DE2900477A1 - Simple prefabricated unit assembled building - has cruciform segment as central structural component determining dimensions - Google Patents

Abstract

Horizontal trusses and cruciform intermediate segments in ceiling and floor area, and vertical supports as spatial load bearing structure, are incorporated in the prefabricated building. The structure is easily assembled anywhere as a simple house, clubhouse kindergarten, or similar. The main position in the structure is provided by the symmetrical cruciform segment (1), with four equal shanks (21), four end panels (20, 30) and eight flange (23) holes (24). Its size determines the facade (50) interval from the edge beam axis, and horizontal truss (3, 4) elngth. This can be easily and quickly made ane erected, using a small number of, and few different components.

Description

Buildings, especially prefabricated houses

The invention relates to a building, in particular to a prefabricated house, which was dismantled into individual parts for transport and assembly reasons and there are certain room cells in the grid. These room cells preferably exist from vertical standards and from horizontal bars in the ceiling and floor area, which by means of detachable connections (screw with nut and washer) with the later exactly described cross-shape intermediate segments are connected, as well as from the space-enclosing Wall, ceiling and floor elements.

The invention described here relates mainly to the structural change in the construction sector to prefabricated buildings, in the simplest and easiest way Way bungalows in the do-it-yourself construction process, low-cost housings for little to create industrialized countries, clubhouses, kindergartens and meeting centers, as for the assembly of all building parts of the new building according to the invention no lifting equipment is necessary.

With the building structures known on the market in system construction it is, by and large, a post-and-beam construction, a Element construction or for room cell constructions, some of which are construct In terms of their own weight, they can no longer be used without mechanical assistance can be transported or assembled (German patent applications 14 59 981 and 28 46 084).

We also find a number in published application 2043 047 of lattice girders, which are used for assembly as a space structure with lifting devices in the area of the connection points must be transported and by means of locking segments be fixed to each other.

The laid-open specification 2630 120 describes a construction of a Space structure, in which the basic construction of the space-enclosing outer walls and those of the inner partitions at different levels in the floor area and are to be installed at different heights in the deck area; but this can only be implemented with considerable assembly effort, since the intersecting Outer and inner frames or the intersecting upper and lower frames are always at different heights and always around the profile height of the horizontal Support profile of the inner or outer frame as a difference.

In relation to the installation details mentioned here, in relation to the wage and time-consuming, sometimes conventional bungalows and low-cost houses and do-it-yourself construction (pouring out lightweight building blocks) one can say that this type of building, some of which are still dependent on the weather is, According to the current state of the art, it is not considered optimal, economical and qualified solution can be designated.

The present invention is based on the knowledge of these problems now the task is to design a building system, especially for a prefabricated house, that this consists of little and little different sized construction elements, the standard dimensions of commercially available building materials, easy to use and simple Individual elements to be assembled realized in a relatively short production and assembly time can be.

According to the invention described here, this task is thereby achieved solved that the attached to the cross-shape intermediate segments vertical, from the Longitudinal and transverse axes offset stems and those on the cross-shape intermediate segments fastened horizontal edge and / or intermediate ledgers in the ceiling and floor area a space-forming steel frame results, which also serves as a load-bearing structure applies and to accommodate the wall, ceiling, floor, Door and window elements are used which, for acoustic reasons, are not mechanical are connected to one another, as well as to accommodate the rear-ventilated ones that surround the building and ventilated roof elements and cold facade panels, preferably made of coated, profiled aluminum sheets or from asbestos core panels and from aluminum cassette sheets or clinker bricks in the facade area, is suitable.

and this space-forming steel framework as a single basic element the basis is for a variable floor plan The symmetry the cross-shape intermediate segments has the consequence that in the roof and ceiling area and in the floor construction all horizontal ledgers have the same length dimensions, no matter whether in the edge zone or in the middle of the field.

The distance of the air space between the ventilated outer facade, preferably made of cassette-shaped aluminum sheets, asbestos-cement panels or wood paneling and clinker bricks and the space-enclosing outer wall elements or window and Door elements is determined by the axis dimension or half the axis dimension of the cross-shaped Intermediate segments.

The cross-shaped intermediate segments have welded, perforated end plates, just like the horizontal steel bars and the vertical steel columns. Two pieces at an angle of 90 degrees to one another directed legs of the cross-shape intermediate segments received in the upper flange or, since symmetrically in the lower flange, the same Drilled holes like the welded plates on the front sides of the cross-shaped intermediate segments, the horizontal bars and the vertical stems.

The vertical steel profiles, preferably consisting of U-profiles, T-profiles or double-T-profiles or rectangular steel tube profiles determine the Building height and the height of the enclosing wall, window and door elements, which in turn depends on the height of the cladding panels on the hardware store, preferably asbestos cement panels, plasterboard panels, chipboard or chipboard and are always mounted between the ceiling and floor structures, of equal length. the entire support structure consists, as in the Task demanded, few and few different sized construction elements to be used if we exclude the connecting elements screw, nut and washer, only from three different positions: a) symmetrical cross-shape intermediate segments, b) horizontal ledgers of the same length, whether for edge beams or central ledgers, regardless of whether for Ceiling and roof construction or for rod construction, c) vertical of the same length Support profiles, which are mounted on the floor area or under the corner area mounted cross-shaped intermediate segments are screwed.

If one would not depend on the horizontal grid dimensions or axis dimensions make of the building boards on the fluff market and the room-enclosing ones Design elements according to the width of the supporting structure, then you can use the Make the horizontal transom and the vertical supports the same length and that would have As a result, all load-bearing construction bars, horizontally and vertically, are the same would be long.

These could be connected as a load-bearing structure, absolutely anywhere with the Kreuzformzwi * chensegmenten, used in the building according to the invention will.

So you can say, if you assume that during the assembly of the Construction the screw elements are expertly fixed that this support structure under the supervision of an assembly manager, even by less qualified fitters can be set up and this work as hassle-free Assembly can be designated.

Taking these arguments into account and adding the advantages when handling only two individual items or three individual items (Light weight of all unmistakable positions in this system no support devices required), this construction system is suitable for the following Construction projects for use on: a) bungalows in do-it-yourself construction b) low-cost housings for less industrialized countries (inexpensive assembly by less professional trained, inexpensive assembly workers) c) Clubhouses (created by a club initiative) d) Kindergartens and meeting centers (through civic initiatives run by the city) The partitioning wall elements are sandwich elements with a circumferential Reinforcement frame, preferably made of extruded aluminum profiles, butt screwed together, screwed into pressed-in screw channels by means of self-tapping screws, as well as with neoprene piping located in the vertical element joint, around the elements one below the other not to be mechanically connected and thus horizontal construction tolerances and expansions to be able to catch.

This coupling mentioned here is a detailed solution that has been tried and tested for years in the aluminum window and facade construction sector and has long been a stand the technology and is therefore integrated into the construction system described here and does not count towards the construction of the building according to the invention.

As an outer, ventilated, ventilated roof covering is used the length of non-butted aluminum rebated profile sheet with a web or bead height of at least 65 mm for a flat roof construction.

A verge profile with integrated rain gutter with drain serves as Flat roof termination. The water drainage is concealed behind the facade of the building.

The construction system according to the invention is further distinguished by this that with additional existing aluminum, in a roof pitch of at least 15 degrees mounted substructure, a pitched roof covering is preferred made of aluminum profile sheets or asbestos cement panels as a ventilated roof cladding, integrated with facade ventilation as eaves ridge ventilation or transverse ventilation of the gable to gable.

Point foundations with steel contact plates for welding the structure, A continuous foundation plate or strip foundations are the prerequisites on site before the start of assembly of the supporting structure of the construction system described here.

The detailed specified description of the invention, its merits and features of the invention are illustrated in the drawings set forth below shown and described.

It is shown: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the Building according to the invention, with all supporting individual positions of the space structure with connection options to other room cells.

Fig. 2: shows a perspective view of the cross-shape intermediate segment, the main position of the building structure according to the invention.

Figures 3 and 4 show a perspective view of intermediate segments as an alternative to the main position of the building structure according to the invention, namely to the cross-shape intermediate segment.

Fig. 5 shows a partial vertical section through a building, with Flat roof as the upper end.

Fig. 6 shows a vertical section through a building, with a Gable or hipped roof as the top finish.

FIG. 1 shows the structural design of the building according to the invention, which by screwing together the horizontal edge bars 3 and the center bar 4 in the ceiling area 7 and in the floor area 8 with the cross-shaped intermediate segments and by screwing the vertika len support profiles 2 under the cross-shape intermediate segments 1 in the ceiling area 7 and by screwing it onto the cross-shaped intermediate segments 1 results in a complete structural unit in the floor area 8.

All horizontal ledgers 3 and 4 have the same length dimensions and are at any point, regardless of whether in corner level 7 or in the floor level 8 can be used.

All horizontal bars in the floor area are after they have been installed Condition always at the same level and all horizontal transoms in the ceiling area are also always mounted at the same height. There are never any differences in altitude in the attic or floor area.

The width A Fig. 2 or half the width A of the cross-shape intermediate segment determines the distance between the outer facade and that in the area the edge support mounted space-enclosing 1-wall elements 70 Fig. 5 u, 6, window and Door elements.

The three-dimensional structure of the building according to the invention shown here can on all four sides by other space structures of the invention Construction, according to their intended use, can be enlarged and expanded.

This is also according to the invention as a multi-storey building construction Building usable.

FIG. Figure 2 shows the cross-shape intermediate segment, the main position of the invention Building construction. This detail is a symmetrical, cross-shaped one Carrier element with 4 legs of equal length 21.

The head plates 2 # @, which are provided with 4 holes 22, are on the face side welded to the 4 pieces of legs 21, 2 pieces at an angle of 90 degrees to each other standing legs received in the same flange 23, (either in the two upper or in both lower) 4 pieces bores 24 with the same diameter and with the same Tear dimension like the end plates 20 of the 4 pieces of the same leg 21 and like the end plates 25 of the vertical supports 2, as well as the end plates 26 of the horizontal bars 3 and 4 (Fig. 1).

The two end plates 30 are used to hold screws for force-locking Connection with another space structure (see Fig. 1 connection 11 and 12).

The cross-shaped intermediate segment 1 shown here shows this in the ceiling area with sub-mounted vertical supports 2.

In the case of the crossover intermediate segment in the floor area, the 4 pieces would Bores 24 in flange 23 point upwards to the vertical supports 2 in the floor area to be fixed with screws and nuts.

The mounting holes in the cross-shaped intermediate segment are called through holes intended for fastening with screw and nut. They are called threaded holes carried out with fastening with screw and washer.

The individual room structures are in the ceiling area 7 and in the floor area 8 screwed together; and always on the end plates 20 Fig. 2 of the cross-shape intermediate segments in the corner area 11 and in the center of the field 12.

The entire supporting structure of the building according to the invention exists So, as shown here, if one disregards the fastening means as a position leaves, from 3 individual items: a) Symmetrical cross-shape intermediate segment 1 (also Fig. 2) b) Horizontal bars 3 and 4 c) Vertical supports 2 The ones mentioned here Individual items consist of the same profile bars, either U-profiles, T-profiles or, as shown here, from double-T-profiles.

You can run the horizontal bars 3 and 4 in the same length like the vertical supports 2, if one does not depend on the horizontal grid dimension makes of the building boards for wall elements available on the hardware store, such as Asbestos-cement boards, particle board, plasterboard with a width of 1,200 mm or 1,250 mm.

Then the building according to the invention shown here would only be as follows 2 pieces of individual items contain a (horizontal bars 3 and 4 as well as vertical Supports 2 b) Symmetrical cross-shape intermediate segment 1 (also Fig. 2) All normal straight bars, whether horizontal bars or vertical supports, would be absolutely everywhere can be used as a supporting structure in the building according to the invention.

The vertical supports 2 are always around with their outer flange 27 half the axial dimension A in front of the axis of the edge beam 3. This ensures that the external facades adjacent to the building have no direct contact (sound bridge interruption) to the room-enclosing elements.

FIG. 3 shows a T-shaped intermediate segment as an alternative to the main position the building structure according to the invention, namely as an alternative to the cross-shape intermediate segment 1 in Fig. 2.

This element is a symmetrical, T-shaped one Carrier element with 3 pieces of equal length legs 21.

The head plates 20 and 30, which are provided with 4 pieces of bores 22 Welded on the front side to the 3 pieces of legs 21. 2 pieces at an angle of 90 degrees Legs standing to one another receive 4 holes in the same flange 23 24, with the same diameter and the same tear dimension as the front plates 20 of 3 pieces of the same leg 21 and loosen the end plates 25 of the vertical supports 2, as well as the end plates 26 of the horizontal bars 3 and 4.

The end plate 30 and the end plate (30) if corner area is used to hold scrubs for a non-positive connection with another space structure the building structure according to the invention.

The T-shaped interstitial segment shown here shows this in the ceiling area in the middle of the field with undermounted vertical support 2.

The welded tab 39 is located symmetrically on the two abutting Legs 21 and is used to attach the horizontal intermediate ledger 9.

The vertical support 2 is also in this T-shaped intermediate segment with its outer flange 27 by half the axial dimension A, as in Fig. 2 in front of the axis it Raüdträger 3.

FIG, 4 shows an angular intermediate segment, as an alternative to Main position of the building structure according to the invention, namely as an alternative to the cross-shape intermediate segment 1 in FIG. 2.

This element has 2 pieces adjoining each other at an angle of 90 degrees Leg 21.

The head plates 20 and 30 are provided with 4 holes 22 Welded on the front side to the 2 pieces of legs, both legs received in the flange 23 4 pieces bores 24, with the same diameter and the same tear dimension as the End plates 25 of the vertical support 2.

The end plate 30 and the end plate (30) if corner area is used for holding screws for a force-fit connection with another space structure.

The incel-shaped intermediate segment shown here shows this in Ceiling area in the middle of the field with undermounted vertical support 2.

The welded tabs 39 are located symmetrically in the two Axes and serve to accommodate the horizontal bars 9, the vertical support 2 is also available when using this angular intermediate segment with his Outer flange 27 by half the axial dimension A, as when using the reuzform intermediate segments in 2 in front of the axis of the edge carrier 3 or 9.

FIG. 5 shows a partial vertical section through a building, consisting from the building structure according to the invention, with a flat roof as the upper end of the building Outer skin, the building support structure, as already described under Fig. 1, from the vertical supports 2, the cross-shape intermediate segments 1, the horizontal Edge bars 3 in the ceiling area 7 and floor area 8, as well as from the center bars 4 in the roof and floor area.

The space-enclosing wall elements 70 are in the plane of the edge beams 3, the ceiling elements 80 in the area of the horizontal bars 3 and 4 and the floor elements 90 with the load-distributing floor panel 91 with carpeting are attached to the horizontal bars 3 and 4. The construction of all space-enclosing Elements that support the floor elements 90 in the floor area by additional Support profiles or Sta, il or aluminum trapezoidal profile sheets are not further drilled here, They are designed according to the state of the art and do not belong to the invention Building construction0 The roof cladding profile sheets 52 consist of profiled Folded sheets or from trapezoidal profile sheets, which are coated with or uncoated outer surface, with or without bituminous sealing, can be installed.

The water drainage takes place through a curtain-type box gutter 53 at the same time chosen all around as roof closure, as well as continuing through the Downpipe 54, which is hidden behind the cold facade 50 in the corner of the building will.

The roof covering 52 is ventilated 58 and 58/66 through air slots in the upper channel area, in the lower channel area and integrated with the facade ventilation 66, which is created by the chimney effect in the area between the enclosing rooms Wall panels 70 and the building closing cold facade 50, which by the distance A or A / 2 of the cross-shaped intermediate segments of the building structure according to the invention arises.

The curtain ventilated facade 50 is as shown here made of aluminum cassettes or plastic plates with reinforced edges which in detail Can be ventilated from behind 66 or globally with larger air gaps in the foot and eaves area.

A rear-ventilated clinker facade can still be used as facade cladding, an asbestos-cement panel facade or planking should be chosen.

The entire room support structure is based on on-site point foundations, Ring foundations 55 or mounted on an entire foundation plate.

FIG: 6 shows a partial vertical section through a building, consisting from the building structure according to the invention with a gable or hipped roof as Upper outer skin that forms part of the building.

The building support structure consists of the building structure according to the invention, exactly as described under FIG. 1 and shown and described in FIG.

The roof structure consists of weight reasons Aluminum trapezoidal sheets 61 from the ridge to the eaves.

The horizontal support structure for holding the roof covering consists of extruded aluminum profiles 62 and 63 or wooden beams. The continuous Ridge profile 62 serves as a water catchment device because the ridge is made of ventilation Reasons 65 is open all the time. The consoles 64 and the fasteners for the edge purlin profiles 63 is carried out with clamping locks, so that the steel support structure does not need to be drilled through in the ceiling area during installation.

The ventilation of the facade 66 is integrated with the ventilation 65 the roof structure.

The drainage of the longitudinal box gutter 67 takes place exactly as in Fig. 5 through a rain downpipe mounted behind the facade in the corner area.

With this facade construction, too, the ventilated space is between the outer skin 50 and the space-enclosing wall element 70 determined by the distance A or A / 2 of the cross-shape intermediate segments, the main position of the invention Building construction.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (12)

PATENT CLAIMS Buildings, especially prefabricated houses with horizontal Bars and cross-shaped intermediate segments in the ceiling and floor area and vertical Supports designed as a space structure, with the vertical supports outside the room the axis of the edge beams are mounted, and the space structure itself the space-enclosing and building elements, and the structural shapes of the prefabricated house due to the basic construction system, a multiple of the spatial structure shown in Fig. 1, can be determined arbitrarily and through their easy assembly of the Basic construction of bungalows in do-it-yourself construction, low-cost housings, Olub houses, Kindergartens1 gatehouses and community centers can be created thereby characterized in that the symmetrical cross-shape intermediate segment (1) with its 4 pieces legs of the same length (21), its 4 piece face plates (20, 30) and with its 2 ral 4 pieces of holes (24) in the flange (23) the main position of the description Building construction, and its dimension A or A / 2 is the distance from the outer facade (50) to the edge support axis and thus at the same time to the room-enclosing element (70) and also determines the length of the horizontal bars (3, 4), if that horizontal axis dimension is fixed. 2. Buildings according to claim 12, characterized in that the creation of the Raumtrakwerkes (Fig. 1) at fixed horizontal axis dimension except for the cross-shaped intermediate segments (1) and the fastening materials, screws, Nuts and washers only use one fixture, namely only straight bars with end plates1 always have the same length regardless of the horizontal edge ledger (3) or horizontal center bar (4) or as a vertical support (2). 3. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that for creation the space structure (Fig. 1) except for the Krausferm intermediate segments (1) and the fastening elements, Screw, nut and washer, a maximum of only 2 pieces of fasteners during assembly are used, namely the horizontal bars (3, and 4 of the same design) and the vertical supports (2) when the horizontal axis dimension depends is based on the actual dimensions of the Norn building boards on the hardware store for the room-enclosing elements (70) such as asbestos-cement panels, plasterboard, Chipboard etc. and the room and building height correspond to the German building standard got to. 4. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that as an alternative solution also T-shaped (40) and angled (41) intermediate segments for the cross-ferrule intermediate segments can be used. 5. Building according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the building, one or more floors, on all four sides at will other building structures of the construction according to the invention, the desired structural shape accordingly, can be enlarged and expanded, namely fixed in that the buildings in the dock level (7) and in the floor level (8) at the cross-shape intermediate segments (i) on the end plates (30) in the area of the bores (22) and always in the eak area (11) and screwed together in the middle of the field (12). 6. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer flange (27) of the vertical support (2) to accommodate the outer facade closing off the building (50) is determined. 7. Building according to claim 1-6, characterized in that the space structure according to Fig. 1 is designed so that the building with both a flat roof (Fig. 5), as can also be designed with a gable or hipped roof (Fig. 6), with gable and Walendach insofar that you also have a lightweight construction, preferably made of Extruded aluminum profiles or layers of wood with clamping devices on the top Construction level (7) attached so as not to drill through the steel girders during assembly. 8, building according to claim 7, characterized in that the circumferential Rain gutter (53) is used at the same time as a roof edge or verge profile. 9. Building according to claim 7, characterized in that the downpipe (54) concealed behind the facade (50) is mounted and although as a result of the fact that the distance between the outer wall elements (70) and of the building facade (30) by the width dimension A resp. A / 2 of the cross-shape intermediate segment (1) is determined (Fig. 5 u0 6). 10. Building according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that the Gable roof or hipped roof according to FIG. 6 in the gable area open over the entire length is so that the ventilation (65) of the roof space with the rear ventilation (66) of the facade (50) integrated, avoids condensation. 11. Building according to claims 1, 7 and 10, characterized in that from the eaves area (according to Fig. 6) the facade ventilation (66) meets with the ventilation (65) takes over the air conditioning function of the roof ventilation. 12. Building according to claim 10, characterized in that the continuous, preferably made of extruded aluminum profiles or of folded metal sheets Water gutter (62) is mounted below the roof covering (61) and that anyway a roof space ventilation (65) guaranteed by the raised beads of the trapezoidal sheet metal roofing is.