EP1859108A2

EP1859108A2 - Frames for buildings

Info

Publication number: EP1859108A2
Application number: EP06704753A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Johann Wolf
Original assignee: Wolf Modul GmbH
Current assignee: Wolf Modul GmbH
Priority date: 2005-03-17
Filing date: 2006-03-16
Publication date: 2007-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 2026-03-16
Also published as: EP1859108B1; RU2397295C2; WO2006096899A3; CA2601590A1; WO2006096899A2; US20080148678A1; ATE519896T1; RU2007138387A; PL1859108T3

Abstract

A building has a frame which includes of several frame elements parallel to one another and located with a distance to one another. Each frame elements has two vertical supports and at least one horizontal beam. The frame elements are connected to one another to form the frame of the building by uprights which are attached outside to their vertical supports. To connect the supports, the beams and the uprights angles of steel sheet are used which in their legs have holes ( 19 ) for passage of connecting elements bent out and released from the legs of the angles, in the manner of nail plates. Connecting are located and attached between vertical supports. The girders ( 37 ) bear wall elements which adjoin stops on the vertical supports from the inside.

Description

Framework for buildings

The invention relates to a frame for a building of any kind, which frame the basic structure of the building (the building), z. B. a residential building or a hall forms.

The invention has for its object to provide a framework of the type mentioned, with the building in the desired dimensions and equipment (utility, housing, etc.) can be produced. The object of the invention is to specify a framework for buildings that meets the requirements explained above.

This object is achieved according to the invention with a frame for buildings, having the features of claim 1. In order to achieve a long durability of buildings, in particular the frames of these buildings must be firmly fixed, which means that the connections of the vertical and horizontal support elements (posts and beams) must be designed so that they the loads of the building, the frame according to the invention has, withstands. Such loads are loads acting on the inside of the building as well as external loads such as wind.

The invention is further based on the object to provide an angle made of metal, which can be advantageously used in the frame according to the invention to ensure the required load capacities of the compounds of the uprights and support of frame members of the frame according to the invention.

This object is achieved with an angle with the characteristics of the independent, angle-directed claim. Preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of ünteransprüche.

By the proposed construction of the frame according to the invention, the desired freedom of movement of the size, shape and equipment of the frame according to the invention comprising buildings and stability of the frame and the building equipped with it, no matter whether it is a residential building, a hall building or another building, with the simplest means and reliably guaranteed.

If according to an embodiment in the frame according to the invention the connection (horizontal stiffening) of the frame members to each other by between vertical uprights of the frame elements of the

Frame arranged horizontal bolt takes place, there is a greater freedom in the design of the outside of a building having the frame according to the invention. In the context of the invention, it is preferred if the bars connecting the vertical uprights of the frame elements with one another carry wall elements on their side facing the outside of the frame. Thus, not only the horizontal stiffening of the frame of the invention is achieved, but also the cladding of the frame possible.

The wall elements, which are connected in one embodiment with the horizontal latch, can be designed with windows and / or doors.

Instead of or in addition to horizontal bars which connect frame elements of the frame to one another, braces aligned between vertical uprights of the frame elements and also aligned obliquely to the vertical uprights can be arranged. It is preferred if the obliquely oriented struts are arranged in corner regions of the frame according to the invention. The braces are preferably oriented so that they are arranged between arranged in the region of corners of the frame according to the invention, vertical uprights, and are aligned obliquely upwards to the arranged in the corner, vertical uprights of the frame according to the invention. The embodiment of the frame with oblique struts between vertical uprights adjacent frame elements can also be modified so that between the uprights, approximately at half the height of the uprights, a horizontal strut (cross strut) is provided, with above and below the horizontal strut , at least one oblique bracing is provided, so that a kind of "framework" results.

The wall elements provided according to the invention are usually projected high, wherein the wall elements abut one another, in particular in the area of floor slabs, or can be designed to overlap one another and be attached to the frame.

In an exemplary embodiment, wall elements attached to the frame according to the invention, whether they are designed with doors and / or windows, serve as additional stiffening elements, which interconnect side-by-side frame elements and hold them in the desired position, so that a dimensionally stable frame for the building results.

It has proven useful in the context of the invention, when on the vertical uprights of the frame according to the invention on the outside, in particular laterally over both sides of the steerer protruding stops (Habe ben) are provided, which aligns with the outside of the frame curse ^¬ tende alignment of example Facilitate wall elements connected with horizontal bars.

The inventively provided wall elements may consist of tall Me ^¬ (sheet), plastic, wood or mineral material or combinations of these materials. In one embodiment, a wall element may be composed of a plurality of generally vertically aligned webs (strips).

The provided on the uprights of the frame according to the invention stops (hoods) can be smooth or profiled and strips of wood, metal (sheet metal), mineral material or plastic. It suffices if the stops have a strength sufficient to enable them to fulfill their function as stops for the wall elements.

The wall elements can be prepared by first the bars in a corresponding number (usually two bars) with the vertical uprights by fittings, straps, angle od. Like. Connected and then the wall elements are attached.

However, it is also considered and preferred according to the invention, when components prefabricated from a wall element and bars, first on the floor and / or an intermediate ceiling of the building, for which the frame according to the invention is determined filed (they can also in this position be prepared) and then simply folded up until they abut the stops (hoods), which are attached to the vertical uprights outside. This allows mounting of the wall elements and bars from the inside, so that mounting frames are unnecessary. It is advantageous that the wall elements are easily replaceable if they have to be renewed or changed for one reason or another. This is especially true when the wall elements are fixed with steel screws. In principle, however, an assembly of wall elements from the outside is possible by the wall elements or components of wall element and bars between the uprights and arranged on these attacks (hoods) are "threaded".

Wall elements, especially those with larger dimensions, ie wall elements for commercial buildings, can also be vertical or horizontal axes, which are defined by hinges, for example

Position between vertical uprights of frame members are pivoted. This also applies to smaller wall elements, but for which it is also considered that they are moved from the outside or (preferably) from the inside into their position of use between vertical uprights, as described above.

Outside the wall elements, which can carry outside or (preferably) inside an insulating layer, a plaster can od. Like. be attached. In this case, the plaster can be arranged between the stops formed as hoods, so that the plaster is interrupted by the stops.

Alternatively, there is the possibility that the plaster is placed between vertical uprights of the frame members, so that the plaster is interrupted by the uprights. Wall elements can also be attached to the frame according to the invention in such a way that a covering covering the entire width of the post is provided on the outside of the upright, in particular waterproof, lining - this lining is particularly advantageous if vertical uprights are used which consist of two wooden parts, which are in the longitudinal direction together, are composed. The abutting areas between adjacent outer wall elements can rest in the area of the vertical posts on the paneling of the posts. The fixing of the outer wall elements can take place directly on the uprights (from the outside), or retaining strips or bars are provided between the vertical uprights to which the outer wall elements are fastened.

In one embodiment of the invention can still be provided that frame elements are not only aligned transversely to the longitudinal extent of a building, but that (at least one) frame element is also aligned parallel to the longitudinal extent of the building.

When using frame elements according to the invention for multi-storey buildings, or when vertical posts are formed of a plurality of wooden beams (one-piece or longitudinally split and interconnected pieces of wood), it is advantageous not to sandwich the horizontal beams between the abutting ends to arrange by vertical uprights, but the horizontal support on one longitudinal side of the vertical uprights, for example in the shock area between stacks arranged one above the other, adjoining. This can be done with the help of brackets or with the help of tabs. In this embodiment, horizontal supports between vertical uprights, at which they are hinged at their ends (via brackets), are also designed to be rigid by being connected to other vertical uprights in an angle-rigid manner.

Alternatively, it is possible to rigidly fasten horizontal supports to vertical uprights via tabs, so that an additional clamping of horizontal supports takes place.

These tabs or brackets can be arranged adjacent to opposite outer sides of the uprights and beams and connected to uprights and beams, or there are tabs or brackets in (slot or slot-shaped) recesses inserted into ends of uprights and straps.

Due to the fact that horizontal beams (ceiling beams) are not arranged between sections of vertical uprights standing, there is a better load capacity, as wooden posts are charged on the front side, have a higher load-bearing, as uprights between those wood support with horizontal orientation the wood fiber are arranged and are loaded transversely to the wood fiber.

The vertical uprights of a frame forming frame elements according to the invention can also be connected to each other in a stable position by stiffening fields used between the vertical uprights. Such stiffening fields are, for example, rigid wooden frame, which are arranged between the vertical uprights, and having, for example, oblique struts. It can be provided per stiffening field a diagonal strut or there are two oblique struts and between a horizontal cross member ("framework") provided.

In the context of the invention, an embodiment is considered, in the stiffening fields and / or Schrägverstrebungen, regardless of whether they are arranged in Aussteifungsfeldern or directly between vertical uprights of frame members, with the aid of detachable wedges, steel screws, od. Like. are fixed. This allows, if necessary (eg in a repair), in the case of additional installations, and the like. Stiffening panels or diagonal struts, temporarily remove or replace. Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention

Hand of the illustrative drawings.

1 shows schematically a frame for a building, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment for the connection of vertical uprights and horizontal beams by means of metal angles, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a connection of vertical uprights and horizontal beams by means of metal angles, FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the connection of a carrier of a false ceiling with a bolt connecting frame members of frame elements, FIG. 5 shows three different embodiments of metal angles that can be used within the scope of the invention (shown in abutment with each other), FIG. 6 shows a detail of a frame according to the invention in view, FIG. 7 shows a section along the line VII-VII in FIG. 6, FIGS. 8 to 11 schematically show further embodiments for the connection between vertical uprights and horizontal supports, FIGS. 12 and 13 show two possible embodiments of horizontal supports made of metal (steel) , Fig. 14 is an oblique brace for stiffening between FIG. 16 shows the connection of a horizontal beam to a vertical upright of frame elements, FIG. 17 shows another embodiment of the connection of horizontal beams to vertical uprights and FIG. 18 shows a horizontal section of the arrangement of outer wall elements on a vertical upright, FIG. 19 shows a vertical upright made of metal, FIG. 20 shows a view similar to FIG. 7 shows an embodiment with a foldable wall element and FIG. 21 shows the embodiment of FIG in side view.

A shown in Fig. 1 frame 1 for a two-story (residential) building consists of a plurality of vertical uprights 3 and connected thereto, arranged in the example in two superimposed planes, horizontal beams 5 and 7. The thus formed frame elements 9 of two vertical uprights 3 and at least one, in particular at the upper end of the uprights 3 arranged horizontal support 5 - in the embodiment with two horizontal beams 5 and 7 - are placed parallel to each other and on the ground with the help of ground anchors or with the help of designed bars and steel angles attached. Any other attachment of the frame members 9 on the ground or on foundations is also considered for the frame 1 according to the invention. To the spaced apart frame elements 9 to connect with each other to a spatial framework 1, the

Frame elements 9 on the two longitudinal sides (the parallel to the image plane of Fig. 1 extending sides of the frame 1) with horizontally extending bars (bolt), in the exemplary embodiment post 11, screwed. Preferably, these posts 11 consist of at least two longitudinally adjacent and mutually connected by means of nail plates 13 posts 15 which are connected in the area of each floor at the top and bottom of stacked uprights 3 by means of metal angles 17 with the frame members 9 , A connection between posts (bars) 11 and a frame element 9 is shown by way of example in FIG. 4.

The connection of the upper horizontal support 5 with vertical uprights 3, for example, by means of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 and arrangement of metal angles 17 (angle 17 made of sheet metal, especially steel sheet). In this connection, the outer edges 24 of the vertical legs 23 of the metal angle 17 are flush with the end faces of the carrier 5.

The attachment of the central horizontal Trager 7 (upper ceiling of the lower floor or floor of the upper floor) to the vertical uprights 3, for example, by means of metal angles 17, which are arranged as shown in Fig. 2 (see also Fig. 4). In this connection, the outer edges 24 of the vertical legs 23 of the metal bracket 17 by the strength of the uprights 3 on the front surfaces of the carrier 7 before. At the transversely to the image plane of Fig. 1 extending narrow sides of the frame 1 shown in Fig. 1 for a (residential) building 9 intermediate members 6 are provided between the outer uprights 3 of the end frame members. These intermediate posts 6 are connected to the horizontal supports 5, 7 of the end frame members 9, preferably by means of metal angles 17. The fields lying on the narrow sides of the frame 1 according to the invention between intermediates 6, uprights 3 and horizontal supports 5, 7 can be separated by posts (latches) 11, e.g. the embodiments of posts 11 shown in Fig. 4, partially or completely closed. It is also possible, the frame elements 9, which are arranged at the end of the frame 1, with panels to connect (screw) when a blind page is provided.

As an alternative or in addition to the described bracings between vertical uprights 3 of frame elements 9, in the frame 1 according to the invention, in particular in the corner area, also struts 70 may be provided, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. 14 shows an embodiment with an obliquely from bottom to top extending strut 70, wherein the strut 70 is preferably arranged so that it extends obliquely upward to a arranged in the corner of a frame 1 according to the invention vertical upright 3 and arranged angle stiff is.

Alternatively, one embodiment may be selected in the manner of a truss (FIG. 15) in which at least two obliquely extending struts 70 are provided, which are arranged above and below a horizontal transverse strut 72 between vertical uprights 3 of frame elements 9.

The embodiments of struts 70 described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15 can also be used analogously for stiffening elements inserted between vertical uprights 3 of frame elements 9, which have a substantially rectangular frame and at least one obliquely extending strut 70 therebetween.

Both inclined struts 70 according to FIGS. 14 and 15 and stiffening elements which are inserted between vertical uprights 3 can be detachably fixed by means of wedges 74 (FIG. 15) or other releasable fastening means (setscrews), so that they can be used as required can be removed.

Such inclined struts 70, which are used directly between vertical uprights 3, or are provided in separate Aussteifungsfeldern are used in particular in the corner of frame 1 according to the invention, these stiffening fields can be configured as grids, which are usually without doors and / or Have windows.

The connection shown in Fig. 16 of a horizontal beam 5 to vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9 with the help of tabs 76 allows the vertical uprights 3, especially at higher frame 1, the front side without interposition of crossbars abut each other, so that the capacity is not is impaired (end-loaded wood has a high load capacity, unlike wood transversely loaded to the grain direction). As shown in FIG. 6, the tabs 76 can be arranged on both outer sides of both the vertical post 3 and the horizontal carrier 5.

Alternatively, there is the possibility of the horizontal support 3 on the tabs 76, which then act as brackets to pivotally attach a horizontal axis. Alternatively, the tabs 76, which fasten a horizontal support 5 in the abutting area between two end-to-end sections of vertical uprights 3 on the vertical upright 3, can be arranged inside the horizontal support 5 and the vertical upright 3 (in slot-shaped or slot-shaped recesses) , This embodiment will be chosen in particular if the horizontal support 5 and / or the vertical upright 3 consists of at least two long-side contiguous and interconnected wooden parts. At the tabs 76 projections 78 may be integrally formed integrally formed on their vertically aligned legs. These protrusions 78 protrude from the uprights 3 on the opposite side of the horizontal support 5, and serve as a support for horizontal posts (latch) 11. Such relative to the frame elements 9 outwardly facing projections are particularly advantageous when on horizontal posts or Latches 11 outer wall cladding elements are attached, since the projections 78 ablate the vertical forces in the inventive frame 1.

The projections 78 may also 17 independent parts of tabs 76 or 60 or metal angles, which are separately attached to vertical uprights 3 of inventive frame members 9 where they are needed.

The legs of the tabs 76 may have holes 19 and / or bent-out nail 21, as explained in connection with the metal angles 17 (FIG. 5).

In general, the horizontal posts 11, which frame elements 9 connect to each other to the frame 1, be wooden posts, as described for example with reference to FIG. 4. This is not mandatory. The horizontal latches 11 can also be metal profiled strips, which is advantageous in particular for latches 11 provided at lower ends of the vertical uprights 3 of the frame elements 9, since they can be made narrower than wooden latches, so that not so much structural height is lost there.

8 shows that the connection between two vertical uprights 3 and a horizontal support 5 or 7 of the frame elements 9 and / or frame members 9 with the frame elements 9 interconnecting posts (bars) 11 is carried out by tabs 60 which both in the horizontal support 5 and vertical uprights 3 - in each case in the end region (in there provided slot or slit-shaped recesses) - intervene. These tabs 60 consist for example of metal and are connected to the uprights 3 and the horizontal beams 5 at the ends, for example by screws or bolts.

If the uprights 3 and / or the supports 5 are made of wood, it is preferred if the uprights 3 and / or the supports 5 are composed of at least two interconnected wooden parts. In the joint between the two wooden parts, which form interconnected carrier 5 or upright 3, tabs 60 can be arranged and fixed there. Optionally, the means (screws, bolts and the like) which connect the wood parts to each other to uprights 3 and / or supports 5 or 7 also serve to fix the tabs 60 (or tabs 76) in the upright 3 and in the support 5, respectively , When the horizontal beams 5 are formed of steel I-beams 61 (Figure 12), the tabs 60 may be flush with and connected to the web 62 of the I-beams 61, e.g. welded or bolted or riveted. In this case, the tab 60 forms as it were an extension of the web 62 of the I-beam 61. If vertical uprights 3 consist of I-profile steel 61 tabs 60 may be connected to the web 62 in alignment with a leg projecting from the center thereof, such as which is shown in Fig. 19. Also on both sides of the uprights 3 protruding tabs 60 are possible in uprights 3 I-profile steel 61.

If the horizontal beams 5 are composed of two back-to-back U-profiles 63 (C-profiles) made of steel, as indicated in FIG. 13, the tabs 60 can be arranged between the webs 64 of the U-profiles 63 arranged and fixed there by means as indicated above for the embodiment of Fig. 12.

The inventive arrangement of tabs 60, which are received in the ends of horizontal beams 5, also allows nodes to be formed, as indicated in FIGS. 9 to 11 and FIG. 17. Fig. 9 shows a corner node, Fig. 10 a T-node and Fig. 11 a cross node, as he will be found, for example, inside buildings. In Fig. 17 is shown in more detail how a connection between the uprights 3 and horizontal beam 5 or 7, or as a node, as shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 may be formed when both the uprights 3 and the carrier. 5 made of wood. The tab 60, which connects the horizontal support 5 with the vertical upright 3, is in corresponding slit or slot-shaped Recesses, preferably in the longitudinal center of the vertical post

3 and the horizontal support 5 is arranged. This embodiment is preferred if at least one of the horizontal beams 5, 7 or vertical uprights 3 consists of two longitudinally juxtaposed wooden parts which are connected to one another.

If one of vertical upright 3 or horizontal support 5 or 7 is made of wood and the other part of a frame element 9 is made of metal (steel), consideration is given to angle 17, tabs 60 or tabs 76 only within one part (upright or upright). ger) made of wood.

The inventively with the help of metal angles 17 or tabs 60, 76 interconnected (screwed) uprights 3, beams 5 and 7 and intermediate posts 6 and posts (latch) 11 give the frame 1 of a building on all sides high stability. The described embodiment of the frame 1 according to the invention further provides the advantage that in the remaining between the uprights 3 and the post 11 open spaces (fields) windows and / or doors can be arranged largely freely chosen.

At most, provided on the post 11 fittings allow the panel of the frame 1 prefabricated exterior wall or facade elements to use, the nature and design of such outer wall or facade elements and the material chosen for this material is largely freely selectable.

For frame 1 for (residential) buildings with load-bearing central longitudinal wall, it is possible to expand this as a stabilizing factor for the frame 1 according to the invention. To this end, the uprights 3 at the top are provided on either side with metal angles 17 or tabs 60 (Figures 8 to 11) to which cross-over posts (e.g., horizontal beams 5 or 7) are bolted. These posts serve as a support for ceiling joists, which may optionally be screwed with metal brackets 17 to the posts, the outer ends, for example by means of metal angles, are fixed to the outer walls.

This reinforced in the manner described middle longitudinal wall allows to carry out the outer walls in lightweight construction, in particular, on a good insulation, especially heat insulation, consideration can be taken.

The uprights 3, intermediate posts 6, posts 11 and beams 5, 7 used for the frame 1 according to the invention may be made of wood or steel profiles, with combinations of uprights 3, intermediate 6 supports 5, 7 and posts 11 made of different materials (wood and steel) are possible. Also steel profiles or elements of the frame 1 according to the invention of different materials can be connected by means of (perforated) metal angle 17 or La see 60, 76 with each other.

In Fig. 5 are - adjacent to each other - three different embodiments for usable in the frame 1 of the invention metal angle 17 is shown. These angles 17 are made of sheet metal, preferably sheet steel, and are rounded in the corner 18 outside and inside, as shown in Fig. 5. These roundings favored the flow of force in the material. To produce the metal angle 17 according to the invention, these can, as indicated in FIG. 5, be punched to save material from a correspondingly wide metal band, in particular sheet steel strip. When punching the metal angle 17, in particular steel angle, holes 21 for the penetration of fasteners, such as screws or nails 23 (similar nail plates) or combinations of holes and punched and bent nails (similar nail plates) can be provided depending on the embodiment. Thus, Fig. 5 below shows a metal angle 17, which has exclusively punched and bent out of the plane of the angle 17, for example, 90 ^° nails 21 in two legs 23, so that this embodiment of the metal angle 17 can be used in the manner of a nail plate. Fig. 5 shows in the middle an embodiment of a metal angle 17, in which only holes 19 are provided for the passage of fasteners. The holes 19 are provided in both legs 23 of the metal angle 17.

The third, shown in Fig. 5 above, a metal angle 17 has in both legs 23 both punched and bent out of the plane of the angle nails 21 as well

Holes 19 for the penetration of fasteners, wherein the

Embodiment selected so that the punched nails 21st

(similar nail plates) in the outer ends of the legs 23 of the metal bracket 17 and the holes 19 for the passage of fastening screws od. Like. Fastening means in the vicinity of the corner 18 of the metal angle 17 are provided.

It is also contemplated within the scope of the invention that for the connection of the components of the frame 1 and its frame elements 9, two metal angles 17 arranged next to one another are used become. In this case, metal angles 17 can be used

Legs 23 are connected to legs 23 adjacent to each other. In particular, the angles 17 together form an angle of 90 '. Such interconnected (welded) metal angles 17 together form a planar "T" (similar to the tabs 76 of FIG. 16) or a "T" which is angled in the region of the central "T" leg.

The embodiment of the metal angles 17, which have both holes 19 for the passage of fasteners as well as punched and bent-out nails 21, are particularly advantageous because these metal angle 17 facilitate assembly, since they set with hammer blows the parts to be joined together, whereupon final connection can then be made without additional aids which hold the parts together by setting fastening elements, such as screws, bolts or nails.

The frame 1 according to the invention for a building (residential building) can be used, for example, for the construction of halls. The time and effort-saving design of the frame 1 according to the invention is particularly effective in hall construction, since facades are often expanded without windows, especially in hall buildings light incidence often occurs through light openings (skylights or the like) in the roof area.

The above-described embodiment of the metal angle 17, in particular steel angle, for the rectangular connection of the components of the frame 1 according to the invention are independent of the actual frame construction and its structure of inventive importance. Particular consideration is given to metal angle 17, in which combinations of holes 19 and punched nails 21 (similar to those of nail plates) are provided. Of importance for the stability of the frame 1 according to the invention, in one embodiment, the metal angles 17 are arranged in the frame 1 with different orientations. Thus, the metal angles 17 connecting the vertical uprights 3 to the horizontal beams 5, 7 are aligned in one plane whereas the metal angles 17 defining the posts 11 on the outside of the vertical uprights 3 are perpendicular to the aforesaid planes Layers arranged. This leads to an all-round rigidity of the frame 1 forming a structural body according to the invention. Although in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG upper horizontal support 5 of each frame element 9 as straight

Carrier 5 are formed, in the context of the invention is also considered an embodiment in which the horizontal support 5 of each frame element 9 or at least individual frame elements 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention are adapted to the roof shape of a building to be produced using the frame 1 according to the invention building , Thus, for buildings with a pent roof, the upper beams 5 of all or individual frame elements 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention can be inclined to the horizontal at the angle of the pent roof. In this case, the metal angle 17, which connect the carrier 5 with the vertical uprights 3, not formed with perpendicular legs, but the legs of the metal angle 17 are at an angle to each other, which corresponds to the inclination of the carrier 5 of the frame members 9. The same applies to other roof forms, such as a pitched roof a hipped roof, a mansard roof u.a.

In Fig. 6 and 7 of the frame 1 according to the invention only two uprights 3 of frame members 9 and two horizontal support 7 are shown. In Fig. 6 it is shown that in particular at higher frame elements 9, the uprights 3 may consist of two uprights 3, which are arranged without interposing, for example, horizontal beams 7 and indirectly to each other (shock 47). So there is a higher load-bearing capacity and load capacity. In the frame 1 according to the invention but also horizontal support 5, 7 may be provided, which are arranged engaging between the ends of stacked vertical uprights 3.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, it is shown that in the area of the height of the horizontal beams 7 there is provided an intermediate ceiling 30 consisting of the corresponding number of horizontal beams 31 and a ceiling floor 33, which in the embodiment shown consists of several tracks (wooden boards) is.

Between adjacent uprights 3 of adjacent frame members 9, two bars 37, which are aligned horizontally, are fixed in the illustrated embodiment. In the exemplary embodiment, the latches 37 are fastened to the vertical uprights 3 with the aid of metal angles 43, 44 and fastening screws.

The bars 37 carry a wall element 39, which is composed in the embodiment shown of several vertical webs. These tracks can be plastic tracks, metal sheets or wooden boards. Likewise in FIG. 7 it is shown that on the inner side te of the wall element 39 an insulation 41 may be provided.

In a preferred embodiment, the bars 37 are connected to a wall element 39 to form a unit before they are placed between vertical uprights 3 and fastened there. This is a simplified operation, since it is sufficient, for example, to connect a wall element 39 with two bars 37 to form a unit. lying on the ceiling 30 or a floor and then just folded up. In order to facilitate the alignment of the wall element 39 with the bars 37 with respect to the uprights 3, 3 stops 50 ("hoods") are provided on the outer side of the vertical uprights. The stops 50 extend at least over part of the height of the vertical uprights 3 and in the embodiment shown are on both sides over the vertical uprights 3. With the sections protruding laterally beyond the uprights 3, the abutment 50 ensures the exact alignment of wall elements 39 without the need for special attention. It is simply sufficient to move the wall element 39, if necessary, with the bars 37 fastened to it, until it rests against the stops 50. Then, the latch 37 are attached in any manner, in particular with the angles 43, 44, and / or with screws on the vertical uprights 3 of the frame members 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention. On the inside of the wall elements 39, an insulation 41 may be attached. This insulation 41 (see FIG. 7) can be arranged between the bars 37 and / or on the side of the bars 37 facing the interior of the building. The insulation 41 may be applied during assembly of the unit of wall element 41 and latches 37 or after installation of the unit between uprights 3 of the frame 1.

If desired, a layer of plaster 45 can be applied to the wall elements 39 on the outside, the plaster 45 extending between the stops 50 or alternatively between uprights 3, ie being interrupted by the stops 50 or the uprights 3.

In the case of stators 3 arranged one above the other, it is preferred that their impact 47 be in the region of the horizontal supports 7.

In this case, the connection of horizontal beams 5, 7 may preferably be formed as has been explained with reference to FIG. 16.

In a modified embodiment with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7, a wall element 39 can be constructed as follows with reference to FIG Figs. 20 and 21 described between vertical uprights 3 in

Position are brought.

The dimensionally stable in itself and finished wall element 39 via hinges 90 to either horizontal components (eg, an intermediate ceiling) between vertical supports 3, or also by means of hinges 90 to a vertical upright 3 itself hinged so that it accurately positioned entwe between vertical uprights 3 ^'of the about a horizontal (arranged at the lower end of the wall member 39) axis (as in Fig. 20 and 21) or about a vertical axis which is in the region of one of the two uprights 3 between which a wall element 39 is to be placed in position, is arranged can be pivoted in its position of use. This operation has the advantage that an accurate positioning of the wall member 39 is easily possible and the wall member 39, if desired, can be opened again. This embodiment also makes it possible to make the stops 50 (hoods), which are attached to the vertical uprights 3, narrower, so that they protrude only slightly over the uprights 3.

The final fixing of the wall element 39 can take place in any desired manner, for example with separate attachment means or else with the aid of wedges which are hammered or pressed into the butt joints between vertical uprights 3 and wall element 39.

If the stops 50 are formed narrower on the outside of the vertical uprights 3, a joint seal 91, for example, from the inside, can be mounted in the joint area between the wall element 39 and the stops 50.

The hinges (hinges) 90 may be attached, for example, to a false ceiling 30 or a ceiling support beam. In any case, when attaching the hinges 90, it is recommended that the one part of the hinges, which may be formed as trunnion hinges, for example the "female" parts, be attached to a horizontal member, e.g. attached to the false ceiling 30, and then push the wall member 39 with other hinge parts attached thereto, for example, the hinge pin ("male" parts) in the mounted on the horizontal component parts of the hinges.

If the stops 50 protrude only slightly beyond the vertical posts 3, sealing strips between the stops 50 and the vertical edges of the wall elements 39 can be fastened to the stops 50 from the inside. For the attachment of wall elements 39 serving as cladding of the frame 1 according to the invention, for example wall elements 39 whose structure is shown by way of example in FIGS. 6, 7, 20, 21, between vertical uprights 3 of frame elements 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention There are different possibilities. Relative to the lining of the frame 1 with wall elements are the particular

Wall cladding (in particular smaller, lighter wall cladding, for example for residential buildings) mounted externally, resting on a longitudinal bar;

Wall coverings (in particular smaller, lighter wall coverings, for example for residential buildings) mounted from inside, with abutment against stops 50 (hoods) on the vertical uprights 3; - wall cladding (especially larger / heavier wall cladding fertilizer for commercial buildings) mounted from the inside, with hinged mounting; with a. Hinge on bottom tie, b. Hinge on a vertical upright or c. without hinge, hinged only during assembly - the joint cover can be made as desired.

For small and light wall elements 39, as used in housing, usually simple threading and hooking by hand is sufficient. It is only important that wall elements can also be mounted from the inside - for example, such that threading the element fits, then hung the crossbar and the wall element attached to the wall bolt.

In Fig. 18 a variant of the attachment of wall elements 39 on the outside of the frame 1 according to the invention forming frame elements 9 is shown. Specifically, on a post 3, which is composed of two longitudinally juxtaposed wood parts 4, which are connected to each other in a manner not shown, outside a waterproof liner 80 is attached. On this intermediate layer 80 resting, wall elements 39 are arranged, which abut each other in the region of the vertical post 3, so that their joint 81 is arranged in the region of the vertical post 3. The wall elements 39 can be fastened by fastening elements 82 which engage in the upright 3. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to attach wall elements 39 to strips 3 or ties 11 fastened between uprights 3, for which purpose the wall elements 39, for example, with a pocket over the strip 83 or the latch 11 are mounted.

Regardless of how wall elements 39 are fixed, they may be arranged overlapping or side by side, wherein (see Fig. 18) in the joint area a cover profile strip 84 may be attached.

The construction according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture the uprights 3 of metal (steel) or wood and also to manufacture the supports 5 of metal (steel) or wood. Thus, various combinations between the materials of metal and wood are possible, with pillars 3 made of metal with beams 5 made of wood, pillars 3 made of wood with beams 5 made of metal, and pillars 3 made of metal with beams 5 made of metal and pillars 3 made of wood with beams 5 can be combined from wood.

On horizontal supports 5 can be mounted in all embodiments of the invention further fittings for partitions or other horizontal support 5 so that in a frame 1 of a building, which is formed from frame elements 9 of the invention, at any point further separating elements (partitions and the like), as well Supporting elements (further uprights and / or support) can be arranged.

In summary, an embodiment may be illustrated as follows.

A building, such as a residential building or a hall, has a frame 1, which consists of several mutually parallel and spaced-apart frame elements 9. The cream elements 9 consist of two vertical uprights 3 and at least one horizontal support 5 and 7. The frame members 9 are connected by posts 11 which are attached to their vertical uprights 3 outside, together to the frame 1 of the building. To connect the uprights 3, the support 5 and 7 and the post 11 angle 17 made of sheet steel used in their legs 23 holes 19 for the penetration of connecting means (screws) and / or from the legs 23 of the angle 17 released and bent out Have nails 21, in the manner of nail plates. In a frame 1 of frame members 9 with vertical uprights 3 and horizontal beams 7 bars 37 are provided for connecting the frame members 9 and the longitudinal stiffening of the frame 1, which are arranged and fixed between vertical uprights 3. The bars 37 carry wall elements 39, which abut against stops 50 on the vertical uprights 3 from the inside. It is preferred if the Wall elements 39 and the latch 37 are prefabricated units which are placed between vertical uprights 3, fitting against the stops 50 and then the latch 37 are attached to the vertical uprights 3.

Claims

Claims :

1. frame for building consisting of vertical uprights (3) and horizontal beams (5, 7), characterized in that at least two frame members (9) are provided, each consisting of at least two vertical uprights (3) and at least one, with these connected horizontal support (5, 7) consist, and that the frame members (9) are arranged at a distance from each other and connected to each other.

2. Frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame elements (9) are attached to each other by means of the vertical uprights (3), horizontally oriented bars (11).

3. Frame according to claim 2, characterized in that the horizontally oriented bars are wooden posts (11) or metal strips.

4. Frame according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rods (11), in particular the wooden posts consist of two interconnected bars (15), in particular, single wood posts.

5. Frame according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the lowermost, frame members (9) interconnecting, horizontally aligned rod (11) is a metal profile strip.

6. Frame according to claim 5, characterized in that the metal profile strip (11) is narrower, as a rod (11) in the form of a wooden post.

7. Frame according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized marked, that the frame elements (9) interconnecting rods

(11) are arranged at least in the region of the lower ends of vertical uprights (3) and in the region of the upper ends of vertical uprights (3).

8. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized marked, that in a frame (1) for multi-storey building each

Frame member (9) has at least two spaced apart, horizontal support (5, 7).

9. Frame according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the frame elements (9) interconnecting rods (11) in the region of the height of horizontal support (5, 7) are provided.

10. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the vertical uprights (3) consist of wood.

11. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the vertical uprights (3) consist of steel profiles.

12. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized net, that the horizontal beams (5, 7) are made of wood.

13. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the horizontal beams (5, 7) are steel profiles.

14. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized marked, that the horizontal support (5, 7) with the vertical uprights (3) by means of the joint area between said components bridging metal angles (17) or tabs (76) are.

15. A frame according to claim 14, characterized in that the metal angle (17) or tabs (76) on both sides of the interconnected vertical uprights (3) and horizontal beams (5, 7) are arranged adjacent.

16. Frame according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that metal angles (17) are arranged on upper horizontal supports (3) in the region of the ends of the horizontal supports (3).

17. Frame according to claim 16, characterized in that the end faces of the horizontal support (3) with the outer edges (24) of the vertical legs (23) of the metal angle (17) are substantially flush (Fig. 3).

18. Frame according to claim 16, characterized in that the metal angle (17) on horizontal supports (7) which are arranged between the lower end and the upper end of a frame element (9), over the end faces of the carrier (7), projecting are arranged (Fig. 2).

19. Frame according to claim 18, characterized in that the outer edges (24) of the vertical legs (23) of the metal angle (17) project beyond the end faces of the carrier (7).

20. Frame according to claim 2 to 19, characterized in that for fixing vertical uprights (3) interconnected rods (11) on vertical uprights (3) of frame members (9) metal angle (17) are provided, of which a leg ( 23) on the vertical post (3) and the other leg (23) on the rod (11) is arranged.

21. Frame according to one of claims 4 to 20, characterized in that at several posts (15) composite rods

(11) the horizontal leg (23) of the metal angle (17) is arranged bridging the longitudinal joint between the posts (15).

22. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the upper carrier (5) of frame elements (9) have a course and / or an orientation corresponding to the shape of the roof of a building using the frame (1) ent - speaks.

23. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the vertical uprights (3) made of metal and the horizontal support (5) consist of wood.

24. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized marked, that adjacent, vertical uprights (3) by between the

Stehern (3) arranged, horizontal latch (37) are interconnected.

25. A frame according to claim 24, characterized in that the horizontal bar (37) with the vertical uprights (3) by means of angle (43, 44) od with screws for Anspreizung. The like. are connected.

26. Frame according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the horizontal bar (37) on its outer side of the frame (1) side facing a wall element (39) wear.

27. Frame according to claim 26, characterized in that wall elements (39) are provided which have window and / or door openings.

28. Frame according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the wall element (39) with at least two bars (37) is connected to a unit.

29. Frame according to one of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that on the vertical uprights (3) of the frame members (9) are provided on the outside stops (50) for wall elements (39).

30. Frame according to claim 29, characterized in that the stops (50) on the vertical uprights (3) of the frame members (9) protrude on both sides.

31. Frame according to one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that the wall elements (39) on its outer side wear a plaster layer (45).

32. Frame according to one of claims 26 to 31, characterized in that the wall elements (39) made of wood, metal, plastic or mineral material.

33. Frame according to one of claims 26 to 32, characterized in that the wall elements (39) are composed of a plurality of webs or strips.

34. Frame according to one of claims 29 to 33, characterized in that the stops (50) made of wood, metal, plastic or mineral material.

35. Frame according to one of claims 26 to 34, characterized in that wall elements (39) are designed bullet high.

36. Frame according to one of claims 24 to 35, characterized shows that at least two horizontal bars (37) are provided between adjacent uprights (3) of the frame elements (9) for each floor of the frame (1) according to the invention.

37. Frame according to one of claims 26 to 36, characterized in that stacked wall elements (39) abut each other butt.

38. Frame according to one of claims 26 to 37, characterized in that stacked wall elements (39) overlap each other.

39. Frame according to claim 38, characterized in that the upper wall element (39) overlaps the lower wall element (39) after overlapping.

40. Frame according to one of claims 24 to 39, characterized in that the uprights (3) of frame members (9) are divided and in the region of the joint (47) stand up directly on each other.

41. Frame according to one of claims 24 to 40, characterized in that on the side facing the building of the bolt (37) is provided an insulation (41).

42. Frame according to one of claims 26 to 40, characterized in that on the building side facing the wall elements

(39) an insulation (41) is provided.

43. Frame according to one of claims 24 to 42, characterized in that bolt (37) made of wood or metal.

44. Frame according to one of claims 24 to 43, characterized in that bars (37) of metal carry at their ends top plates which are connected to vertical uprights (3) of the frame members (9).

45. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 44, characterized in that vertical uprights (3) with horizontal supports (5, 7) with each other by in the ends of the uprights (3) / support (5, 7) engaging tabs (60, 76) are connected.

46. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 45, characterized in that frame elements (9) interconnecting rods (11) with vertical uprights (3) by in the ends of the rods (11) engaging the tabs (60) are connected.

47. Frame according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that tabs (60, 76) between interconnected wooden parts, the carrier (5, 7), uprights (3) and / or support carrier (11) engage.

48. Frame according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that tabs (60) on the web (62) of the carrier (5, 7, 11) forming I-profiles are attached from metal.

49. Frame according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that tabs (60) between webs (64) of back to back abutting interconnected C-profiles (63) made of metal, the carrier (5, 7, 11) form, are attached.

50. Frame according to one of claims 45 to 49, characterized in that on the uprights (3) at least two tabs (60) are provided which enclose an angle, in particular an angle of 90 'with each other.

51. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 50, characterized in that on horizontal uprights (3) at least two pointing in different directions, horizontal support (5) are connected.

52. Frame according to claim 51, characterized in that for securing horizontal supports (5, 7) to vertical uprights (3) in recesses in the ends of the at least one horizontal support (5) and the vertical upright (3) slit provided - Or gap-shaped recesses engaging tabs (60, 76) are provided.

53. Frame according to claim 52, characterized in that the tabs (60) are rectangular.

54. Frame according to claim 53, characterized in that the tabs (76) are T-shaped.

55. Frame according to one of claims 51 to 54, characterized in that connected to the horizontal parts of the tabs (76) horizontal carrier (5) are pivotable about a horizontal axis.

56. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 55, characterized in that on vertical uprights (3) projecting outward projections (78) for the support of horizontal posts (11) are provided.

57. Frame according to claim 56, characterized in that the projections (78) with lugs (76) are integrally formed.

58. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 57, characterized in that between vertical uprights (3) of frame elements (9) each have at least one obliquely oriented strut (70) is provided.

59. Frame according to claim 58, characterized in that the strut between a in the corner region of the frame (1) arranged post (3) of a frame element (9) and the next inner post (3) of an adjacent frame element (9) is provided.

60. Frame according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that the struts (70) to the corner of the frame (1) are aligned obliquely upward.

61. Frame according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that two struts (70) are provided, which extend between a, approximately in the middle of the height vertical upright (3) provided transverse strut (72).

62. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 61, characterized marked that outer wall elements (39) with the interposition of a support

(80) are fastened to vertical uprights (3) of frame elements (9).

63. Frame according to claim 62, characterized in that the butt joint (81) between adjacent outer wall elements (39) by a cover strip (84) is covered.

64. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 63, characterized in that wall elements (39) between uprights (3) at between stands

(3) fastened strips (83) attached, in particular hung, are.

65. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 64, characterized in that stiffeners (3) of adjacent frame elements (9) are provided between stiffeners (3).

66. Frame according to claim 65, characterized in that the stiffening panels have a rectangular frame.

67. Frame according to one of claims 65 to 66, characterized in that in the stiffening elements at least one obliquely (diagonally) extending strut (70) is provided.

68. Frame according to one of claims 58 to 67, characterized in that oblique struts (70) by wedges (74) between vertical uprights (3) of adjacent frame members (9) are fixed.

69. Frame according to claim 65, characterized in that stiffening fields between vertical uprights (3) of adjacent frame members (9) by wedges (74) or screws are releasably fixed.

70. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 69, characterized in that between vertical uprights (3) to be introduced wall elements

(39) are provided which can be pivoted into their position of use located between vertical uprights (3).

71. Frame according to claim 70, characterized in that the Wall elements (39) can be pivoted about a horizontal axis.

72. Frame according to claim 70, characterized in that the wall elements (39) can be pivoted about a vertical axis.

73. Frame according to one of claims 70 to 72, characterized in that the wall elements (39) about hinges (90) are pivotable.

74. frame, ^'according to one of claims 70 to 73, that the covers (50) perpendicular to the outside of uprights (3) do not protrude over the uprights (3).

75. Frame according to one of claims 70 to 73, characterized in that on the covers (50) from the inside strips for sealing the joints between the cover (50) and the wall element (39) are mounted.

76. Frame according to one of claims 70 to 75, characterized in that the wall element (39) after pivoting into its

Use position by fastening means, such as hammered or depressed wedges, is fixed in position.

77. Metal bracket (17) for use with a frame (1) for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 76, characterized by two angular legs (23) in which through holes (19) for fastening means such as screws, bolts , Nails od. Like. , and / or embossed nails (21) are provided in the manner of nail plates.

78. An angle according to claim 77, characterized in that the metal angle (17) in the corner region (18) between the legs (23) are rounded.

79. An angle according to claim 78, characterized in that the metal angles (17) in the corner region (18) are rounded inside and outside.

80. An angle according to one of claims 77 to 79, characterized in that embossed nails (21) in the end regions of the legs (23) and through holes (19) for fastening means in the region of the corner (18) of the metal angle (17) are provided.

81. An angle according to any one of claims 77 to 80, characterized in that two metal angles (17) connected to each other, in particular welded, are.

82. An angle according to claim 81, characterized in that two metal angles (17) are connected together to form a T-like metal angle, wherein a leg (23) of a metal angle (17) with its outer edge with the outer edge of a leg (23) of the other - metal angle (17) is connected, and the other two legs (23) in opposite directions from the interconnected legs (23) protrude.

83. An angle according to claim 82, characterized in that the metal angles (17) lie in one plane.

84. An angle according to claim 83, characterized in that the metal angles (17) lie in two mutually at an angle, in particular at an angle of 90 ^° , planes.