Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
  • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar

Definitions

• the invention relates to a supporting wall, in particular a support wall inclined against a soil backfilling, of individual molded bricks, wherein the bricks are arranged one above the other in layers and wherein the bricks of adjacent layers are each in form-fitting engagement in the region of tops and bottoms of the bricks, according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Such supporting walls are known from practice in numerous variants. It is also known to connect the layers of molded bricks with mortar with each other or run as a so-called heavyweight support wall without mortar. Furthermore, it is known to couple the individual stones of the retaining wall by connecting pieces.
• a retaining wall of the type mentioned is known for example from the originating from the house of the applicant DE Utility Model 90 15 718. Due to the positive connection of the molded blocks in the area of the upper sides and lower sides, a bond is created within the layers. In this way, a wall element, which is statically regarded as a disk element by the composite of the stones. The same applies to the mortar of the stones.
• a problem with the support wall described above is that the disk element may fail altogether as load changes so that the support wall is damaged or even destroyed. Such load changes may occur, for example, as a result of changing loads due to the soil backfilling, in particular due to changing loads or changing moisture states.
• the invention has the object, further develop supporting walls of the type mentioned, in particular to propose supporting walls that better withstand changes in load.
• a retaining wall according to the invention has the features of claim 1. It is therefore provided that the upper sides and lower sides of the molded blocks are designed or aligned in such a way that individual layers are displaceable in the corresponding direction at lateral pressure transversely to the support wall longitudinal axis.
• This solution has in particular the advantage that the support wall does not form a total of a single disc element, but that can be adjusted by load-induced displacement of individual layers of relaxation.
• the shaped stones from which the support wall is formed are not identical, but at least in layers may differ from each other. It is provided that in certain situations special shaped blocks are provided, which are each deviating from the shaped bricks of adjacent layers. This allows the targeted arrangement of layers that can be moved at load changes. In this way, the structure of the retaining wall can be specified from a static point of view, in order to avoid the risk of impairment of the entire retaining wall.
• the molded blocks each have positive locking means, in particular projections and / or offsets and / or inclined surfaces in the region of the upper side and the lower side, for the form-fitting engagement of the shaped bricks of adjacent layers transversely to the longitudinal axis of the support wall. In this way, the teeth of the layers is guaranteed.
• the positive locking means of shaped bricks of adjacent layers are formed corresponding to each other, wherein the positive locking means of the shaped blocks of individual layers are formed such that at lateral pressure on a (upper or lower) position of the pressure on the form-locking means on adjacent blocks ( middle) layers can be forwarded and that the positive locking means of other layers are formed so that they allow the recording of pressure of molded blocks of adjacent layers, but are displaceable from the wall axis with direct lateral pressure.
• oblique surfaces for positive engagement with molded blocks of adjacent layers are formed on the upper side and lower side of the molded bricks, wherein preferably the oblique surfaces are arranged at a distance from a visible side and a rear side of the molded bricks.
• the geometrical design of the blocks of the layers may also be chosen vice versa, so that corresponding inclined surfaces of the blocks of a position of the support wall at the top and bottom converge converging in the direction of the back and that corresponding inclined surfaces of the blocks of adjacent layers of the support wall at the top and bottom diverging towards the back.
• Another development which may also be an independent invention, has the peculiarity that the backs of at least some of the molds have means for toothing with a backfill of the support wall
• 2006025841 exhibit. This can lead to a reduction of the wall friction angle, whereby the force acting on the supporting wall active earth pressure can be partially eliminated or reduced. In this way, the support wall according to the invention can absorb higher loads than conventional support walls.
• the rear sides have a roughened and / or profiled surface in order to increase the geotechnical wall friction of the soil backfilling.
• protrusions are formed on the rear sides of some or all of the molded blocks as toothing means, which are arranged spaced apart from one another, wherein the protrusions preferably have a cubic or cuboidal structure.
• the blocks on upright side surfaces have means for toothing with adjacent blocks of the same position, in particular corresponding grooves and / or projections, which preferably engage in a form-fitting manner.
• the support wall is formed of a plurality of different types of stone, wherein the stone types have differently shaped sides with substantially identical shape and dimensions.
• the shaped blocks according to the invention are not only suitable for creating retaining walls, but also for creating walls in general, for example of free-standing walls or curtain walls, etc. Furthermore, the shaped blocks are suitable for creating floor coverings. In this respect, protection for such applications is claimed, and for a kit of molded blocks according to the invention.
• 2006025841 1 is a molded block for a supporting wall in a spatial representation
• FIG. 2 is a plan view of the shaped block of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 is a side view of the visible side of the molded block of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4 is a side view of the molded block of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 6 to 8 of the molded block according to FIG. 5 in illustrations according to FIGS. 2 to 4, FIG.
• FIG. 13 is a fourth molded block for a supporting wall in a spatial representation
• FIG. 17 shows a retaining wall made of molded blocks in a side view or a vertical section
• FIG. 18 shows the molded blocks according to FIGS. 1 to 16 in a spatial representation in the area of the visible sides.
• the molded blocks 20, 21, 22, 23 are used to create a support wall 24.
• the conglomerates 20 .. 23 are preferably made of concrete and have a top 25, a bottom 26, an upright side visible 27th , an upright back 28, and two upright side surfaces 29.
• the visible sides 27 of the stones 20 .. 23 form a corresponding visible side of the support wall 24, whereas the backs 28 of the stones 20 .. 23 usually one not
• the support wall 24 may be a substantially vertical support wall 24.
• the support wall 24 can also be designed as a support wall 24 which is inclined relative to an imaginary vertical plane.
• the stones 20 .. 23 in layers 30 are arranged one above the other.
• the conglomerates 20 .. 23 adjacent layers 30 are formschiüssig engaged with each other.
• the positive engagement is effected by appropriate contact of facing upper sides 25 and lower sides 26 of adjacent molded blocks 20 .. 23.
• the molded blocks 20 .. 23 in the region of the top 25 and the bottom 26 via positive locking means can be any means that is suitable for a positive connection between the layers
• the positive locking means are formed by the fact that the upper sides 25 and the lower sides 26 are each arranged in a plurality of staggered planes, between which oblique surfaces 31 run.
• the inclined surfaces 31 are each arranged at a distance from the visible side 27 and the back 28. In the present embodiment, the distances of the inclined surfaces
• FIG. 17 different shaped blocks 20... 23 are respectively arranged in the individual layers 30.
• the uppermost layer 30 according to FIG. 17 consists of shaped bricks 20, 21, whereas the layer 30 arranged underneath consists of shaped bricks 22, 23.
• the layer 30 described in turn consists of molded blocks 20, 21, etc.
• the background of this arrangement is as follows:
• the molded blocks 20, 21 each have inclined surfaces 31 on the upper side 25 and on the lower side 26, which are designed to be divergent towards the rear side 28. Accordingly, the inclined surfaces 31 converge on the upper side 25 and lower side 26 towards the visible side 27.
• the shaped blocks 22, 23, however, are formed so that the inclined surfaces 31 converge on the upper side 25 and the lower side 26 toward the rear side 28 and diverge towards the visible side 27. In this way, the inclined surfaces 31 of adjacent molded bricks 20...
• the above-described arrangement or design of the stones 20 .. 23 also allows another feature. Due to the fact that the shaped bricks 22, 23 have inclined surfaces 31 which diverge towards the visible side 27, lateral pressure on the rear side 28 can not be transmitted via the oblique surfaces 31 to other layers 30 of molded bricks 20, 21. To transfer such pressure then only the frictional forces between the layers and a possible Vermörtelung the layers 30 are available. As a result of this particular arrangement of the conglomerates 20 .. 23, it is possible that one or more layers 30 slide out of the support wall axis at too high lateral pressure (transverse to the support wall longitudinal axis) and thus contribute to a relaxation. In this way, destruction of the entire support wall 24 is counteracted.
• 2006025841 is pressed out, for example, a layer 30 of molded blocks 22, 23, an overlying layer 30 of molded blocks 20, 21 and a further above layer 30 arranged from molded blocks 22, 23.
• layers 30 are displaced within a support wall 24.
• the layers 30 each consist exclusively of shaped blocks 20, 21 on the one hand, or shaped blocks 22, 23 on the other.
• Each layer 30 of the support wall 24 is thus in view of the arrangement or orientation of the inclined surfaces 31 of identical shaped bricks 20, 21; 22, 23.
• the difference between the shaped bricks 20 and 21 is merely that they are designed differently with respect to a profiling of the two side surfaces 19.
• the shaped blocks 20, 21 have means for toothing with adjacent shaped blocks 20, 21 within the same layer 30 in the region of the two upright side surfaces 29.
• the toothing means on the two shaped bricks 20, 21 are formed correspondingly, so that a positive connection in the region of the side surfaces 29 results when the bricks 20, 21 are laid side by side within the same layer 30.
• the toothing means are designed as horizontally oriented and projecting grooves 32 and corresponding depressions 33.
• the grooves 32 and recesses 33 extend alternately continuously over the entire side surfaces 29.
• the grooves 32 and recesses 33 are aligned parallel to each other.
• the shaped blocks 22, 23 have corresponding grooves 32 and depressions 33 which correspond to each other, so that adjacent shaped blocks 22, 23 within a layer 30 under mutual interlocking with each other can be laid.
• Another peculiarity of the molded blocks shown 20 .. 23 relates to a special design of the backs 28 of all the blocks 20 .. 23.
• the backs 28 have
• 2006025841 namely, means for interlocking the conglomerates 20 .. 23 and a corresponding surface of the support wall 24 with a soil backfill, not shown on.
• the backs 28 may have a roughened and / or profiled surface.
• protrusions spaced apart from one another are formed on the rear sides 28, for example as a continuation of the grooves 32 on the side surfaces 29.
• the protrusions are not continuous, but are formed as cubes or parallelepiped structures on the back side 28. This leads to a reduction of the wall friction angle, whereby the force acting on the support wall 24 active earth pressure can be partially eliminated or reduced. In this way, the described support wall 24 can absorb higher loads than conventional support walls.
• the support wall 24 is made of a total of four differently shaped blocks 20 .. 23 manufactured. It always comes
• 27 of the four conglomerates 20 .. 23 are configured differently from each other.
• the visible sides 27 have a mosaic-like embossing.
• other effects may be provided to make the visible sides 27 different.
• the visible sides 27 are formed by differently shaped attachment body.
• the shaped blocks 20 .. 23 are formed symmetrically relative to an imaginary horizontal center plane with respect to the toothing means and the interlocking means. In this way, the conglomerates 20 .. 23 laid without sacrificing the aforementioned functionalities both with the top 25 upwards and with the top 25 facing down
• the inclined surfaces 31 extend continuously from the visible side 27 to the rear side 28, so that the conglomerates 20 .. 23 have a trapezoidal shape in cross section.
• the inclined surfaces 31 extend from the visible side 27 and end at a distance from the rear side 28 or vice versa. It is only important that some layers 30 of molded blocks 20 .. 23 lateral pressure from the soil backfill can be transferred to some other layers 30, whereas in other layers 30 of molded blocks 20 .. 23 is not provided.
• the above-described set of molded bricks 20 .. 23 is also suitable for creating in particular free-standing walls in general and curtain walls or the like.
• the molded blocks 20 .. 23 may be formed as described above.
• the conglomerates 20 .. 23 are also suitable for the preparation of floor coverings or soil coverings, wherein the conglomerates 20 .. 23 are laid together according to the above description, but the visible sides 27 of the stones 20 .. 23 face upwards and form the paved area.
• kit of (four) molded bricks 20 .. 23 is thus versatile, for example, for the creation of support walls 24, walls, floor coverings, etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Retaining Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2005
  • 2005-10-19 DE DE102005050456A patent/DE102005050456A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2006
  • 2006-09-30 WO PCT/EP2006/009504 patent/WO2007045340A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2006-09-30 BR BRPI0617690-9A patent/BRPI0617690A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2006-09-30 US US12/091,010 patent/US8100608B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-09-30 CA CA002626714A patent/CA2626714A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-09-30 EP EP06792330A patent/EP1937903A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-05-12 ZA ZA200804050A patent/ZA200804050B/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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