Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D261/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings
  • C07D261/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D498/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/42—Oxazoles
  • A61K31/423—Oxazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
  • A61K31/428—Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D275/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings
  • C07D275/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to azole derivatives of the general formula I, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and their use as medicaments.
• WO 2003/0051842 A2 describes compounds for inhibiting hormone-sensitive lipase. Among them are benzisoxazole derivatives and benzisothiazole derivatives. Benzisoxazole derivatives for the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 are described in WO 2004/058749.
• the object of the present invention is to provide alternative compounds which cause an inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase or endothelial lipase.
• the invention relates to azole derivatives of the general formula I.
• Y is -O- or -NR1-;
• R is hydrogen, halogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, (C 1 -C 3 ) -alkyloxy- (C 1 -C 3 ) -alkylene,
• R1 is hydrogen, (C r C6) alkyl, benzyl
• R2 (C 5 -C 16) alkyl, (Ci-C 4) -alkyl- (C 6 -Cio) aryl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted by halogen, (C r C6) alkyl, (C r C 3 ) -Alkyloxy, hydroxy, (C r C 6 ) -
• R 3 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl
• R 4 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, benzyl;
• R 5 (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, COOR 4, cyclopropyl,
• Y is -O-, -NR1-;
• R is hydrogen, halogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, hydroxy, amino, COOR 4,
• R1 is hydrogen, (C r C6) alkyl; R 2 (C 6 -C 10 ) -alkyl, (C 1 -C 3 ) -alkyl- (C 6 -C 10) -aryl, where aryl may be replaced by
• Halogen, (CrC 6) alkyl, (C r C3) -alkyloxy, hydroxy, amino, (CrC 6) - may be alkylamino, trifluoromethyl, nitro or polysubstituted;
• R 3 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl
• R 4 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, benzyl
• R 5 is (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, COOR 4, cyclopropyl,
• Y is -O-, -NR1-;
• R is hydrogen, halogen, (C 1 -C 6) -alkyl, hydroxy, amino, COOR 4,
• R1 is hydrogen, (C r C6) alkyl
• R 2 (C 6 -C 10) -alkyl, where aryl is possibly through
• Halogen, (CrC 6) alkyl, (Ci-C3) -alkyloxy, hydroxy, amino, (CrC 6) - alkylamino, trifluoromethyl, nitro or polysubstituted may be substituted;
• R3 is hydrogen, (C r C 6 ) -alkyl
• R 4 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, benzyl
• R 5 is (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, COOR 4, cyclopropyl,
• R is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, hydroxy or (C 1 -Ce) alkyl
• R 2 (C 6 -C 10 ) -alkyl or benzyl, where benzyl is optionally substituted by halogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -
• Alkyl or trifluoromethyl may be substituted
• R3 is hydrogen, (C r C 6 ) -alkyl
• R 2 and R 3 together with the nitrogen atom bearing them, can form a monocyclic, saturated 5- to 6-membered ring system whose individual members of the ring systems can be replaced by one or two atoms or atom groups from the series -CHR 5 -, -NR 5 - ; and
• R5 is (C 1 -Ce) -alkyl, or cyclopropyl.
• R is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, (C r C 3 ) -alkyloxy or (C r C 6 ) -
• R 2 (C 6 -C 10 ) -alkyl or benzyl, where benzyl is optionally substituted by halogen, (C r C 6 ) -
• Alkyl or trifluoromethyl may be substituted
• R3 is hydrogen
• R 2 and R 3 together with the nitrogen atom bearing them, can form a monocyclic, saturated 5- to 6-membered ring system whose individual members of the ring systems can be replaced by one or two atoms or atom groups from the series -CHR 5 -, -NR 5 - ; and
• R 5 is (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, trifluoromethyl or cyclopropyl.
• R is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, hydroxy or (CrC ⁇ J-alkyl
• R1 is hydrogen, (C r C6) alkyl
• R 2 (C 6 -C 10) -alkyl or benzyl, where benzyl is optionally substituted by halogen, (CrCe) -
• Alkyl or trifluoromethyl may be substituted
• R3 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl; or R 2 and R 3, together with the nitrogen atom bearing them, can form a monocyclic, saturated 5- to 6-membered ring system whose individual members of the ring systems can be replaced by one or two atoms or atom groups from the series -CHR 5 -, -NR 5 - ; and
• R 5 is (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl or cyclopropyl.
• R is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 3 ) -alkyloxy or (C 1 -C 6 ) -
• R1 is hydrogen, (C r C6) alkyl
• R 2 (Ce-Cio) -alkyl or benzyl, where benzyl is optionally substituted by halogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -
• Alkyl or trifluoromethyl may be substituted
• R3 is hydrogen
• R 2 and R 3 together with the nitrogen atom bearing them, can form a monocyclic, saturated 5- to 6-membered ring system whose individual members of the ring systems can be replaced by one or two atoms or atom groups from the series -CHR 5 -, -NR 5 - ; and R 5 is (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, trifluoromethyl or cyclopropyl.
• a in the compounds of the formula I has the meaning O.
• a in the compounds of the formula I has the meaning S.
• Y in the compounds of the formula I has the meaning O.
• Y in the compounds of the formula I is NR 1, where R 1 may have the abovementioned meanings.
• NR2R3 is piperidine containing the atomic element CHR5 in the 4 position.
• R is not hydrogen
• the invention relates to compounds of the formula I, in the form of their salts, racemates, racemic mixtures and pure enantiomers, and to their diastereomers and mixtures thereof.
• alkyl radicals in the substituents R, R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5 can be both straight-chain and branched.
• Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, especially fluorine or chlorine.
• aryl an aromatic carbocyclic mono- or bicyclic ring system containing from 6 to 10 atoms in the ring or in the rings.
• Heteroaryl is a mono- or bicyclic aromatic ring system having 5 to 12 ring members, wherein at least one atom in the ring system is a heteroatom from the series N, O and S.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are particularly suitable for medical applications because of their higher water solubility compared to the starting or basic compounds. These salts must have a pharmaceutically acceptable anion or cation.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds according to the invention are salts of inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and also organic acids, such as, for example, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric acid.
• Glucon Glycol, Isethione, Milk, Lactobionic, maleic, malic, methanesulfonic, succinic, p-toluenesulfonic and tartaric acids.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable basic salts are ammonium salts, alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium salts) and alkaline earth salts (such as magnesium and calcium salts) and salts of trometamol (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol), diethanolamine, lysine or ethylenediamine ,
• Salts with a non-pharmaceutically acceptable anion are also within the scope of the invention as useful intermediates for the preparation or purification of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and / or for use in non-therapeutic, for example, in vitro applications.
• physiologically functional derivative refers to any physiologically acceptable derivative of a compound of formula I, e.g. an ester which, when administered to a mammal, e.g. humans, is able to form (directly or indirectly) a compound of formula I or an active metabolite thereof.
• the physiologically functional derivatives also include prodrugs of the compounds according to the invention, as described, for example, in H. Okada et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1994, 42, 57-61. Such prodrugs can be metabolized in vivo to a compound of the invention. These prodrugs may or may not be effective.
• the compounds according to the invention can also be present in various polymorphic forms, for example as amorphous and crystalline polymorphic forms. All polymorphic forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention and are a further aspect of the invention.
• references to "compound (s) according to formula I" refer to compound (s) of formula I as described above as well as their salts, solvates and physiologically functional derivatives as described herein.
• the compounds of general formula I according to the invention have a surprising inhibitory effect on the hormone sensitive lipase, HSL, an allosteric enzyme in adipocytes, which is inhibited by insulin and for the
• the compounds of general formula I according to the invention may have an inhibitory effect on the endothelial lipase (EL).
• EL endothelial lipase
• the antiatheroskleotically effective HDL is the preferred substrate for EL.
• a reduction in HDL levels leads to the progression of atherosclerosis and its sequelae, such as metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease.
• An inhibition of EL should thus lead to the prevention of atherosclerotic diseases.
• the compounds of the formula I according to the invention can also have an inhibitory effect on the triglyceride lipase.
• Insulin sensitivity disorders of muscle, fat and liver cells insulin resistance
• Diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes, including the prevention of associated sequelae.
• dyslipidemias and their consequences e.g. Atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases etc, especially those (but not limited to) characterized by one or more of the following factors:
• High blood pressure heart failure e.g. (but not limited to) at state after
• Myocardial infarction, hypertensive heart disease or cardiomyopathy 6. other diseases or conditions in which, for example, inflammatory reactions or cell differentiation play a role:
• Atherosclerosis e.g. (but not limited to) coronary sclerosis including angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, stroke - vascular restenosis or reocclusion
• fatty cell carcinomas e.g. liposarcoma
• solid tumors and neoplasms e.g. (but not limited to) carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas, endocrine tumors, carcinomas of the lung, kidney and urinary tract
• Psoriasis psoriasis
• Dermatitides e.g. seborrheic dermatitis or light dermatitis
• Keratitis and keratoses e.g. seborrheic keratoses, senile keratoses, actinic keratosis, photo-induced keratoses or follicular keratosis
• HPV Human papilloma viral infections, e.g. venereal papillomata, viral warts, e.g. Molluscum contagiosum, leukoplakia
• - Papular dermatoses e.g. Lichen planus - skin cancer, such as Basal cell carcinomas, melanomas or cutaneous T cells
• PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome
• osteoarthritis - lupus erythematosus (LE) or inflammatory rheumatic diseases, e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis
• ARDS - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• the amount of compound of the invention required to achieve the desired biological effect is dependent upon a number of factors, eg, the specific compound chosen, the intended use, the mode of administration, and the clinical condition of the patient.
• the daily dose ranges from 0.3 mg to 100 mg (typically from 3 mg to 50 mg) per day per kilogram of body weight, eg, 3 -10 mg / kg / day.
• an intravenous dose may range from 0.3 mg to 1.0 mg / kg, which may suitably be administered as an infusion of 10 ng to 100 ng per kilogram per minute.
• Suitable infusion solutions for these purposes may contain, for example, from 0.1 ng to 10 mg, typically from 1 ng to 10 mg per milliliter.
• Single doses may contain, for example, from 1 mg to 10 g of the active ingredient.
• injectable ampoules, and orally administrable unit dose formulations such as tablets or capsules, may contain, for example, from 0.05 to 1000 mg, typically from 0.5 to 600 mg.
• the compounds according to formula I can themselves be used as compound, but they are preferably present with a compatible carrier in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
• the carrier must of course be compatible in the sense that it is compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and is not harmful to the patient.
• the carrier may be a solid or a liquid, or both, and is preferably formulated with the compound as a single dose, for example, as a tablet, which may contain from 0.05% to 95% by weight of the active ingredient.
• Other pharmaceutically active substances may also be present, including other compounds of the invention.
• the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention can be prepared by one of the known pharmaceutical methods, which consist essentially in that the ingredients are mixed with pharmacologically acceptable carriers and / or excipients.
• compositions according to the invention are those which are suitable for oral, rectal, topical, peroral (eg sublingual) and parenteral (eg subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal or intravenous) administration, although the most suitable mode of administration in each individual case is the nature and severity of the treatment State and on the nature of the particular compound used in accordance with formula I is dependent. Also coated formulations and coated slow release formulations are within the scope of the invention. Preference is given to acid and enteric formulations. Suitable enteric-coated Coatings include cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate and anionic polymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate.
• Suitable pharmaceutical preparations for oral administration may be in separate units, such as capsules, cachets, lozenges or tablets, each containing a certain amount of the compound of formula I; as a powder or granules; as a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion.
• these compositions may be prepared by any suitable pharmaceutical method comprising a step of contacting the active ingredient and the carrier (which may consist of one or more additional ingredients).
• the compositions are prepared by uniformly and homogeneously mixing the active ingredient with a liquid and / or finely divided solid carrier, after which the product is molded, if necessary.
• a tablet can be made by compressing or molding a powder or granules of the compound, optionally with one or more additional ingredients.
• Pressed tablets may be prepared by tableting the compound in free-flowing form, such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, and / or one or more surface active / dispersing agents in a suitable machine.
• Molded tablets may be prepared by shaping the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent in a suitable machine.
• compositions suitable for peroral (sublingual) administration include lozenges containing a compound of formula I with a flavor, usually sucrose and gum arabic or tragacanth, and lozenges containing the compound in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerol or sucrose and gum arabic.
• Suitable pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration preferably comprise sterile aqueous preparations of a compound according to formula I which are preferably isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient. These preparations are preferably administered intravenously, although the administration may also be subcutaneous, intramuscular or intradermal as an injection. These preparations may preferably be prepared by mixing the compound with water and rendering the resulting solution sterile and isotonic with the blood.
• Injectable compositions of the invention generally contain from 0.1% to 5% by weight of the active compound.
• Suitable pharmaceutical compositions for rectal administration are preferably as single dose suppositories. These can be prepared by mixing a compound according to formula I with one or more conventional solid carriers, for example cocoa butter, and shaping the resulting mixture.
• Suitable pharmaceutical compositions for topical application to the skin are preferably as an ointment, cream, lotion, paste, spray, aerosol or oil.
• Vaseline, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, alcohols, and combinations of two or more of these substances can be used as the carrier.
• the active ingredient is generally present at a level of from 0.1% to 15% by weight of the composition, for example from 0.5% to 2%.
• Suitable pharmaceutical compositions for transdermal applications may exist as single patches suitable for long-term close contact with the epidermis of the patient. Such patches suitably contain the active ingredient in an optionally buffered aqueous solution, dissolved and / or dispersed in an adhesive or dispersed in a polymer.
• a suitable active ingredient concentration is about 1% to 35%, preferably about 3% to 15%.
• the drug may be released by electrotransport or iontophoresis as described, for example, in Pharmaceutical Research, 2 (6): 318 (1986).
• the compounds of the formula I are distinguished by favorable effects on metabolic disorders. They have a positive influence on the fat and sugar metabolism, they reduce in particular the triglyceride level and are suitable for the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes and atherosclerosis as well as their diverse secondary diseases.
• the compounds according to the invention can be administered alone or in combination with one or more further pharmacologically active substances which, for example, have beneficial effects on metabolic disorders or diseases frequently associated therewith.
• Such medications are for example
• agents for the treatment of heart failure 9. agents for the treatment of heart failure; and 10. active substances for the treatment and / or prevention of complications caused by
• Diabetes are caused or associated with diabetes.
• the administration of the drug combination can either by separate administration of the active ingredients to the Patients or in the form of combination preparations, wherein several active ingredients are present in a pharmaceutical preparation carried out.
• Examples include:
• Antidiabetics are disclosed, for example, in the Red List 2001, Chapter 12 or the USP Dictionary of US and International Drug Names, US Pharmacopeia, Rockville 2003.
• Antidiabetics include all insulins and insulin derivatives such as, for example, Lantus ® (see www.lantus.com) or Apidra ®, and other insulins (see US 6,221, 633), GL P-1 receptor modulators fast acting as described in WO 01/04146 or such as those disclosed in WO 98/08871 by Novo Nordisk A / S.
• the orally active hypoglycemic agents preferably include the sulfonylureas acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of beta cells (eg, as disclosed in WO 97/26265 and WO 99/03861), biguanides, meglitinides, glucagon antagonists, oral GLP-1 agonists, DPP -IV inhibitors, insulin sensitizers, eg PPAR and PXR modulators and drugs such as oxadiazolidinediones, thiazolidinediones, inhibitors of liver enzymes involved in the stimulation of gluconeogenesis and / or glycogenolysis, modulators of the sulfonylureas acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of beta cells (eg, as disclosed in WO 97/26265 and WO 99/03861), biguanides, meglitinides, glucagon antagonists, oral GLP-1 agonists, DPP -IV inhibitors, insulin sensitizers, eg
• Glucose uptake such as Glucosidase inhibitors, fat metabolism-altering compounds that alter the lipid composition of the blood, compounds that reduce food intake or food intake.
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with insulin.
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with substances which influence hepatic glucose production, for example glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors (see: WO 01/94300, WO 02/096864, WO 03/084923, WO 03 / 084922, WO 03/104188)
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with an agent that acts on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of beta cells, such as sulfonylureas (eg, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, glimepiride) or glinides (eg, repaglinide).
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with a biguanide such as metformin.
• the compounds of formula I are used in combination with a PPARgamma agonist or thiazolidinedione, such as, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or those described in WO 97/41097 by Dr. med.
• a PPARgamma agonist or thiazolidinedione such as, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or those described in WO 97/41097 by Dr. med.
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with an ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitor, such as miglitol or acarbose.
• an ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitor such as miglitol or acarbose.
• the compounds of the formula I are used in combination with more than one of the abovementioned compounds, for example in combination with a sulphonylurea and metformin, a sulphonylurea and acarbose, Repaglinide and metformin, insulin and a sulphonylurea, insulin and metformin, insulin and troglitazone, insulin and lovastatin, etc.
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor such as lovastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, ivastatin, itavastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin.
• an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor such as lovastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, ivastatin, itavastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin.
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with a bile acid resorption inhibitor (see, e.g., U.S. 6,245,744, U.S. 6,221,897, U.S. 6,277,831, EP 0 683 773, EP 0 683 774).
• a bile acid resorption inhibitor see, e.g., U.S. 6,245,744, U.S. 6,221,897, U.S. 6,277,831, EP 0 683 773, EP 0 683 774).
• the compounds of formula I are used in combination with a polymeric bile acid adsorber, e.g. Cholestyramine, colesevelam.
• a polymeric bile acid adsorber e.g. Cholestyramine, colesevelam.
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with a cholesterol resorption inhibitor, e.g. in WO 02/50027, or Ezetimibe, Tiqueside, Pamaqueside administered.
• a cholesterol resorption inhibitor e.g. in WO 02/50027, or Ezetimibe, Tiqueside, Pamaqueside administered.
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with an LDL receptor inducible (see, e.g., U.S. 6,342,512).
• the compounds of formula I in combination with bulking agents preferably insoluble bulking agents (see, for example, carob / Caromax ® (Zunft HJ; et al, Carob pulp preparation for treatment of hypercholesterolemia, ADVANCES IN THERAPY (2001 Sep-Oct). 18 (5), 230-6)); Caromax is a carob-containing product from Nutrinova, Nutrition Speciales & Food Ingredients
• Caromax ® can in a preparation carried out, or by separate administration of compounds of the formula I and Caromax ®.
• Caromax ® can also be administered in the form of food, such as in baked goods or muesli bars.
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a PPARalpha agonist.
• the compounds of formula I in combination with a mixed PPAR alpha / gamma agonist e.g. AZ 242 (Tesaglitazar, (S) -3- (4- [2- (4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl) ethoxy] phenyl) -2-ethoxypropionic acid), BMS 298585 (N - [(4-methoxyphenoxy) carbonyl] -N - [[ 4- [2- (5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-oxazolyl) ethoxy] phenyl] methyl] glycine) or as in WO 99/62872, WO 99/62871, WO 01/40171, WO 01/40169, WO 96/38428, WO 01/81327, WO 01/21602, WO 03/020269, WO 00/64888 or WO 00/64876.
• AZ 242 Tesaglitazar, (S) -3-
• the compounds of formula I are used in combination with a fibrate, e.g. Fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate.
• a fibrate e.g. Fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate.
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with nicotinic acid or niacin.
• the compounds of formula I in combination with a CETP inhibitor e.g. CP-529, 414 (torcetrapib).
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an ACAT inhibitor
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an MTP inhibitor, such as, for example, implitapide. In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an antioxidant.
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a lipoprotein lipase inhibitor.
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor.
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a squalene synthetase inhibitor.
• the compounds of the formula I are administered in combination with a lipoprotein (a) antagonist.
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with a lipase inhibitor, e.g. Orlistat, administered.
• a lipase inhibitor e.g. Orlistat
• the other active ingredient is fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine. In yet another embodiment, the other active ingredient is sibutramine.
• the compounds of the formula I are used in combination with CART modulators (see “Cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript-influenced transient influenza energy metabolism, anxiety and gastric emptying in mice" Asakawa, A, et al., M .: Hormones and Metabolism Research (2001), 33 (9), 554-558), NPY antagonists, eg, naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid ⁇ 4 - [(4-amino-quinazolin-2-ylamino) -methyl] -cyclohexylmethyl ⁇ -amide; hydrochloride (CGP 71683A)), MC4 agonists (eg.
• the further active ingredient is leptin.
• the other active ingredient is dexamphetamine, amphetamine, mazindol or phentermine.
• the additional active ingredient is one or more antidiabetics, hypoglycemic agents, HMGCoA reductase inhibitors, cholesterol resorption inhibitors, PPAR gamma agonists, PPAR alpha agonists, PPAR alpha / gamma agonists, fibrates, MTP inhibitors, bile acid resorption inhibitors, CETP inhibitors, polymeric bile acid adsorbers , LDL Receptor Inducer, ACAT Inhibitors, Antioxidants, Lipoprotein Lipase Inhibitors, ATP Citrate Lyase Inhibitors, Squalene Synthase Inhibitors, Lipoprotein (a) Antagonists, Lipase Inhibitors, Insulins, Sulphonylureas, Biguanides, Meglitinides, Thiazolidinediones, ⁇ -
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with drugs having effects on the cardiovascular and blood vessel systems, e.g. ACE inhibitors (e.g., ramipril), drugs acting on the angiotensin-renin system, calcium antagonists, beta-blockers, etc.
• drugs having effects on the cardiovascular and blood vessel systems e.g. ACE inhibitors (e.g., ramipril), drugs acting on the angiotensin-renin system, calcium antagonists, beta-blockers, etc.
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with anti-inflammatory drugs.
• the compounds of formula I are administered in combination with medicaments used for cancer therapy and cancer prevention. It is understood that any suitable combination of the compounds of the present invention with one or more of the foregoing compounds and optionally one or more other pharmacologically active substances is considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.
• Isolated rat fat cells are obtained from epididymal adipose tissue from untreated male rats (Wistar, 220-250 g) by collagenase treatment according to published procedures (eg S. Nilsson et al., Anal. Biochem., 158, 1986, 399-407, G. Fredrikson et Chem. 256, 1981, 6311-6320, H. Tornquist et al., J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1976, 813-819).
• the fat cells from 10 rats are washed three times by flotation with in each case 50 ml of homogenization buffer (25 ml Tris / HCl, pH 7.4, 0.25 M sucrose, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 10 ⁇ g / ml leupeptin, 10 ⁇ g / ml antipain, 20 ⁇ g / ml pepstatin) and finally taken up in 10 ml homogenization buffer.
• the fat cells are homogenized in a Teflon-in-glass homogenizer (Braun-Melsungen) by 10 strokes at 1500 rpm and 15 ° C.
• the homogenate is centrifuged (Sorvall SM24 tube, 5000 rpm, 10 min, 4 ° C).
• the shelter between the fat layer above and the pellet is removed and the centrifugation repeated.
• the resulting shelter is centrifuged again (Sorvall
• SM24 tubes 20000 rpm, 45 min, 4 0 C).
• the shelter is removed and treated with 1 g of heparin-Sepharose (Pharmacia Biotech, CL-6B, washed 5 times with 25 mM Tris / HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl). (Shake at intervals of 15 min) after incubation for 60 min at 4 ° C, the batch is centrifuged (Sorvall SM24 tubes, 3000 rpm, 10 min, 4 0 C). The supernatant is brought to pH 5.2 by addition of glacial acetic acid and incubated for 30 min at 4 ° C.
• the precipitates are through Centrifugation (Sorvall SS34, 12,000 rpm, 10 min, 4 ° C) and in 2.5 ml of 20 mM Tris / HCl, pH 7.0, 1 mM EDTA, 65 mM NaCl, 13% sucrose, 1 mM DTT, 10 ⁇ g / ml leupeptin / Pepstatin / antipain suspended. The suspension is dialyzed overnight at 4 ° C.
• the HSL is eluted with a volume of equilibration buffer containing 0.5 M potassium phosphate, then dialyzed (see above) and concentrated 5-10 fold by ultrafiltration (Amicon Diaflo PM 10 filter) at 4 ° C.
• the partially purified HSL can be stored for 4 to 6 weeks at -70 0C.
• trioleoylglycerol in toluene
• trioloylglycerol 0.6 mg
• phospholipids phosphatidylcholine / phosphatidylinositol 3: 1 w / v
• 2 ml 0.1 M KPi pH 7.0
• Substances are usually tested in four independent approaches.
• the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of HSL by a test substance is determined by comparison with a non-inhibited control reaction.
• the calculation of IC ö o value from an inhibition plot with min. 10 concentrations of the test substance.
• the software package GRAPHIT, Elsevier BIOSOFT, is used for the analysis of the data.
• EL is released as a secretory protein from recombinant cell lines (CHO, HEK293) in high concentration in cell culture medium (conditioned medium). This is used after concentration as an enzyme solution.
• the phospholipase-specific substrate becomes 1,2-bis- (4,4-difluoro- ⁇ .Z-dimethyl-bora- Sa -a-diaza-s-indacene
• the fluorescent dye Bodipy is released which, after separation by thin layer chromatography on an HPTLC plate (Kieselgel 60, Chromatography, Vol.
• the subsequent enzyme reaction takes place at 37 ° C. for 60 minutes.
• 45 ⁇ l of the substrate solution are incubated with 1 ⁇ l inhibitor of appropriate concentration (dissolved in DMSO, pure DMSO solution is used for the control) and 5 ⁇ l of enzyme solution (conditioned medium).
• ICs 0 the inhibitor concentration at which a half-maximal enzyme activity is observed.
• the preparation of the compounds of general formula I according to the invention is carried out according to methods known per se, e.g. by acylation of substituted or unsubstituted azoles II with carbamoyl chlorides III (method A), or in two stages by reacting azoles II with phosgene or equivalents such as trichloromethyl chloroformate, carboxylic acid nitrilotiormethyl or 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate and further reacting the obtained Azolcarbonklats with amines IV (Method B).
• R3 is hydrogen
• the reactions can be carried out in wide temperature ranges. In general, it has been found to be advantageous to work at 0 0 C to the boiling point of the solvent used.
• the solvents used are, for example, methylene chloride, THF, DMF, toluene, ethyl acetate, n-heptane, dioxane, diethyl ether or pyridine.
• azoles or corresponding azabased derivatives used as starting compounds II are commercially available or can be prepared by literature methods (eg K. Bowden, G. Crank, W., J. Roos, J. Chem. Soc., 1968, 172-185 T. Chiyoda, K. Iida, K. Takatori, M. Kajiwara, Synlett 2000, 10, 1427-1428, MA Khan, FK Rafla, J. Chem. Soc., 1975, 693-694).

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