 3 , OSO 2 CH 3 or OSO 2 CF 3 or a protecting or activating group, such as C (O) N-alkyl-O-alkyl or C (O) NR 4 R 5 , wherein R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, trialkylsilyl or R 4 and R 5 together
• a preferred group of the compounds of the formula (IIa) according to the invention are (S.S) -enantiomers of the formula (IIb)
• R 10 is C (O) R 7 , wherein R 7 is hydrogen, halogen, O ' , OM, where M is alkali metal, one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal , OCOR 12 , wherein R 12 is branched lower alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably pivaloyl or OCOCF 3 , OSO 2 CH 3 or OSO 2 CF 3 , nitrile or COOR 6 , wherein R 6 is as defined above under formula (I) , and preferably is hydrogen. More preferably R 10 is each independently nitrile or COCl or COBr or COOR 6 , wherein R 6 is as defined above under formula (I), preferably hydrogen.
• the invention further relates to compounds of the formula (IV)
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above under the formula (I);
• the dotted line represents a single or double bond
• R 5 is O or NR 8 wherein R 8 is hydrogen or alkyl when the dotted line represents a double bond, or
• R 5 is OH or NH 2 when the dotted line represents a single bond
• the preferred (S.S) -antantione monomers are compounds in which the isopropyl groups of the octene side chain have the following configuration:
• halogen refers to chlorine, bromine, iodine
• alkyl refers to straight-chain or branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbons or combinations thereof having preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular 1 to 10, particularly preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
• alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methyl butyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl and octyl.
• Alkoxy refers to oxygen-bonded straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl having preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, especially 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, most preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
• alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy and tert-butoxy.
• the alkyl and alkoxy groups may be substituted by one or more of the following groups selected from halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, nitro, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, Carboxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, halomethyl, dihalomethyl, trihalomethyl, haloethyl, dihaloethyl, trihaloethyl, tetrahaloethyl, pentahalogenethyl.
• cycloalkyl means an organic radical derived from a monocyclic (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl compound by removing a hydrogen radical from a ring carbon atom of the cycloalkyl compound.
• cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, 1, 3-cyclobutadienyl, 1, 3-cyclopentadienyl, 1, 3-cyclohexadienyl, 1, 4-cyclohexadienyl, 1, 3-Cycloheptadienyl, 1,4-cycloheptadienyl, bicyclo [3.2.1] octane and [2.2.1] heptane.
• the term cycloalkyl also includes cycloalkenyl groups having one or two double bonds.
• heterocyclic means a monocyclic heterocyclic ring system
• Monocyclic heterocyclic rings consist of about 3 to 7 ring atoms having from 1 to 5 heteroatoms selected from N, O or S and preferably from 3 to 7 atoms in the ring
• Bicyclic heterocycles consist of about 5 to 17 ring atoms, preferably 5 to 12 ring atoms.
• aryl means a cyclic or polycyclic ring consisting of from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituent groups given above for the alkyl and alkoxy groups
• aryl groups are phenyl, 2 , 6-dichlorophenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, naphthyl, 4-thionaphthyl, tetralinyl, anthracinyl, phenanthrenyl, benzonaphthenyl, fluorenyl, 2-acetamidofluoren-9-yl and 4'-bromobiphenyl.
• heteroaryl means an aromatic cyclic or polycyclic ring system having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O or S.
• Typical heteroaryl groups are 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furanyl, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-imidazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5- oxazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, 3- or 5-1, 2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl, 3-, 4- or 5- Pyridazinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl
• the heteroaryl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 of the substituent groups as indicated above for the alkyl and alkoxy groups, for example cyanothienyl and formy
• carbon hetero group means a group containing at least one heteroatom selected from O or N having at least one carbon-heteroatom multiple bond at the C-1 position, the group being attached through the C-1 atom.
• the group is essentially a functionality that can be attached via an addition to an aromatic system or can be reduced by addition of a leaving group to the C-1 atom.
• Typical carbon hetero groups are Carboxylic acid groups and their derivatives, such as acid halides, amides and esters, and nitriles.
• salts refers preferably to metal salts, especially alkali metal salts.
• Hydrates and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also included.
• the compounds of the formula (IIa) and (IV) according to the invention and the compounds of the formula (I) have chiral centers and can be in any stereoisomeric form.
• the present invention includes any stereoisomeric forms or mixtures thereof of a compound or target compound of the invention, such as the optically active forms (for example, by resolution of the racemic form by recrystallization process, by synthesis from optically active starting materials, by chiral synthesis or by chromatographic separation by means of a chiral stationary phase).
• the compounds of the formulas (IIa), (IIb) and (IV) according to the invention can advantageously be used for the preparation of octenoic acid derivatives, particularly preferably in the context of the process according to the invention.
• the process according to the invention is essentially based on the separate production first of the side chain of the compound of general formula (I) which contains two chiral centers, taking into account the symmetry element contained therein, whereby the overall synthesis can be significantly simplified and the number of reaction steps can be significantly reduced.
• this symmetrical chiral side-chain precursor is coupled to a suitable aromatic moiety to give the desired chiral octenoic acid of formula (I) within a few reaction steps.
• the compound of the general formula (I) can be obtained from a compound of the general formula (II) in two alternative ways, ie
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydroxy or branched or unbranched lower alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n- and i-propoxy, n-, i- and t-butoxy or pentoxy, aryloxy, such as phenyloxy , Naphthyloxy or their derivatives, or benzyloxy or branched or unbranched alkoxyalkoxy having in each case 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms in the alkoxy group, such as 1-methoxymethoxy, 1-methoxy-2-ethoxy, 1-methoxy-3-propoxy, 1 Methoxy-4-butoxy, etc.
• the radical X is suitably O " , OH or a salt, such as OM 1 in which M is alkali metal or one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal
• R 11 is alkyl, preferably unbranched or branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, aryl, such as phenyl, naphthyl or their alkoxy derivatives, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, trityl or trialkylsilyl or NR 4 R 5 , wherein R 4 and R 5 are each independently alkyl, preferably straight or branched lower alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or benzyl R 4 and R 5 together with the nitrogen may form a usually 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring system such as pyrrole, imidazole and the like X may also be a protective or activating group commonly used for carboxylic acids such as Weinreb amide, preferably N-alkyl-O-al
• the reduction step of the keto function can be carried out in one or more steps.
• the reductive removal of the oxygen function in benzyl position to the corresponding hydrocarbon can be carried out by various known methods which do not simultaneously reduce the double bond present in the aliphatic chain (see J. March, John Wiley & Sons, NY 1 1992, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Pp. 1209-1211).
• the reaction can be carried out solvent-free, in polar or nonpolar, protic or aprotic solvents, preferably in aprotic solvents, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons, preferably at temperatures between -20 0 C and reflux temperature of the solvent.
• trialkylsilane in the presence of acids, preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or trifluoroacetic acid or Lewis acids, preferably BF 3 etherate, ZnCl 2 , AlCl 3 , TiCl 4 .
• acids preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or trifluoroacetic acid or Lewis acids, preferably BF 3 etherate, ZnCl 2 , AlCl 3 , TiCl 4 .
• the reduction can also be carried out in several steps if the 8-oxo group of the compound of the formula (IV) is first reduced with, for example, metal hydrides to the corresponding 8-hydroxy compound, which in turn reduces either directly to the target compound of the formula (I) or after prior conversion of the hydroxy group into a suitable Leaving group, preferably mesylate, tosylate, etc., and subsequent reduction to the target compound of formula (I) is reacted.
• a suitable Leaving group preferably mesylate, tosylate, etc.
• R 1 and R 2 have the meaning given to the compound of the formula (IV) and Y represents various metals, such as alkali metals or metal halide, metal alkoxide or metal carboxylate, in which the metal is Mg, Al, B, Mn, Cu 1 Cd, Zn and Sn can stand on
• W is each independently suitably O " , OH or a salt such as OM, in which
• M is alkali metal or one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, for
• Halogen such as Cl, Br, I, preferably Cl or OCOR 12 , wherein R 12 is branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5
• Carbon atoms preferably pivaloyl, or
• OCOCF 3 OSO 2 CH 3 or OSO 2 CF 3 or for OR 11 , wherein R 11 is preferably unbranched or branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, aryl, benzyl or trialkylsilyl, or
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently preferably unbranched or branched lower alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or benzyl or
• W can also be a protective or activating group customary for carboxylic acids, such as Weinreb amide, preferably N-alkyl-O-alkyl, in which alkyl is preferably straight or branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or the nitrogen part of a heterocyclic Ring system such as pyrrole, imidazole and the like.
• carboxylic acids such as Weinreb amide, preferably N-alkyl-O-alkyl, in which alkyl is preferably straight or branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or the nitrogen part of a heterocyclic Ring system such as pyrrole, imidazole and the like.
• W is suitable for hydrogen or halogen, such as Cl, Br, I, preferably Cl or OCOR 12 , wherein R 12 is branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5
• Carbon atoms preferably pivaloyl, or
• OCOCF 3 OSO 2 CH 3 or OSO 2 CF 3 or represents a protecting or activating group customary for carboxylic acids, such as Weinreb amide, preferably N-alkyl-O-alkyl, wherein alkyl is preferably unbranched or branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 Carbon atoms or the nitrogen part of a heterocyclic ring system, such as
• R 13 is branched or unbranched lower alkyl having 1 to 5
• reaction can also be carried out with other than the specified isomers of the compounds of the formulas (He) 1 (Hf) and (IV) or mixtures thereof, resulting in corresponding isomers and / or mixtures of the compound of formula (I ) leads.
• the precursor for the organometallic compound of formula (IH), preferably 4-bromo-2- (3-methoxy-propyl-1-oxy) -1-methoxybenzene can be obtained either after Processes as described in documents EP 678503, WO 03/103653 or WO 04/089915 or alternatively by a process in which guaiacol is acylated, preferably benzoylated, and subsequently brominated (see Synthesis (5), 559, 1997 or THL 41 (6), 811, 2000).
• the free phenol is treated with 3-halopropanol, preferably with 3-chloropropanol and then the free hydroxyl group in the side chain with MeI or dimethyl sulfate in the presence of a base, preferably an alkali metal hydride, amide or - tert Aliphatic amine such as triethylamine and the like. Methylated.
• a base preferably an alkali metal hydride, amide or - tert Aliphatic amine such as triethylamine and the like.
• the organometallic reagent of formula (III) may be selected from the above-mentioned aromatic halide, preferably bromide, either by direct metalation with metals such as alkali metals or Mg, Al, B, Mn, Zn, Sn, Cd or Cu or via transmetallation of an initially formed one Alkali metal compound in which Y is preferably Li, by addition of another metal halide, preferably magnesium halides, are prepared (see EP 678503).
• aromatic halide preferably bromide
• a Grignard reagent of the formula (III) is used, wherein Y is MgCl or MgBr, which is prepared from the corresponding aromatic bromide by metallation with BuLi and subsequent transmetallation with Mg (II) - bromide or Mg (II) -ChIHd e.g. in THF.
• the organometallic compound of formula (III) is then reacted in aprotic solvent with the compound of formula (Me) in which W is OH or OM (acid or its salts), OR (ester), OCOR 12 or halogen.
• the acid chloride or bromide is preferred for reaction with the compound of formula (III) in the absence or presence of catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of Cu (I) or Cu (II) salts such as Cu (I) bromide or Cu (I) chloride used.
• the reaction temperature may be between -78 0 C and the reflux temperature of the solvent, preferably THF at O 0 C or RT.
• the selection of the aprotic solvent is not critical.
• the ratio of the compounds of the formula (III) to (He) can be between 0.1 and 2.0, preferably between 0.3 and stoichiometric ratio.
• Z is halogen, preferably iodine, or another customary leaving group, such as mesylate, tosylate or triflate, and R 13 is branched or unbranched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or is benzyl or trialkylsilyl, with a compound of formula (III)
• R 1 and R 2 have the meaning given above for the compound of formula (I) and Y for various metals, such as alkali metals or Metal halides, wherein the metal may be Mg, Al, B, Mn, Cu and Zn.
• the coupling of the compounds of the formula (III) and (Va) may preferably be effected by transition metals, such as various Pd (0) complexes or Pd (II) salts, for example PdCl 2 acetonitrile complex, Pd (II) acetate, Pd (PPH 3 ) 4 or Pd (dba), etc., are catalyzed in protic or aprotic polar solvents at a reaction temperature from RT to reflux temperature of the solvent.
• transition metals such as various Pd (0) complexes or Pd (II) salts, for example PdCl 2 acetonitrile complex, Pd (II) acetate, Pd (PPH 3 ) 4 or Pd (dba), etc.
• the compounds of the formula (II) can be used as readily available stereoisomeric mixtures, which is then subjected to enantiomer separation if necessary.
• Z is OH or OM, wherein M is alkali metal, one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal or -O ' , or OR 11 , wherein R 11 is preferably straight or branched lower alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, aryl, benzyl or trialkylsilyl, or NR 4 R 5 , in which R 4 and R 5 each independently represent unbranched or branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or benzyl or trialkylsilyl,
• L is a common leaving group such as halogen, preferably Cl or Br, or
• the compound of formula (He) may also be present as another enantiomer, racemate or in meso form.
• the deprotonated compound (X) is then reacted with 0.5-fold equivalent of the compound of formula (XI) at -78 ° C to RT, preferably at 0 0 C treated.
• the untreated mixture contains a substantially equimolar mixture of both possible diastereomers which are hydrolysed to the free acid (Me) when the ester or amide is used.
• the corresponding isopropylmalonate or the isopropyl derivative of meldrumic acid can be used instead of the isovaleric acid derivatives.
• the corresponding isopropylmalonate or the isopropyl derivative of meldrumic acid can be used instead of the isovaleric acid derivatives.
• the corresponding isopropylmalonate or the isopropyl derivative of meldrumic acid can be used.
• not only strong bases must be used, whereby for the alkylation of the compound (Xl) and conventional phase transfer catalysts or organic amides can be used.
• metal hydrides or amides, in particular NaH as the base in aprotic solvents, such as THF, toluene or ether, which leads to particularly high yields.
• the malonates are hydrolyzed followed by decarboxylation to give a mixture of diastereomeric acids of formula (He) wherein W is OH or OM, where M is alkali metal or the equivalent of an alkaline earth metal or -O " .
• the optional separation of the desired isomer from the mixture of the diastereomeric diacid (Me) can be carried out in a one- or two-stage process using different separation techniques, such as chromatography or crystallization processes.
• the meso and racemic acids are first separated by means of a kinetically controlled crystallization from a supersaturated solution in an organic solvent or a solvent mixture, preferably esters, for example isopropyl acetate.
• the desired enantiomer is obtained by enantiomer separation of the racemic diacid (He) via a diastereomeric salt with various chiral amines or complexing agents, preferably amino acids or their derivatives, in particular phenylalaninol, or arylalkylamines, such as 1-naphthylethylamine or phenylethylamine derivatives, preferably 1 - (4-methylphenyl) ethylamine or ephedrine or alkaloids, such as quinquinone or other chiral amines, such as 3-aminopentanenitrile or 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane or 2-amino-1-butanol or (1R, 2S) -1-amino-2 -indanol or benzylaminobutanol separately.
• various amines or complexing agents preferably amino acids or their derivatives, in particular phenylalaninol, or arylal
• the diastereomerically enriched crystals or Mother solutions can be purified by recrystallization to give the pure diastereomeric salt from which the enantiomerically pure diacid (He) is obtained.
• This salt cleavage can be carried out using standard methods, such as extraction from an acidic aqueous solution with an organic solvent, preferably esters or ethers, such as tert-butyl methyl ether, or using ion exchange resins.
• the undesired isomer or mixtures thereof can be isomerized and recycled to the separation process.
• the isomerization can be carried out by heating the compound (Me) or its derivatives, preferably esters, acid chlorides or anhydrides under basic or acidic conditions.
• the epimerization of the meso-diacid (Ne) can be carried out under reflux in acetic anhydride in the presence of potassium acetate, resulting in a 1: 1 mixture of the meso and racemic diacid (Me).
• Trifluoromethanesulfonklaanhydrid trifluoroacetic anhydride or mesyl chloride, or b3) conversion of the free carboxyl function in aldehyde by reduction with
• the compound of the formula (Hf) can also be present as another enantiomer, racemate or, if possible, in mesoform or as isomeric mixture.
• a further embodiment of the process according to the invention relates to the preparation of the compound of the formula (I) via nitrile compounds of the formula (IV), as shown in Scheme 3.
• R 1 and R 2 have the meaning given to the compound of the formula (IVa) and Y represents various metals, such as alkali metals or metal halide, metal alkoxide or metal carboxylate, in which the metal is Mg, Al, B, Mn 1 Cu, Cd, Zn and Sn can stand,
• the chiral compound of the formula (Ng) can be obtained by the following steps:
• L represents a customary leaving group, such as halogen, preferably Cl or Br, or mesylate, tosylate or triflate, etc.,
• the compound of the formula (Hg) may also be present as another enantiomer, racemate or in mesoform or a mixture thereof.
• Alkylation of the Isovaleriannitrils can in aprotic solvents, preferably THF, toluene, or ether, after an initial deprotonation of the compound (Xa) with a strong base such as alkali metal hydrides or alkali metal amides, preferably lithium dialkylamides, such as LDA or LHMDS, at - 78 0 C to 0 0 C or even at RT.
• the deprotonated nitrile (Xa) is then treated with 0.5-fold equivalent of the compound of formula (XI) at -78 ° C to RT, preferably at 0 0 C treated.
• the untreated mixture contains a substantially equimolar mixture of both possible diastereomers, which are subsequently separated.
• R 3 is COOR 6 wherein R 6 is H or M, wherein M is alkali metal, one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, or straight or branched lower alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, benzyl or trialkylsilyl is shown in Scheme 4.
• the compound of the formula (I) is obtained by alkylating the phenolic group of a compound of the formula (Ia)
• C (O) X has the meaning given above for R 3 , obtainable with 3-methoxy-1-propyl halide, preferably chloride or bromide in the presence of a base.
• the compounds of formula (Ia) can be prepared according to Scheme 3 by Friedel-Crafts reaction of a compound of formula (Me) or (Hf) wherein W is halogen, preferably Cl or Br, or OCOR 12 where R 12 is branched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably pivaloyl, or OCOCF 3 , OSO 2 CH 3 or OSO 2 CF 3 and R 13 are branched or unbranched lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or benzyl, with a compound of formula (MIb )
• C (O) X has the meaning mentioned above for R 3 .
• the hydrolytic removal of the leaving group PRG to obtain the free hydroxy function can alternatively be carried out before or after the reduction of the 8-oxo group.
• the reaction can be carried out in aprotic solvents customary for Friedel-Crafts reactions, preferably chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, dichloroethane, or hydrocarbons, preferably hexane or heptane.
• the Lewis acids used as catalyst may be BF 3 etherate or metal halides, preferably Al, Zn or Bi halides or triflates.
• the reaction temperature may be between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent.
• the reduction of the 8-oxo group can be carried out by the methods described above.
• the water layer was extracted 3 times with t-butyl methyl ether and then the aqueous phase was acidified with concentrated HCl.
• the acid water layer was extracted 3x with t-butylmethyl ether, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give frans-2,7-diisopropyl-oct-4-endionic acid as a white powder (36g, meso / rac: 53:47; Purity (HPLC): 95%). Recrystallization from methylcyclohexane gave frans-2,7-diisopropyl-oct-4-endione acid (28.3g, 80%) as white crystals.
• meso-diacid He
• meso-diacid 87:13
• meso (2R 7SHrans F-2,7-diisopropyl-oct-4-en-1, 8-dioic acid, m.p .: 108 0 C.
• (2R, 7R) -frans-2,7-diisopropyl-oct-4-ene-1, 8-dionic acid or mixtures of (2R.7S) and (2R, 7R) -dione acid were isomerized.
• This reaction mixture was added slowly to a cooled suspension of (2S, 7S) -frans-2,7-diisopropyl-oct-4-endione chloride (2.3g, 7.8mmol) and CuI (148mg, 0.78mmol) in dry THF ( 9 ml) was added.
• the reaction mixture was stirred at -78 0 C for 20 min, warmed to rt and stirred for an additional 45 min. After adding water (40 ml), the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and then acidified with HCl. The aqueous layer was extracted 3x with tert-butyl methyl ether and the organic layer dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• This reaction mixture was added slowly to a cooled (-78 0 C) suspension of (2S, 7S) -fra / 7S-2,7-diisopropyl-oct-4-endionsäurechlorid (1, 0 g; 3.4 mmol) and CuI (65 mg, 0.34 mmol) in dry THF (4 ml).
• the reaction mixture was stirred at -78 0 C for 45, warmed to rt and stirred for an additional 2h.
• water (20 ml) the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and then acidified with HCl.
• the aqueous layer was extracted 3x with tert-butyl methyl ether and the organic layer dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• Trifluoroacetic acid (1 ml) was added triethylsilane (250 ⁇ l, 1.5 mmol). After stirring the solution for 1 day at RT, a second portion of triethylsilane (250 ⁇ l, 1.5 mmol) was added, the solution stirred for a further 2 days at RT and then added to water. The aqueous layer was extracted 3x with tert-butyl methyl ether and the organic layer dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo and unreacted starting material rac- (2S, 7S) -trans-2,7-diisopropyl-oct-4-en-1, 8-dionic acid dimethyl ester (0.72 mg, 2.5 mmol ) was separated and can be reused.
• the aqueous phase was acidified with 4N hydrochloric acid and extracted with TBME (3x15 ml).
• the organic phase of this acidic extraction was dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo. A colorless oil (1.10 g) was obtained.
• This reaction mixture was then added slowly to a cooled (-78 ° C.) suspension of the acid chloride of trans-2,7-diisopropyl-oct-4-en-1, 8-dionic acid monomethyl ester (8.33 g, 28.8 mmol). and CuI (560 mg, 2.9 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (40 ml).
• the reaction mixture was stirred at -78 ° C for 40 min, warmed to RT and stirred for an additional 16 h. After adding water (200 ml), the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and then acidified with HCl.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with tert -butyl methyl ether (5x100 ml) and the organic phase was washed with 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (50 ml) followed by saturated brine (50 ml), dried over MgSO 4 and reduced under reduced pressure concentrated.
• the crude residue (12 g) was purified by flash chromatography (pentane / acetone 8: 1) to give trans-2-isopropyl-7- [4-methoxy-3- (3-methoxy-propoxy) -benzoyl] - 8-methyl-non-4-enoic acid (1.55 g, 3.5 mmol, 12%) as a pale yellow oil.

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