EP1937590A2 - Modifizierte kohlenstoff-nanopartikel, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Modifizierte kohlenstoff-nanopartikel, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1937590A2 EP1937590A2 EP06792848A EP06792848A EP1937590A2 EP 1937590 A2 EP1937590 A2 EP 1937590A2 EP 06792848 A EP06792848 A EP 06792848A EP 06792848 A EP06792848 A EP 06792848A EP 1937590 A2 EP1937590 A2 EP 1937590A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chloride
- nanoparticles
- carbon nanoparticles
- carbon
- modified
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
- C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
- C01B2202/28—Solid content in solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
- C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
- C01B2202/30—Purity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to modified carbon nanoparticles.
- Carbon nanoparticles are well known.
- One form in which carbon nanoparticles can be present are carbon nanotubes.
- a problem that they have carbon nanoparticles or tubes is their insolubility. Further, in the manufacture of the carbon nanoparticles, byproducts (amorphous carbon, nm-sized metal particles) are formed which, when one wishes to use the nanoparticles, e.g. in nanoelectronics, must remove.
- Carbon nanotubes have very small cylindrical structures with a diameter of a few nanometers and an aspect ratio of 10 to 1000. Carbon nanotubes have a honeycomb-like hexagonal structure in which each carbon atom is connected to three adjacent carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes can act as conductors or semiconductors, depending on their exact structure.
- Carbon nanotubes may e.g. are present as “single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT)” and are then commonly referred to as “buckytubes”. In the following, these carbon nanotubes are also referred to as SWNT for the sake of simplicity. These SWNTs are the subject of intensive research due to their unique properties. Among the features of SWNT include
- SWNTs are similar to fullerenes consisting essentially of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms, typically arranged in pentagons or hexagons (see, for example, BI Yakobsen and RE
- As prepared SWNT so those that have not been processed after production Because of the large surface Pi systems, they tend to aggregate and are therefore insoluble, difficult to purify from the catalyst nanoparticles, and generally inaccessible to chemical reactions requiring a homogeneous phase. For example, the catalyst nanoparticles still present in the "as prepared SWNT” prevent their use in nanocircuits. "As prepared” SWNT can still form unshaped nanoparticles in their amount in an amount of up to 50% by weight impurities ( depending on the catalyst). It would therefore be desirable to chemically derivatize carbon allotropes, especially carbon nanoparticles, especially carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanotubes, so that they are soluble in a common organic solvent.
- MWNTs multi-wall carbon nanotubes
- SWNT in contrast to MWNT, have fewer defects and are thus stronger, more resistant and have higher conductivity.
- Whether a particular carbon nanotube is metallically conductive, semiconducting or non-conductive is determined, among other things, by its chirality. Likewise, the division according to the diameter is possible, wherein SWNT have diameters of 0.7 to 3nm and MWNT have a diameter of 2 to 20nm.
- EP 1 061 042 A1 discloses a process for purifying carbon nanotubes in which "raw", unmodified nanotubes are treated by pyrolysis with an acidic gas.
- Carbon nanotubes with polar polymers known.
- Chem 2004, 14, 2052-2056 a process for the reaction catalyzed by polyphosphoric acid aroylation of carbon nanoparticles at 130 0 C for 80 hours known.
- polyphosphoric acid as a catalyst and the extremely long reaction time make this process economically unattractive.
- aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives does not increase the solubility of the carbon nanoparticles in organic Solvents.
- the object of the present invention is to provide readily manageable carbon nanoparticles, in particular carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanoparticles, and a process for their preparation and / or purification.
- a further object of the present invention is to find a way to increase the solubility of carbon nanoparticles, in particular carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanotubes, in solvents, in particular in organic solvents, or at least their dispersibility (ie, the ability to be dispersed in a continuous phase as a discontinuous phase).
- room temperature means a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the reactions or process steps given are carried out at normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- the term "(meth) acrylic” encompasses both acrylic and methacrylic.
- the term "composites” means physical and / or chemical mixtures or compounds of polymers, copolymers or mixtures of polymers or Copolymers having at least 10% by weight of one or more inorganic substances, wherein the inorganic substance (s) comprise the acylated carbon nanoparticles of the present invention.
- Other inorganic substances that may be present in addition to the acylated carbon nanoparticles are pigments, fillers and / or glass fibers of various lengths and diameters.
- solubility is understood to mean the amount of a substance which can barely be dissolved in a certain amount of a certain solvent at a certain temperature.
- solubility in this case is in g / l, for specified solvent and for a temperature of 20 0 C.
- aromatics are treated with carbonyl chlorides by means of a (in
- This reaction is carried out with ordinary aromatic compounds under mild conditions, i. H. at temperatures around room temperature.
- SWNTs react because of their general reaction inertness, due to the extended Pi system, which leads to aggregation and thus to poor solubility in the reaction mixtures, under the conditions of Friedel-Crafts acylation also with the aid of various catalysts and with variation of the solvent normally Not.
- the acylation of SWNT can still be carried out by a reaction which is similar to the Friedel-Crafts acylation.
- the acylation is carried out at temperatures between 130 and 250 0 C, preferably between 160 and 200 0 C, more preferably between 175 and 185 ° C and for a period of between 1 and 6 hours, preferably between 2 and 4 hours.
- Suitable solvents are carbon disulfide or nitro compounds such as nitromethane, nitrobenzene or nitrotoluene and / or mixtures thereof.
- ionic liquids have an advantage of low vapor pressure and can be easily removed after the reaction.
- ionic liquids are understood in particular to be salt melts, for example of imidazolium salt, pyridinium salt or the like.
- a melt of the applied Lewis catalyst e.g. Aluminum chloride
- a eutectic-forming salt e.g. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, preferably anhydrous, more preferably NaCl.
- Suitable acylating reagents are both carboxylic acid halides, of which in particular carboxylic acid chlorides, and also carboxylic acid anhydrides. Also conceivable is the use of ketenes.
- carboxylic acid chlorides are monocarboxylic acid chlorides, such as acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride, butyryl chloride, isobutyryl chloride, valeryl chloride, hexanoyl chloride, heptanoyl chloride, octanoyl chloride decanoyl chloride, palmitinoyl chloride, lauroyl chloride, myrystyl chloride, etc.
- acid chlorides of perfluorocarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid mono- or dichlorides such as oxalylmono- or dichloride, succinic acid mono- or dichloride, fumaric acid mono- or dichloride, maleic acid mono- or dichloride, adipic acid mono- or dichloride, 1, 10-decanoylic acid mono- or dichloride, 1, 12-dodecanoylic acid mono- or dichloride phthaloylmono- or dichloride, isophthaloylmono- or dichloride, terephthaloylmono- or dichloride, etc ., Where the dichlorides are preferred over the monochlorides.
- carboxylic acid chlorides in particular hemimellitic mono- or trichloride, trimellitic mono-, di- or trichloride, trimesic acid mono- or trichloride, pyromellitic mono-, di-, tri- or tetrachloride
- Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid mono-, di-, tri- or tetrachloride Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid mono-, di-, tri- or tetrachloride.
- carboxylic acid anhydrides are acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, isobutyric anhydride, maleic anhydride,
- Carboxylic acid chlorides are preferably used and of these in turn preferably carboxylic acid chlorides of the general formula RCOCl, where R is C3H7 to C15H31. Examples of these are palmitinoyl chloride, lauroyl chloride, butyryl chloride, Hexanoyl chloride, heptanoyl chloride, octanoyl chloride, perfluorobutyryl chloride, 1, 12-
- the catalyst is used in stoichiometric or superstoichiometric amounts.
- the catalyst is preferably used in small amounts in excess of stoichiometry. If acid anhydrides are used as the acylating reagent, it must be taken into account that the amounts of catalyst are increased to at least two equivalents.
- Catalysts which can be used in the context of the present invention are both Lewis acids and protic acids.
- Lewis acids examples include AICb, BF 3 , SnCl 4 , ZnCb, FeCb, SO 3, TiCl 4 ,
- Examples of usable protic acids are H 3 PO 4 , H 2 SO 4 , HCIO 4 , in particular H 3 PO 4 .
- Aluminum chloride in particular anhydrous, is particularly preferred
- Aluminum chloride used as a catalyst.
- SWNT and MWNT raw materials produced by the three processes a) laser ablation, b) high-pressure CO (HiPCO) and c) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be used as carbon nanoparticles to be modified.
- HiPCO high-pressure CO
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the use of polyphosphoric acid in the acylation reaction is excluded.
- the use of aromatic acylating reagents is excluded.
- Nanoparticles SWNT or "as prepared" SWNT A preferred variant is when the carbon nanoparticles to be modified do not contain MWNT.
- alpha, omega-diacyl chlorides whereby crosslinking of the carbon nanoparticles can be achieved.
- perfluorinated acyl radicals it is possible in the context of the present invention to use alpha, omega-diacyl chlorides, whereby crosslinking of the carbon nanoparticles can be achieved.
- the acylated carbon nanoparticles in particular carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanoparticles, have a much improved solubility in organic solvents compared to unmodified carbon nanoparticles.
- This improved solubility can be several orders of magnitude. It is possible to dissolve, depending on the length of the acyl chains and the type of the organic solvent, to amounts of 2 to 5 g / l of the modified nanoparticles according to the invention.
- the acylated nanoparticles of the present invention can therefore also be used as part of a process for the purification of nanoparticles.
- the unpurified nanoparticles are first acylated according to the process described. Thereafter, the acylated nanoparticles are separated from the contaminants by extraction with a solvent or dispersant. Finally, the acyl groups are then split off from the nanoparticles and high-purity nanoparticles, in particular carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanoparticles, are obtained.
- the purification can be carried out by conventional purification methods, such as density gradient centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, etc., in particular density gradient centrifugation.
- the carbon nanoparticles in particular carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanotubes, can be separated by size, length, diameter and / or chirality, in particular by chirality.
- Defunctionalization optionally by thermal or chemical processes, eg selective oxidative removal of the acyl chains or stepwise thermal decarboxylation, of the acylated carbon nanoparticles can then be obtained the original carbon nanoparticles, in particular carbon nanotubes containing or consisting of these carbon nanoparticles but now have a very high purity.
- modified carbon nanoparticles in particular carbon nanotubes containing or consisting of carbon nanoparticles, no longer tend to aggregate.
- the modified carbon nanoparticles are very soluble even in room temperature in various organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide (DMF ) etc. and result in strongly colored, usually red-brown solutions, which are stable over several months even in daylight and sediment no insoluble particles.
- organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide (DMF ) etc.
- the modified carbon nanoparticles in particular carbon nanotube-containing or carbon nanoparticles, are obtained by using nitrobenzene as the solvent and aluminum chloride as the catalyst, and the acylation at 175 to 185 ° C for two to four hours is carried out.
- the new method is suitable for the preparation of modified carbon nanoparticles, in particular carbon nanotubes containing or consisting of carbon nanoparticles, both on a laboratory scale and on a ton scale.
- the new process allows a fast, low cost chemical Derivatization of the carbon nanoparticles, in particular carbon nanotubes containing or consisting of carbon nanoparticles, with high yields.
- the carbon nanoparticles in particular carbon nanoparticles containing or consisting of carbon nanotubes, can be derivatized with diverse organic molecules.
- acylated nanoparticles of the present invention can be used for a variety of purposes.
- the acylated nanoparticles of the present invention can be used in composites of polymers or polymer mixtures in which they improve the mechanical properties, such as strength and resistance of the composites and / or the polymers or polymer mixtures, and impart electrical and thermal conductivity to them These can increase.
- Polycarbonates e.g. Polycarbonates, (meth) acrylates, polyoxides, polyethers, polyesters, polysulfides, polysulfones, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyimides, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylpyridines, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyolefins, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyisobutylenes, polybutenes, polystyrenes and also any desired copolymers or copolymers the aforementioned.
- Polycarbonates e.g. Polycarbonates, (meth) acrylates, polyoxides, polyethers, polyesters, polysulfides, polysulfones, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyimides, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylpyridines, polyvinylpyrrol
- the composites thus obtained may contain conventional additives such as fillers and pigments, in particular conductive pigments, and mixtures thereof.
- suitable effect pigments are metal flake pigments, such as commercially available aluminum bronzes and commercially available high-grade steel bronzes, and nonmetallic effect pigments, for example pearlescent or interference pigments, platelet-shaped effect pigments based on iron oxide or liquid-crystalline effect pigments.
- fluorescent pigments daylight pigments
- bis (azomethine) pigments bis (azomethine) pigments.
- suitable electrically conductive pigments are iron phosphide pigments.
- magnetically shielding pigments are pigments based on iron oxides or chromium dioxide.
- suitable inorganic color pigments are white pigments such as titanium dioxide, zinc white, zinc sulfide or lithopone; Black pigments such as carbon black, iron manganese black or spinel black; Color pigments such as chromium oxide, chromium oxide hydrate green, cobalt green or ultramarine green, cobalt blue, ultramarine blue or manganese blue, ultramarine violet or cobalt and manganese violet, iron oxide red, cadmium sulfoselenide, molybdenum red or ultramarine red; Iron oxide brown, mixed brown, spinel and corundum phases or chrome orange; or iron oxide yellow, nickel titanium yellow, chromium titanium yellow, cadmium sulfide, cadmium zinc sulfide, chrome yellow or bismuth vanadate.
- organic coloring pigments examples include monoazo pigments, bisazo pigments, anthraquinone pigments, benzimidazole pigments, quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, dioxazine pigments,
- Indanthrone pigments isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, azomethine pigments, thioindigo pigments, metal complex pigments, perinone pigments, perylene pigments, phthalocyanine pigments or aniline black.
- Suitable anti-corrosive pigments are iron mica or
- suitable metal powders are powders of metals and metal alloys, such as aluminum, zinc, copper, bronze or brass.
- suitable organic and inorganic fillers are chalk, calcium sulfates, barium sulfate, silicates such as talc, mica or kaolin, silicas, oxides such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide or organic fillers such as plastic powder, in particular of polyamide or polyacrylonitrile.
- suitable transparent fillers are those based on silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide.
- the composites may also contain glass fibers.
- the modified nanoparticles can be used in field emission displays (FEDs), vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs) or white light sources. Furthermore, the modified nanoparticles can be used in tips for force field microscopy, for nano circuits, for bulletproof fabrics.
- FEDs field emission displays
- VFDs vacuum fluorescent displays
- white light sources white light sources.
- the modified nanoparticles can be used in tips for force field microscopy, for nano circuits, for bulletproof fabrics.
- Example 1 was repeated, with the difference that the acid chlorides indicated in Table 1 were used. The yields obtained are also given in Table 1.
- the hydrogen chloride was detected by reaction with gaseous ammonia by formation of white ammonium chloride fumes. After the end of the addition, stirring was continued at 170 ° C. for 3 hours and then the reaction mixture was allowed to stand overnight under nitrogen without heating. For workup, after cooling, the solid reaction mixture was brought to ice treated with 1 ml of concentrated aqueous HCl solution (about 30 g) with a spatula to decompose. After the ice had melted, the modified nanotubes were filtered off on a Buchner filter with suction bottle and on the filter washed several times with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and then with distilled water. After drying in vacuo, a sticky, brown to black colored mass remained.
- Example 9 was repeated except that a mixture of lauroyl chloride (2.29 g, 2.5 mL) and 1, 12-didodecanoic acid chloride (0.93 g, 0.858 mL) was added dropwise. The workup was carried out as in Example 9.
- High purity nanotubes can be obtained by density gradient centrifugation.
- the crude products obtained as described in Examples 1-10 are applied to an aqueous sucrose (Merck) gradient suspended in tetrahydrofuran.
- the sucrose gradient is typically generated with a Gradient Maker (Model # GM-40) from C. B. S. Scientific Co., California. Particularly preferably, mixtures of 10% and 40% (by weight) of aqueous sucrose are filled into the first and second containers of the gradient maker.
- a Gradient Maker Model # GM-40
- mixtures of 10% and 40% (by weight) of aqueous sucrose are filled into the first and second containers of the gradient maker.
- sucrose gradient is filled directly into a centrifuge container by means of a peristaltic pump.
- the centrifugation can be carried out either at room temperature at 16,000 rpm for 30 minutes, or more preferably at 4 ° C., overnight (12 hours) in an ultracentrifuge (Beckmann) at 50,000 rpm. Pure black nanotubes will sediment deeper than the colored impurities.
- acylated nanotubes are available in various organic solvents, such as
- Dimethylformamide readily soluble or dispersible.
- the lauroyl-coated nanotubes dissolve, e.g. to 3.8 g / L in tetrahydrofuran, to 4.25 g / L in toluene or to 2.95 g / L in chloroform.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005041378A DE102005041378A1 (de) | 2005-09-01 | 2005-09-01 | Modifizierte Kohlenstoff-Nanopartikel, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
PCT/EP2006/065368 WO2007025861A2 (de) | 2005-09-01 | 2006-08-16 | Modifizierte kohlenstoff-nanopartikel, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1937590A2 true EP1937590A2 (de) | 2008-07-02 |
Family
ID=37735406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06792848A Withdrawn EP1937590A2 (de) | 2005-09-01 | 2006-08-16 | Modifizierte kohlenstoff-nanopartikel, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7816564B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1937590A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2009506970A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2620392C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005041378A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007025861A2 (de) |
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US7125533B2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2006-10-24 | William Marsh Rice University | Method for functionalizing carbon nanotubes utilizing peroxides |
DE60239138D1 (de) * | 2002-12-12 | 2011-03-24 | Sony Deutschland Gmbh | Lösliche Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren |
JP2004323738A (ja) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 樹脂組成物中間体、樹脂組成物、カーボンナノチューブ充填材、樹脂組成物中間体の製造方法、樹脂組成物の製造方法、及びカーボンナノチューブ充填材の製造方法 |
CA2553618C (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2013-06-11 | William Marsh Rice University | Nanotube-amino acids and methods for preparing same |
US20070280876A1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2007-12-06 | William Marsh Rice University | Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes in Acidic Media |
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2005
- 2005-09-01 DE DE102005041378A patent/DE102005041378A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2006
- 2006-08-16 US US11/991,245 patent/US7816564B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-16 CA CA2620392A patent/CA2620392C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-16 JP JP2008528457A patent/JP2009506970A/ja active Pending
- 2006-08-16 EP EP06792848A patent/EP1937590A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-08-16 WO PCT/EP2006/065368 patent/WO2007025861A2/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
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CA2620392A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
WO2007025861A3 (de) | 2008-07-03 |
US7816564B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
US20090326278A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
CA2620392C (en) | 2011-08-02 |
DE102005041378A1 (de) | 2007-03-08 |
JP2009506970A (ja) | 2009-02-19 |
WO2007025861A2 (de) | 2007-03-08 |
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