EP1929548A1 - Composant optoelectronique emettant un rayonnement - Google Patents

Composant optoelectronique emettant un rayonnement

Info

Publication number
EP1929548A1
EP1929548A1 EP06791402A EP06791402A EP1929548A1 EP 1929548 A1 EP1929548 A1 EP 1929548A1 EP 06791402 A EP06791402 A EP 06791402A EP 06791402 A EP06791402 A EP 06791402A EP 1929548 A1 EP1929548 A1 EP 1929548A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wavelength
radiation
optoelectronic component
component according
wavelength conversion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP06791402A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dominik Eisert
Norbert Linder
Raimund Oberschmid
Dirk Berben
Frank Jermann
Martin Zachau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ams Osram International GmbH
Original Assignee
Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH filed Critical Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Publication of EP1929548A1 publication Critical patent/EP1929548A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
    • H01L33/46—Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optoelectronic component with wavelength conversion substance.
  • Such an optoelectronic component comprises a semiconductor body which emits electromagnetic radiation and a wavelength conversion substance which converts part of this radiation into radiation of other, generally larger, wavelengths.
  • the radiation of the semiconductor body can originate from the short-wave ultraviolet spectral range. Since ultraviolet radiation generally damages the human eye, DE 101 42 009 A1 proposes to place a UV-impermeable layer behind the wavelength conversion substance in the emission direction of the semiconductor body, which is preferably designed to be reflective on one or both sides for ultraviolet radiation.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an optoelectronic device with
  • An optoelectronic component with high efficiency comprises in particular:
  • a semiconductor body comprising an active semiconductor layer sequence suitable for generating electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength emitted from a front side of the semiconductor body
  • a first wavelength conversion substance arranged downstream of the semiconductor body in its emission direction, which surrounds radiation of the first wavelength in radiation of a second wavelength different from the first wavelength
  • a first selectively reflecting layer between the active semiconductor layer sequence and the first wavelength conversion substance which selectively reflects radiation of the second wavelength and is transmissive to radiation of the first wavelength.
  • the efficiency of the component is advantageously increased, since this prevents converted radiation of the second wavelength from being reflected back into and absorbed by the active semiconductor layer sequence of the semiconductor body .
  • the first selectively reflecting layer is adjacent to the semiconductor body, in particular to its radiation-emitting front side.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer covers at least partially, but preferably completely, a surface of the semiconductor body facing the radiation-emitting front side.
  • it also partially or completely covers the flanks of the semiconductor body, in other words surfaces of the semiconductor body which are formed perpendicular or at least at an angle to the radiation-emitting front side.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer is monolithically integrated into the radiation-emitting front side of the semiconductor body.
  • the first selectively reflective layer is typically fabricated with processes that are also used to make or are well compatible with the semiconductor body, such as sputtering or epitaxial growth. As a result, a technically simple manufacturing process is advantageously made possible.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer can also be slurried, spin-coated and / or sprayed on.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer is also formed laterally of the semiconductor body, for example on the bottom surface of a component housing or of a carrier on which the semiconductor body is mounted. Is the semiconductor body in the recess of a component housing Mounted with side surfaces, the side surfaces of the component housing which delimit the recess are preferably also provided with the first selectively reflecting layer.
  • another smooth or diffusely reflecting layer is formed laterally of the semiconductor body as an alternative to the first selectively reflecting layer.
  • This is preferably designed such that it reflects radiation of a significantly larger wavelength range, which particularly preferably comprises converted and unconverted radiation.
  • the absorption of unconverted radiation for example by the Mate_rial_ of a component housing or carrier on which the semiconductor body is mounted, is also significantly reduced.
  • a metal layer is preferably used, which has, for example, gold or silver.
  • the further reflective layer can generally be made much simpler, since the requirements for its reflectivity are lower.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer does not adjoin the semiconductor body but is spaced therefrom.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer is spaced from the radiation-emitting front side of the semiconductor body and arranged downstream of it in the emission direction.
  • the emission direction is understood in particular to be that direction which is defined by the distance vector directed from the main extension plane of the active semiconductor layer sequence to the radiation-emitting front side of the semiconductor body.
  • the first wavelength is from the ultraviolet, blue or green spectral range. Since wavelength conversion materials typically convert radiation to radiation of longer wavelengths, wavelengths from the short wavelength end of the visible spectral range and the ultraviolet spectral range are particularly suitable in conjunction with wavelength conversion applications.
  • a semiconductor body which is suitable for emitting ultraviolet, blue and / or green radiation generally comprises an active layer sequence based on a nitride or phosphide compound semiconductor material.
  • active layer sequence based on a nitride compound semiconductor material is meant in the present context an active layer sequence comprising a nitride III compound semiconductor material, preferably Al n Ga m In n m N, where O ⁇ n ⁇
  • this material does not necessarily have to have a mathematically exact composition according to the above formula, but in particular may contain one or more dopants and additional constituents which have the characteristic physical properties of Al n Ga m Ini_ n - m
  • the above formula contains only the essential components of the crystal lattice (Al, Ga, In, N), although these may be partially replaced by small amounts of other substances.
  • phosphide compound semiconductor material active layer sequence an active layer sequence in the present context, comprising a phosphide III compound semiconductor material, preferably Al n Ga m ini- n - m P wherein O ⁇ n
  • this material does not necessarily have to have a mathematically exact composition in accordance with the above formula, but in particular may contain one or more dopants and additional constituents which have the characteristic physical properties of Al 2 O 3 n Ga m ini- n _ m do not change P-material substantially.
  • the above formula includes only the major components of the crystal lattice (Al, Ga, in, P), even if this other part by small amounts of substances to be replaced can.
  • the active layer sequence of the semiconductor body has grown epitaxially and preferably comprises a pn junction, a double heterostructure, a single quantum well or particularly preferably a multiple quantum well structure (MQW) for generating radiation.
  • quantum well structure does not contain any information about the dimensionality of the quantization. It thus includes quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots and any combination of these structures. Examples of MQW structures are described in the publications WO 01/39282, US 5,831,277, US 6,172,382 Bl and US 5,684,309, the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • a light-emitting diode chip (“LED chip” for short) can be used as the semiconductor body.
  • the component preferably emits mixed radiation comprising radiation of the first wavelength and radiation of the second wavelength.
  • the mixed radiation comprises radiation of such different colors that the color location of the mixed radiation lies in the white area of the CIE standard color chart.
  • a semiconductor body which emits radiation of a first wavelength from the blue spectral range in conjunction with a wavelength conversion substance which converts this blue radiation into radiation of a second wavelength from the yellow spectral range.
  • the semiconductor body used emits only radiation of a first wavelength from the non-visible spectral range, for example from the ultraviolet
  • the most complete possible conversion of this radiation is sought since this does not contribute to the brightness of the component.
  • short-wave radiation such as UV radiation
  • measures are preferably provided in such components, which are intended to prevent the device emits short-wave radiation.
  • Such measures can be, for example, absorber particles or reflective elements which are arranged downstream of the first wavelength conversion substance in the emission direction of the semiconductor body and which absorb the unwanted short-wave radiation or reflect back to the wavelength conversion substance.
  • the optoelectronic component comprises a second wavelength conversion substance which converts radiation of the first wavelength into radiation of a third wavelength different from the first and second wavelengths.
  • a semiconductor body which emits only radiation of a first wavelength from non-visible spectral regions, such as ultraviolet radiation when using a semiconductor body which emits only radiation of a first wavelength from non-visible spectral regions, such as ultraviolet radiation, as a rule the most complete possible conversion of this radiation is desired.
  • a second wavelength conversion substance which converts radiation of the first wavelength into radiation of a third wavelength different from the first and the second wavelength it is advantageously possible to obtain a component which emits mixed radiation of radiation of the second and radiation of the third wavelength.
  • a first wavelength conversion substance is preferably selected which converts a portion of the radiation of the first wavelength into radiation of a second wavelength from the yellow spectral range and a second wavelength conversion substance which contains the remaining portion of the radiation of the first wavelength - S -
  • Radiation of a third wavelength from the blue spectral range converts.
  • the component comprises a semiconductor body which emits only radiation of a first wavelength from the non-visible, ultraviolet spectral range
  • measures which are intended to prevent the component from emitting short-wave radiation are preferably arranged downstream of all wavelength conversion materials in the emission direction of the semiconductor body.
  • the optoelectronic component preferably emits mixed radiation having radiation of the first, second and third wavelengths when using a second wavelength conversion substance.
  • the color location of the mixed radiation can advantageously be set in particularly large areas of the CIE standard color chart.
  • the semiconductor body, the first wavelength conversion substance and the second wavelength conversion substance are coordinated with one another such that the first wavelength originates from the blue spectral range, the second wavelength from the red spectral range and the third wavelength length from the green spectral range. In this way, mixed radiation can be produced with a color location in the white area of the CIE standard color chart.
  • Wellenauerkonversionsschers is the first selectively reflecting layer preferably designed so that they in addition to the radiation of the second wavelength and the Radiation of the third wavelengths is selectively reflected so that the radiation converted by the second wavelength conversion substance is advantageously not absorbed in the active semiconductor layer sequence of the semiconductor body.
  • the optoelectronic component particularly preferably emits mixed radiation having a color locus in the white region of the CIE standard color chart, since these are used in a variety of applications, for example in the backlighting of displays or in the illumination of vehicles.
  • the semiconductor body is provided with a cladding permeable to the radiation of the component, which protects the semiconductor body, for example, against mechanical and chemical environmental influences.
  • the first wavelength conversion substance is covered by the sheath.
  • the first wavelength conversion substance may also be comprised by a wavelength conversion layer.
  • a wavelength conversion layer has the advantage that it is easy to reproducibly produce and furthermore contributes to a substantially homogeneous color impression of the component, since the path length of the radiation within a wavelength conversion layer is uniformly compared to the path length in an envelope.
  • the wavelength conversion layer has a constant thickness, since this effect then advantageously comes into its own. If a second wavelength conversion substance is used, then the cladding or the first
  • Wavelength conversion layer in addition to the first wavelength conversion material also include the second wavelength conversion substance. Furthermore, it is possible that the second wavelength conversion substance is comprised by a second wavelength conversion layer. Also, the second wavelength conversion layer preferably has a constant thickness for the reasons mentioned above.
  • one of the wavelength conversion layers is arranged adjacent to the semiconductor body, in particular if the first selectively reflecting layer is monolithically integrated in the latter.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer adjoins the semiconductor body without being integrated monolithically in it, or if it is spaced from the semiconductor body, in another embodiment one of the semiconductor bodies is connected to the semiconductor body
  • Wavelength conversion layers arranged adjacent to the first selectively reflecting layer, expediently adjacent to a side facing away from the semiconductor body surface of the first selectively reflecting layer.
  • the first and second wavelength conversion layers are spaced from the semiconductor body and from the first selectively reflecting layer.
  • the optoelectronic component comprises a cover element, which comprises the first and / or the second wavelength conversion layer.
  • the covering element may also comprise the first selectively reflecting layer.
  • the cover element preferably has a carrier substrate which contains or consists of glass, for example, and onto which the first wavelength conversion layer, the second wavelength conversion layer and / or the first selectively reflective layer is / are applied.
  • the carrier substrate has a main surface facing the semiconductor body and / or a main surface facing away from the semiconductor body. The first selectively reflecting layer is then preferably applied to the main body of the carrier substrate facing the semiconductor body, and / or the first wavelength conversion layer is applied to the main face of the carrier substrate facing away from the semiconductor body.
  • the optoelectronic component with _einem such cover is particularly easy to produce.
  • the first wavelength conversion layer on the carrier substrate is particularly easy to produce.
  • a cover element which in particular comprises the first selectively reflecting layer and the first and optionally second wavelength conversion layer, is preferably used in an optoelectronic component in which the semiconductor body is mounted in a recess, such as a reflector trough, which is part of a component housing, for example ,
  • the recess is at least partially filled in one embodiment with the enclosure.
  • the semiconductor body is electrically contacted, for example, by means of a bonding wire at its radiation-emitting front side.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer of the cover member prevents the emission in the first and / or second wavelength conversion layer
  • the covering element with the first selectively reflecting layer advantageously prevents, in addition to absorption losses in the semiconductor body, further absorption losses, for example at the reflector trough and / or the bonding wire, in the optoelectronic component.
  • the component is therefore particularly efficient.
  • the cover of the reflector pan and / or the envelope is arranged immediately below. For example, it is glued to the reflector pan and / or the enclosure.
  • the radiation-emitting surface of the cover is particularly small, so that the device is a light source with a small extension, which can be well visualized.
  • the sheath comprises a matrix material and the first and / or second wavelength conversion substance comprises particles which are embedded in the matrix material of the sheath.
  • the particles of the first and possibly the second wavelength conversion substance distributed homogeneously in the matrix material, as this advantageously facilitates the homogenization of the color impression of the component.
  • Wavelength conversion layer has a matrix material in an expedient embodiment of the component and the first and / or second wavelength conversion substance particles which are in the matrix material of the first and / or optionally. embedded in the second wavelength conversion layer and particularly preferably distributed homogeneously.
  • two wavelength conversion materials are used in the component, then in one embodiment they are arranged spatially separated, such that the component comprises two mutually different regions, each of which has only one of the two wavelength conversion substances.
  • the two wavelength conversion substances, _ For example, be arranged spatially separated from each other by the first wavelength conversion substance is contained in the cladding of the semiconductor body and the second wavelength conversion substance in a second wavelength conversion layer adjacent to the semiconductor body. Furthermore, it is possible to arrange the two wavelength conversion materials spatially separated by these of two different
  • Wavelength conversion layers are included, one of which is arranged, for example adjacent to the semiconductor body and the other of which is arranged downstream in the emission direction of the semiconductor body.
  • the area that is the first Wavelength conversion substance contains and the region containing the second wavelength conversion substance, particularly preferably downstream of the radiation-emitting front of the semiconductor body, that the wavelength is converted into the radiation of the first wavelength of the respective wavelength conversion substance, seen from the semiconductor body in the emission direction is shorter than that Wavelength in the preceding with respect to the emission direction of the semiconductor body wavelength conversion substance converts the radiation of the first wavelength.
  • Such a spatially separated arrangement of the wavelength conversion materials offers the advantage that absorption of radiation already converted by the one wavelength conversion substance can be reduced particularly effectively by the other wavelength conversion substance.
  • a second selectively reflecting layer which selectively reflects a predetermined portion of the radiation of the first wavelength and for a further portion of the radiation of the first wavelength and for radiation, is arranged downstream of the first wavelength conversion substance and optionally the second wavelength conversion substance in the emission direction of the semiconductor body the second wavelength and possibly for radiation of the third wavelength is permeable.
  • the active semiconductor layer sequence emits a large part of the electromagnetic radiation having the first wavelength perpendicular to its main extension plane. In other words, that of the active one
  • Semiconductor layer sequence emitted electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength substantially completely or at least largely directed, and preferably parallel to the surface normal to the main extension plane of the active semiconductor layer sequence.
  • Such directed radiation can be achieved, for example, with a semiconductor body which is a thin-film light-emitting diode chip.
  • a thin-film light-emitting diode chip is to a good approximation a Lambertian surface tracer.
  • the radiation intensity of the emitted electromagnetic radiation approximates the cosine of the angle between the surface normal to the active semiconductor layer sequence and the direction in which the radiation is emitted from.
  • a thin-film light-emitting diode chip is distinguished, in particular, by the following characteristic features: on a first main surface of the semiconductor body, which has been epitaxially grown, in other words on the rear side of the semiconductor body, which faces the radiation-emitting front side a reflector layer is applied or formed, the at least a portion of the active in the Semiconductor layer sequence generated electromagnetic radiation reflected back into the semiconductor body; -
  • the semiconductor body has a thickness in the range of 20 microns or less, in particular in the range of 10 microns; and the semiconductor body contains at least one semiconductor layer having at least one surface which has a mixing structure which, in the ideal case, leads to an approximately ergodic distribution of the light in the semiconductor body, ie it has as ergodically stochastic scattering behavior as possible.
  • a basic principle of a thin-film light-emitting diode chip is described, for example, in the publication I. Schnitzer et al. , Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 (16), 18 October 1993, 2174 - 2176, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Examples of thin-film light-emitting diode chips are described in the publications EP 0905797 A2 and WO 02/13281 A1, the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the first and / or optionally the second selectively reflecting layer have a layer sequence with dielectric layers of alternating high and low refractive index.
  • the first and / or optionally the second selectively reflecting layer having a layer sequence of alternatingly high and low refractive index dielectric layers is particularly preferably a Bragg reflector, since such a layer differs from other reflecting layers, such as, for example, metal layers Usually has lower absorption of the reflected radiation.
  • a Bragg reflector is known to the person skilled in the art and is therefore not explained in detail at this point.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer has a high transmittance, and in particular a low degree of reflection for electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength which is smaller than a cutoff wavelength ⁇ G.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer is preferably designed as a layer sequence with alternatingly high and low refractive index dielectric layers, which in particular represent a Bragg reflector.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer has a high reflectance, and in particular a low transmittance for electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than a cutoff wavelength ⁇ G.
  • the transition between the wavelength range for which the selectively reflective layer has a high reflectance and the wavelength range for which it has a high transmissivity level occurs as far as possible sharply, for example " within a wavelength range of less than or equal to 10 ran, preferably of less than or equal to 5 nm, for example, of about 3 nm to the cutoff wavelength ⁇ G.
  • the selective reflective layer represents a short-pass filter, often referred to as a high-pass filter, having the cutoff wavelength ⁇ G. That is, the first selectively reflective layer is substantially transparent to electromagnetic radiation, for which it has a has high transmittance and substantially completely reflects electromagnetic radiation for which it has a high reflectance.
  • the selectively reflective layer preferably radiation whose wavelength is less than ⁇ transmits the cutoff wavelength of G, and virtually completely preferably reflects radiation whose wavelength is smaller than the cut-off wavelength ⁇ G , practically complete.
  • the cut-off wavelength ⁇ G changes with the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation on the first selectively reflecting layer.
  • the cut-off wavelength ⁇ G at normal incidence of radiation corresponding to an angle of incidence of 0 °, maximum and decreases with increasing angle of incidence.
  • the cut-off wavelength ⁇ G for radiation having an incident angle of 45 ° by 20 nm or more, preferably by 50 nm or more is smaller than the cut-off wavelength ⁇ G for radiation having an incident angle of 0 °.
  • This property can be achieved, for example, with a Bragg reflector in a manner known per se to the person skilled in the art and is therefore not explained in detail here.
  • the cutoff wavelength is preferably chosen so that electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength, which is emitted during operation of the component of the active semiconductor layer sequence perpendicular to its main extension plane, is transmitted from the first selectively reflecting layer.
  • electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength, which strikes the first selectively reflecting layer at an angle is reflected by it.
  • the cut-off wavelength ⁇ G for perpendicularly incident electromagnetic radiation is only slightly larger than the first wavelength.
  • the cutoff wavelength ⁇ G for perpendicularly incident electromagnetic radiation is around 5 nm to 100 nm, preferably around 10 nm to 50 nm, and more preferably 20 nm to 50 nm, larger than the first wavelength, with the boundaries included respectively.
  • electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength which is scattered back, for example in the first and / or second wavelength conversion layer, in the cladding or otherwise without wavelength conversion to the semiconductor body and which does not meet perpendicularly but at an angle to the first selectively reflecting layer , not absorbed in the semiconductor body.
  • the scattered radiation of the first wavelength contributes to the emission of the device.
  • the radiation emitted by the semiconductor body of the first wavelength which is emitted perpendicularly or approximately perpendicular to the main extension plane of the active semiconductor layer sequence, passes through . first selectively reflecting layer_ practically complete.
  • the radiation yield of the component is advantageously further increased.
  • the semiconductor body does not emit radiation of a single first wavelength, but radiation of a plurality of different first wavelengths, which are preferably encompassed by a common first wavelength range.
  • the first or possibly the second wavelength conversion substance converts radiation at least from a single first wavelength into radiation of at least one further, second or third one Wavelength around.
  • the first or possibly the second wavelength conversion substance converts radiation of a plurality of first wavelengths, which are preferably encompassed by a first wavelength range, into radiation of a plurality of further, second or third wavelengths, which in turn are preferably encompassed by a further common second or third wavelength range ,
  • the first or the second wavelength conversion substance converts radiation of the first wavelength into radiation of the second or third wavelength by absorbing them, thereby changing over to an excited state and returning to the ground state by reemission of radiation of a longer wavelength.
  • FIG. 1A a schematic sectional view of an optoelectronic component according to a first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 1B emission spectrum of a semiconductor body according to the first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 1D shows a tabular representation of a layer sequence of a selectively reflecting layer according to the first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 1C representation of the refractive index profile as a function of the layer thickness according to the layer sequence from FIG.
  • FIG. 1F reflectivity of the selectively reflecting layer according to FIGS.
  • FIG. 1C shows a schematic sectional view of an optoelectronic component according to a variant of the first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 a schematic sectional view of an optoelectronic component according to a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 a schematic sectional view of an optoelectronic component according to a third exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 a schematic sectional view of an optoelectronic component according to a fourth exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 5 a schematic sectional view of an optoelectronic component according to a fifth embodiment
  • Figure 6 a schematic sectional view of an optoelectronic component according to a sixth embodiment.
  • identical or identically acting components are each provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the illustrated elements and their size relationships are basically not to be regarded as true to scale, but individual elements, such as layer thicknesses or particle sizes, for exaggerated understanding and / or better representability can be exaggerated.
  • a light-emitting diode chip which comprises an active semiconductor layer sequence 2, which in the present case is based on a nitride compound semiconductor material, is used as the radiation-emitting semiconductor body 1
  • semiconductor layer sequence 2 During operation, semiconductor layer sequence 2 generates radiation of a first wavelength from the blue spectral range, which is emitted during operation from a front side 3 of the semiconductor body 1.
  • An emission spectrum of an active semiconductor layer sequence 2 which emits radiation of a first wavelength from the blue spectral range can be seen, for example, in FIG. 1B.
  • the first wavelengths that the semiconductor body emits are comprised of a first wavelength range 21 having an intensity maximum at about 460 nm.
  • the semiconductor body 1 is mounted on a carrier 4, for example a printed circuit board, and is enclosed by a casing 5, which has a first Wavelength conversion substance 6 and a matrix material 7 has.
  • the first wavelength conversion substance 6 converts the radiation of the first wavelength into radiation of a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, which in the present case originates, for example, from the yellow spectral range.
  • first wavelength conversion substance 6 which converts the radiation of the first wavelength from the blue spectral range, as shown for example in FIG. 1B, into radiation of a second wavelength from the yellow spectral range
  • YAG Ce
  • another suitable garnet phosphor such as (Y a LUbGd c Tbd) 3 (Al x Ga y ) 5 Oi 2 : Ce.
  • These phosphors include, for example, cerium-doped TbAl garnet phosphor and cerium-doped (Y, Gd) Al garnet phosphor.
  • Suitable phosphors which in particular emit radiation in the yellow wavelength range are, for example, a rare earth-doped orthosilicate phosphor such as A 2 SiO 4 : Eu 2+ , where A may represent Sr and / or Ba, and an oxynitride phosphor such as (Ca, Sr, Ba) Si 2 O 2 N 2 : Eu.
  • a rare earth-doped orthosilicate phosphor such as A 2 SiO 4 : Eu 2+
  • A may represent Sr and / or Ba
  • an oxynitride phosphor such as (Ca, Sr, Ba) Si 2 O 2 N 2 : Eu.
  • a phosphor can be used which, for example, radiation of the first wavelength, such as from the blue spectral range, as shown for example in Figure IB, in radiation of a second wavelength of the red spectral range converts.
  • These phosphors include sulfidic systems such as (Sr, Ca) S: Eu and nitride phosphors such as (Sr, Ca) 2 Si 5 N 8 : Eu or CaAlSiN 3 : Eu, and phosphors chemically related to these systems.
  • the emission spectrum of a wavelength conversion substance 6, which converts radiation of a first wavelength from the blue spectral range into radiation of a second wavelength from the yellow spectral range, is shown by way of example in FIG. As can be seen here, the second wavelengths that the first wavelength conversion substance 6 emits are likewise encompassed by a second wavelength range 61.
  • the intensity maximum of this emission spectrum is about 560 niti.
  • the first wavelength conversion substance 6 is present in the form of particles, which are preferably distributed substantially homogeneously in the matrix material 7 of the envelope 5.
  • Wavelength conversion substance 6 are largely evenly distributed at least in a partial volume of the matrix material 7.
  • the particles are not agglomerated as far as possible or in a negligible manner.
  • a first selectively reflecting layer 8 covers the surface facing the radiation-emitting front side 3 and the flanks 1001 of the semiconductor body 1 (see FIG.
  • the first selectively reflective layer 8 selectively reflects radiation of the second wavelength into the cladding 5 and is transmissive to radiation of the first wavelength.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer 8 comprises, for example, a sequence of alternating low and high refractive index dielectric layers.
  • the refractive index difference between the materials is high so that the number of layers is small.
  • the dielectric materials used preferably absorb only slightly radiation of the first wavelength and radiation of the second wavelength.
  • silicon dioxide SiC> 2 having a refractive index of about 1.5 is used as the low-refractive index material.
  • These low-refraction SiO 2 layers alternate with highly refractive layers comprising, for example, titanium dioxide (TiC> 2) with a refractive index of about 2.9.
  • titanium dioxide it is also possible, for example, to use magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), tantalum oxide (TaO) or hafnium dioxide (HfO 2 ) as a high refractive index material.
  • MgF 2 magnesium fluoride
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • TaO tantalum oxide
  • hafnium dioxide HfO 2
  • Evaporation process and / or by evaporation using an electron beam, sputtered or by means of chemical process are applied.
  • a layer sequence consisting of epitaxially grown layers can continue as a first selectively reflective layer 8 are applied, the N-layers are built up, for example, alternately of GaN layers and Al x Ga ⁇ _ X where suitably adjusted by selection of the aluminum content of the refractive index difference between the layers becomes.
  • the selectively reflecting layer 8 can be slurried, spin-coated or sprayed on.
  • a series of layers such as SiO 2 and TiO 2 layers, are applied by a sol-gel process.
  • a photoresist layer or polymer layer in particular a sequence of photoresist and / or polymer layers having an alternatingly high, and "low refractive index, is preferably sprayed or spin-coated.
  • FIG. 1C shows the refractive index of the layer sequence of the first selectively reflecting layer 8 as a function of the layer thickness according to the tabulation of FIG.
  • the layer sequence according to FIGS. ID and IE comprises a sequence of ten layer pairs, each having a SiO 2 layer with a low refractive index of approximately 1.5 and a TiO 2 layer with a high refractive index of approximately 2.9. Furthermore, the layer sequence is constructed in such a way that layer pairs are combined into layer packages whose SiO 2 layers or TiO 2 layers each have similar thicknesses.
  • the first layer package comprises the layers one to six, ie three pairs of layers each of a TiO 2 layer (high refractive index of about 2.9) and a SiO 2 layer (low refractive index of about 1.5), wherein the thicknesses of the TiO 2 - layers between about 60 nm and about 80 ran and the thicknesses of the SiO 2 layers between about 128 nm and about 200 nm.
  • the second layer package comprises the layers seven to fourteen, ie four pairs of layers each comprising a TiO 2 layer and an SiO 2 layer, wherein the thicknesses of the TiO 2 layers are between about 60 nm and about 80 nm and the thicknesses of the SiO 2 layers between about 60 nm and about 95 nm.
  • the third layer packet is constructed similarly to the first layer packet. It comprises layers fifteen to twenty, wherein the thicknesses of the TiO 2 layers are between about 60 nm and about 80 nm and the thicknesses of the SiO 2 layers between about 110 nm and about 200 nm. The difference in thickness between the low-refraction SiO 2 layer and the high-refraction TiO 2 layer of a layer pair is thus significantly greater within the first and the third layer package than within the second layer package.
  • the layer sequence according to the figures ID and IE selectively reflects radiation, as the reflection spectrum of FIG. IF shows.
  • the reflectivity of this layer sequence is small for wavelengths ⁇ ⁇ G , while for wavelengths ⁇ > ⁇ G it is almost 100%, wherein the cut-off wavelength ⁇ G is 500 nm.
  • the high reflectivity over a relatively large wavelength range (from about 500 nm to about 800 nm) is achieved in particular by the structure described above with the different thicknesses of the high refractive and the low refractive layers. In the case of the component according to FIG.
  • radiation of the first wavelength is generated from the blue spectral range within the active semiconductor layer sequence 2 and, except for small portions of the radiation emitted by the flanks 1001 of the semiconductor body 1, emitted from its front side 3. Since the first selectively reflecting layer 8 is transmissive to the radiation of the first wavelength, it passes through it almost unhindered and penetrates into the envelope 5 with the first wavelength conversion substance 6. Does radiation of the first wavelength strike a particle of the first wavelength?
  • Wavelength conversion substance 6 it is converted into radiation of the second wavelength from the yellow spectral range. As it passes through the enclosure 5, a portion of the radiation of the first wavelength is converted into radiation of the second wavelength, while a further portion of the radiation of the first wavelength passes through the enclosure 5 unconverted, so that the component has mixed radiation with a color location in the white area of the CIE standard color chart emits radiation of the first wavelength from the blue spectral range and radiation of the second wavelength from the yellow spectral range. If converted radiation of the second wavelength strikes the first selectively reflecting layer 8, it is reflected by it back into the cladding 5 and is advantageously not absorbed by the semiconductor body 1.
  • the limiting wavelength ⁇ G is the angle of incidence ⁇ of an electromagnetic radiation 201 incident on the first selectively reflecting layer 8, 202, 601 to the surface normal 19 dependent. In the present case, it decreases with increasing angle of incidence ⁇ .
  • a part of the electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength 201 is emitted from the
  • Wavelength-length conversion substance 6 is converted into longer-wavelength electromagnetic radiation 601, for example with a wavelength in the yellow spectral range, approximately 600 nm.
  • the converted electromagnetic radiation 601 is reflected by the first selectively reflecting layer 8, in particular at all angles of incidence ⁇ .
  • the selectively reflective layer 8 is monolithically integrated in the front side 3 of the semiconductor body 1 in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. For example, it is constructed alternately from epitaxially grown GaN layers and Al x Ga x X N layers and constitutes a Bragg reflector. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 1A, the flanks 1001 of the semiconductor body 1 are free of the selectively reflecting layer 8th.
  • the semiconductor body 1 is a thin-film light-emitting diode chip having a thickness of less than or equal to 20 ⁇ m, for example 10 ⁇ m.
  • the thin-film light-emitting diode chip 1 is based on a nitride compound semiconductor material and comprises an n-doped layer 101, in the present case an n-doped charge carrier confinement layer, the active layer or active semiconductor layer sequence 2 and a p doped carrier confinement layer 102.
  • the production of the thin-film light-emitting diode chip comprises the epitaxial growth of the semiconductor body 1 onto a growth substrate.
  • the n-type carrier confinement layer 101 is adjacent to the growth substrate, and the p-type carrier confinement layer faces away from the growth substrate.
  • the thin-film LED chip 1 is mounted on a subcarrier 40. Between the auxiliary carrier 40 and the semiconductor body 1, that is on the main surface of the Semiconductor body 1, which is adjacent to the p-type carrier confinement layer 102, a reflector layer 41 is arranged. The growth substrate adjacent to the n-type carrier confinement layer 101 is thinned or removed.
  • the thin-film light-emitting diode chip 1 for example the n-doped and / or the p-doped charge carrier confinement layer 101, 102, has a surface or layer with a mixing structure which results in an approximately ergodic distribution of the light in the semiconductor body leads.
  • the semiconductor body 1 has an approximately Lambertian radiation characteristic, so that a large part of the light is emitted perpendicular to the main extension plane of the active semiconductor layer sequence 2.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer 8 is also formed laterally of the semiconductor body 1 on the bottom of the carrier 4.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer 8 it is also possible to form laterally of the semiconductor body 1 a smooth or diffuse layer in a wide wavelength range of the visible light, ie a non-selectively reflecting layer 9, for example a metal layer comprising gold or silver.
  • the first wavelength conversion substance 6 in the optoelectronic component according to FIG. 3 is not contained in the cladding 5, but is comprised by a first wavelength conversion layer 10 which is applied to the Front side 3 of the semiconductor body 1 is applied adjacent to the first selectively reflecting layer 8.
  • the first wavelength conversion layer 10 has a matrix material 11 in which the particles of the first wavelength conversion substance 6 are preferably distributed substantially homogeneously.
  • the optoelectronic component according to FIG. 4 comprises a second wavelength conversion substance 12 which converts part of the radiation of the first wavelength into radiation of a third wavelength different from the first and second wavelengths.
  • the second wavelength conversion substance 12 likewise has particles which are preferably distributed substantially homogeneously in a matrix material 13 of a second wavelength conversion layer 14.
  • the second wavelength conversion layer 14, like the first wavelength conversion layer 10 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, is arranged adjacent to the first selectively reflecting layer 8, which is encompassed by the front side 3 of the semiconductor body 1.
  • the second wavelength conversion layer 14 with the second wavelength conversion substance 12 can be used, for example, in conjunction with a semiconductor body 1 whose active semiconductor layer sequence 2 generates electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength from the ultraviolet range.
  • the second wavelength conversion substance 12 preferably converts a part of the ultraviolet radiation of the semiconductor body 1 into radiation of a third wavelength from the yellow spectral range, while a further part of the radiation of the first Wavelength from the ultraviolet spectral range is preferably converted from the first wavelength conversion substance 6 into radiation of a second wavelength from the blue spectral range, so that the component emits mixed radiation of radiation of the first wavelength and radiation of the second wavelength with a color location in the white area of the CIE standard color chart.
  • the radiation of the first wavelength is preferably completely converted into radiation of the second and the third wavelength by the first wavelength conversion substance 6 and the second wavelength conversion substance 12.
  • the second wavelength conversion substance 12 for example contained in a second wavelength conversion layer 14 as in FIG. 4, but can also be used in conjunction with a semiconductor body 1 which emits radiation of a first wavelength from the visible, for example blue, spectral range.
  • the second wavelength conversion substance 12 converts in the
  • Wavelength conversion layer 14 converts a portion of the radiation of the first wavelength into radiation of a third wavelength from the red spectral range, while the first wavelength conversion substance 10 in the envelope 5 a further portion of the radiation of the first wavelength from the blue spectral range in radiation of a second wavelength from the green spectral range converts.
  • the component also emits mixed radiation having a color location in the white region of the CIE standard color chart which comprises radiation of the first wavelength from the blue spectral range, radiation of the second wavelength from the green spectral range and radiation of the third wavelength from the red spectral range.
  • the semiconductor body 1 is mounted in the device according to the embodiment of Figure 5 is not mounted on a support 4, but in a reflector trough 15 of a component housing, which serves the beam shaping.
  • the semiconductor body 1 is surrounded by a cladding 5, which comprises the first wavelength conversion substance 10.
  • the component according to FIG. 1 is surrounded by a cladding 5, which comprises the first wavelength conversion substance 10.
  • the fifth also has a second selectively reflecting layer 16 which is arranged downstream of the first wavelength conversion substance 6 in the emission direction of the semiconductor body 1 and a defined part of the radiation of the first wavelength emitted by the semiconductor body 1 is reflected in the envelope 5, which comprises the first wavelength conversion substance 6, and is permeable to converted radiation of the second wavelength.
  • the second selectively reflecting layer 16 is also constructed of, for example, alternating high and low refractive index dielectric layers. Subsequently, in the emission direction of the semiconductor body 1, further matrix material 7 of the cladding 5 is applied to the second selectively reflecting layer 16.
  • the semiconductor body 1 is mounted in a reflector trough 15 of a component housing and electrically contacted with a bonding wire (not shown) on its front side 3.
  • the formed by the reflector pan 15 recess is filled with a potting compound 5, which surrounds the semiconductor body.
  • the sheath 5 does not contain a wavelength conversion substance in the present case. Alternatively, it is entirely possible to dispense with the wrapping 5.
  • the device comprises a cover element 18, which has a carrier substrate 17, for example a glass substrate.
  • the glass substrate has a thickness between 10 and 300 ⁇ m, with the boundaries included. In the present case it has a thickness of about 100 microns.
  • the carrier substrate 17 may also be a foil, for example a nitrocellulose membrane.
  • the film preferably has a thickness between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, more preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, the boundaries being included in each case. For example, the thickness of the film is about 2 microns.
  • the first selectively reflecting layer 8 is arranged on the side facing away from the semiconductor body 1, in this case also parallel to the front side 3 of the semiconductor body 1, the main surface
  • the first wavelength conversion layer 10 is arranged.
  • the cover member 18 is mechanically stable connected to the component housing, in particular with an edge of the reflector trough 15 and / or with the enclosure 5, for example glued.
  • a further smooth or diffusely reflecting layer may additionally be formed, which reflects radiation emitted by the semiconductor body to the front side of the component, in particular to the cover element.
  • the first and second wavelength conversion materials 6, 12 are preferably selected from the group consisting of rare earth doped garnets, rare earth doped alkaline earth sulfides, rare earth doped thiogalates, metals rare earth doped aluminates, rare earth doped orthosilicates, rare earth doped chlorosilicates, rare earth doped alkaline earth silicon nitrides, rare earth doped oxynitrides, and rare earth doped aluminum oxynitrides.
  • the first wavelength conversion layer 10 and the second wavelength conversion layer 14 are preferably transparent curable polymeric materials such as epoxies, acrylates, polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, silicones, polysiloxane-containing polymers or mixtures of these materials ,

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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un composant optoélectronique comprenant un corps à semi-conducteur (1) qui comprend une série de couches de semi-conducteur active (2) qui est en mesure de produire un rayonnement électromagnétique qui a une première longueur d'onde et est émis par un côté avant (3) du corps à semi-conducteur (1). Le composant comprend en outre une première matière de conversion de longueur d'onde (6) qui est disposée en aval du corps à semi-conducteur (1) dans sa direction d'émission de rayonnement, et qui convertit le rayonnement de première longueur d'onde en un rayonnement ayant une seconde longueur d'onde différente de la première, et une première couche à réflexion sélective (8) qui est disposée entre la série de couches de semi-conducteur active (2) et la première matière de conversion de longueur d'onde (6), réfléchit le rayonnement de seconde longueur d'onde et est perméable au rayonnement de première longueur d'onde.
EP06791402A 2005-09-28 2006-09-27 Composant optoelectronique emettant un rayonnement Ceased EP1929548A1 (fr)

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DE102005046368 2005-09-28
DE102005062514A DE102005062514A1 (de) 2005-09-28 2005-12-27 Optoelektronisches Bauelement
PCT/DE2006/001701 WO2007036214A1 (fr) 2005-09-28 2006-09-27 Composant optoelectronique emettant un rayonnement

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TWI334651B (en) 2010-12-11
WO2007036214A1 (fr) 2007-04-05
CN101297412A (zh) 2008-10-29
JP2009510744A (ja) 2009-03-12
US20090261366A1 (en) 2009-10-22
CN101297412B (zh) 2011-04-06
DE102005062514A1 (de) 2007-03-29
US8598604B2 (en) 2013-12-03
TW200717879A (en) 2007-05-01

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