Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/72—Other features
  • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
  • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
  • C10J3/10—Continuous processes using external heating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
  • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
  • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
  • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
  • C10J3/60—Processes
  • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
  • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
  • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
  • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
  • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
  • C10K3/008—Reducing the tar content by cracking
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
  • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
  • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
  • C10K3/023—Reducing the tar content
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
  • C10J2200/06—Catalysts as integral part of gasifiers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
  • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
  • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
  • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
  • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0973—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
  • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
  • C10J2300/1269—Heating the gasifier by radiating device, e.g. radiant tubes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for the pyrolysis of solid pyrolysis material, which is referred to herein as "solid fuel.”
• the invention relates to a method for gasification of such solid fuels.
• Solid fuels in the form of biomass, sewage sludge, carbonaceous residues, such as plastics, waste, waste paper and the like, can be used for gas production.
• Smaller plant usually work as a fixed bed gasifier, where the lumped solid fuel lying in a bed is subjected to a pyrolysis.
• a pyrolysis As a rule, such systems operate autothermally, ie Energy required to conduct the pyrolysis is generated by partial oxidation of the solid fuel.
• Such carburetors are the specialist literature "Decentralized Energy Systems", Jürgen Karl, Oldenbourg Verlang Kunststoff Vienna 2004, pages 176 to 197.
• the wood gasifier described there generate relatively low-energy fuel gases and also need mostly a personal monitoring.
• a method for the gasification of solid fuels is to be created, which is suitable for small units and generates high-energy pyrolysis gases.
• the fixed bed gasifier has a reaction chamber for receiving the solid fuel. It forms a bed, which contains at its top a thin layer of pyrolysis (solid fuel) and including pyrolysis and bottom ash. From above, the solid fuel layer is preferably heated by radiant heat to such an extent that pyrolysis occurs.
• the pyrolysis material can be filled from above by a fuel filling device, for example in the form of a lock. As a result of the thermal radiation coming from the heating chamber, the relatively thin pyrolysis zone at the surface of the bed is heated to the predetermined temperature and degassed in the absence of oxygen. The remainder of the pyrolysis coke and ash is withdrawn downwardly, the temperature remaining substantially constant.
• the radiant heat can not penetrate deeply into the pile and the bed has a low thermal conductivity.
• the pyrolysis gases are withdrawn via the heating chamber, cracking tar constituents.
• the bedding can be from bottom to top by steam, air or a Traversed vapor / air mixture to gasify the pyrolysis.
• the fixed bed reactor is suitable for automated operation both under constant load and with fluctuating loads. He works allothermic and produces a high-energy gas.
• a stirring means arranged in the reaction chamber e.g. in the form of a slowly rotating stirring arm causes uniform distribution of the pyrolysis and the formation of only a thin pyrolysis material layer on the underlying pyrolysis coke.
• the stirring device is preferably moved so slowly that no material or Staubaufwirbe- occur.
• the gas flow rate is so low that no or at least almost no dust is whirled up.
• the reaction chamber and the heating chamber are preferably thermally insulated to the outside. This improves the efficiency and allows at least short-term stand-by operation without additional heating. If longer standby operation is to be enabled, the reaction chamber can be provided with an auxiliary heater, for example in the form of one or more gas burners or an electric heater.
• the heating chamber provided in the heating device is preferably an existing steel or ceramic jet tube, which is equipped with a recuperator or regenerator and the temperature of the heating chamber, preferably at 1000 0 C to 1250 0 C.
• tar constituents escaping from the pyrolysis product are cracked and, ideally, completely broken down into gaseous components CO, H 2 and some CO 2 .
• the gas extraction device is preferably arranged on the heating chamber.
• the mean is Residence time of the pyrolysis gases in the heating chamber, preferably more than a second, which supports the extensive cracking of tar components.
• the gas exhaust means may contain a catalyst which promotes the cracking of the hydrocarbons and their reforming to CO and H 2 .
• a catalyst nickel, coke, dolomite or the like can be used.
• a cooling device preferably a quench cooler, is preferably arranged on the gas withdrawal device and avoids dioxin formation by rapid cooling of the product gas.
• the gas cooling device can be designed as an air preheater or as a steam generator, wherein the preheated air and / or the steam generated can be used for gasification of the pyrolysis coke. It is possible to work with excess steam.
• Ash components avoided by consistent avoidance of ash whirling by correspondingly low gas velocities, especially in the reaction chamber and in the heating chamber.
• the heating chamber As a cost-effective variant, it is also possible to heat the heating chamber by a recuperative burner, through which the product gas is withdrawn.
• the temperature in the heating chamber can then be regulated via the substoichiometric air supply.
• it produces a low-calorific product gas with a higher nitrogen content.
• the supply of heat into the pyrolysis zone can be effected with a suitable device, for example in the form of movable blades. to be regulated. This makes it possible to adapt to different heat requirements of the pyrolysis, for example, as a result of changing moisture contents when using biomass as pyrolysis.
• FIG. 1 shows a fixed-bed gasifier with radiant tube heating in a schematic, vertically sectioned illustration
• FIG. 2 shows the upper section of an alternative fixed bed gasifier with burner heater in a schematic vertical section
• FIG. 3 shows the fixed-bed gasifier according to FIG. 2 in horizontal section, cut at the level of its burner
• Figure 4 shows a modified embodiment of the fixed bed carburetor.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a fixed-bed gasifier 1 which serves to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen from pyrolysis goods.
• the fixed bed gasifier is designed as a small gas generator, for example, for the gasification of 20 kg to 100 kg of biomass per hour.
• To the fixed-bed gasifier 1 include an inside and outside approximately cylindrical, heat-insulated to the outside and gas-tight reaction chamber 2 with an arranged above, outside also preferably substantially cylindrical and closed top heat-insulated heating chamber 3. Between the heating chamber 3 and the reaction chamber 2, a passage is present , which is referred to as heating window 4.
• a slider housing 5 may be provided, which is arranged between the reaction chamber 2 and the heating chamber 3. It contains two oppositely movable, preferably slide-shaped, preferably rectangular shutters 6, 7 which are movable from the outside by actuators or by hand in order to regulate the passage of radiant heat from the heating chamber 3 into the reaction chamber 2.
• the reaction chamber 2 is provided with a gas-tight lining 8.
• an auxiliary heater 11 may be provided in the form of an electric heating coil or gas burners to facilitate stand-by operation.
• a level sensor 12 and a temperature sensor 13 may be provided.
• the level sensor 12 passes through the lining 8 and protrudes into the reaction chamber 2 approximately shortly above the permissible maximum filling level.
• the temperature sensor 13 protrudes into the intermediate space 10.
• a fuel filler 14 which has, for example, a coat 9 and the lining 8 passing through filling pipe and a lock 15.
• the fuel filler 14 may include a conveyor such as a screw conveyor or the like. It serves to give up pyrolysis from above on the lying in the reaction chamber 2 bed.
• a stirring device 16 is arranged in the reaction chamber 2. This includes e.g. a centrally disposed to the reaction chamber 2 shaft 17 which passes through the container bottom and is offset by a drive means 18 in slow rotation. From the upper end of the shaft 17 extend radially one or more arms 19, 20 horizontally approximately at the level of the uppermost planar layer, which forms on the bed 21 in the reaction chamber 2. The arms 19, 20 serve the distribution and leveling of the medium.
• the shaft 17 may be provided with further lower arms 22, 23, 24, 25, which are located approximately at mid-height of the bed.
• the stirring device 16 may have one or more preferably arranged on the shaft 17 temperature sensors 13a, 13b.
• the temperature sensor 13a is arranged at or above the arms 19, 20 in order to detect the temperature in the middle of the pyrolysis zone.
• the temperature sensor 13b is e.g. arranged on the shaft about halfway up the same height to detect the temperature in the gasification zone.
• an ash removal device for example in the form of a channel of larger diameter leading downwards, is provided which leads to a lock 27 and from there to the ash disposal.
• air is supplied from the lower side, for example, via the ascending shaft belonging to the ash removal device 26 and / or steam supplied.
• the shaft is connected to a corresponding line 28.
• the steam and air supply can also open above the ash removal device 26 in the reaction chamber.
• a heating device 29 is arranged, which is formed in the present embodiment by a jet pipe 30 made of steel or ceramic.
• the end closed, held at the top of the heating chamber 3 and from this vertically depending or horizontally projecting into the heating chamber 3 radiant tube 30 is heated from the inside by a burner, preferably a recuperative burner 31. It assumes a surface temperature between 1000 0 C and 1400 0 C and generates radiant heat.
• the recuperator burner 31 includes a burner with fuel supply line 32, air supply line 33, and recuperator 34 which acts as a heat exchanger and separates an exhaust passage 35 from a fresh air supply passage to heat the fresh air and cool the exhaust gas in countercurrent.
• the heating chamber 3 is also associated with a temperature sensor 36 which detects the Schuttingtemperatur.
• the heating chamber 3 is also associated with a gas discharge device 37, are taken over the gaseous reaction products from the heating chamber 3.
• a gas discharge device 37 To the gas take-off device 37 in the present embodiment, an approximately cylindrical, from the Schuffleoberseite down hanging, closed at its bottom and provided with a gas receiving opening 38 vessel that includes a catalyst 39.
• the latter is formed by a bed of catalytically active particles, for example dolomite, coke or nickel.
• a gas cooling device 40 for example in the form of an evaporator 41, can also be arranged inside the vessel.
• the evaporator will be For example, formed by a coil, which is lapped by the discharged gas stream of gaseous reaction products and passed through the air, water or a water / air mixture. The resulting hot air, the resulting vapor or the corresponding resulting hot air / steam mixture is then supplied to the line 28 to promote the gasification in the reaction chamber 2.
• the fixed bed gasifier 1 works as follows:
• the bed 21 is constantly filled from above or from time to time from above by lumpy solid fuel. The latter falls out of the opening 42 into an area swept by the arms 19, 20 and becomes thin from the arms 19, 20
• the jet pipe 30 brings the heating chamber 3 to a temperature of preferably 1000 0 C to 1250 0 C.
• the jet pipe 30 can be generated by the fixed bed gasifier 1 gas, residual gases from a connected to the fixed bed gasifier 1 chemical Device come from the heating chamber, bypassing the catalyst 39 gases removed, natural gas or other fuels are operated.
• the chamber 3 emanating from the jet pipe 30 and other hot parts of the heating radiant heat passing through the heating aperture 4 and heats the solid fuel layer 43 to a pyrolysis temperature of 500 0 C to 900 0 C, preferably about 650 0 C.
• the Heat flux density about 100 kW to 250 kW per square meter.
• Compliance with the Pyroly- set temperature is detected by the temperature sensor 13 and regulated by a controller adjusts them aperture 7, 8 so that the pyrolysis temperature is always in the desired range.
• the temperature control is effected by radiant heat regulation, which responds very quickly and is a little sluggish.
• the temperature of the jet pipe 30 is not affected by the temperature control of the pyrolysis layer.
• the solid fuel coagulates, with new solid fuel always being fed through the opening 42 permanently or at short intervals.
• the preferably permanently but very slowly rotating arms 19, 20 e.g., 1 / min) distribute it evenly.
• Forming pyrolysis coke forms a pyrolysis coke layer 44, which is much more powerful in terms of height and which extends through the arms 22 to
• the regulation of the temperature in the pyrolysis coke layer 44 takes place by means of the temperature sensor 13b and controlled by this supply of steam and / or preheated air regardless of the control of the temperature of the heating chamber and the control of the temperature of the pyrolysis 43rd
• the rising gas initially contains a large proportion of tar constituents.
• these tar constituents are cracked to shorter-chain hydrocarbons and at least partially oxidized and / or hydrogenated.
• the resulting gaseous reaction products contain only a few tar constituents.
• the gas consists essentially of H 2 , CO and some CO 2 . This gas mixture is passed over the catalyst 39, where the last tar constituents are eliminated. The gaseous reaction products are then shock cooled to the evaporator 41, thereby avoiding dioxin formation.
• the temperature in the heating chamber 3 is set by means of the sensor 36, and the temperature in the reaction chamber 2 is adjusted by means of the temperature sensor 13.
• the heating chamber temperature is regulated by the recuperative burner 31.
• the reaction chamber temperature is regulated by regulating the influx of steam via line 28.
• the filling level sensor 12, which controls the fuel filling device 14, serves to regulate the fill level. This ensures automatic operation.
• the orifices 6, 7 can be used to adapt the fixed bed gasifier 1 to different fuel qualities.
• a modified embodiment of the fixed-bed gasifier 1 is illustrated. This differs from the fixed-bed gasifier described above only by the formation of the heating chamber 3. Because of the structure and function of the other elements, reference is made in full to the previous description.
• the fixed-bed gasifier 1 has, instead of the jet pipe 30 as the heating device 29, a recuperative burner 31, the flame of which reaches the heating chamber 3 via an opening 46.
• the recuperative burner 31 is preferably arranged tangentially to the cylindrical heating chamber 3.
• the withdrawal of the gaseous reaction products from the heating chamber 3 takes place here together with the exhaust gases of the recuperator burner 31 via the exhaust duct 35.
• the temperature in the heating chamber is regulated by substoichiometric air supply. The result is a low-calorific product gas with a higher nitrogen content.
• the tangential air supply creates a circulation flow in the heating chamber 3, which does not lead to the stirring up of ash from the reaction chamber 2. Operation of the recuperative burner 31 with flameless oxidation is possible.
• An air preheater and / or an evaporator for generating hot air and / or steam for the reaction chamber 2 can be connected to the exhaust duct 35.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a modified embodiment of the fixed-bed gasifier 1 according to the invention.
• a plate 47 is arranged which is driven to rotate continuously or intermittently about a central, preferably vertical axis of rotation 48.
• the plate 47 is disposed below the opening 42 and preferably funnel-shaped and provided with a central hole 49. It can be connected to the shaft 17.
• the filling of the plate 47 can be scanned by a laser or other suitable means and for Control of pyrolysis.
• the laser beam L can be directed to the hole 49, for example, according to FIG. Otherwise, the above description applies.
• This embodiment has the advantage that fine-grained pyrolysis constituents do not sink into the bed too quickly and are thus exposed to the radiation for a sufficiently long time.
• stirring arms 22, 23, 24, 25 can be provided with nozzles 50 for the gasification agent (oxygen and / or air and / or steam).
• the gasification agent oxygen and / or air and / or steam.
• heat carrier 51 e.g. for a Stirling engine or a gas turbine directly in the heating chamber 3 are heated.
• the exhaust heat can be used for air preheating and steam generation.
• a line 52 secondary air can be fed into the combustion chamber 3.
• Exhaust gas can be discharged via a connection piece 53 provided on the combustion chamber 3.
• the fixed bed gasifier according to the invention operates with a solid bed, which is traversed with air and / or steam in countercurrent.
• the actual pyrolysis zone is so thin compared to the resulting pyrolysis coke bed that the
• Material residence time in the pyrolysis zone is only a few minutes while the residence time of the pyrolysis coke in the pyrolysis coke layer 44 can be up to several hours.
• the pyrolysis is caused by energy radiation and less by heat of reaction and takes place allothermic. The result is a high-energy dust and tarerarmes gas.
• the process control can be reliably automated. The deduction of the reaction and pyrolysis gases carried by the heating chamber 3, whereby last tar constituents are eliminated.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-06-10 DE DE102005026764A patent/DE102005026764B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-06-02 CN CN2006800204229A patent/CN101198676B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-06-02 KR KR1020077028581A patent/KR101330719B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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  • 2006-06-02 WO PCT/EP2006/005320 patent/WO2006131281A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
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