EP1902292A1 - Procede de localisation de fuites dans des tuyaux - Google Patents

Procede de localisation de fuites dans des tuyaux

Info

Publication number
EP1902292A1
EP1902292A1 EP06764105A EP06764105A EP1902292A1 EP 1902292 A1 EP1902292 A1 EP 1902292A1 EP 06764105 A EP06764105 A EP 06764105A EP 06764105 A EP06764105 A EP 06764105A EP 1902292 A1 EP1902292 A1 EP 1902292A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipeline
resistance
test
conductor
impedance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06764105A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bier Günther
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1902292A1 publication Critical patent/EP1902292A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G01M3/18—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G01M3/165—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means by means of cables or similar elongated devices, e.g. tapes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting and optionally locating leaks in pipelines for the transport of liquid or gaseous media by means of at least one along the longitudinal extent of the pipeline from a starting point to an end point extending electrical conductor, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Pipelines for the transport of liquid or gaseous media are widespread and mostly underground. These are, for example, water pipes or district heating pipes, whereby in the case of the latter the transport medium can also be present in gaseous form in the form of water vapor.
  • the transport medium In order to keep the leakage of the medium and in the case of district heating pipelines the loss of energy due to leaks as small as possible, the quickest possible detection of these leaks is necessary. In order to further minimize the labor and cost of repairing the damage, it is also desirable to locate this leak as accurately as possible.
  • Different methods are known for detecting and locating leaks.
  • One possibility is, for example, the measurement of the time echo pulse-shaped test signals in electrical monitoring conductors, which are laid in the vicinity of the pipeline.
  • electrical monitoring conductors which are laid in the vicinity of the pipeline.
  • the plastic jacket is in turn provided with a water-impermeable protective cover.
  • This arrangement is also referred to below as a composite pipe. The occurring due to the discharge of the transport medium moistening of the plastic sheath reduces the insulation resistance between the pipeline and the electrical monitoring conductor or between the monitoring conductors, and thus represents a low-impedance point at which the voltage pulses are reflected.
  • Another way to detect a leak consists essentially in the use of a resistance measuring bridge.
  • the electrical resistance between a high-impedance conductor, such as a nickel-chromium conductor, and a low-resistance conductor, such as a copper wire or the conductive tube monitored.
  • a threshold for the electrical resistance is defined, wherein falls below this threshold, an alarm signal is generated and the location is made.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the resistance behavior of the overall system of pipeline, electrical monitoring conductor, their joints, the separating filler material and the voltage sources and measuring devices during the service life of the pipe line is not constant, although the pipe in which the medium is transported , is still intact. Rather, it comes about in the course of damage to the pipe network and the associated moisture ingress from outside the pipe network, or due to temperature changes to variations in the degree of moisture within the pipe network without the pipeline would be defective.
  • the invention is based on the view that the filling material separating the at least one monitoring conductor and the pipeline represents a dielectric which changes over the course of the operating time and has complex electrolytic and sometimes galvanic properties.
  • the measurement of a mere resistance value and its comparison with a threshold that is the focus of the considerations, but rather the "resistance behavior" of the entire system is examined, because it shows that creeping resistance changes due to factors other than a leak are quite likely due to changes differentiate between actual leaks.
  • Claim 1 thus relates to a method for detecting and optionally locating leaks in pipes for the transport of liquid or gaseous media by means of at least one extending along the longitudinal extent of the pipeline from a starting point to an end point, electrical conductor, which is provided according to the invention that between two electrical conductors or between an electrical conductor and the pipe a defined test voltage is applied, and the resistance ⁇ or impedance behavior between the beginning and end of the two conductors or the conductor and the pipe is determined with intact piping, and at later times the resistance or impedance behavior is determined at the same test voltages and compared with the resistance or impedance behavior known for the intact pipeline, wherein from the deviations of the determined at later times resistance or impedance behavior s is closed by that for the intact pipeline on the presence of a leak.
  • a measured resistance value is not compared with a threshold value, but the observed resistance or impedance behavior is compared with that with an intact pipeline.
  • the determination of the resistance or impedance behavior between the start and end point of the two conductors or of the conductor and the pipeline with intact pipeline not only involves the mere determination of a resistance value at a certain DC voltage value, but can also determine the resistance values at several DC voltage values, or the impedances at multiple AC amplitudes and frequencies. It is also not excluded, in the determination of the resistance or impedance behavior with intact pipeline also empirical values that are gained in the course of the operating life of the pipe line to flow, such as when cyclical changes or a gradual change in resistance or Impedance behavior are observed. For example, those cases of false alarms may be eliminated where a resistance value has fallen below a threshold established in current practices, but it is clear from comparison with the resistance performance of intact piping that the change in resistance value is due to other factors.
  • a further advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the fact that it is also possible to work with several test voltages when comparing the resistance or impedance behavior with intact piping, which is not possible with the mere monitoring of a threshold value.
  • the completion of a test program in which, for example, resistance values or impedance values at different voltage values and frequencies, that is to say the "resistance or impedance behavior", are determined and evaluated, can be carried out automatically at fixed time intervals.
  • Claim 2 provides that the test voltage is at least one DC voltage value.
  • Claim 3 provides that the test voltage is an AC voltage having at least one defined frequency and amplitude.
  • Claim 4 provides that the resistance or impedance behavior is measured both at the starting point and at the end point of the electrical conductors. This allows precise location of the leak. If the resistance or impedance behavior is measured only at the beginning or end point of the electrical conductors, a location of the leak can be made only with limited accuracy, so that in this case is limited primarily to the detection of a leak.
  • a concrete procedure for measuring the impedance behavior is proposed in claim 5. Claim 5 suggests that
  • Monitoring conductor is coupled as the first feed signal
  • Feed signal is coupled in,
  • Pipeline is compared.
  • test signal An impedance behavior determined in this way is also referred to below as a jump or impulse response of the pipe network.
  • test voltage the term “test signal” is also used below.
  • Such a procedure can be run in particular according to claim 6 as part of a test program with different test signals.
  • different frequencies, voltage amplitudes, pulse duration or pulse pattern can be coupled in a sequence of the test program and the corresponding response signals are evaluated.
  • the test program can be repeated. The repetition of a measurement with variation of the test signal makes it possible to narrow down any leak that may have occurred more accurately.
  • the impedance between two electrical conductors or between an electrical conductor and the pipeline determined by means of defined test voltages, each having different frequencies and their frequency dependence is compared to that of intact piping.
  • a delimitation of the leak is also possible, it being assumed here that the leaking from a leak medium causes a change in capacitance in the region of the leak to the surrounding earth.
  • the earth represents a known quantity, wherein the changes in the mass ratio occurring at the location of the leak due to the leak lead to a change in the impedance conditions.
  • test signal generator with a correspondingly high peak power is required.
  • a signal generator with a correspondingly high peak power is required.
  • at least one digital amplifier and at least one analog amplifier are connected in series to generate the test voltage.
  • test signals of the required quality and suitable frequency response can be generated with relatively high efficiency.
  • claim 9 is provided in particular that two digital amplifier stages are used, whose output signals are fed to an analog amplifier.
  • 1 is a schematic representation of a cross section of a composite pipe with two monitoring conductors
  • 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for determining the impedance behavior at AC voltage
  • 4 is a schematic representation for determining the impedance behavior of a pipeline route
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram for generating a test signal
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a circuit implementation for forming a test signal
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a control technology implementation for forming a test signal.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a cross section of a composite pipe 8, as they are widely used for the transport of liquid or gaseous media.
  • the composite tube 8 is usually difficult to access over long distances, e.g. underground, guided. These are, for example, water pipes or district heating pipes, whereby in the case of the latter the transport medium can also be present in gaseous form in the form of water vapor.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for monitoring pipelines for transporting media of all kinds, provided that the transported medium is electrically conductive, with a conductivity of the transport medium of a few ⁇ S / cm is already sufficient.
  • the composite tube 8 has the pipe 1, such as a steel or copper pipe, for the transport of the liquid or gaseous medium, as well as electrical monitoring conductor 2, which are laid in the vicinity of the pipe 1.
  • the pipe 1 in which the medium is transported, wrapped with a thermally and electrically insulating sheath 3, in which the electrical conductors 2 are embedded, as well as with a waterproof protective cover 4.
  • the thermally and electrically insulating material may be about plastic , such as rigid polyurethane foam, glass or rock wool, or a fiber insulation.
  • plastic jacket 3 has electrically insulating properties in the dry state.
  • the monitoring conductors 2 is a high-impedance conductor 2, such as a nickel-chromium conductor, and optionally a low-resistance conductor 2, such as a copper wire or a copper-nickel conductor.
  • a high-impedance conductor 2 such as a nickel-chromium conductor
  • a low-resistance conductor 2 such as a copper wire or a copper-nickel conductor.
  • the electrical resistance between the high-resistance conductor 2 and the low-resistance conductor 2 and optionally also between the high-resistance conductor 2 and the tube 1 is monitored.
  • the electrical resistance between the high-resistance conductor 2 and the conductive tube 1 is monitored.
  • the invention is based on the view that the filling material 3 separating the at least one monitoring conductor 2 and the pipeline 1 represents a dielectric which changes over the course of the operating time and has complex electrolytic and sometimes galvanic properties. A leak significantly changes the dielectric properties, and thus the resistance behavior of the overall system.
  • FIG. 2 To model the electrical properties of the overall system, reference is made to an equivalent circuit diagram, which is shown in FIG. 2 for DC test signals U M and the use of only one monitoring conductor 2, and in FIG. 3 for AC test signals u L.
  • the pipeline route is assumed to be a series connection of resistors R ', with different route lengths II and II of the pipeline route being reproduced by means of a different number of resistors R'.
  • the measuring voltage U M is applied at a starting point, and measured at an end point, the output voltage U Ma .
  • the area of the leak is regarded as an error voltage source t £ between pipe 1 and conductor 2 with the internal resistance Rp.
  • FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram when only one monitoring conductor 2 and alternating voltage test signals u L i and u L 2 are used.
  • the pipe section is defined by the resistors R ', inductive resistors L' and capacitive resistors C with the conductance G '. modeled. Different lengths of pipe sections Ii and I2 are again represented by a different number of R 'L' C resistive elements.
  • the measuring voltage u L i is applied at a starting point, and the output voltage is measured at an end point.
  • the area of the leak is called capacitive connection C F between pipe 1 and conductor 2 with resistance ⁇ B? construed. From the ratio of the impedance distribution at the starting point and end point of the line can be concluded that the position of the leak in the pipeline system. This will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration for determining the impedance behavior of a pipeline section, which comprises the composite pipe 8.
  • a measuring device Ma or M b is mounted in each case at a starting point and at an end point of the pipeline route to be monitored. Both devices Ma and M b are connected to a server 15, which controls the measurement, and on which the evaluation of the measured data takes place.
  • a test signal u L is alternately emitted by the two measuring devices M a and M b and analyzed on the respectively opposite side of the measuring arrangement.
  • the measuring device M a first generates a test signal u L i, and evaluates the impedance distribution at the feed point at the starting point of a pipeline route where it is coupled in as an input signal. At the end point of the pipeline route, it is subsequently measured as the first response signal.
  • the first response signal is then generated by the measuring device M B one of the first test voltage corresponding second test voltage u L 2 and coupled at the end of a monitoring conductor as a second feed signal.
  • This second feed-in signal is measured at the starting point as a second response signal.
  • the measurement data are transmitted to the evaluation unit 15, for example a server, where the correlation of the feed and response signals with the respective test voltages u L i, u L 2 is determined and compared with that for the intact pipeline 1.
  • This Vogangmud can be traversed as part of a test program with different test signals u L , in which different parameters of the test signal 14 are varied. It can be coupled within a sequence of the test program about different frequencies, voltage amplitudes, pulse duration or pulse pattern and the corresponding response signals are evaluated. At predetermined time intervals, the test program can be repeated.
  • This evaluation procedure is based on an evaluation and analysis program, which is evaluated by evaluating the change in the Impedance behavior of the line as well as by the reaction of the line to adaptively adjusted test signals can assess the line with regard to leaks.
  • an evaluation and analysis program which is evaluated by evaluating the change in the Impedance behavior of the line as well as by the reaction of the line to adaptively adjusted test signals can assess the line with regard to leaks.
  • the simpler conduction state analysis that is to say the detection of a leak without its location
  • only a tendency analysis is carried out on the impedance response of the arrangement. A tendency to sudden change, if it occurs outside of certain tolerances allowed on almost all test frequencies with the same tendency leads to error detection and signaling.
  • the fault location is determined specifically from both sides of the line with test signals as the ratio of the respectively opposite test responses.
  • the process is roughly described as follows. If the line condition analysis identifies a fault, the impedance distribution is started to be alternately determined from both sides of the line. The test signals are adaptively changed so that a representative spectrum can be recorded over the entire test frequency range. The measurement series thus determined are statistically set in relative relation to each other, and the ratio of the respective results is extrapolated to the location of the defect.
  • the quality of the method is closely related to the signal quality of the test signals (and their adaptive control) and the measurement accuracy. In practice, resolutions of better than 1% can be computationally realized. The temporal course of the moisture penetration is also recorded, since with increasing moisture in the insulation, the determination of the exact leakage becomes more and more inaccurate. This allows a later calculation and determination of the actual leak.
  • the determination of the impedance behavior between the start and end point of the Pipe line and the conductor 2 includes not only the mere determination of a single impedance value, but also the determination of impedance values at multiple AC amplitudes and frequencies, or variations of the test signal u L of other kind.
  • the respective step response of the overall system for all these test cases forms the "Impedance behavior" of the entire system, which is initially charged with intact pipeline 1.
  • the impedance behavior between the beginning and end point of the conductor 2 and the pipe 1 is subsequently repeatedly determined at arbitrary, later points in time and compared with the impedance behavior known for the intact pipeline 1, wherein the deviations of the impedance behavior determined at any given time from that is closed for the intact pipeline 1 to the presence of a leak.
  • the repetition of a measurement with variation of the test signal u L makes it possible to narrow down any leak that may have occurred more accurately.
  • test signal u L As already mentioned, an impedance detection over a sufficiently large frequency range makes special demands on the test signal u L , in particular when using high-resistance nickel or nickel-chromium lines Signal generator with correspondingly high peak power is required.
  • a circuit principle according to FIG. 5 is therefore proposed by way of example in which two digital amplifiers 7, 10 and one analog amplifier 13 are connected in series to generate the test signal U 1 , wherein they are coupled by a capacitance Q 1 , b are.
  • the voltage u L apparent in FIG. 5 represents the input voltage for the impedance measurement, ie the test signal.
  • FIG. 6 A possible circuit implementation of such a cascaded linear / switching amplifier is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the two digital amplifier stages 7, 10 each include the switches Si and S 4 , which are designed as transistors, and the diodes Di and D 4, respectively.
  • the output voltages Ui and U2 represent the input signal to the analog amplifier, the amplified signal again being labeled u L.
  • This circuit is drawn for the special case of driving loads with regard to the leak location.
  • FIG. 7 A possible control technology implementation for shaping a test signal u L suitable for the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. 7.
  • a reference voltage U REF is supplied to the signal generators 5,6.
  • the AC voltage u R formed by the signal generator 6 is supplied to the two digital amplifier stages 7, 10, whereby a constant value K can also be added or subtracted for the correction of signal errors due to structural tolerances or temperature fluctuations.
  • the resulting signal is identified in FIG. 7 by u R i and u R 2, respectively.
  • a Vorabregelung 9 the switches S a , b of the digital amplifier stages 7,10 controlled.
  • the amplified signal is in each case fed to a filter stage 11.
  • the output voltages of the filter stages 11 are fed back and subtracted from the respective input voltages u R i and u R 2, respectively.
  • the output signal ui or U2 ultimately resulting from the respective amplifier stages 7, 10 is then supplied to the analog amplifier 13.
  • the analog-amplified signal passes through a filter stage 14, and is fed back for subtraction from the signal supplied by signal generator 5.
  • the resulting signal passes through a control stage 12, and subsequently serves to control the amplifier stage 13.
  • the inventive method thus enables the reliable detection and location of leaks in pipes 1, in this way improves the monitoring of piping 1 and the maintenance costs can be minimized.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détection et éventuellement de localisation de fuites dans des conduites (1) servant à transporter des fluides liquides ou gazeux au moyen d'au moins un conducteur (2) électrique s'étendant dans le sens de l'extension longitudinale de la conduite (1) d'un point de départ à un point d'arrivée. Selon l'invention, une tension d'essai (U<SUB>M</SUB>, u<SUB>L</SUB>) définie est appliquée entre deux conducteurs (2) électriques ou entre un conducteur (2) électrique et la conduite (1) et les caractéristiques de résistance ou d'impédance entre le point de départ et le point d'arrivée des deux conducteurs (2) ou du conducteur (2) et de la conduite (1) sont déterminées en présence d'une conduite (1) intacte, puis les caractéristiques de résistance ou d'impédance sont déterminées à des moments ultérieurs avec les mêmes tensions d'essai (U<SUB>M</SUB>, u<SUB>L</SUB>) et elles sont comparées avec celles correspondant à la conduite (1) intacte, la présence d'une fuite étant déterminée en fonction des écarts entre les caractéristiques de résistance ou d'impédance déterminées à des moments ultérieurs et les caractéristiques correspondant à la conduite (1) intacte.
EP06764105A 2005-07-13 2006-07-07 Procede de localisation de fuites dans des tuyaux Withdrawn EP1902292A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0118005A AT501758B1 (de) 2005-07-13 2005-07-13 Verfahren zur ortung von leckagen in rohren
PCT/EP2006/064005 WO2007006747A1 (fr) 2005-07-13 2006-07-07 Procede de localisation de fuites dans des tuyaux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1902292A1 true EP1902292A1 (fr) 2008-03-26

Family

ID=37096082

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06764105A Withdrawn EP1902292A1 (fr) 2005-07-13 2006-07-07 Procede de localisation de fuites dans des tuyaux

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7782062B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1902292A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101243311A (fr)
AT (1) AT501758B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2614832A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007006747A1 (fr)

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CN108167659B (zh) * 2018-01-04 2020-03-03 浙江大学 一种地暖管道液体泄漏检测装置及其检测方法
CN108761257B (zh) * 2018-03-21 2024-09-13 北京蓝宇天翔环境科技有限公司 新型的智能热管网泄露和定位监测系统及方法
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CN111780932B (zh) * 2020-07-14 2021-12-21 深圳市效利工程设备有限公司 一种用于地下水管漏点检测装置
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CA2614832A1 (fr) 2007-01-18
WO2007006747A1 (fr) 2007-01-18
US20090115433A1 (en) 2009-05-07
CN101243311A (zh) 2008-08-13
AT501758A4 (de) 2006-11-15
AT501758B1 (de) 2006-11-15
US7782062B2 (en) 2010-08-24

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