EP1859108B1 - Frames for buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

A building has a frame which includes of several frame elements parallel to one another and located with a distance to one another. Each frame elements has two vertical supports and at least one horizontal beam. The frame elements are connected to one another to form the frame of the building by uprights which are attached outside to their vertical supports. To connect the supports, the beams and the uprights angles of steel sheet are used which in their legs have holes ( 19 ) for passage of connecting elements bent out and released from the legs of the angles, in the manner of nail plates. Connecting are located and attached between vertical supports. The girders ( 37 ) bear wall elements which adjoin stops on the vertical supports from the inside.

Description

The invention relates to a frame for a building of any kind, which frame the basic structure of the building (the building), e.g. a dwelling house or a hall forms, consisting of vertical uprights and horizontal beams, wherein at least two frame members are provided, each consisting of at least two vertical uprights and at least one, connected to these horizontal support, and wherein the frame elements spaced from each other and connected to each other.

A frame for a building according to the introductory part of claim 1 is known from US-A-3662502 and also from the US4265176 known.

From the US-A-4869036 is known a modular building, which has a frame of horizontal beams and vertical bars. The horizontal bars are arranged from above and from below to the vertical uprights. In the fields between vertical uprights wall elements can be used from the outside, which are arranged between the horizontal bars and the vertical uprights.

The invention has for its object to provide a framework of the type mentioned, with the building in the desired dimensions and equipment (utility, housing, etc.) can be produced.

The object of the invention is to specify a framework for buildings that meets the requirements explained above.

This object is achieved according to the invention with a frame for buildings, having the features of claim 1.

In order to achieve a long durability of buildings, in particular the frames of these buildings must be firmly fixed, which means that the connections of the vertical and horizontal support elements (posts and beams) must be designed so that they the loads of the building, the frame according to the invention has, withstands. Such loads are loads acting on the inside of the building as well as external loads such as wind.

Preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The inventively proposed construction of the frame is the desired freedom of movement of the size, shape and equipment of the frame according to the invention having buildings and Stability of the frame and the building equipped with it, whether it be a residential building, a hall building or another building, with the simplest means and reliably guaranteed.

In the frame according to the invention the connection (horizontal stiffening) of the frame elements takes place mutually by arranged between vertical uprights of the frame members of the frame, horizontal latch which results in a greater freedom in the design of the outside of a building having the frame according to the invention.

The bars connecting the vertical uprights of the frame elements bear wall elements on their side facing the outside of the frame. Thus, not only the horizontal stiffening of the frame of the invention is achieved, but also the cladding of the frame possible.

The wall elements which are connected to the horizontal bars can be designed with windows and / or doors.

In addition to horizontal bars, which interconnect frame members of the frame, can be arranged between vertical uprights of the frame members also obliquely aligned to the vertical uprights struts. It is preferred if the obliquely oriented struts are arranged in corner regions of the frame according to the invention. The struts are preferably aligned so that they are arranged between arranged in the region of corners of the frame according to the invention, vertical uprights, and are aligned obliquely upwardly extending to the arranged in the region of the corner, vertical uprights of the frame according to the invention.

The embodiment of the frame with oblique struts between vertical uprights of adjacent frame members can also be modified so that between the uprights, approximately at half the height of the uprights, a horizontal strut (cross strut) is provided, above and below the horizontal strut, at least each an oblique bracing is provided so that a kind of "framework" results.

The wall elements provided according to the invention are usually projected high, wherein the wall elements abut one another, in particular in the area of floor slabs, or can be designed to overlap one another and be attached to the frame.

In an exemplary embodiment, wall elements attached to the frame according to the invention, whether they are designed with doors and / or windows, serve as additional stiffening elements, which connect side-by-side frame elements with each other and hold them in the desired position, so that a dimensionally stable frame for the building results.

It has proven useful according to the invention daβ on the vertical uprights of the frame according to the invention, over both sides of the post laterally protruding, stops (hoods) are provided which facilitate aligned with the outside of the frame aligning the connected for example with horizontal bars wall elements ,

The wall elements provided may be made of metal (sheet metal), plastic, wood or mineral material or combinations of these materials. In one embodiment, a wall element may be composed of a plurality of generally vertically aligned webs (strips).

The provided on the uprights of the frame according to the invention stops (hoods) can be smooth or profiled and strips of wood, metal (sheet metal), mineral material or plastic. It suffices if the stops have a strength sufficient to enable them to fulfill their function as stops for the wall elements.

The wall elements can be prepared by first the bars in a corresponding number (usually two bars) with the vertical uprights by fittings, straps, angle od. Like. Connected and then the wall elements are attached.

However, it is also considered and preferred according to the invention, when prefabricated components of a wall element and bars, first on the floor and / or an intermediate ceiling of the building for which the frame according to the invention is determined filed (they can also be made in this situation ) and then simply folded up until they abut the stops (hoods) which are attached to the vertical uprights on the outside. This allows mounting of the wall elements and bars from the inside, so that mounting frames are unnecessary. It is advantageous that the wall elements are easily replaceable if they have to be renewed or changed for one reason or another. This especially if the wall elements are fixed with steel screws.

In principle, however, an assembly of wall elements from the outside is possible by the wall elements or components of wall element and bars between the uprights and arranged on these attacks (hoods) are "threaded".

Wall elements, especially those with larger dimensions, ie wall elements for commercial buildings, can also be vertical or horizontal axes, which are defined for example by hinges, are pivoted into position between vertical uprights of frame members. This also applies to smaller wall elements, but for which it is also considered that they are moved from the outside or (preferably) from the inside into their position of use between vertical uprights, as described above.

Outside the wall elements, which may carry outside or (preferably) inside an insulating layer, a plaster or the like can be attached. In this case, the plaster between the trained as hoods attacks can be arranged so that the plaster is interrupted by the attacks.

Alternatively, there is the possibility that the plaster is placed between vertical uprights of the frame members, so that the plaster is interrupted by the uprights.

In one embodiment of the invention can still be provided that frame elements are not only aligned transversely to the longitudinal extent of a building, but that (at least one) frame element is also aligned parallel to the longitudinal extent of the building.

When using frame elements according to the invention for multi-storey buildings, or when vertical posts are formed of a plurality of wooden beams (one-piece or longitudinally split and interconnected pieces of wood), it is advantageous not to sandwich the horizontal beams between the abutting ends to arrange of vertical uprights, but the horizontal support on a longitudinal side of the vertical uprights, for example in the joint area between stacked uprights to connect adjacent. This can be done with the help of brackets or with the help of tabs. In this embodiment, horizontal supports between vertical uprights, at which they are hinged at their ends (via brackets), are also designed to be rigid by being connected to other vertical uprights in an angle-rigid manner.

Alternatively, it is possible to rigidly attach horizontal supports to vertical uprights via tabs, so that additional clamping of horizontal supports takes place.

These tabs or brackets can be arranged adjacent to opposite outer sides of the uprights and beams and connected to uprights and beams, or there are tabs or brackets in (slot or slot-shaped) recesses inserted into ends of uprights and straps.

Due to the fact that horizontal beams (ceiling beams) are not arranged between stacking vertical uprights, there is a better load capacity, as woodcutters are charged on the front side, have a higher load capacity, as pillars between which wood beam with horizontal orientation of the wood fiber are arranged and loaded transversely to the wood fiber.

The vertical uprights of a frame forming frame elements according to the invention can also be connected to each other in a stable position by stiffening fields used between the vertical uprights. Such stiffening fields are, for example, rigid wooden frame, which are arranged between the vertical uprights, and having, for example, oblique struts. It can be provided per stiffening field a diagonal strut or there are two oblique struts and between a horizontal cross member ("framework") provided.

It is also contemplated an embodiment in which stiffening panels and / or cross braces, whether located in stiffening panels or directly between vertical uprights of frame members, are fixed by means of releasable wedges, steel screws, or the like. This allows, if necessary (for example, in a repair), in the case of additional installations, and the like. Stiffening panels or diagonal struts, temporarily remove or replace.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention with reference to the exemplary drawings.

It shows Fig. 1 schematically a frame for a building, Fig. 2 an embodiment for the connection of vertical uprights and horizontal beams by means of metal angles, Fig. 3 another embodiment of a connection of vertical uprights and horizontal beams by means of metal angles, Fig. 4 an embodiment of the connection of a carrier of a false ceiling with a stand of frame elements connecting bolt, Fig. 5 three different embodiments of metal angles (shown in abutment with each other), Fig. 6 a section of a frame according to the invention in view, Fig. 7 a section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 6 , the 8 to 11 schematically further embodiments of the connection between vertical uprights and horizontal beams, the FIGS. 12 and 13 two possible embodiments of horizontal supports made of metal (steel), Fig. 14 an oblique brace for bracing between vertical uprights of frame elements, Fig. 15 a stiffening in the manner of a framework between vertical uprights of frame elements, Fig. 16 the connection of a horizontal beam to a vertical upright of frame elements, Fig. 17 another embodiment of the connection of horizontal beams to vertical uprights and Fig. 18 in the horizontal section, the arrangement of outer wall elements on a vertical upright that makes up no part of the invention Fig. 19 a vertical upright made of metal, Fig. 20 similar in a view Fig. 7 an embodiment which does not form part of the invention with a hinged wall element and Fig. 21 the embodiment of Fig. 20 in side view.

An in Fig. 1 shown frame 1 for a two-story (residential) building consists of several vertical uprights 3 and connected to these, arranged in the example in two superimposed planes, horizontal beams 5 and 7. The frame members 9 thus formed from two vertical uprights 3 and each at least one, in particular at the upper end of the uprights 3 arranged horizontal support 5 - in the embodiment with two horizontal beams 5 and 7 - are set up parallel to each other and fixed to the ground by means of ground anchors or with the help of laid bars and steel angles. Any other attachment of the frame members 9 on the ground or on foundations is also considered for the frame 1 according to the invention.

To the spaced apart frame elements 9 together to form a spatial frame 1, the frame elements 9 on the two longitudinal sides (parallel to the image plane of Fig. 1 extending sides of the frame 1) with horizontally extending bars (bolt), in the embodiment post 11, screwed. Preferably, these posts 11 consist of at least two longitudinally adjacent and mutually connected by means of nail plates 13 posts 15 which are connected in the area of each floor at the top and bottom of stacked uprights 3 by means of metal angles 17 with the frame members 9 , A connection between posts (bars) 11 and a frame element 9 is exemplified in FIG Fig. 4 shown.

The connection of the upper horizontal support 5 with vertical uprights 3 takes place for example by means of in Fig. 3 shown embodiment and arrangement of metal angles 17 (angle 17 made of sheet metal, in particular steel sheet). In this connection, the outer edges 24 of the vertical legs 23 of the metal angle 17 are flush with the end faces of the carrier 5.

The attachment of the central horizontal support 7 (upper ceiling of the lower floor or floor of the upper floor) to the vertical uprights 3, for example, by means of metal angles 17, as in Fig. 2 are shown (compare also Fig. 4 ). In this connection, the outer edges 24 of the vertical legs 23 of the metal angle 17 by the strength of the uprights 3 on the end faces of the carrier 7 before.

At the cross to the picture plane of Fig. 1 extending narrow sides of the in Fig. 1 shown frame 1 for a (residential) building are provided between the outer uprights 3 of the end frame members 9 intermediate 6. These intermediate posts 6 are connected to the horizontal beams 5, 7 of the end frame members 9, preferably by means of metal angles 17. The lying on the narrow sides of the frame 1 according to the invention fields between intermediates 6, 3 stanchions and horizontal beams 5, 7 can by posts (latch) 11, for example, the in Fig. 4 shown embodiments of post 11, partially or completely closed. It is also possible, the frame elements 9, which are arranged at the end of the frame 1, with panels to connect (screw) when a blind page is provided.

Alternatively or in addition to the described stiffeners between vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9, in the frame 1 according to the invention, in particular in the corner region, also struts 70 be provided, as in the FIGS. 14 and 15 are shown. Fig. 14 shows an embodiment with an obliquely extending from bottom to top brace 70, wherein the brace 70 is preferably arranged so that it extends obliquely upward to a arranged in the corner of a frame 1 according to the invention vertical upright 3 and is arranged angle stiff.

Alternatively, an embodiment in the manner of a truss can be selected ( Fig. 15 ), in which at least two obliquely extending struts 70 are provided, which are arranged above and below a horizontal transverse strut 72 between vertical uprights 3 of frame elements 9.

The basis of the FIGS. 14 and 15 described embodiments of struts 70 may mutatis mutandis also be used for between vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9 used stiffening elements having a substantially rectangular frame and therebetween at least one inclined strut 70.

Both inclined struts 70 according to the FIGS. 14 and 15 as well as stiffening elements, which are used between vertical uprights 3, can by means of wedges 74 ( Fig. 15 ) or other releasable fasteners (setscrews) are releasably fixed so that they can be removed if necessary.

Such inclined struts 70, which are used directly between vertical uprights 3, or are provided in separate Aussteifungsfeldern are used in particular in the corner of frame 1 according to the invention, these stiffening fields can be configured as grids, which are usually without doors and / or Have windows.

In the Fig. 16 shown connection of a horizontal beam 5 to vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9 by means of tabs 76 allows the vertical uprights 3, especially at higher frame 1, the front side without interposition of crossbars abut each other, so that the load capacity is not affected (frontally loaded Wood has a high load capacity, unlike wood loaded transversely to the grain direction). The tabs 76 can as in Fig. 16 shown to be arranged on the two outer sides of both the vertical post 3, and the horizontal support 5.

Alternatively, there is the possibility of the horizontal support 3 on the tabs 76, which then act as brackets to pivotally attach a horizontal axis.

Alternatively, the tabs 76, which fasten a horizontal support 5 in the abutting area between two end-to-end sections of vertical uprights 3 on the vertical upright 3, can be arranged inside the horizontal support 5 and the vertical upright 3 (in slot-shaped or slot-shaped recesses) , This embodiment will be chosen in particular if the horizontal support 5 and / or the vertical upright 3 consists of at least two longitudinally juxtaposed and interconnected wooden parts.

On the tabs 76 may projections 78 are integrally formed on their vertically aligned legs. These protrusions 78 protrude from the uprights 3 on the opposite side of the horizontal supports 5, and serve as a support for horizontal posts (latch) 11. Such with respect to the frame members 9 outwardly projecting projections are particularly advantageous when horizontal posts or bars 11th Exterior wall cladding elements are attached, since the projections 78 ablate the vertical forces in the frame 1 according to the invention.

The projections 78 may also 17 independent parts of tabs 76 or 60 or metal angles, which are separately attached to vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9 according to the invention where they are needed.

The legs of the tabs 76 may holes 19 and / or bent-out nails 21, as in connection with the metal angles 17 (FIG. Fig. 5 ).

In general, the horizontal posts 11, which connect frame elements 9 to each other to the frame 1, be wooden posts, as for example with reference to Fig. 4 is described. This is not mandatory. The horizontal latch 11 may also be metal profile strips, which is particularly advantageous for provided at the lower ends of the vertical uprights 3 of the frame members 9 bolt 11, since they can be made narrower than wooden latch, so there is not lost so much height.

In Fig. 8 It is shown that the connection between two vertical uprights 3 and a horizontal support 5 or 7 of the frame members 9 and / or of frame members 9 with the frame members 9 interconnecting posts (bars) 11 is carried by tabs 60, both in the horizontal support as well as in vertical uprights 3 - in each case in the end region (in there provided slotted or slit-shaped recesses) - intervene. These tabs 60 consist for example of metal and are connected to the uprights 3 and the horizontal beams 5 at the ends, for example by screws or bolts.

If the uprights 3 and / or the supports 5 are made of wood, it is preferred if the uprights 3 and / or the supports 5 are composed of at least two interconnected wooden parts. In the joint between the two wooden parts, which form interconnected carrier 5 or upright 3, tabs 60 can be arranged and fixed there. Optionally, the means (screws, bolts and the like) which connect the wood parts to each other to uprights 3 and / or supports 5 or 7 also serve to fix the tabs 60 (or tabs 76) in the upright 3 and in the support 5, respectively ,

When the horizontal beams 5 are made of I-beams 61 made of steel ( Fig. 12 ) are formed, the tabs 60 may be arranged in alignment with the web 62 of the I-beam 61 and are connected thereto, for example, welded or bolted or riveted. In this case, the tab 60 forms as it were an extension of the web 62 of the I-beam 61. If vertical uprights 3 consist of I-profile steel 61 tabs 60 may be connected to the web 62 in alignment with a leg projecting from the center thereof, such as this in Fig. 19 is shown. Also on both sides of the uprights 3 protruding tabs 60 are possible in uprights 3 I-profile steel 61.

When the horizontal beams 5 are composed of two back-to-back U-profiles 63 (C-profiles) made of steel, as shown in FIG Fig. 13 is indicated, the tabs 60 may be disposed between the webs 64 of the U-profiles 63 and secured there by means as described above for the embodiment of Fig. 12 is specified.

The arrangement of tabs 60 received in the ends of horizontal beams 5 also allows nodes to be formed as shown in FIGS Fig. 9 to 11 and Fig. 17 is indicated. Fig. 9 shows a corner node, Fig. 10 a T-node and Fig. 11 a cross knot, as it will be found, for example, inside buildings.

In Fig. 17 is shown in more detail, such as a connection between the uprights 3 and horizontal beam 5 or 7, or as a node, according to the 8 to 11 may be formed when both the uprights 3 and the carrier 5 are made of wood. The tab 60, which connects the horizontal support 5 with the vertical upright 3, is in corresponding slit or slot-shaped Recesses, preferably arranged in the longitudinal center of the vertical post 3 and the horizontal support 5. This embodiment is preferred if at least one of the horizontal beams 5, 7 or vertical uprights 3 consists of two longitudinally juxtaposed wooden parts which are connected to one another.

If one of vertical upright 3 or horizontal support 5 or 7 is made of wood and the other part of a frame element 9 is made of metal (steel), consideration is given to angle 17, tabs 60 or tabs 76 only within the one part (upright or support) to arrange from wood.

The with the help of metal angles 17 or tabs 60, 76 interconnected (screwed) uprights 3, beams 5 and 7 and intermediate posts 6 and posts (latch) 11 give the frame 1 of a building on all sides high stability.

The described embodiment of the frame 1 according to the invention further provides the advantage that in the remaining between the uprights 3 and the post 11 open spaces (fields) windows and / or doors can be arranged largely freely chosen.

At most, provided on the post 11 fittings allow the panel of the frame 1 prefabricated exterior wall or facade elements to use, the nature and design of such outer wall or facade elements and the material chosen for this material is largely freely selectable.

For frame 1 for (residential) buildings with load-bearing central longitudinal wall, it is possible to expand this as a stabilizing factor for the frame 1 according to the invention. For this purpose, the uprights 3 at the top on both sides with metal angles 17 or tabs 60 (FIG. 8 to 11 ), on which cross-over posts (eg horizontal beams 5 or 7) are screwed. These posts serve as a support for ceiling joists, which may optionally be screwed with metal brackets 17 to the posts, the outer ends, for example by means of metal angles, are fixed to the outer walls.

This reinforced in the manner described central longitudinal wall allows to carry out the outer walls in lightweight construction, in particular, on a good insulation, primarily thermal insulation, consideration can be taken.

The uprights 3, intermediate posts 6, posts 11 and beams 5, 7 used for the frame 1 according to the invention may be made of wood or steel profiles, with combinations of uprights 3, intermediate 6 supports 5, 7 and posts 11 made of different materials (wood and steel) are possible. Also steel profiles or elements of the frame 1 according to the invention of different materials can be connected to each other by means of (perforated) metal bracket 17 or tabs 60, 76.

In Fig. 5 are - contiguous - three different embodiments for usable in the frame 1 of the invention metal angle 17 shown. These angles 17 are made of sheet metal, preferably sheet steel, and are rounded in the corner 18 outside and inside, as in Fig. 5 is shown. These roundings favored the flow of force in the material. For producing the metal angle 17, these can, as in Fig. 5 indicated from a correspondingly wide metal band, in particular sheet steel strip, material-saving punched.

When punching the metal angle 17, in particular steel angle, holes 21 for the penetration of fasteners, such as screws or nails 23 (similar nail plates) or combinations of holes and punched and bent nails (similar nail plates) can be provided depending on the embodiment.

So shows Fig. 5 below a metal angle 17, which has exclusively punched and bent out of the plane of the angle 17, for example, 90 ° nails 21 in two legs 23, so that this embodiment of the metal angle 17 can be used in the manner of a nail plate.

Fig. 5 shows in the middle an embodiment of a metal angle 17, in which only holes 19 are provided for the passage of fasteners. The holes 19 are provided in both legs 23 of the metal angle 17.

The third, in Fig. 5 The above embodiment of a metal angle 17 has in both legs 23 both punched and bent out of the plane of the angle nails 21 and holes 19 for the penetration of fasteners, the embodiment is selected so that the punched nails 21 (similar nail plates) in the outer ends of the legs. 23 of the metal bracket 17 and the holes 19 for the passage of fastening screws od. Like. Attachment near the corner 18 of the metal angle 17 are provided.

It is also contemplated within the scope of the invention that for the connection of the components of the frame 1 and its frame members 9, two metal angles 17 arranged next to one another are used become. In this case, metal angles 17 can be used, the legs 23 are connected to legs 23 adjacent to each other. In particular, the angles 17 together form an angle of 90 °. Such interconnected (welded) metal angle 17 together form a flat "T" (similar to the tabs 76 of Fig. 16 ) or a "T" which is angled in the area of the central "T" -shank.

The embodiment of the metal angles 17, which have both holes 19 for the passage of fasteners as well as punched and bent-out nails 21, are particularly advantageous because these metal angle 17 facilitate assembly, since they set with hammer blows the parts to be joined together, whereupon then final connection without further aids, which hold the parts together, by placing fasteners, such as screws, bolts or nails done.

The frame 1 according to the invention for a building (residential building) can be used, for example, for the construction of halls. The time and effort-saving design of the frame 1 according to the invention is particularly effective in hall construction, since facades are often expanded without windows, especially in hall buildings light incidence often occurs through light openings (skylights or the like) in the roof area.

The above-described embodiment of the metal angle 17, in particular steel angle, for the rectangular connection of the components of the frame 1 according to the invention are independent of the actual frame construction and its structure of inventive importance. Particular consideration is given to metal angle 17, in which combinations of holes 19 and punched nails 21 (similar to those of nail plates) are provided.

Of importance for the stability of the frame 1 according to the invention, in one embodiment, the metal angles 17 are arranged in the frame 1 with different orientations. Thus, the metal angles 17 connecting the vertical uprights 3 to the horizontal beams 5, 7 are aligned in one plane whereas the metal angles 17 defining the posts 11 on the outside of the vertical uprights 3 are perpendicular to the aforesaid planes Layers arranged. This leads to an all-round stiffness of the frame 1 forming a structure according to the invention.

Although in the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown the Upper horizontal support 5 of each frame member 9 are formed as a straight carrier 5, in the context of the invention, an embodiment is considered, in which the horizontal support 5 of each frame member 9 or at least individual frame members 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention the roof shape of a using the inventive frame 1 are adapted to be manufactured. Thus, for buildings with a pent roof, the upper beams 5 of all or individual frame elements 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention can be inclined to the horizontal at the angle of the pent roof. In this case, the metal angle 17, which connect the carrier 5 with the vertical uprights 3, not formed with perpendicular legs, but the legs of the metal angle 17 are at an angle to each other, which corresponds to the inclination of the carrier 5 of the frame members 9. The same applies to other roof forms, such as a pitched roof, a hipped roof, a mansard roof and the like.

In 6 and 7 only two uprights 3 of frame members 9 and two horizontal beams 7 are shown by the frame 1 according to the invention. In Fig. 6 It is shown that, in particular for higher frame elements 9, the uprights 3 may consist of two uprights 3, which are arranged without interposing, for example, horizontal beams 7 and indirectly on each other (shock 47). So there is a higher load-bearing capacity and load capacity. In the frame 1 according to the invention but also horizontal support 5, 7 may be provided, which are arranged engaging between the ends of stacked vertical uprights 3.

In the in Fig. 6 In the example shown, it is shown that in the region of the height of the horizontal beams 7 there is provided an intermediate ceiling 30 consisting of the corresponding number of horizontal beams 31 and a ceiling floor 33, which in the embodiment shown consists of several tracks (wooden boards).

Between adjacent uprights 3 of adjacent frame members 9, two latches 37 which are horizontally aligned are attached. In the exemplary embodiment, the latches 37 are fastened to the vertical uprights 3 with the aid of metal angles 43, 44 and fastening screws.

The bars 37 carry a wall element 39, which is composed in the embodiment shown of several vertical webs. These tracks can be plastic tracks, metal sheets or wooden boards. Also in Fig. 7 is shown on the inside the wall element 39 insulation 41 may be provided.

In a preferred embodiment, the bars 37 are connected to a wall element 39 to form a unit before they are placed between vertical uprights 3 and fastened there. This is a simplified operation, since it is sufficient, for example, to connect a wall element 39 with two bars 37 to form a unit. lying on the ceiling 30 or a floor and then just folded up. In order to facilitate the alignment of the wall element 39 with the bars 37 relative to the uprights 3, 3 stops 50 ("hoods") are provided on the outside of the vertical uprights. The stops 50 extend at least over part of the height of the vertical uprights 3 and project on both sides via the vertical uprights 3. With the laterally projecting beyond the uprights 3 areas, the stops 50 ensure the precise alignment of wall elements 39 without special attention is required. It is simply sufficient to move the wall element 39, if necessary, with the bars 37 fastened to it, until it rests against the stops 50. Then, the latch 37 are attached in any manner, in particular with the angles 43, 44, and / or with screws on the vertical uprights 3 of the frame members 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention. On the inside of the wall elements 39, an insulation 41 may be attached. This insulation 41 is (see. Fig. 7 ) between the bars 37 and / or on the interior of the building facing side of the latch 37 may be arranged. The insulation 41 may be applied during assembly of the unit of wall element 41 and latches 37 or after installation of the unit between uprights 3 of the frame 1.

If desired, can be applied to the wall elements 39 outside a layer of plaster 45, wherein the plaster 45 extends only between the stops 50 or alternatively between uprights 3, that is interrupted by the stops 50 or the uprights 3.

In the case of stators 3 arranged one above the other, it is preferred that their impact 47 be in the region of the horizontal supports 7.

In this case, the connection of horizontal beams 5, 7 may preferably be formed as described with reference to FIG Fig. 16 has been explained.

In one opposite the 6 and 7 modified embodiment which does not form part of the invention, a wall member 39 as follows with reference to the FIGS. 20 and 21 described, be placed between vertical uprights 3 in position.

The intrinsically rigid and finished wall element 39 is hinged on hinges 90 either on horizontal components (eg a false ceiling) between vertical uprights 3 or also hinges 90 on a vertical upright 3 itself, so that it is in position between vertical upright 3 either a horizontal ( at the lower end of the wall element 39) axis (as in FIGS. 20 and 21 ) or about a vertical axis, which is in the range of one of the two posts 3 between which a wall element 39 is to be placed in position, can be pivoted into its position of use. This operation has the advantage that an accurate positioning of the wall member 39 is easily possible and the wall member 39, if desired, can be opened again.

This embodiment also makes it possible to make the stops 50 (hoods), which are attached to the vertical uprights 3, narrower, so that they protrude only slightly over the uprights 3.

The final fixing of the wall member 39 can be done in any way, for example, with separate fasteners or even with the help of wedges that are hammered or pressed into the butt joints between vertical uprights 3 and 39 wall element.

If the stops 50 are formed narrower on the outside of the vertical uprights 3, a joint seal 91, for example, from the inside, can be mounted in the joint area between the wall element 39 and the stops 50.

The hinges (hinges) 90 may be attached, for example, to a false ceiling 30 or a ceiling support beam. In any case, when attaching the hinges 90, it is recommended that the one part of the hinges, which may be formed as trunnion hinges, for example the "female" parts, be attached to a horizontal member, e.g. attached to the false ceiling 30, and then push the wall member 39 with other hinge parts attached thereto, for example, the hinge pin ("male" parts) in the mounted on the horizontal component parts of the hinges.

If the stops 50 protrude only slightly beyond the vertical posts 3, sealing strips between the stops 50 and the vertical edges of the wall elements 39 can be fastened to the stops 50 from the inside.

• Wandverkleidungen (insbesondere kleinere, leichtere Wandverkleidungen, z.B. für Wohnbauten) von außen angebracht, aufliegend auf einem Längsriegel;
• Wandverkleidungen (insbesondere kleinere, leichtere Wandverkleidungen, z.B. für Wohnbauten) von innen angebracht, mit Anschlag an Anschlägen 50 (Hauben) an den lotrechten Stehern 3;
• Wandverkleidungen (insbesondere größere/schwerere Wandverkleidungen für Nutzbauten) von innen angebracht, mit scharnierartiger Montage; mit
  1. a. Scharnier am Bodenriegel,
  2. b. Scharnier an einem lotrechten Steher oder
  3. c. ohne Scharnier, nur in der Montage scharnierartig aufgestellt
• die Fugenabdeckung kann beliebig erfolgen.

For the attachment of wall elements 39, which serve as a cladding of the frame 1 according to the invention, for example of wall elements 39 whose structure in the Fig. 6, 7 . 20, 21 is shown by way of example, between vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention exist various possibilities. Relative to the lining of the frame 1 with wall elements are the particular

• Wall cladding (especially smaller, lighter wall cladding, eg for residential buildings) mounted externally, resting on a longitudinal bar;
• Wall cladding (especially smaller, lighter wall cladding, eg for residential buildings) mounted from the inside, with stop on stops 50 (hoods) on the vertical uprights 3;
• Wall cladding (in particular larger / heavier wall cladding for commercial buildings) mounted from the inside, with hinged mounting; With
  1. a. Hinge on bottom bolt,
  2. b. Hinge on a vertical upright or
  3. c. without hinge, hinged only during assembly
• the joint cover can be done arbitrarily.

For small and light wall elements 39, as used in housing, usually simple threading and hooking by hand is sufficient. It is only important that wall elements can also be mounted from the inside - for example, such that threading the element fits, then hung the crossbar and the wall element attached to the wall bolt.

In Fig. 18 a variant of the attachment of wall elements 39 on the outside of the frame 1 forming frame members 9 is shown, this variant does not form part of the invention. Specifically, on a post 3, which is composed of two longitudinally juxtaposed wood parts 4, which are connected to each other in a manner not shown, outside a waterproof liner 80 is attached. On this intermediate layer 80 resting, wall elements 39 are arranged, which abut each other in the region of the vertical post 3, so that their joint 81 is arranged in the region of the vertical post 3. The wall elements 39 can be fastened by fastening elements 82 which engage in the upright 3. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to attach wall elements 39 to strips 3 or ties 11 fastened between uprights 3, for which purpose the wall elements 39, for example, with a pocket over the strip 83 or the latch 11 are mounted.

Regardless of how wall elements 39 are fixed, they can be arranged overlapping or side by side, wherein (see Fig. 18 ) in the joint area a cover profile strip 84 may be attached.

The construction according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture the uprights 3 of metal (steel) or wood and also to manufacture the supports 5 of metal (steel) or wood. Thus, various combinations between the materials of metal and wood are possible, with pillars 3 made of metal with beams 5 made of wood, pillars 3 made of wood with beams 5 made of metal, and pillars 3 made of metal with beams 5 made of metal and pillars 3 made of wood with beams 5 can be combined from wood.

On horizontal supports 5 can be mounted in all embodiments of the invention further fittings for partitions or other horizontal support 5 so that in a frame 1 of a building, which is formed from frame elements 9 of the invention, at any point further separating elements (partitions and the like), as well Supporting elements (more uprights and / or support) can be arranged.

In summary, an embodiment may be illustrated as follows.

A building, e.g. a residential building or a hall, has a frame 1, which consists of several mutually parallel and spaced frame members 9. The cream elements 9 consist of two vertical uprights 3 and at least one horizontal support 5 and 7. The frame members 9 are connected by posts 11 which are attached to their vertical uprights 3 outside, together to the frame 1 of the building. To connect the uprights 3, the support 5 and 7 and the post 11 angle 17 made of sheet steel used in their legs 23 holes 19 for the penetration of connecting means (screws) and / or from the legs 23 of the angle 17 released and bent out Have nails 21, in the manner of nail plates.

In a frame 1 of frame members 9 with vertical uprights 3 and horizontal beams 7 bars 37 are provided for connecting the frame members 9 and the longitudinal stiffening of the frame 1, which are arranged and fixed between vertical uprights 3. The bars 37 carry wall elements 39, which abut against stops 50 on the vertical uprights 3 from the inside. It is preferred if the Wall elements 39 and the latch 37 are prefabricated units which are placed between vertical uprights 3, fitting against the stops 50 and then the latch 37 are attached to the vertical uprights 3.

Claims (70)

1. Frame for buildings comprised of vertical supports (3) and horizontal beams (5, 7), wherein at least two frame elements (9) are provided, comprised each of at least two vertical supports (3) and at least one horizontal beam (5, 7), the one beam connected to those, and wherein the frame elements (9) are located at a distance to one another, and are connected to one another by horizontally aligned bars (11) attached to the vertical supports (3), characterized in that horizontal girders (37) are provided between adjacent vertical supports (3) and connected to the support (3), that the horizontal girders (37) support wall elements (39) on their side facing the outside of the frame (1), that on the outside of the vertical supports (3) of the frame elements (9) stops (50) for wall elements (39) are provided, that the stops (50) extend laterally on either side beyond the vertical supports (3) of the frame elements (9), that the wall elements (39) are disposed between the girders (37) and the stops (50) and that the wall elements (39) abut the stops (50) from the inside.
2. Frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontally aligned bars are wooden posts (11) or metal strips.
3. Frame according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bars (11), in particular the wooden posts comprise two interconnected bars (15), in particular single wooden posts.
4. Frame according to claim 2, characterized in that the lowermost horizontally aligned bar (11) which connects the frame elements (9) to one another is a metal profile strip.
5. Frame according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal profile strip (11) is made narrower than a bar (11) in the form of a wooden post.
6. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bars (11) which connect the frame elements (9) to one another are located at least in a region of bottom ends of the vertical supports (3) and in a region of top ends of the vertical supports (3).
7. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that for a frame (1) for a multistory building each frame element (9) has at least two horizontal beams (5, 7) which are located at a distance from one another.
8. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bars (11) which connect the frame elements (9) to one another are provided in the region of the height of the horizontal beams (5, 7).
9. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the vertical supports (3) consist of wood.
10. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the vertical supports (3) consist of steel sections.
11. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the horizontal beams (5, 7) consist of wood.
12. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the horizontal beams (5, 7) are steel sections.
13. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the horizontal beams (5, 7) are connected to the vertical supports (3) by means of the metal angles (17) or brackets (76) which bridge the joint regions between said components.
14. Frame according to claim 13, characterized in that the metal angles (17) or brackets (76) are located on both sides adjoining the vertical supports (3) and horizontal beams (5, 7) which are connected to one another.
15. Frame according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the metal angles (17) are located on the upper horizontal beams (5, 7) in the region of the ends of the horizontal beams (5, 7).
16. Frame according to claim 15, characterized in that the end surfaces of the horizontal beams (5, 7) are essentially flush with the outside edges (24) of the vertical legs (23) of the metal angles (17).
17. Frame according to claim 15, characterized in that the metal angles (17) are located on horizontal beams (7) which are located between the bottom end and the top end of a frame element (9), are disposed projecting over the end surfaces of the beam (7).
18. Frame according to claim 17, characterized in that the outside edges (24) of the vertical legs (23) of the metal angles (17) project over the end surfaces of the beam (7).
19. Frame according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that for attachment of bars (11) interconnecting by vertical supports (3) to vertical supports (3) of frame elements (9) there are metal angles (17) of which angles one leg (23) is located on the vertical support (3) and the other leg (23) is located on the bar (11).
20. Frame according to one of claims 3 to 19, characterized in that for bars (11) composed of several posts (15) the horizontal leg (23) of the metal angle (17) is arranged bridging the lengthwise joint between the posts (15).
21. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that upper beams (5) of frame elements (9) run or are aligned in such a manner as corresponds to the shape of the roof of a building to be produced using the frame (1).
22. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the vertical supports (3) consists of metal and the horizontal beams (5) consist of wood.
23. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the horizontal girders (37) are connected to the vertical supports (3) by angles (43, 44) with locking screws for spreading.
24. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that there are wall elements (39) which have window opening and/or door openings.
25. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the wall element (39) is connected to at least two girders (37) to form a unit.
26. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the wall elements (39) bear a plaster layer (45) on their outer side.
27. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the wall elements (39) are from wood, metal, plastic or mineral material.
28. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the wall elements (39) are composed of several panels or strips.
29. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that stops (50) are from wood, metal, plastic or mineral material.
30. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the wall elements (39) are made story-high.
31. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that there are at least two horizontal girders (37) between adjacent supports (3) of the frame elements (9) per story of the frame (1) according to the invention.
32. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the wall elements (39) are located on top of one another abut.
33. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the wall elements (39) located on top of one another overlap one another.
34. Frame according to claim 33, characterized in that the upper wall element (39) extends overlapping the lower wall element (39).
35. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that the supports (3) are divided by the frame elements (9) and stand directly upright on one another in the region of the joint (47).
36. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that there is an insulation (41) on the side of the girders (37) which faces the building.
37. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that there is an insulation (41) on the side of the wall elements (39) which faces the building.
38. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the girders (37) are from wood or metal.
39. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that the metal girders (37) on their ends have head-plates that are connected to vertical supports (3) of the frame elements (9).
40. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 39, characterized in that vertical supports (3) with the horizontal beams (5, 7) are connected to one another by the brackets (60, 76) which engage the ends of the supports (3)/ beams (5, 7).
41. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that the bars (11) which connect frame elements (9) to one another are connected to vertical supports (3) by brackets (60) which engage the ends of the bars (11).
42. Frame according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that the brackets (60, 76) engage between the interconnected wooden parts which form the beams (5, 7), supports (3) and for beams (11).
43. Frame according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that brackets (60) are connected to the stay (62) of I-sections from metal forming bars (5, 7, 11).
44. Frame according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that brackets (60) are attached between webs (64) of C-sections (63) of metal which are interconnected adjoining one another back to back and which form beams (5, 7, 11).
45. Frame according to one of claims 40 to 44, characterized in that on the support (3) there are at least two brackets (60) which include with one another an angle, especially an angle of 90°.
46. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 45, characterized in that at least two horizontal beams (3) which point in different directions are connected to horizontal supports (5).
47. Frame according to claim 46, characterized in that there are slotted or gap-shaped brackets (60, 76) which engage recesses in the end of at least one horizontal beam (5, 7) and of the vertical support (3) and which are intended for attachment of horizontal beams (5) to vertical supports (3).
48. Frame according to claim 47, characterized in that the brackets (6) are rectangular.
49. Frame according to claim 48, characterized in that the brackets (76) are T-shaped.
50. Frame according to one of claims 46 to 49, characterized in that horizontal beams (5) connected to the horizontal parts of the brackets (76) can be pivoted around an horizontal axis.
51. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 50, characterized in that on vertical supports (3) outwardly projecting cantilevers (78) for support of horizontal bars (11) are provided.
52. Frame according to claim 51, characterized in that cantilevers (78) are one-piece with brackets (76).
53. Frame according to one of claims 1 to 50, characterized in that between vertical supports (3) of frame elements (9) there is at least one obliquely aligned brace (70) at a time.
54. Frame according to claim 53, characterized in that the brace is provided between a support (3) of the frame element (9) located in the corner region of the frame (1) and of the next inner support (3) of an adjacent frame element (9).
55. Frame according to claim 53 or 54, characterized in that the braces (70) are aligned running obliquely up to the corner of the frame (1).
56. Frame according to claim 53 or 54, characterized in that two brace (70) are provided extending between cross bars (72) in about the middle of height of vertical supports (3).
57. Frame according to one of claim 1 to 56, characterized in that the outside wall elements (39) are attached to vertical supports (3) of frame elements (9) with a rest (80) connected in between.
58. Frame according to claim 57, characterized in that the joint (81) between bordering outside wall elements (39) is covered by a cover strip (84).
59. Frame according to one of claim 1 to 58, characterized in that the wall elements (39) between supports (3) are attached to strips (83) which are attached between supports (3), especially hung.
60. Frame according to one of claim 1 to 59, characterized in that there are stiffening panels between supports (3) of adjacent frame elements (9).
61. Frame according to claim 60, characterized in that the stiffening fields have a rectangular frame.
62. Frame according to claim 60 or 61, characterized in that in the stiffening elements there is at least one obliquely (diagonally) running brace (70).
63. Frame according to one of claim 53 to 62, characterized in that the obliquely running braces (70) are fixed by wedges (74) between vertical supports (3) of adjacent frame elements (9).
64. Frame according to claim 60, characterized in that the stiffening panels between vertical supports (3) of adjacent frame elements (9) are detachably fixed by wedges (74) or locking screws.
65. Frame according to one of claim 1 to 64, characterized in that there are wall elements (39) which are to be placed between vertical supports (3) and which can be pivoted into their position of use which is located between vertical supports (3).
66. Frame according to claim 65, characterized in that the wall elements (39) can be pivoted in around a horizontal axis.
67. Frame according to claim 66, characterized in that the wall elements 39 can be pivoted in around a vertical axis.
68. Frame according to one of claim 65 to 67, characterized in that the wall elements (39) can be pivoted around hinges (90).
69. Frame according to one of claims 65 to 68, characterized in that on the coverings (50) are strips mounted from the inside in order to seal joints between the covering (50) and the wall element (39).
70. Frame according to one of claims 65 to 69, characterized in that the wall element (39) after pivoting in into its position of use is fixed in its position by fastening mens, for example by wedges knocked or pressed in.

Images