EP0329138B1 - Relais électromagnétique - Google Patents

Relais électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0329138B1
EP0329138B1 EP89102683A EP89102683A EP0329138B1 EP 0329138 B1 EP0329138 B1 EP 0329138B1 EP 89102683 A EP89102683 A EP 89102683A EP 89102683 A EP89102683 A EP 89102683A EP 0329138 B1 EP0329138 B1 EP 0329138B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
yoke
coil
limb
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89102683A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0329138A1 (fr
Inventor
Rolf-Dieter Dipl.-Phys. Kimpel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0329138A1 publication Critical patent/EP0329138A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0329138B1 publication Critical patent/EP0329138B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/60—Contact arrangements moving contact being rigidly combined with movable part of magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H01H1/5822—Flexible connections between movable contact and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/001—Means for preventing or breaking contact-welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/20—Non-polarised relays with two or more independent armatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic relay with a coil, an axially arranged core in the coil and with a first and a second, each L-shaped yoke, the first yoke being designed as an armature, the first leg of which has a working air gap with respect to a first end of the Forms core and carries a contact spring, and whose second leg runs approximately parallel to the coil axis, the second yoke with its first leg facing the second end of the core, with its second leg extending substantially parallel to the coil axis next to the coil and a bearing point forms for the free end of the second leg of the first yoke, both yokes also having an extension of their first leg beyond the respective second leg and a tension return spring acting on both extensions and extending substantially parallel to the coil axis.
  • a relay structure with some of these features, in particular with an angular yoke and a flat armature carrying a contact spring, is described, for example, in DE-A-32 32 679, but is also known in many other configurations. These relays are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, robust against external influences and therefore used in large numbers, for example in motor vehicles.
  • Known relays of this conventional design each have a plate-shaped armature, which is usually mounted on the yoke in the region of an end edge.
  • the armature is angled, but the bearing point is also usually in the case of such angled anchors in an extension of the pole face. If high direct currents are switched with such relays, there is a strong material migration and a great tendency to weld the contacts. These undesirable effects are particularly pronounced when the melt that arises in the arc of the contact can cool down at the same point on the arc if there is no relative movement at the contact points. This is often the case with relays of the type mentioned at the beginning, since the contact springs are generally connected directly to the armature.
  • Another disadvantage of the conventional arrangement is that the force exerted on the armature by the return spring, which force may also have to generate the rest contact force, counteracts the excitation force and increases during conventional armature tightening in conventional systems. Care must therefore be taken to ensure that the magnet system, ie the coil, is designed so that the force generated by the excitation system is greater than the counterforce exerted by the return spring and, if appropriate, the contact springs, at any time during the response. If the difference between the force curves of these two counteracting systems is too small, there is a risk that the relay will not pull through completely or not quickly enough under unfavorable tolerance conditions, so that unsafe contact will result.
  • a relay is known from FR-A-2 517 464, in which two angled armatures are mounted opposite one another on a plastic body surrounding the coil and actuate contact springs fastened separately with one or more actuating elements.
  • the two anchors like all conventional angle anchors, are each mounted in their bending angle there, so that each anchor executes its pivoting movement about its own axis at this bending angle. Since the contact springs are not connected to the anchors there, but are actuated by sliders, there is no relative movement at the contact points; the restoring forces exerted by the contact springs also have the conventional characteristics.
  • a significant further advantage of this construction is, however, that the return spring acting on the extension of the armature as well as on an extension of the second yoke has a falling characteristic of its effective spring force during the armature tightening movement.
  • This is explained by the fact that, due to the rotary movement of the angle armature around the distal end of the second armature leg, the point of application of the return spring moves considerably with respect to the bearing point, so that the effective lever arm for the force of the return spring when the armature suit is significantly reduced. So although the spring force of the return spring remains the same during the armature movement or even increases slightly, it works with the lever arm multiplied spring force in a lower torque, which counteracts the torque applied by the magnet system.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a relay of the type mentioned in such a way that the advantages already described with reference to US Pat. No. 4,691,181 are achieved to an increased extent, the relay being intended to have as few individual parts as possible.
  • this relay is designed in such a way that the second yoke forms a second armature, which has a working air gap with its first leg relative to the core, and that the free ends of the two yoke legs are movably supported against one another at a common bearing point.
  • the second yoke is also designed as an angular armature, which is mounted with its angled second leg together with the corresponding leg of the first armature.
  • the relay thus has two movable anchors, while a separate immovable flow return element is not required.
  • the previously described advantages for contact friction and for the improved force-displacement characteristic are also given in the two-armature relay according to the invention.
  • a two-armature relay has the known advantage that increased security against welding is given when the two contacts are connected in series.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the basic structure of a relay designed similarly to US-A-4691181.
  • This relay has a coil with a coil body 1 and a winding 2. Inside the coil, a core 3 is arranged in the axial direction, the first end 3a of which forms a working air gap with a movable yoke or armature 4, while the second end 3b with a fixed yoke 5 connected is.
  • This yoke 5 has a first leg 5a, which runs perpendicular to the coil axis, and a second leg 5b, which is bent in a direction parallel to the coil axis and extends in length approximately to the middle of the coil length.
  • the armature 4 is also angled or L-shaped, a first armature leg 4a forming the working air gap mentioned, while a second armature leg 4b runs approximately parallel to the coil axis and is supported with the free end 4c on the free end 5c of the yoke leg 5b.
  • the bearing point or pivot point is designated 6.
  • the armature 4 has an extension 4d which extends beyond the bend;
  • the yoke 5 also has an extension 5d which extends the first yoke leg 5a beyond the angle of the second yoke leg 5b.
  • a return spring 7 is suspended, which is subjected to tension and is designed, for example, as a coil spring.
  • a contact spring 8 is attached to the armature, which forms a normally closed contact and a working contact with two counter-contact elements 9 and 10, which are only indicated.
  • the system In the switching position shown in FIG. 1, the system is in the non-energized state, the contact spring 8 resting on the mating contact element 9 in the idle state and receiving a corresponding contact pressure through the return spring 7.
  • the armature 4 When the coil 2 is excited, the armature 4 is attracted. It rotates around point 6 and brings the contact spring 8 into contact with the mating contact element 10.
  • the contact spring 8 receives due to the distance a of the armature leg 4 from the pivot point 6 a remarkable movement component in its longitudinal direction, whereby a considerable friction is generated on the contact surfaces. As a result, both material migration and mechanical contact wear can be kept low.
  • the force relationships are shown in FIG. 2 as an example.
  • the path s is plotted on the abscissa, which the armature travels between a rest position R (corresponds to FIG. 1) and a working or closing position A (with the armature fully tightened).
  • the forces F are plotted on the ordinate, all forces being related to the same lever arm in order to make them comparable.
  • the curve m denotes the course of the force generated by the magnet system through the excitation coil 2. It increases as the armature approaches the core until it reaches the value F m in the closed state.
  • Curve f1 shows the course of the spring forces, i.e. the contact springs and the return spring, in a conventional relay of a comparable design.
  • the normally closed contact force F k1 must first be overcome until the contact opens. Thenceforth only the return spring 7 counteracts the pulling forces of the magnet system.
  • the force of the return spring increases with increasing armature until the contact closes at point S. At this point the spring force reaches a size F k2 . From then on, a contact force is built up in the contact spring 8 resting on the counter-contact element 10, which counteracts the magnet system in addition to the force of the return spring, which also increases.
  • the spring force In the final state of the attracted armature, the spring force reaches the value F k3 . It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the spring force curve f1 in some places comes quite close to the curve of the force of the magnet system. However, you must not cut this curve, otherwise the spring force would be greater than the force of the magnet system, so the armature could no longer be tightened.
  • Curve f2 now shows a force-displacement curve which can be achieved in the relay shown in FIG. 1 and which is considerably further away from curve m , that is to say it produces greater energy reserves of the magnet system when the magnet system remains unchanged, and thus leads to a more reliable response.
  • Curve f2 does not initially increase after opening break contact 8-9, since the effective force of the return spring drops due to the decreasing lever arm b , namely from point R to point S from force F k1 to F k4 . Only from the closing point S on does the spring force curve f2 rise again, since the desired contact force must now be built up at the normally open contact 10. However, due to the much lower starting point, it has a sufficiently large distance from the magnet system curve m , so that the desired responsiveness is guaranteed.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a relay designed according to the invention in a schematic representation.
  • Coil and armature 4 are constructed and labeled in the same way as in FIG 1. Only instead of the fixed yoke 5, a movable yoke or a second armature 15 is now provided, which forms a further working air gap with the second core end 3b.
  • the second anchor 15 is constructed correspondingly to the first anchor 4, that is to say with a first anchor leg 15a and an angled second anchor leg 15b and with an extension 15d.
  • the return spring 7 is accordingly suspended in this case between the two extensions 4d and 15d.
  • a second contact spring 18 is also attached to the armature 15, which cooperates with counter-contact elements 19 and 20.
  • FIG. 3 also has the advantage that the advantages of two anchors can be used with only one excitation system, but at the same time a fixed yoke is saved.
  • the magnet system contains a coil body 21 with a winding 22, the coil body resting on a base 23 as a supporting part.
  • the system has two anchors 24 and 25, which are each angularly shaped according to FIG 3.
  • the first armature legs 24a and 25a interact with the core (not shown) and each carry a contact spring, for example 28.
  • the second armature legs 24b and 25b extend next to the coil and form interlocking bearing elements at their free ends, for example a bearing cutting edge 24c and a bearing groove 25c.
  • both anchors with a bearing cutting edge or with bearing grooves and a corresponding one between them Intermediate element, for example in the form of a rod with a cylindrical cross section or with an X-shaped cross section, depending on the design of the anchor ends.
  • a return spring 27 is suspended between extensions 24d and 25d of the two anchors. The function of the two anchors has already been described with reference to FIG 3.
  • the relay has a base 30 and a cap 31 as a housing, with connection elements, for example in the form of flat plugs 32, being fastened in the base 30.
  • connection elements for example in the form of flat plugs 32, being fastened in the base 30.
  • These connecting elements are connected in a suitable, known manner to the corresponding parts in the relay, for example via strands 33 to the contact springs and via correspondingly bent, invisible connecting pieces to the coil connections 34.
  • Support elements 35 (only molded on the base) for the two anchors. As a result, the anchors, which are otherwise only preloaded against one another, are secured against lateral migration.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Relais électromagnétique comportant une bobine, un noyau (3) monté axialement dans la bobine (1,2), ainsi que des première et seconde culasses respectives en forme de L (4,15; 24,25), dans lequel
    la première culasse (4;24) est réalisée sous la forme d'une armature, dont la première branche (4a;24a) forme un entrefer de travail par rapport à une première extrémité (3a) du noyau (3) et porte un ressort de contact (8;28), et dont la seconde branche (4b;24b) s'étend approximativement parallèlement à l'axe de la bobine,
    la seconde culasse (15;25) est tournée, par sa première branche (15a;25a), vers la seconde extrémité (3b) du noyau (3), s'étend, par sa seconde branche (15b;25b), sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de la bobine, à côté de cette dernière et forme un point de pivotement pour l'extrémité libre de la seconde branche (4b;24b) de la première culasse (4;24),
    en outre les premières branches (4a,15a; 24a,25a) des deux culasses (4;24) possèdent des prolongements respectifs (4d,15d; 24d,25d) qui s'étendent au-delà des branches respectives (4b,15b; 24b,25b), et
    un ressort de rappel en traction (7;27) attaque les deux prolongements (4d,15d; 24d,25d) et s'étend sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de la bobine,
    caractérisé par le fait
    que la seconde culasse (15;25) forme une seconde armature, dont la première branche (15a;25a) forme un entrefer de travail avec le noyau (3) et que les extrémités libres des deux secondes branches (4b,15b; 24b,25b) de la culasse sont montées, de manière à être mobiles réciproquement, sur un point de pivotement commun (6).
  2. Relais suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les secondes branches respectives (4b,15b; 24b,25b) s'étendent respectivement à peu près jusqu'à la demi longueur de la bobine.
  3. Relais suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que les deux armatures (24,25) possèdent des éléments de support à pivotement (24c,25c) respectivement conformés, et imbriqués l'un dans l'autre.
  4. Relais suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que les deux armatures sont supportées respectivement par un élément de support intercalé commun.
  5. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que des éléments de support à pivotement ou des éléments de support (35) sont formés sur le boitier (30,31) dans la zone des extrémités d'appui des deux armatures (24,25).
  6. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que le prolongement pour l'accrochage du ressort de rappel est formé par une section du ressort de contact fixé à l'armature.
EP89102683A 1988-02-19 1989-02-16 Relais électromagnétique Expired - Lifetime EP0329138B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3805254 1988-02-19
DE3805254 1988-02-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0329138A1 EP0329138A1 (fr) 1989-08-23
EP0329138B1 true EP0329138B1 (fr) 1993-06-23

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ID=6347764

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EP89102683A Expired - Lifetime EP0329138B1 (fr) 1988-02-19 1989-02-16 Relais électromagnétique

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US (1) US4956623A (fr)
EP (1) EP0329138B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01253139A (fr)
DE (1) DE58904759D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5317294A (en) * 1991-08-16 1994-05-31 Magnetic Technology, Inc. Electromagnetic relay
US5363669A (en) * 1992-11-18 1994-11-15 Whirlpool Corporation Defrost cycle controller
US5321377A (en) * 1993-01-21 1994-06-14 Kaloust P. Sagoian Electromagnet for relays and contactor assemblies
US5872497A (en) * 1996-10-23 1999-02-16 Physio-Control Corporation High energy transfer relay
AUPR475301A0 (en) * 2001-05-04 2001-05-31 Alcatel Micro-relay for telecommunications network configuration
DE10150393A1 (de) * 2001-10-08 2003-04-17 Afl Germany Electronics Gmbh Relais
DE10162585C1 (de) * 2001-12-19 2003-04-24 Gruner Ag Prellreduziertes Relais
CN101471202B (zh) * 2008-08-06 2011-11-30 厦门宏发电声股份有限公司 一种电磁继电器的动簧衔铁部件
JP5241375B2 (ja) * 2008-08-15 2013-07-17 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 電磁継電器
CN101577194B (zh) * 2009-06-11 2011-05-11 刘世辅 节能电磁开关装置
CN103828012A (zh) * 2011-07-29 2014-05-28 Abb技术股份公司 具有可旋转衔铁的磁致动器
DE102012202084A1 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Klappankerlagerung für magnetischen Auslöser
KR101545893B1 (ko) * 2014-01-28 2015-08-20 엘에스산전 주식회사 릴레이
DE102014103247A1 (de) * 2014-03-11 2015-09-17 Tyco Electronics Austria Gmbh Elektromagnetisches Relais
JP6536472B2 (ja) * 2016-04-28 2019-07-03 株式会社デンソー ソレノイド
CH713442B1 (de) * 2017-02-08 2021-03-31 Elesta Gmbh Ostfildern De Zweigniederlassung Bad Ragaz Relais.

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4691181A (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-09-01 Niles Parts Co., Ltd. Hinge type relay

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2614926A1 (de) * 1976-04-07 1977-10-13 Hartmann & Braun Ag Elektromagnetische schalteinrichtung
DE3232679C2 (de) * 1981-09-04 1985-06-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Elektromagnetisches Schaltrelais für hohe Strombelastung
FR2517464A1 (fr) * 1981-11-27 1983-06-03 Bernier Raymond Relais electromagnetique
US4682133A (en) * 1985-08-14 1987-07-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electro-magnetic relay having two armatures
US4701734A (en) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-20 Niles Parts Co., Ltd. Hinge type relay
US4745382A (en) * 1986-05-22 1988-05-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electromagnetic relay for automatic assembly

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4691181A (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-09-01 Niles Parts Co., Ltd. Hinge type relay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58904759D1 (de) 1993-07-29
US4956623A (en) 1990-09-11
JPH01253139A (ja) 1989-10-09
EP0329138A1 (fr) 1989-08-23

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