EP1893935B1 - Geschoss oder gefechtskopf - Google Patents

Geschoss oder gefechtskopf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1893935B1
EP1893935B1 EP05763381A EP05763381A EP1893935B1 EP 1893935 B1 EP1893935 B1 EP 1893935B1 EP 05763381 A EP05763381 A EP 05763381A EP 05763381 A EP05763381 A EP 05763381A EP 1893935 B1 EP1893935 B1 EP 1893935B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosive
layer
projectile
damming
shell
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Application number
EP05763381A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1893935A1 (de
Inventor
Gerd Kellner
Achim Weihrauch
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Weihrauch Guenter
GEKE Technologie GmbH
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Weihrauch Guenter
GEKE Technologie GmbH
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Publication of EP1893935A1 publication Critical patent/EP1893935A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fragment or sub-projectile projectile or warhead.
  • Explosive projectiles are used to achieve end-ballistic effects with areal easy targets, regardless of the impact velocity of a projectile or warhead by means of explosive-accelerated splinters with a high initial velocity.
  • Such explosive projectiles are characterized in that their volume is taken up for the most part by explosives.
  • projectiles or explosives-filled warheads contain a relatively large mass of explosives, which is not effective to a considerable extent or partially for physical reasons can not be effective at all.
  • the constructive scope is so limited in the previously known ammunition and focuses on the design of the fragmentation shell and the pyrotechnic components.
  • the claim that it is not necessary to dispose a high explosive mass over the entire cross-section of the missile in order to achieve a high penetration rate refers to the explosive bending of the inside hollow warhead jacket. Because the interior of the missile is undoubtedly formed by the drive, the control devices and a Wirkladung.
  • the inner jacket 12c has no function associated with the splitter jacket. Instead, it represents the housing of the engine with the control elements. This is also expressed by the fact that an insulating layer 19 of heat-insulating material is arranged between this jacket 12c and the explosive coating.
  • the EP 0 718 590 A1 which forms a basis for the preamble of claim 1, describes the active part of a rocket or a warhead, which accelerates preformed elements to increase the lateral effectiveness by means of a circular cross-sectional explosive occupancy.
  • the main objective of the described construction is to convert the high detonation velocity of the explosive layer into a relatively low velocity of propagation of the accelerated elements or active parts.
  • the explosive ring 43 accelerating the active parts is initiated via a ring of pellets (ignition elements 82).
  • the explosive jacket 43 is basically in its construction and in its function with the in the DE 35 22 008 identical arrangement described. Due to the property of the explosive or of the explosive mixture, in particular the propagation velocity in connection with the dimensioning of the surrounding sub-projectiles (56) is influenced.
  • projectiles which contain a pyrotechnic charge to increase the end-ballistic effect.
  • U.S. Patent 3,302,570 It describes a type of bullet designed primarily for the purpose of breaking armored steel protection structures while minimizing the required projectile energy. This goal is achieved by a massive penetrator with a relatively small diameter and relatively large length of heavy metal as the core of the projectile structure.
  • the effect in or behind the target should be increased by the use of explosives or fire.
  • the effect of two incendiary devices and the bullet-specific disruption processes are named as factors in addition to the actual target strike.
  • a high density combustible material encloses a penetrator with a thickened head.
  • the material of high density surrounding the penetrator gives the penetrator additional mass and thus projectile energy and also penetrates through the hole punched by the penetrator head. Due to the larger diameter of the head stripping of the combustible material should be prevented.
  • the combustible material is ignited and splinters are generated or burned spent in the target.
  • the central penetrator and the combustible material surrounding it are surrounded by the actual projectile body, which is required to stabilize the projectile in the pipe and in flight.
  • the present invention is based on the consideration that in conventional blasting projectiles, a significant proportion of the pyrotechnic components can not make any appreciable contribution to splinter acceleration. As a result of the detonation of the explosive, it is dissociated, and the splinter shell is essentially accelerated by the resulting reaction gases. The lateral acceleration of the splinter shell causes a direct increase in volume and thus relaxation, so that the pressure components of the explosive inner body can only deliver a correspondingly reduced acceleration component.
  • the aim of the present invention is an end ballistic high efficiency of fragment-forming projectiles and warheads regardless of the impact velocity when using the lowest possible explosive mass. This is achieved by combining an explosive casing with a damming inner body in conjunction with an accelerated to high speed outer shell.
  • an explosive casing with a damming inner body in conjunction with an accelerated to high speed outer shell.
  • the achievable with relatively low explosives occupancy splinter or sub-floor speeds are between a few 100 m / s to near 2,000 m / s and are thus close to those of pure blasting.
  • the explosive compression of the inner damming body results in a wide field of additional possibilities of action.
  • the inner body it is possible to use the inner body to increase the performance of the entire system.
  • examples include the use of special materials, multilayer arrangements, the introduction of sub-floors and the integration of an additional central pyrotechnic component for disassembly and / or acceleration of the inner body.
  • a direction-controlled effect of the splitter can be achieved by the design of the inner damming, in conventional explosive projectiles in this form not possible.
  • Special effects can also be achieved by integrating reactive damming components in the penetrator or warhead interior.
  • the overall performance of the splinters of accelerating ammunition proposed here is far above those of known explosive projectiles or special munitions.
  • the present invention relies on the effect of internal containment coupled with significantly lower explosive mass to achieve comparable slab or sub-bunker speeds as compared to conventional explosive projectiles.
  • An estimate of the achievable splitter speed is made below.
  • the velocity of the envelope is determined by three largely independent effects: the mass distribution between the shell to be accelerated and the inner support, the energy of the explosive layer (energy per unit volume and thickness), and the considered area element size (influenced by the forming element) splitter sizes).
  • This circumstance is illustrated by the theoretical estimate of the fragmentation speed, which can be done, for example, using the Gurney equation known from the relevant literature.
  • the mass distribution of the two accelerated sheets ie the damming ratio
  • play a decisive role but also the sandwich size.
  • the theoretical speed is 5 mm steel coverage, large explosive thickness (> 20 mm) and high internal containment above 2,000 m / s.
  • the initial splitter speed in the order of 1,000 m / s and the speed of the inwardly accelerated hollow cylinder due the relatively low attenuation still at about 500 m / s.
  • D / 3 can be assumed to be a good approximation to the characteristic Gurney speed.
  • the splitter speed is thus proportional to the detonation velocity of the explosive used.
  • D / 3 values between 2,600 m / s and 3,000 m / s (mean 2,800 m / s) can be assumed. This formulation is helpful, since it is usually the detonation velocity that is known rather than the Gurney velocity.
  • the optimal implementation of the explosive energy in fragmentation speed so that correspondingly high speeds at relatively low explosive thicknesses possible.
  • the influence of the inner damming can be taken into account by a factor, which should be called the Damming Factor (VF). It is dependent on the sizes M / C, M inner-insulation / M- shell , Rho- core , sigma- core and the Hygoniot-properties of the inner medium. The following estimates can be assumed: Thick sheaths and thick explosive layers as well as thin sheaths and thick explosive layers result in a factor of 1.1 to 1.2. This corresponds to a speed increase of 10% to 20%.
  • VF Damming Factor
  • Fig. 1A shows the basic structure of a spin-stabilized explosive layer chip projectile 1 A with a splinter shell / a splinter shell / a fragmentary projectile casing 2, an underlying explosive layer / explosives occupancy / explosives surface / pyrotechnic layer 3 and a damming inner body 4.
  • Indicated are integrated ignition elements with control or Ignition electronics for the explosive layer.
  • the triggering and triggering of the explosive layer must be adapted to the respective state of the art. The effectiveness of the arrangement remains largely unaffected.
  • Fig. 1B shown schematically.
  • the basic structure of the explosive layer chip projectile 1 B with splinter shell 2, explosive layer 3 and damming inner body 4 and ignition elements or other projectile or warhead devices is shown.
  • the positioning of the ignition elements is not relevant to the function of the fragment-forming projectile; they can be located in the floor of the floor, in the damming inner body 4, in the bullet point or as modules in several places (cf., eg Fig. 24 and 45 ).
  • Fig. 2 to 23 and Figs. 42 to 45 and 47 to 51 show examples of the cross-sectional configuration of projectiles or warheads according to the present invention.
  • the damming, dynamically correspondingly incompressible inner body 4 is designed as a solid, homogeneous cylindrical component.
  • materials for the damming component are basically all materials into consideration, which cause a desired dynamic damming.
  • Their dynamic properties, and in particular the consequent degree of clogging, are determinative of the achievable splinter speed or the required explosive thickness for achieving a desired acceleration of the casing.
  • the effect of the insulation on the achievable splitter speed is equivalent to the influence of the explosive thickness
  • Fig. 3 the cross section through an explosive layer chipboard with damming inner body 5 is shown.
  • it has an annular cross-section which surrounds a cavity 6.
  • Thickness and material of the ring 5 are to be chosen so that sufficient insulation of the explosive layer takes place.
  • the explosive zone can be composed of one layer as well as of two or more identical or different layers.
  • incompressibility of the damming medium is not a mandatory requirement. Rather, the degree of compressibility affects the achievable speed of the splitter to be accelerated.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-section with multi-layer damming internal structure is shown, wherein in the hollow cylinder designed as a damming inner shell / inner body 5, a second inner body / central body 7 is.
  • components 5 and 7 may have different mechanical or physical properties.
  • an inner body is first compressed and only then causes sufficient or increased damming.
  • Verdämmungs takes place by the design or the structure of the inner body a temporally changing Verdämmungs Escape corresponding to the technical requirements. This property can be referred to as Verdämmungssprung.
  • a whole range of materials with corresponding Hygoniot curves is suitable. According to these considerations, particularly interesting effects can be achieved with materials which have specific Hygoniot properties. These include, for example, glass or glassy substances or liquid or pasty components.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example in which the explosive layer 3A has a circular shape on the outside and an arbitrary shape on the inside (octagonal in this example).
  • the damming inner body 8 shows a corresponding contour.
  • the explosive layer (the explosive shell) 3A can exert a differentiated effect on the splitter shell by virtue of its shape. This can support fragmentation and influence the fragment shape and splinter speed.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example with damming inner body of the explosive layer 3B, which here has an octagonal outer cross section and a circular inner cross section.
  • the splinter shell 2A has an octagonal inner contour corresponding to the shape of the explosive.
  • the fragmentation process of the shell can be influenced by means of different shell thicknesses, densities and explosive layer thicknesses as well as by means of pyrotechnic properties.
  • Fig. 7 shows an example with a basically arbitrary, square in this example cross-section of the damming inner body 9.
  • the explosive body / the explosive part is separated under the splitter shell 2 by the inner body.
  • a simultaneous or non-simultaneous ignition of the explosive segments 10 is possible.
  • the damming inner body 9 can of course also be dimensioned so that the explosive shell is closed for a ring ignition.
  • the inner body 9 can be held in position by means of webs, for example.
  • an inner body 11 having (in this example) a triangular cross-section is combined with inert, pressure-transmitting balance segments 12 that fill the space between the outer surfaces of FIG. 11 and the annular (cylindrical) explosive shell 3.
  • These inert segments 12, for which the same conditions apply to the materials as for the damming inner bodies, can be formed as fragment-forming bodies. Besides, they can contain additional active parts. Of course, these segments can also be assigned other functions. Thus, for example, they can be manufactured as sub-penetrators, for example made of heavy metal, hard metal or hardened steel, for achieving end-ballistic performances.
  • FIG. 9 Another construction for a projectile according to the invention is in Fig. 9 shown. Shown are two variants of cross sections with dynamically effective inner layers / ring surfaces. This dynamic efficiency derives from the specific properties of the layer relative to the passage of shock waves. The interfaces between the dynamic layer and the adjacent materials are crucial. The physical properties result from the acoustic impedance. This determines the reflectance of the shock waves in the interface between two media by the ratio m-1 / m + 1 with m as the quotient of the products density and longitudinal speed of sound of the two media.
  • FIG. 9 shows a projectile cross-section with two damming, hollow inner bodies 5, 5A and a dynamically acting layer 13 between the explosive layer 3 and the confinement 5.
  • an additional body 7A for example, a central penetrator.
  • the lower part of the illustration shows a dynamically effective layer 13A between the damming first body 5 and a second damming layer 5A as an inner part in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. B buffering (shock-absorbing or the Stosswellen pressgang influencing or the shock-enhancing) properties for temporal influence on the impact or insulation effect and thus the splitter speed, splintering and / or splinter distribution.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross section with damming inner body 4 and a dynamically acting layer 13 B between the explosive layer 3 and splinter shell 3 shown. Due to the properties and structure of the dynamic layer 13B, the acceleration effect of the explosive layer 3 on the splinter shell 2 can be influenced.
  • FIG Fig. 11 A similar construction is shown in the lower partial cross section in FIG Fig. 11
  • the dynamically active layer 13C is positioned in the outer splintering region of the split splitter outer shell 14.
  • the fragment development of the overlying fragmentation shell 2 is to be influenced.
  • the upper partial cross section an example with outer shell / shell jacket 14A and underlying fragmentation shell 2 is shown.
  • the design of the outer projectile casing 14A can not only be derived from internal ballistic requirements, but this can also develop a dynamic effect in the sense described.
  • Fig. 12 shows an example with outer shell 14A and a splitter body or a matrix 16A.
  • preformed projectiles 16 or other, ballistically active elements such as fragment-forming body 15 may be embedded.
  • the acceleration / activation in turn takes place through the explosive jacket 3.
  • an ignition element 18 is embedded here, which can support or cause an additional decomposition of the damming component.
  • a dynamic compression effect can also be achieved by the formation of a pressure field. In this way, for example, a decomposition of 17 can be initiated after arrival or only within the destination.
  • FIG. 13 Further examples are shown with integrated ignition elements.
  • the cross-sectional configuration here includes a (in the representation square) damming inner body 9 and explosive segments 10A.
  • the explosive layer or the explosive segment 10A contains an ignition element 18A, which can be designed as a planar, linear or punctiform device.
  • a corresponding ignition element 18B is introduced into the inner body 9.
  • Fig. 14 shows an example of the cross-sectional configuration with basically arbitrarily shaped, in this example square explosive surface 3C. Between 3C and the chip layer 2 are pressure transmitting segments 12A.
  • the damming inner body 9 has a corresponding to the explosive layer 3C square cross section.
  • the segments 1 2A in turn, in addition to their pressure-transmitting function to meet a number of other specific requirements, such as having a damping or the splitter speed of 2 influencing effect. Also in this case, as with Fig. 5 to 7 , different splitter speeds or splinter shapes for the fragmenting splinter shell are set, here due to the different thickness of the active segments 12A.
  • Fig. 15 illustrates an example with two-layer explosive coating 19, 20 and correspondingly two Däfflemmungs Anlagenen 4A, 21 represents.
  • the ignition of the explosives assignments can be made simultaneously or at different times.
  • Such a structure results in a particularly wide range of effects.
  • the outer layer in front of a target, the inner component in the target passage or only in the target interior are ignited.
  • the inner damming layer 4A may be made to have end ballistic performance, that is, it may be a penetrator. In this way, a broadly staggered, the combat order optimally adapted power delivery can be achieved.
  • a multi-part damming inner body 23 which is here composed of four circular segments 24, which may consist of similar or different materials. Between the segments 24, layers 25 may be located. These may be designed as dynamically effective layers in the sense of the above description, ie consist of rubber / elastomeric materials or of materials with plastic or damping properties.
  • the individual components 23 may be loosely mounted or fixed, eg connected by gluing, screwing or vulcanization.
  • the bullet structure in this example is provided with a central pyrotechnic body 22, which provides an additional decomposition / lateral component (especially for the individual components 24).
  • the segments 24 may in turn be fragment-forming, contain body or have their own end ballistic performance in the sense of central penetrators.
  • FIG. 17 Two further examples with multi-part damming inner bodies / central penetrators 26 are shown. These consist, for example, of four cylindrical penetrators 27. In the upper part of the image, in the center of the cylindrical penetrators 27, there is a central pyrotechnic body 22A, which gives the inner body 26 designed as a combination of penetrators a lateral velocity component. In the lower part of the image, instead of 22A, there is an inert central body 28 (or an inner space) between the components 27A.
  • the explosive layer 3D surrounding the inner body 26 has a different thickness due to the shape of 26 and 27, respectively. This results in a different local acceleration of the sheath fragments.
  • the explosives can be interrupted by the elements introduced (above) or through them (below).
  • Fig. 18 shows an example with projectile casing / sheath 14A, lying below 14A fragmentation jacket 29 with geometrically shaped inner surface, a correspondingly shaped explosive layer 33 and the inner insulation 4.
  • elements 31 A By reaching into the splinter shell 29 form elements 31 A, a local weakening of the fragmentation sheath 29 is achieved allowing fragmentation in a determinable manner (eg, stripe-like, latticed to form particular fragments).
  • a corresponding principle lies in Fig. 19 the cross-sectional configuration with geometrically modified inner surface of the fragmentation shell 32 and the correspondingly shaped explosive layer 31 based.
  • Fig. 20 is in the upper part of the image, the inner surface of the explosive layer 34 geometrically designed, the explosive layer here forms a closed shell.
  • the explosive component 35 is composed of explosive longitudinal strips or explosive surface elements 36.
  • the correspondingly shaped inner body 4C acts as a separation between the individual explosive components.
  • the principle of the segmented explosive shell is also in Fig. 21 realized.
  • the example shows the cross-sectional design with internal insulation 4 and in the Explosive layer 36A introduced separating elements or geometric structures basically any configuration. In the present example, they represent longitudinal strips 37.
  • Fig. 22 shows an example with a hollow hollow inner ring 21 and a designed as a container central (also possibly supporting the damming) inner body 38 with the wall 38A.
  • the filling 39 of the container may be for example a solid, a pasty or liquid substance or an inhomogeneous conglomerate of elements.
  • FIG. 23 Also in Fig. 23 are shown cross-sectional configurations with container.
  • the projectile is provided with a damming, with a liquid, a pasty or compacted powder mass 39 filled central container 38.
  • an annular inner container 38B is connected to the wall 38C and the filling 39A by means of webs 38D with a central inner damming body 4B.
  • the webs 38D may be designed as independent active parts (inert or pyrotechnically effective).
  • Fig. 24 a longitudinal section with splinter shell 2, stepped / variable-thickness explosive layer 3 and a multi-part damming inner body 41. Plotted are positions for the installation of control or ignition elements for the explosive layer.
  • the damming inner body 41 is here formed in two parts. In this way, different splitter speeds and / or different splitter distributions can be achieved in the longitudinal direction. In the head or in the floor area of the projectile control or ignition elements 40 may be installed, which of course also applies to the other presented bullet structures according to the invention.
  • Fig. 25 is a longitudinal section through a projectile with variable explosive thickness and cylindrical fragmentation shell shown in two variants.
  • the upper part of the diagram shows an arrangement with a longitudinally variable explosive layer 42 and a correspondingly shaped damming, while the lower partial image shows a variant with a thickness-changing fragmentation jacket 43 and a variable explosive layer 42A.
  • the explosive layer / inner body have a diameter jump.
  • the projectile shown in the upper part of the image has a variable thickness of the explosive layer 44 with a continuous damming inner body 45 with a diameter jump or a different diameter change.
  • the lower part of the picture shows a projectile with a divided damming body or an inserted penetrator or penetrator ring 41 A with different diameters.
  • the inner bodies can fulfill different functions.
  • Fig. 27 shows an example of variable thickness of the explosive jacket 44A and cylindrical inner body 4.
  • the splinter shell 45 and the explosive layer 44A have a diameter jump or a continuous change in diameter.
  • the upper variant is provided with multipart, here separated explosive layers 47 and adapted fragmentation sheath 45.
  • the damming, stepped inner body 46 accordingly shows a variable diameter.
  • the projectile shown in the lower part has a continuous explosive layer 48 with a change in diameter.
  • Arrangements in accordance with the present invention make it possible to achieve highly effective combinations or designs of splinter casings and explosive layers in a technically particularly simple manner.
  • Fig. 24 be in Fig. 29 to 31 Examples shown.
  • Fig. 29 a geometric design of the splinter shell for achieving desired effects or preferred splitter directions.
  • directional control and rotation of the fragmentation body / splitter rings 50 are effected.
  • the longitudinal sawtooth-shaped explosive layer 49 is provided here continuously with a cylindrical damming inner body 4.
  • This in Fig. 30 shown example with separate explosive layers 49A causes a direction control of the splitter body 50A.
  • the damming inner body 4 is geometrically adjusted.
  • Fig. 31 shows a splitter assignment 51 for different splitter directions and splitter speeds with appropriately matched explosive layer 49B.
  • FIGS. 32 to 34 as well as 37 to 41 further embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention are shown by the combination with designated projectile components.
  • Fig. 35 and 36 Examples of integration / combination of arrangements with penetrators are shown.
  • Fig. 32 shows two longitudinal sections with internal sprengstoffbelegtem splitter body 2 and a space 52 between the outer shell 14 B and splitter body and an empty or partially filled outer ballistic hood 53 (upper panel) and a solid / filled tip (lower panel).
  • This representation represents, for example, subcaliber projectiles, projectiles with sabot or full caliber bullets with inner active part of smaller diameter.
  • Fig. 33 shows two longitudinal sections with complete (continuous) explosives occupancy 3 and 54.
  • the upper part of the image shows the projectile body and the internally dammed tip portion 55, the lower part of an explosive-filled tip 56th
  • Fig. 34 a longitudinal section is shown with an explosive body 57 inserted into the damming inner region 4 of basically any shape.
  • an explosive component can locally cause particularly high lateral splitter velocities or even desired effects in the body 4 itself Compressions or mechanical loads to disassembly or accelerations effect.
  • Fig. 35 shows two longitudinal sections with a embedded in the damming inner region 4 hard or heavy metal core 58 (upper panel) and a slender cylinder with a top 59 (lower panel).
  • hard or heavy metal core 58 upper panel
  • any variant of an end ballistic effective body can be introduced.
  • the combination of breakdown power and fragmentation shown here covers a particularly broad range of effects.
  • FIG. 2 shows two examples with a core 58A embedded in the damming interior, with a focusing inwardly tapered rear portion 60 of the core.
  • an acceleration and / or a decomposition of the core 58A can be effected (upper partial image).
  • the lower part of the figure shows a core with stepped tip 58B and conical rear part 62 with centering, the core accelerating explosive deposit 61 A.
  • the effective directions of the configurations of the rear area with core and splinter shell are symbolized by the arrows 60A and 62A.
  • FIG. 37 two longitudinal sections with inner body 64 and corresponding Sprengstoffbelegung 63 in conjunction with a top module 72 for directed increased fragmentation effect in the axial direction (upper panel) and with splitter directivity by shaping of damming inner body 64, explosive surface 66 and fragmentation shell 65 (lower panel) are shown.
  • the corresponding arrows 72A, 65A which symbolize the directions of action are also shown (cf. Fig. 40 ).
  • Fig. 38 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to the lower part of Fig. 37 with fragmentation jacket 67 and additional splinter components in a splitter pocket or fragmentation ring 68 with the embedded active parts 68A (knitting arrows 68B).
  • Fig. 39 shows two longitudinal sections with (here) two-stage damming inner body 70A with directional fragmentation effect by a special design of the damming inner body 70 or 70A and continuous explosive occupation 69 (top) as well as non-continuous explosive charge / separate explosive rings 69A (below).
  • Fig. 40 shows an example with additional, primarily axially accelerated splitter body 73 (symbolized by the action arrows 73A) in the front region of the projectile, accelerated by an explosive surface 71 of the splitter shell 3, which is also dammed up by the inner body 4.
  • Fig. 41 shows two longitudinal sections with partial explosive occupancy in the form of a damming body with pronucleus / step core 74 (top).
  • a pronucleus 74A can also be introduced separately (below).
  • this pronuclear 74A may consist of a highly ballistic end hard material such as hard or heavy metal, or even a brittle material that disintegrates under dynamic load from the impact, such as highly brittle tungsten carbide or pre-fragmented bodies. It primarily serves to penetrate massive target plates. Due to the step-like training the attack on a tilted plate is improved or only possible.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional configuration with explosive-accelerated projectiles or warheads according to the invention with individual (here four) segments 75.
  • the individual segments 75 correspond in their function to those of the examples already shown with a circular cross-section. Due to the segmentation and the separation 76, which may be both a structure / supporting inner wall and a shock wave barrier, the individual segments can be controlled separately.
  • This example therefore stands for penetrators or warheads with partial occupancy in the longitudinal / axial direction, in which the possibility of a subfield occupancy in the room is given by splinters.
  • Fig. 43 shows an example with variable thickness of the splitter shell 77 and explosive segments 78 with (here four) lenticular (but basically free to be designed) cross-sectional shape.
  • the inner contour of the explosive segments 78 is formed by the corresponding inner damming body 9A. It goes without saying that the fragment and the explosive layer correspondingly Fig. 42 can run separately or continuously. By means of such arrangements very differentiated splitter distributions are to be achieved, which in Fig. 43 for a segment are symbolized by the arrow field 78A.
  • Fig. 44 shows an example of the cross-sectional configuration with designed as a convex strip explosive surface 80 and adapted inner damming body 9B.
  • Fig. 45 shows a corresponding example with (here eight) segments 81 with the explosive occupancy 80 A, which are separated by the surfaces 75 A. While in Fig. 44 the fragment-forming arrangement is located in a shell 14, lie in Fig. 45 free the splintering (or homogeneous) stripes 79A.
  • this example still has a central ring 82, which supports the damming of the segments 81.
  • the cylinder 82 may be hollow or contain a central penetrator.
  • Fig. 46 shows a longitudinal section through a basic projectile structure 83 with multi-part damming inner body, which may be constructed from radial, axial or combined elements. In this way, the damming effect may be combined with mechanical pre-fragmentation, or different bodies with different mechanical and physical properties may be combined.
  • Fig. 47 shows the cross-sectional shapes of a projectile Fig. 46 with splitter shell and damming inner body 84, here constructed of cylinders 86 (continuous or stacked) of the same or different diameter or materials in a pressure transmitting matrix 85.
  • the central region 87 may be formed by a penetrator or also filled with individual bodies. Also an additional pyrotechnic component accordingly Fig. 12 can be introduced.
  • the cylinders 86 may have a higher degree of slimming (length / diameter ratio) or may be formed from a stack of short cylinders.
  • Fig. 48 shows another example of the cross-sectional design of a projectile Fig. 46 segmented, single or multi-layer internal damming body 88 and a central penetrator 82A.
  • Fig. 49 is a longitudinal section through an explosive layer-splitter projectile 89 shown, which is constructed as a multi-part / multi-stage active body. This can be formed, for example, from different, separated by a layer 91 or related stages with different functions or introduced construction spaces 90.
  • FIGS. 50 and 51 Here are some examples shown. So owns in Fig. 50 the splitter body 92 has a square cross section corresponding to an explosive layer 3F Fig. 14 is accelerated. In 51 For example, the splinter shell has an octagonal cross section 92A as an example of the arbitrary shape. The acceleration takes place here via an annular explosive layer 3.
  • the shatter-forming active components or sheaths containing fragments or sub-projectiles are accelerated by means of an explosive layer which is thin relative to the projectile or warhead diameter.
  • the explosive mass needed to accelerate splinters is minimized. Compared with conventional explosive projectiles, the explosive mass can be reduced by 50% to 80%, depending on the caliber and technical design, at comparable splinter or sub-floor speeds.
  • the least strength of the explosive layer is determined by ensuring ignition or spark ignition.
  • ignition aids such as detonating cords very thin planar explosive layers can be ignited.
  • the choice of explosive is free, so that very small thicknesses up to an order of 2 mm can be realized.
  • the explosive layer may be in the form of a hollow cylinder and have a constant or variable wall thickness and / or cross-sectional shape.
  • the explosive layer can be prefabricated and incorporated as a film or as an arbitrarily shaped body, be cast in or introduced in any manner, such as e.g. pressed or sucked in by vacuum. It can consist of one or more superimposed layers.
  • a projectile or warhead may contain a continuous layer of explosive or may be composed of multiple explosive layers in both the axial and radial directions.
  • the explosive layer may be homogeneous or contain admixtures or embedded bodies.
  • Ignition of the explosive layer or zones or explosive fragments may be accomplished in any conceivable manner in accordance with the prior art blasting projectiles or warheads.
  • the velocities and the direction of the fragmentation or sub-projectiles can be varied within very wide limits.
  • the damming inner body can be one or more parts. It may consist of metallic or non-metallic materials or of their combination. There is thus an almost unlimited variety of materials with different mechanical, physical or chemical properties to choose from.
  • a homogeneous metallic inner body on one side e.g. consist of a metal of low density such as magnesium, on the other side of a heavy or hard metal body (homogeneous or segmented) high density with a correspondingly high end ballistic performance.
  • Hygoniot properties can be determined their behavior or it can be selectively selected materials with specific dynamic properties in conjunction with the pyrotechnic components used and the technical design of the projectile or warhead.
  • Homogeneous inert inner damming bodies may consist of or contain such metallic or non-metallic matter which is reactive under high pressure at locally high temperature.
  • the damming inner body can be made of brittle or embrittled under dynamic load material. Likewise, he can pre-fragmented or mechanically or thermally pretreated yours.
  • the damming inner body can also be designed as a hollow cylinder or contain a cavity in any cross-sectional area. This inner cavity may in turn be empty or filled with a more or less damming substance. This results in a further possibility for influencing the damming and thus the speed or the acceleration of the shell of fragment-forming or sub-projectile projectiles or warheads.
  • the damming inner body can represent or contain a container.
  • the inner cavity or container may be e.g. be filled with a solid, powdery, pasty or liquid substance. Furthermore, it may contain a reactive substance, e.g. contain a flammable liquid.
  • the shell of the projectile or the warhead is homogeneous.
  • their pretreatment in support of fragmentation it is possible to use all methods and techniques which correspond to the state of the art in conventional fragmentation projectiles.
  • the accelerated shell may also consist wholly or partly of preformed splinters or sub-floors.
  • a layer may itself represent the projectile casing or be incorporated as a layer between the explosive and the outer shell.
  • This structure can be introduced between the explosive layer and the outer shell and a pre-fragmented or very brittle or embrittled under dynamic load layer.
  • the explosive layer and the damming inner body there may be a layer dynamically supporting the damming. Their mode of action is determined by the acoustic impedance of the materials involved.
  • a medium having a dynamic damping action can be introduced as a layer which reduces the acceleration impact.
  • the explosive layer may be composed of contiguous surfaces or of surfaces separated in the radial or axial direction.
  • the explosive layer can have an arbitrarily shaped surface (contour), so that spatially different splinter formations and also splitter speeds can be achieved.
  • the explosive layer can form an angle to the projectile axis.
  • splinters or sub-projectiles can be accelerated direction-controlled.
  • Such arrangements may be provided at certain positions of the projectile (e.g., in the tip region) or extend over the entire surface.
  • the explosive layer will usually have the shape of a hollow cylinder. This can be open at the ends or closed on one or both sides by means of a front or rear explosive layer.
  • Explosive disks can be introduced over the entire penetrator length.
  • inner bodies can be accelerated in the axial direction.
  • Parts of the tip can be accelerated via a frontal explosive coating.
  • the tip of the projectile or warhead may be wholly or partially filled with explosives.
  • the tip or tip region may also consist of or contain an end ballistic inert body to effect end-ballistic effects via this component.
  • the active bodies may be cannon-fired projectiles, combat components of a missile or missile, parts of a bomb or the active part of a torpedo.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Superconductor Devices And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
EP05763381A 2005-06-21 2005-06-21 Geschoss oder gefechtskopf Active EP1893935B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2005/006678 WO2006136185A1 (de) 2005-06-21 2005-06-21 Geschoss oder gefechtskopf

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EP1893935B1 true EP1893935B1 (de) 2008-11-05

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US (1) US20100199875A1 (no)
EP (1) EP1893935B1 (no)
KR (1) KR101255872B1 (no)
CN (1) CN101273243A (no)
AT (1) ATE413581T1 (no)
AU (1) AU2005333448B2 (no)
CA (1) CA2611169C (no)
DE (1) DE502005005922D1 (no)
ES (1) ES2317272T3 (no)
IL (1) IL187964A (no)
NO (1) NO338274B1 (no)
WO (1) WO2006136185A1 (no)

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FR2953587B1 (fr) * 2009-12-04 2016-12-23 Tda Armements Sas Munition comportant un corps, un chargement explosif et des moyens de calage entre le corps et le chargement explosif
DE102010061272B3 (de) * 2010-12-15 2013-04-25 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Geschosshülle für ein Sprenggeschoss und Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Geschosshülle
CN102175102B (zh) * 2011-03-25 2013-03-13 南京理工大学 整体模块开苞装药结构的礼花弹及其制备方法
DE102012001445B3 (de) * 2012-01-26 2013-03-07 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, dieses vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr Sprenggeschoss
US9692408B2 (en) * 2012-12-21 2017-06-27 Gan Systems Inc. Devices and systems comprising drivers for power conversion circuits
FR3002626B1 (fr) * 2013-02-28 2015-06-05 Eurenco France Munition a puissance explosive modulable
US10184763B2 (en) * 2014-02-11 2019-01-22 Raytheon Company Munition with nose kit connecting to aft casing connector
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WO2016171794A1 (en) * 2015-03-02 2016-10-27 Nostromo Holdings, Llc Low collateral damage bi-modal warhead assembly
JP6766177B2 (ja) * 2016-01-15 2020-10-07 サーブ・ボフォース・ダイナミクス・スウィツァランド・リミテッド 弾頭
US9784541B1 (en) * 2016-08-15 2017-10-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Increased lethality warhead for high acceleration environments
DE102017105565A1 (de) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Munitions- und Logistikkonzept für insbesondere Artilleriegeschosse
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JP7397296B2 (ja) * 2019-10-31 2023-12-13 ダイキン工業株式会社 弾頭
HUP2000306A1 (hu) * 2020-09-17 2022-03-28 Fueloep Nandor Lövedék
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Publication number Publication date
EP1893935A1 (de) 2008-03-05
NO20080336L (no) 2008-03-12
AU2005333448B2 (en) 2011-09-15
CA2611169C (en) 2010-02-16
CA2611169A1 (en) 2006-12-28
KR101255872B1 (ko) 2013-04-17
WO2006136185A1 (de) 2006-12-28
KR20080019293A (ko) 2008-03-03
ES2317272T3 (es) 2009-04-16
CN101273243A (zh) 2008-09-24
IL187964A0 (en) 2008-03-20
IL187964A (en) 2012-07-31
AU2005333448A1 (en) 2006-12-28
NO338274B1 (no) 2016-08-08
US20100199875A1 (en) 2010-08-12
DE502005005922D1 (de) 2008-12-18
ATE413581T1 (de) 2008-11-15

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