EP1859462B1 - Dispositif d'actionnement magnetique - Google Patents

Dispositif d'actionnement magnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1859462B1
EP1859462B1 EP06725030.8A EP06725030A EP1859462B1 EP 1859462 B1 EP1859462 B1 EP 1859462B1 EP 06725030 A EP06725030 A EP 06725030A EP 1859462 B1 EP1859462 B1 EP 1859462B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
actuating
actuator
lever
holding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06725030.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1859462A1 (fr
Inventor
Jörg HAGEN
Carsten Protze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1859462A1 publication Critical patent/EP1859462A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1859462B1 publication Critical patent/EP1859462B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/46—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using rod or lever linkage, e.g. toggle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic actuator with a reference element, a relative to the reference element movably arranged between a first end position and a second actuator, wherein the reference element and / or the actuator comprises magnetizable material, a drive coil for generating the actuator from the first end position in the second end position moving magnetic field, a mechanical tensioning device for holding mechanical energy, with which the actuator is to be brought from the second end position to the first end position, and a fixing means having a permanent magnet for generating an actuator relative to the reference element in the second end position fixing Holding force, wherein the fixing device comprises a permanent magnet containing, separate from the actuator fixing unit.
  • Such a magnetic actuator is preferably used to operate a high voltage or power switch.
  • a magnetic actuator is known. This is designed to operate a vacuum switch to interrupt a high voltage circuit.
  • the actuator is moved against a restoring force of coil springs by means of an electromagnet from an open position to a closed position. In the closed position, the vacuum switch is then closed, ie a movable contact part of the vacuum switch contacts a fixed contact part of the switch.
  • the actuator is still on a permanent magnet whose magnetic field acts in the direction of movement of the actuator. In the on position, this permanent magnetic force holds the actuator against the return action of the coil springs.
  • the applied force from the permanent magnet is therefore very large, whereby a correspondingly large-sized permanent magnet must be attached to the actuator.
  • the DE 103 09 697 discloses a magnetic linear drive having an iron core and a coil.
  • a movable armature is associated with a yoke and a permanent magnet. In a first end position of the armature, this is held due to the magnetic holding forces generated by the permanent magnet and a yoke bridging a gap in the iron core.
  • the actuator is held by mechanical latching in the end positions. That the mechanical latch provides a holding force in the direction of movement of the actuator.
  • mechanical latching is not always reliable in practice and also susceptible to wear, resulting in considerable costs.
  • a magnetic actuator which has a fixing device with a permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet is arranged on the reference element.
  • the magnetic force emitted by the permanent magnet is used to hold the actuator there in an end position. Due to the proposed construction is to effect a reliable fixation of the actuator in an end position a high magnetic force needed.
  • a drive coil For a detachment of the actuator from the fixed end position is a drive coil to energize.
  • a high magnetic force for fixing the actuator requires strong energization of the drive coil to cancel the fixation.
  • a high energy requirement for the solution of the actuator from the fixed end position is undesirable.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a magnetic switching device with a compact designed magnetic actuator in which a fixation of the actuator in the second end position is reliably feasible and despite reliable fixation lifting the fixation with low energy consumption is possible.
  • the actuator fixing unit By providing a separate from the actuator fixing unit with the permanent magnet, no permanent magnet must be attached to the actuator, whereby the actuator can be made much more compact.
  • the reference element which generally surrounds the actuator, can thus be reduced in its dimensioning accordingly.
  • the magnetic actuator can be made more compact overall, but at the same time a fixation of the actuator in the second end position can be reliably realized.
  • the fixing unit is arranged separately from the reference element. This allows a particularly compact design of the unit formed by the reference element and the actuator of the magnetic actuator.
  • both the reference element and the actuator have magnetizable material, in particular ferromagnetic material.
  • the magnetic field generated by the drive coil can act both on the reference element and on the actuator for moving the actuator from the first end position to the second end position.
  • the magnetic holding force generated by the fixing device acts transversely to the direction of movement of the actuator.
  • the holding force required for fixing the actuator is then small compared a force urging the actuator from the locking position in the direction of movement of the actuator. Due to the relatively small amount of force required to hold the actuator, the fixation can be reliably realized. Also, only a correspondingly small amount of force is needed to solve the actuator from the fixation. Furthermore, by maintaining the finding no major costs, since only a relatively small holding force must be applied. Also, the low holding force hardly causes wear of the components acted upon with it, whereby the maintenance costs are reduced.
  • the reference element is coupled to the actuator via a lever arrangement which is designed to convert a force exerted by the actuator on the lever arrangement in the direction of movement of the actuator force into a force acting transversely thereto smaller amount.
  • the actuator can be kept in a technically particularly simple and reliable manner by utilizing a smaller holding force in the second final setting position as compared to a restoring force applied to the actuator. This allows the deployment costs for the holding force reduce, as well as wear of the components to which the holding force attacks, largely avoid.
  • the lever arrangement has a first lever which can be fastened rotatably to the reference element and a second lever which can be fastened rotatably to the actuator, wherein, in particular, the first lever and the second lever are connected to one another via a rotary joint.
  • the actuator can be kept in a particularly simple manner in the intended locking position, preferably the rotary joint for connecting the lever with a magnetizable material having a retaining element is coupled.
  • This magnetizable material may be in particular ferromagnetic material.
  • a magnetic field provided for fixing the holding element magnetizes such a holding element and exerts a corresponding magnetic holding force thereon.
  • the magnetic field emanating from the permanent magnet of the fixing device serves to fix the holding element to the fixing device, which in particular is fixed relative to the reference element. This can be on technically particularly simple and reliable way to realize the determination of the actuator in the intended position.
  • the fixing device and the retaining element in the position in which the retaining element is fixed to the fixing device form parts of a closed iron circle. That is, the holding member closes an open position of a magnetic iron circle.
  • the holding member closes an open position of a magnetic iron circle.
  • the holding member closes an open position of a magnetic iron circle.
  • the two holding elements can complete an iron circle by applying them on two spaced apart iron parts, wherein one of the iron parts contains a magnetic field generating element, such as a permanent magnet.
  • a magnetic field generating element such as a permanent magnet.
  • the mechanical tensioning device comprises a return spring.
  • the fixing device continues to be a magnetic Separating coil, by means of which a counter-magnetic field can be generated, which counteracts the holding force generated by the permanent magnet. If now the counter-magnetic field is generated by means of the magnetic separating coil, then the holding force is reduced to such an extent that the force approximately exceeds a restoring spring, the holding force. As a result, the retainer moves away from the fixture. Since the strength of the holding magnetic field greatly decreases with increasing distance of the holding element from the fixing device, the magnetic separating coil can be quickly switched off again as soon as the holding element has a suitable distance from the fixing device.
  • the actuator moves automatically with disconnected coil by the force of the return spring automatically in the opposite end position, in particular in the open position. Since the isolating coil only has to be operated for a short time in order to switch off the switch, only a small amount of energy is required for this, which can optionally be provided by a suitably designed capacitor.
  • a magnetic actuating device for actuating a high-voltage switch is shown in a first sectional view. It shows an electromagnetic plunger armature drive which has a reference element 1 made of ferromagnetic material designed as a stator, a magnetic drive coil 2 serving as a turn-on coil and an actuator 3 made of ferromagnetic material designed as an armature.
  • an electromagnetic plunger armature drive which has a reference element 1 made of ferromagnetic material designed as a stator, a magnetic drive coil 2 serving as a turn-on coil and an actuator 3 made of ferromagnetic material designed as an armature.
  • the reference element 1 and the actuator 3 have corresponding oblique, from the magnetic flux of the drive coil 2 interspersed anchor and stator surfaces. This geometry makes it possible to optimally use the magnetic force generated by the magnetic drive coil 2, in particular with a large distance of the stator and armature surfaces to each other.
  • FIG. 1 shows the actuator 3 in the off position. In this position, contact elements of the actuated via the control rod 3a high-voltage switch are disconnected.
  • the actuator 3 is made of ferromagnetic material and can by means of serving as Einschaltspule magnetic drive coil 2 in the in FIG. 2 shown switching position to be moved. In this position, a small gap between the inclined surfaces of the reference element 1 and the actuator 3 remains to prevent mechanical welding of the two elements.
  • return springs 4 and 4 ' When switching on two arranged respectively between the actuator 3 and the reference element 1 return springs 4 and 4 'are compressed and thus put under tension.
  • Fixing device 16 shown consists of an open iron circle 5, a permanent magnet 6 and a magnetic separating coil 15.
  • the open iron circle consists of three preferably fixed individual iron parts 5a, 5b and 5c.
  • the first iron part 5a and the second iron part 5b are connected to each other via the permanent magnet 6, while a third iron part 5c is arranged offset upward with respect to the first two iron parts 5a and 5b.
  • This third iron part 5c is surrounded by the magnetic separation coil.
  • the two holding elements 7 and 7 ' are each arranged on a lever arrangement designed as a lever arrangement 8 and 8'.
  • the two lever arrangements 8 and 8 'each have a first lever 9 or 9' and a second lever 10 or 10 'connected thereto via a lever connection joint 13 or 13'.
  • the holding elements are 7 or 7 'to the respective contact surfaces of the open iron circuit 5 and are held by the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 6 thereto.
  • This magnetic holding force 14 or 14 ' is sufficient to keep the actuator 3 against the restoring force of the return springs 4 and 4' in the closed position.
  • the holding force 14 or 14 ' can be smaller, for example by a factor of 10, than the restoring force of the restoring springs 4 or 4'.
  • FIG. 5 shows the power transmission through the lever assembly 8 'in the in FIG. 4 shown switched-on position.
  • one behaves on the first pivot 12 'of the lever assembly in the direction of movement of the actuator 3 applied force F2 to a force acting on the lever joint joint 13 'perpendicular to the force F2 F1 as follows:
  • F ⁇ 1 F ⁇ 2 tan ⁇ 1 + tan ⁇ 2
  • ⁇ 1 is the external angle between the direction of the force F 2 and the direction of the first lever 9 'and ⁇ 2 is the external angle between the direction of the force F 2 and the direction of the second lever 10'.
  • the actuator described is an electromagnetic actuator with a large stroke, in which the Ausoderergie is kept in the return spring.
  • This embodiment allows for a so-called OCO switching sequence a reduced provision of electrical energy. As shown, takes place in the closed position permanent magnetic positional fixing, whereas in the off position, a mechanical positional fixation due to the bias of the return springs.
  • the switch-on position and the switch-off position are the only two stable positions of the actuator.
  • the actuator Before the OCO switching sequence, the actuator is in the closed position, whereby the energy for the first turn-off is already stored in the return springs.
  • the power for the second cut-off is supplied to the system during start-up (return springs are cocked).
  • the energy For an OCO switching sequence, therefore, only the energy must be kept available for a switch-on (eg in capacitors), this energy corresponding to the energy requirement of the system for switching on and off, since the return springs are tensioned during switch-on.
  • the provision of energy for the first turn-off is saved in the actuator according to the invention.

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique comprenant :
    - un élément (1) de référence,
    - un actionneur (3) monté mobile par rapport à l'élément (1) de référence entre une première position d'extrémité et une deuxième position d'extrémité, l'élément (1) de référence et/ou l'actionneur (3) comportant du matériau magnétisable,
    - une bobine (2) d'entraînement pour la production d'un champ magnétique déplaçant l'actionneur (3) de la première position d'extrémité à la deuxième position d'extrémité,
    - un dispositif (4, 4') mécanique de tension pour fournir de l'énergie mécanique, par lequel on peut faire passer l'actionneur (3) de la deuxième position d'extrémité à la première position d'extrémité, et
    - un dispositif (16) d'immobilisation ayant un aimant (6) permanent et destiné à produire une force de maintien immobilisant, dans la deuxième position d'extrémité, l'actionneur (3) par rapport à l'élément (1) de référence, dans lequel
    le dispositif (16) d'immobilisation comprend une unité (5) d'immobilisation comportant l'aimant (6) permanent et distincte de l'actionneur (3),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément (1) de référence est couplé à l'actionneur (3) par un agencement (8, 8') à levier, qui est conformé pour la transformation d'une force (F2) appliquée par l'actionneur (3) à l'agencement (8, 8') de levier dans la direction de déplacement de l'actionneur (3) en une force (F1) agissant transversalement à celle-ci et de valeur absolue plus petite.
  2. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'unité (5) d'immobilisation est montée séparément de l'élément (1) de référence.
  3. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    à la fois l'élément (1) de référence et l'actionneur (3) comportent du matériau magnétisable, notamment du matériau ferromagnétique.
  4. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la force magnétique de maintien produite par le dispositif (16) d'immobilisation agit transversalement à la direction de déplacement de l'actionneur (3).
  5. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    dans la deuxième position d'extrémité de l'actionneur (3), un commutateur actionné par l'actionneur (3) ménage une liaison conductrice.
  6. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'agencement de levier a un premier levier (9, 9') tournant et pouvant être fixé à l'élément (1)de référence ainsi qu'un deuxième levier (10, 10') tournant et pouvant être fixé à l'actionneur (3), notamment le premier levier (9, 9') et le deuxième leviers (10, 10') étant reliés entre eux par une articulation (13, 13') tournante.
  7. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'articulation (13, 13') tournante est, pour la liaison des deux leviers (9, 9', 10, 10'), couplée à un élément (7, 7') de maintien ayant du matériau magnétisable.
  8. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le champ magnétique issu de l'aimant (6) permanent du dispositif (16) d'immobilisation sert à fixer l'élément (7, 7') de maintien au dispositif (16) d'immobilisation, lequel est fixé, notamment par rapport à l'élément (1) de référence.
  9. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant la revendication 7 ou 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif (16) d'immobilisation et l'élément (7, 7') de maintien forment, dans la position dans laquelle l'élément (7, 7') de maintien est fixé au dispositif (16) d'immobilisation, des parties d'un circuit de fer fermé.
  10. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif (4, 4') de tension mécanique comprend un ressort de rappel.
  11. Dispositif d'actionnement mécanique suivant l'une des revendications 6 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif (16) d'immobilisation a, en outre, une bobine (15) de séparation magnétique, au moyen de laquelle peut être produit un champ magnétique antagoniste, qui s'oppose à la force de maintien produite par l'aimant permanent.
EP06725030.8A 2005-03-16 2006-03-14 Dispositif d'actionnement magnetique Not-in-force EP1859462B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005013197A DE102005013197A1 (de) 2005-03-16 2005-03-16 Magnetische Betätigungsvorrichtung
PCT/EP2006/060672 WO2006097452A1 (fr) 2005-03-16 2006-03-14 Dispositif d'actionnement magnetique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1859462A1 EP1859462A1 (fr) 2007-11-28
EP1859462B1 true EP1859462B1 (fr) 2013-05-01

Family

ID=36481506

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06725030.8A Not-in-force EP1859462B1 (fr) 2005-03-16 2006-03-14 Dispositif d'actionnement magnetique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7746202B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1859462B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101142647B (fr)
DE (1) DE102005013197A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006097452A1 (fr)

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ITMI20092145A1 (it) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-05 Aquilio Fabiano D Elettromagnete ad ancora o nucleo mobile concava o convessa atta ad ottimizzare le prestazioni attraverso una migliore distribuzione del flusso magnetico.
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101142647B (zh) 2010-11-17
EP1859462A1 (fr) 2007-11-28
WO2006097452A1 (fr) 2006-09-21
US20080224804A1 (en) 2008-09-18
DE102005013197A1 (de) 2006-09-28
US7746202B2 (en) 2010-06-29
CN101142647A (zh) 2008-03-12

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