EP1615242B1 - Actionneur électromagnétique - Google Patents

Actionneur électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1615242B1
EP1615242B1 EP05012955.0A EP05012955A EP1615242B1 EP 1615242 B1 EP1615242 B1 EP 1615242B1 EP 05012955 A EP05012955 A EP 05012955A EP 1615242 B1 EP1615242 B1 EP 1615242B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
yoke
force
spring element
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05012955.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1615242A2 (fr
EP1615242A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Dr.-Ing. Roschke
Steffen Dipl.-Ing. Schnitter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson Electric Dresden GmbH
Original Assignee
Saia Burgess Dresden GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saia Burgess Dresden GmbH filed Critical Saia Burgess Dresden GmbH
Publication of EP1615242A2 publication Critical patent/EP1615242A2/fr
Publication of EP1615242A3 publication Critical patent/EP1615242A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1615242B1 publication Critical patent/EP1615242B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/14—Pivoting armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/085—Yoke or polar piece between coil bobbin and armature having a gap, e.g. filled with nonmagnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator, in particular a bipolar electromagnetic actuator, which is used for example for controlled switching, as locking and locking system, as a solenoid and as a rotary and vibrating magnet.
  • the electromagnetic bipolar actuators immanent that they have designed as a permanent magnet and a Bestrombare excitation winding as a magnetomotive force sources (MMK) in a magnetic circuit. To take two different switching positions of the actuator remains in two stable end positions without further energy. Switching from one end position to the other end position is done by short pulses of different polarity.
  • a stator and excitation winding exhibiting magnet system for generating a magnetic flux in the direction of movement of the magnet system opposite armature is provided.
  • the armature acting on a transmission element, here an actuating rod has a permanent magnet arrangement which is polarized perpendicular to its direction of movement.
  • the permanent magnet arrangement of the armature is surrounded in the direction of magnetization of at least one soft magnetic element.
  • two electrical magnet systems are provided, between which the armature can assume two stable end positions.
  • a disadvantage of this Embodiment is the high design complexity with two excitation windings, a complex iron circle and a complex mounted push rod.
  • document DE 196 41 407 C1 discloses an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a pay telephone is previously known, in which a plurality of identical electromagnets are used to distribute the coins in the individual collection.
  • the power supply for the energization of the solenoids is done solely by the standardized telephone line.
  • the telephone line allows only a relatively small maximum current, a minimum energy consumption for the electromagnets is required.
  • bistable magnets which are switched back and forth with short pulses between the two stable end positions.
  • the hinged armature is secured in the open position by a return spring and held in the closed position by the remanence forces of the iron core after a Aufmagnet Deutschensimpuls. Since the remanence of the iron parts are relatively low, extremely high demands are placed on the accuracy of the pole faces, the abutment surfaces of the moving parts and the position of the components to each other.
  • the pole faces of the armature and of the base in the working air gap must, in particular, be plane-parallel so that the force does not drop too much through a residual air gap. In addition, the pole faces require high flatness and low surface roughness.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a bipolar electromagnetic actuator, which has high holding forces, which requires only a small amount of energy and in which the requirements for squareness and manufacturing accuracy of the components and the surface quality of the armature and the stator are low.
  • the electromagnetic bipolar actuator consists of a core and an excitation winding having electromagnet, a movable between an open position and a closed position in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the electromagnet and acted upon by the force of a spring element armature, and in the direction of movement of the armature extending yoke leg, which is connected via a yoke base to the core of the electromagnet.
  • the yoke leg runs parallel to the core of the electromagnet.
  • the armature includes a polarized permanent magnet sandwiched by an upper armature plate and a lower armature plate and abutting the yoke at least one end face of the upper armature plate and having a sub-air gap between at least one end face of the lower armature plate and the yoke.
  • the excitation winding is acted upon by means of a current pulse of suitable polarity such that the sum of the caused by the two magnetic fields of the electromagnet and the permanent magnet force effect is smaller or larger than the spring force of the spring element.
  • the permanent magnet field penetrates the armature and, via the secondary air gap, also the adjoining part of the yoke, whereby the force effect caused thereby is smaller than the spring force, so that the spring element is relaxed.
  • the permanent magnet field penetrates the armature, the yoke and the core of the excitation winding, the force effect thereby being greater than the spring force, so that the spring element remains in the cocked position.
  • the excitation winding is applied with a DC pulse in such a way that the resulting magnetic field in the direction of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, ie from the sum of the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet ( ⁇ P and the Electromagnets ⁇ E is greater than the force of the spring element F F , where ⁇ P and ⁇ E are rectified in their direction of action, so that C ⁇ ( ⁇ P + ⁇ E ) 2 > F F in the working air gap, the anchor is closed.
  • the present invention utilizes the principle of commutation as the operating principle for the electromagnetic bipolar actuator. This means that in the case of rectified magnetic fluxes, the forces add up and, in the case of polarization reversal of a magnetic field, ie for generating oppositely directed magnetic fluxes, the forces are - at least partially - compensated. As a result, the permanent magnetic flux ⁇ p commutates from the main flow path through the working air gap to the shunt, in which almost no electromagnetic force is generated on the armature
  • the yoke connected to the core of the excitation winding which ensures the magnetic return flow, is designed as a single-leg.
  • the yoke leg extends in the direction of movement of the armature and the yoke base is aligned orthogonal to the core.
  • the yoke of the armature in the region of an end face of the upper anchor plate for taking the open position and closed position is rotatable, so struck one-sidedly on the yoke or its legs.
  • the anchor thus circumscribes a circular motion with its free end.
  • the maximum opening angle of the armature relative to a horizontal design is in practice, however, between 1 ° and 20 °.
  • the spring element used to ensure the open position of the armature is clamped between the upper anchor plate and the yoke or between the lower anchor plate and the base.
  • the yoke is formed sauschenklig.
  • the two yoke legs which are connected to the yoke base, extend as in the single-leg configuration of the yoke in the direction of movement of the armature and thus extend parallel to the core of the exciter coil.
  • Both yoke legs are magnetically connected via the yoke base with the core of the exciter coil and form a U-shaped structure. To take the open position or closed position of the anchor this piston-like slides between the two yoke legs against the force of a spring element.
  • This spring element can be clamped between the upper armature plate of the armature and a fixed point placed beyond the excitation winding.
  • This fixed point can be located on the one hand on a frame which carries the entire electromagnetic bipolar actuator, or be attached to one or both yoke legs.
  • a tension spring or any other claimable on train spring is used for the spring element.
  • this spring element between the lower anchor plate of the armature and the base can be braced.
  • a compression spring or any other spring which can be subjected to pressure is preferably used as the spring element.
  • the anchor according to the invention consists of three components, namely the upper anchor plate, the lower anchor plate and the permanent magnet, which is sandwiched by these two anchor plates. These components are flat and preferably rectangular or round in cross-section.
  • the attachment to each other is preferably carried out by means of thin non-magnetically conductive metallic pins or non-magnetically conductive metallic rivets, so that the remaining contact area between the armature plates and the permanent magnet is formed as large as possible.
  • a connecting means may also be used a metal powder having adhesive, which is magnetically conductive.
  • the permanent magnet of the armature is polarized in the direction of its movement direction or in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the excitation winding.
  • the lower armature plate is formed shorter than the upper armature plate. It has become a one-legged trial Joch pointed out that a further optimization with regard to the utilization of the commutation principle can be achieved by using when the lower anchor plate at the side facing away from the yoke conically tapered.
  • the lower anchor plate opposite the upper anchor plate is shortened on both sides.
  • a secondary air gap arises between the lower anchor plate and the two yoke legs in each case a secondary air gap.
  • the exact dimensioning of the secondary air gap is therefore essential for the operation of the bipolar electromagnetic actuator according to the invention and dependent on the field strength ⁇ P and ⁇ E of the magnetic fields of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet.
  • the secondary air gap is always such dimensioned and interpreted, this is less than the average distance between the lower armature plate of the armature and facing the lower armature plate Front side of the core of the excitation winding; So the working air gap.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the electromagnetic bipolar actuator according to the invention in its construction.
  • the electromagnetic part of the actuator consists of a core 1.2 and an excitation winding 1.1 having the electromagnet 1.
  • the seated on the monobloc yoke 1.3 and connected to it core 1.2 is ferritic and when energizing the excitation winding 1.1 thus magnetically conductive.
  • the yoke leg adjoining the yoke base extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the excitation winding 1.1 and thus in the direction of movement of the armature 2, which forms the permanent-magnetic part of the actuator.
  • Trained as a hinged armature anchor 2 comprises an upper anchor plate 2.3, a lower anchor plate 2.1 and one of these two anchor plates 2.3, 2.1 enclosed permanent magnet 2.2. At an end face of the upper anchor plate 2.3, the armature 2 is pivoted to the yoke leg 1.3.
  • the lower anchor plate 2.1 is shorter than the upper anchor plate 2.3, whereby a secondary air gap 3 is formed between the lower anchor plate 2.1 and the yoke leg.
  • the armature 2 In the open state, the armature 2 assumes a first stable end position. Since between the yoke leg and the upper anchor plate 2.3 a spring element designed as a spring element 5 is arranged clamped, the armature 2 can remain in this position.
  • the armature 2 In the closed state, as shown here, the armature 2 is located on an end face of the core 1.2 of the excitation winding 1.1, which corresponds to the second stable end position of the armature 2.
  • a very small air gap 4 is formed between the underside of the lower anchor plate 2.1 and the end face of the core 1.2 of the excitation winding 1.1, which is exaggerated here for better identification.
  • Fig. 2 the opening state of the armature 2 is shown.
  • the anchor 2 lingers in its first stable end position.
  • the excitation winding 1.1 is de-energized.
  • the positioning of the armature 2 is maintained by a spring element 5, that is clamped between the upper armature plate 2.3 and the single-ended yoke 1.3.
  • the magnetic flux caused by the permanent magnet 2.2 polarized in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the excitation winding 1.1 penetrates the armature 2 and also the yoke 1.3 via the secondary air gap 3.
  • the resulting force effect is smaller than the spring force.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is the switch-on, so the process of closing the armature 2, and illustrates the associated voltage and current waveform.
  • the anchor 2 according to Fig. 2 is still aligned in its first stable end position, is to achieve the in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 shown closed position, the excitation winding 1.1 applied to a DC pulse.
  • a second magnetic field 7.2 (solid line) with the magnetic flux ⁇ E through the excitation winding 1.1 of the electromagnet 1 is generated.
  • the magnetic fluxes 7.1 of the permanent magnet 2.2 ⁇ P and 7.2 of the electromagnet 1 ⁇ E are rectified in their direction of action and add up to a common electromagnetic flux with the resulting magnetic field 7.3.
  • the resulting magnetic field 7.3 acts in the direction of the magnetic field 7.1 of the permanent magnet 2.2, wherein the armature 2 is attracted by the resulting force in the working air gap 4.
  • the armature 2 assumes its second stable end position.
  • the force effect of the resulting magnetic field 7.3 is greater than the force of the spring element 5 F F , so that the following applies: C ⁇ ( ⁇ P + ⁇ E ) 2 > F F.
  • the Fig. 4 shows very clearly that the pulse duration of the current application of the excitation winding must be short.
  • Fig. 5 the closed state of the armature 2 is shown.
  • the armature 2 lingers in its second stable end position.
  • the excitation winding 1.1 is again de-energized.
  • the armature 2 is located with the underside of the lower armature plate 2.1 on an end face of the core 1.2 of the excitation winding 1.1, whereby the spring element 5 is tensioned.
  • the permanent magnetic field 7.1 penetrates the armature 2, the yoke 1.3 and the core 1.2 of the excitation winding 1.1.
  • the force effect caused by the permanent magnetic field 7.1 is greater than the spring force. Solely by the force of the permanent magnetic field 7.1, the armature 2 is held in this second end position.
  • the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 illustrate the switch-off process to achieve the stable end position according to Fig. 2 , So the process of opening the armature 2, and the associated voltage and current waveform. While the anchor 2 according to Fig. 5 is still aligned in its second stable end position, is in the Fig. 6 the excitation winding 1.1 applied for the purpose of opening the armature 2 with a DC voltage pulse. In addition to the magnetic field 7.1 of the permanent magnet 2.2, a second magnetic field 7.2 is generated by the excitation winding 1.1. The electromagnetic fluxes 7.1, 7.2 of the permanent magnet 2.2 ⁇ P , and the electromagnet 1 ⁇ E are directed in their direction of action and compensate each other almost. The arrows illustrate the two opposite directions of action.
  • the magnetic field 7.2 of the excitation winding 1.1 displaces the magnetic field 7.1 of the permanent magnet 2.2 in the secondary air gap 3, wherein the resultant force of the resulting magnetic field 7.3 in the working air gap 4 is smaller than the spring force F F.
  • the armature 2 is attracted by the spring element 5 and assumes its first stable end position.
  • Fig. 7 the pulse duration of the current application of the excitation winding 1.1 is shown.
  • the difference to Fig. 4 is, however, that a polarization reversal of the magnetic field 7.2 of the electromagnet 1 was carried out.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Actionneur bipolaire électromagnétique, consistant en un électroaimant (1) ayant un noyau (1.2) et un bobinage d'excitation (1.1), un induit (2) mobile entre une position d'ouverture et une position de fermeture dans le sens de l'axe longitudinal de l'électroaimant (1) et sur lequel la force d'un élément de ressort (5) est applicable, ainsi qu'un joug (1.3) s'étendant dans le sens du mouvement de l'induit (2) et joint au noyau (1.2) de l'électroaimant (1), caractérisé en ce que l'induit (2) comprend un aimant permanent (2.2) polarisé pris en sandwich entre une plaque d'induit supérieure (2.3) et une plaque d'induit inférieure (2.1), s'abutant au joug (1.3) par au moins une face de la plaque d'induit supérieure (2.3) et présentant un entrefer secondaire (3) entre au moins une face de la plaque d'induit inférieure (2.1) et le joug (1.3),
    a. le bobinage d'excitation (1.1) étant conçu pour être soumis à une impulsion de courant d'une polarité appropriée afin que l'induit (2) puisse prendre sa position d'ouverture et sa position de fermeture, de manière à ce que la somme de l'effet de force produit par les deux champs magnétiques (7.2, 7.1) de l'électroaimant (1) et de l'aimant permanent (2.2) soit inférieure ou supérieure à la force de ressort de l'élément de ressort (5), et que
    b. lorsque l'induit (2) persiste dans la position d'ouverture, le champ magnétique de l'aimant permanent (2.2) pénètre l'induit (2) et, par l'entrefer secondaire (3), le joug (1.3), et que l'effet de force ainsi produit soit inférieure à la force de ressort de l'élément de ressort (5), et que
    c. lorsque l'induit (2) persiste dans la position de fermeture, le champ magnétique de l'aimant permanent (7.1) pénètre l'induit (2), le joug (1.3) et le noyau (1.2) du bobinage d'excitation (1.1), et que l'effet de force ainsi produit soit supérieure à la force de ressort de l'élément de ressort.
  2. Actionneur bipolaire électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, pour la mise sous tension, donc pour la prise de la position de fermeture de l'induit (2), la somme des flux magnétiques (7.1, 7.2) de l'aimant permanent (2.2) Φ P et de l'électroaimant (1) Φ E est supérieure à la force de l'élément de ressort (5) FF, et que l'action de Φ P et Φ E va dans le même sens, ce qui donne: C · (Φ P + Φ E )2 > FF.
  3. Actionneur bipolaire électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, pour la mise hors tension, donc pour la prise de la position d'ouverture de l'induit (2), la somme des flux magnétiques (7.1, 7.2) de l'aimant permanent (2.2) Φ P et de l'électroaimant (1) Φ E se compensent largement l'un par l'autre et que la force de l'élément de ressort (5) FF est donc supérieure à la force issue de la somme des flux magnétiques Φ P et Φ E , ce qui donne: C · (Φ P + Φ E )2 < FF.
  4. Actionneur bipolaire électromagnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le joug (1.3) s'étendant dans le sens de mouvement de l'induit (2) est conçu en une branche et que l'induit (2) est fixé de manière pivotable au joug (1.3) au voisinage d'une face de la plaque d'induit supérieure (2.3) afin de prendre la position d'ouverture et la position de fermeture, l'élément de ressort (5) étant soit tendu entre la plaque d'induit supérieure (2.3) et le joug (1.3), soit disposé alternativement comme ressort de pression entre le socle et la plaque d'induit inférieure.
  5. Actionneur bipolaire électromagnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le joug (1.3) s'étendant dans le sens de mouvement de l'induit (2) est conçu en deux branches de manière à ce que l'induit (2) soit disposé à glisser comme un piston entre les deux branches du joug contre la force d'un élément de ressort (5).
  6. Actionneur bipolaire électromagnétique selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de ressort (5) se trouve soit tendu entre la plaque d'induit supérieure (2.3) et un point de fixation placé au-delà du bobinage d'excitation (1.1), soit disposé alternativement comme ressort de pression entre le socle et la plaque d'induit inférieure.
  7. Actionneur bipolaire électromagnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, afin de former un entrefer secondaire (3) entre la plaque inférieure (2.1) de l'induit (2), orientée quant à elle vers le bobinage d'excitation (1.1), et le joug (1.3), la plaque d'induit inférieure (2.1) est conçue d'une taille plus courte que la plaque d'induit supérieure (2.3).
  8. Actionneur bipolaire électromagnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'induit (2) est configuré selon une section angulaire ou ronde.
EP05012955.0A 2004-07-06 2005-06-16 Actionneur électromagnétique Not-in-force EP1615242B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410034296 DE102004034296B3 (de) 2004-07-06 2004-07-06 Elektromagnetischer Aktuator

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1615242A2 EP1615242A2 (fr) 2006-01-11
EP1615242A3 EP1615242A3 (fr) 2011-09-14
EP1615242B1 true EP1615242B1 (fr) 2015-08-26

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EP05012955.0A Not-in-force EP1615242B1 (fr) 2004-07-06 2005-06-16 Actionneur électromagnétique

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DE (1) DE102004034296B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011082114B3 (de) * 2011-09-05 2013-01-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektromagnetischer Antrieb
DE102015219176B3 (de) * 2015-10-05 2017-03-30 Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh Pneumatisches Magnetventil
CN108447647B (zh) * 2018-04-16 2023-07-11 浙江工业大学 一种基于电励磁的湿式四磁柱式电磁铁
CN111490658B (zh) * 2019-01-25 2024-06-11 浙江工业大学 双向旋转式力矩马达
CN111835175B (zh) * 2019-04-23 2024-06-11 浙江工业大学 高频直动式力马达
CN111313648B (zh) * 2020-04-26 2024-04-09 山东理工大学 一种基于簧片阀散热的电磁直线执行器

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914723A (en) * 1974-07-15 1975-10-21 Price Edison Inc Positive action magnetic latching relay
FR2401439A1 (fr) * 1977-08-23 1979-03-23 Olympus Optical Co Declencheur electromagnetique, en particulier pour la manoeuvre d'un obturateur d'appareil photographique
US4728917A (en) * 1986-01-16 1988-03-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electromagnetic relay wherein response voltage is rendered temperature independent
JPH08180785A (ja) * 1994-12-26 1996-07-12 Nippondenso Co Ltd 電磁継電器
DE19641407C1 (de) * 1996-10-08 1998-01-15 Eh Schrack Components Ag Bistabiles Elektromagnetsystem für ein Relais
DE10207828B4 (de) * 2002-02-25 2004-10-07 Technische Universität Dresden Elektromagnetischer Hubmagnet

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EP1615242A2 (fr) 2006-01-11
EP1615242A3 (fr) 2011-09-14
DE102004034296B3 (de) 2005-06-23

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