EP1859108B1 - Structures pour batiments - Google Patents

Structures pour batiments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1859108B1
EP1859108B1 EP06704753A EP06704753A EP1859108B1 EP 1859108 B1 EP1859108 B1 EP 1859108B1 EP 06704753 A EP06704753 A EP 06704753A EP 06704753 A EP06704753 A EP 06704753A EP 1859108 B1 EP1859108 B1 EP 1859108B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame according
frame
elements
horizontal
vertical supports
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP06704753A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1859108A2 (fr
Inventor
Johann Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wolf Modul GmbH
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Wolf Modul GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to PL06704753T priority Critical patent/PL1859108T3/pl
Publication of EP1859108A2 publication Critical patent/EP1859108A2/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/2644—Brackets, gussets or joining plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/2644—Brackets, gussets or joining plates
    • E04B2001/2648—Brackets, gussets or joining plates located in slots of the elongated wooden members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B2001/2696—Shear bracing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a frame for a building of any kind, which frame the basic structure of the building (the building), e.g. a dwelling house or a hall forms, consisting of vertical uprights and horizontal beams, wherein at least two frame members are provided, each consisting of at least two vertical uprights and at least one, connected to these horizontal support, and wherein the frame elements spaced from each other and connected to each other.
  • the building e.g. a dwelling house or a hall forms, consisting of vertical uprights and horizontal beams, wherein at least two frame members are provided, each consisting of at least two vertical uprights and at least one, connected to these horizontal support, and wherein the frame elements spaced from each other and connected to each other.
  • a frame for a building according to the introductory part of claim 1 is known from US-A-3662502 and also from the US4265176 known.
  • a modular building which has a frame of horizontal beams and vertical bars.
  • the horizontal bars are arranged from above and from below to the vertical uprights.
  • wall elements can be used from the outside, which are arranged between the horizontal bars and the vertical uprights.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a framework of the type mentioned, with the building in the desired dimensions and equipment (utility, housing, etc.) can be produced.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a framework for buildings that meets the requirements explained above.
  • the frames of these buildings must be firmly fixed, which means that the connections of the vertical and horizontal support elements (posts and beams) must be designed so that they the loads of the building, the frame according to the invention has, withstands.
  • loads are loads acting on the inside of the building as well as external loads such as wind.
  • the inventively proposed construction of the frame is the desired freedom of movement of the size, shape and equipment of the frame according to the invention having buildings and Stability of the frame and the building equipped with it, whether it be a residential building, a hall building or another building, with the simplest means and reliably guaranteed.
  • connection (horizontal stiffening) of the frame elements takes place mutually by arranged between vertical uprights of the frame members of the frame, horizontal latch which results in a greater freedom in the design of the outside of a building having the frame according to the invention.
  • the bars connecting the vertical uprights of the frame elements bear wall elements on their side facing the outside of the frame.
  • the wall elements which are connected to the horizontal bars can be designed with windows and / or doors.
  • struts In addition to horizontal bars, which interconnect frame members of the frame, can be arranged between vertical uprights of the frame members also obliquely aligned to the vertical uprights struts. It is preferred if the obliquely oriented struts are arranged in corner regions of the frame according to the invention.
  • the struts are preferably aligned so that they are arranged between arranged in the region of corners of the frame according to the invention, vertical uprights, and are aligned obliquely upwardly extending to the arranged in the region of the corner, vertical uprights of the frame according to the invention.
  • the embodiment of the frame with oblique struts between vertical uprights of adjacent frame members can also be modified so that between the uprights, approximately at half the height of the uprights, a horizontal strut (cross strut) is provided, above and below the horizontal strut, at least each an oblique bracing is provided so that a kind of "framework" results.
  • the wall elements provided according to the invention are usually projected high, wherein the wall elements abut one another, in particular in the area of floor slabs, or can be designed to overlap one another and be attached to the frame.
  • wall elements attached to the frame according to the invention serve as additional stiffening elements, which connect side-by-side frame elements with each other and hold them in the desired position, so that a dimensionally stable frame for the building results.
  • stops are provided which facilitate aligned with the outside of the frame aligning the connected for example with horizontal bars wall elements ,
  • the wall elements provided may be made of metal (sheet metal), plastic, wood or mineral material or combinations of these materials.
  • a wall element may be composed of a plurality of generally vertically aligned webs (strips).
  • stops can be smooth or profiled and strips of wood, metal (sheet metal), mineral material or plastic. It suffices if the stops have a strength sufficient to enable them to fulfill their function as stops for the wall elements.
  • the wall elements can be prepared by first the bars in a corresponding number (usually two bars) with the vertical uprights by fittings, straps, angle od. Like. Connected and then the wall elements are attached.
  • Wall elements especially those with larger dimensions, ie wall elements for commercial buildings, can also be vertical or horizontal axes, which are defined for example by hinges, are pivoted into position between vertical uprights of frame members. This also applies to smaller wall elements, but for which it is also considered that they are moved from the outside or (preferably) from the inside into their position of use between vertical uprights, as described above.
  • a plaster or the like can be attached outside the wall elements, which may carry outside or (preferably) inside an insulating layer.
  • the plaster between the trained as hoods attacks can be arranged so that the plaster is interrupted by the attacks.
  • frame elements are not only aligned transversely to the longitudinal extent of a building, but that (at least one) frame element is also aligned parallel to the longitudinal extent of the building.
  • tabs or brackets can be arranged adjacent to opposite outer sides of the uprights and beams and connected to uprights and beams, or there are tabs or brackets in (slot or slot-shaped) recesses inserted into ends of uprights and straps.
  • the vertical uprights of a frame forming frame elements according to the invention can also be connected to each other in a stable position by stiffening fields used between the vertical uprights.
  • Such stiffening fields are, for example, rigid wooden frame, which are arranged between the vertical uprights, and having, for example, oblique struts. It can be provided per stiffening field a diagonal strut or there are two oblique struts and between a horizontal cross member ("framework") provided.
  • stiffening panels and / or cross braces are fixed by means of releasable wedges, steel screws, or the like. This allows, if necessary (for example, in a repair), in the case of additional installations, and the like. Stiffening panels or diagonal struts, temporarily remove or replace.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a frame for a building
  • Fig. 2 an embodiment for the connection of vertical uprights and horizontal beams by means of metal angles
  • Fig. 3 another embodiment of a connection of vertical uprights and horizontal beams by means of metal angles
  • Fig. 4 an embodiment of the connection of a carrier of a false ceiling with a stand of frame elements connecting bolt
  • Fig. 5 three different embodiments of metal angles (shown in abutment with each other)
  • Fig. 6 a section of a frame according to the invention in view
  • Fig. 7 a section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 6
  • the 8 to 11 schematically further embodiments of the connection between vertical uprights and horizontal beams
  • FIG. 12 and 13 two possible embodiments of horizontal supports made of metal (steel), Fig. 14 an oblique brace for bracing between vertical uprights of frame elements, Fig. 15 a stiffening in the manner of a framework between vertical uprights of frame elements, Fig. 16 the connection of a horizontal beam to a vertical upright of frame elements, Fig. 17 another embodiment of the connection of horizontal beams to vertical uprights and Fig. 18 in the horizontal section, the arrangement of outer wall elements on a vertical upright that makes up no part of the invention Fig. 19 a vertical upright made of metal, Fig. 20 similar in a view Fig. 7 an embodiment which does not form part of the invention with a hinged wall element and Fig. 21 the embodiment of Fig. 20 in side view.
  • FIG. 1 An in Fig. 1 shown frame 1 for a two-story (residential) building consists of several vertical uprights 3 and connected to these, arranged in the example in two superimposed planes, horizontal beams 5 and 7.
  • the frame members 9 thus formed from two vertical uprights 3 and each at least one, in particular at the upper end of the uprights 3 arranged horizontal support 5 - in the embodiment with two horizontal beams 5 and 7 - are set up parallel to each other and fixed to the ground by means of ground anchors or with the help of laid bars and steel angles. Any other attachment of the frame members 9 on the ground or on foundations is also considered for the frame 1 according to the invention.
  • the frame elements 9 on the two longitudinal sides (parallel to the image plane of Fig. 1 extending sides of the frame 1) with horizontally extending bars (bolt), in the embodiment post 11, screwed.
  • these posts 11 consist of at least two longitudinally adjacent and mutually connected by means of nail plates 13 posts 15 which are connected in the area of each floor at the top and bottom of stacked uprights 3 by means of metal angles 17 with the frame members 9 ,
  • a connection between posts (bars) 11 and a frame element 9 is exemplified in FIG Fig. 4 shown.
  • connection of the upper horizontal support 5 with vertical uprights 3 takes place for example by means of in Fig. 3 shown embodiment and arrangement of metal angles 17 (angle 17 made of sheet metal, in particular steel sheet).
  • angle 17 made of sheet metal, in particular steel sheet.
  • the outer edges 24 of the vertical legs 23 of the metal angle 17 are flush with the end faces of the carrier 5.
  • struts 70 be provided, as in the FIGS. 14 and 15 are shown.
  • Fig. 14 shows an embodiment with an obliquely extending from bottom to top brace 70, wherein the brace 70 is preferably arranged so that it extends obliquely upward to a arranged in the corner of a frame 1 according to the invention vertical upright 3 and is arranged angle stiff.
  • a truss can be selected ( Fig. 15 ), in which at least two obliquely extending struts 70 are provided, which are arranged above and below a horizontal transverse strut 72 between vertical uprights 3 of frame elements 9.
  • struts 70 may mutatis mutandis also be used for between vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9 used stiffening elements having a substantially rectangular frame and therebetween at least one inclined strut 70.
  • Both inclined struts 70 according to the FIGS. 14 and 15 as well as stiffening elements, which are used between vertical uprights 3, can by means of wedges 74 ( Fig. 15 ) or other releasable fasteners (setscrews) are releasably fixed so that they can be removed if necessary.
  • Such inclined struts 70 which are used directly between vertical uprights 3, or are provided in separate Aussteifungsfeldern are used in particular in the corner of frame 1 according to the invention, these stiffening fields can be configured as grids, which are usually without doors and / or Have windows.
  • connection of a horizontal beam 5 to vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9 by means of tabs 76 allows the vertical uprights 3, especially at higher frame 1, the front side without interposition of crossbars abut each other, so that the load capacity is not affected (frontally loaded Wood has a high load capacity, unlike wood loaded transversely to the grain direction).
  • the tabs 76 can as in Fig. 16 shown to be arranged on the two outer sides of both the vertical post 3, and the horizontal support 5.
  • the tabs 76 which fasten a horizontal support 5 in the abutting area between two end-to-end sections of vertical uprights 3 on the vertical upright 3, can be arranged inside the horizontal support 5 and the vertical upright 3 (in slot-shaped or slot-shaped recesses) ,
  • This embodiment will be chosen in particular if the horizontal support 5 and / or the vertical upright 3 consists of at least two longitudinally juxtaposed and interconnected wooden parts.
  • projections 78 are integrally formed on their vertically aligned legs. These protrusions 78 protrude from the uprights 3 on the opposite side of the horizontal supports 5, and serve as a support for horizontal posts (latch) 11. Such with respect to the frame members 9 outwardly projecting projections are particularly advantageous when horizontal posts or bars 11th Exterior wall cladding elements are attached, since the projections 78 ablate the vertical forces in the frame 1 according to the invention.
  • the projections 78 may also 17 independent parts of tabs 76 or 60 or metal angles, which are separately attached to vertical uprights 3 of frame members 9 according to the invention where they are needed.
  • the legs of the tabs 76 may holes 19 and / or bent-out nails 21, as in connection with the metal angles 17 (FIG. Fig. 5 ).
  • the horizontal posts 11, which connect frame elements 9 to each other to the frame 1, be wooden posts, as for example with reference to Fig. 4 is described.
  • the horizontal latch 11 may also be metal profile strips, which is particularly advantageous for provided at the lower ends of the vertical uprights 3 of the frame members 9 bolt 11, since they can be made narrower than wooden latch, so there is not lost so much height.
  • Fig. 8 It is shown that the connection between two vertical uprights 3 and a horizontal support 5 or 7 of the frame members 9 and / or of frame members 9 with the frame members 9 interconnecting posts (bars) 11 is carried by tabs 60, both in the horizontal support as well as in vertical uprights 3 - in each case in the end region (in there provided slotted or slit-shaped recesses) - intervene.
  • These tabs 60 consist for example of metal and are connected to the uprights 3 and the horizontal beams 5 at the ends, for example by screws or bolts.
  • the uprights 3 and / or the supports 5 are made of wood, it is preferred if the uprights 3 and / or the supports 5 are composed of at least two interconnected wooden parts. In the joint between the two wooden parts, which form interconnected carrier 5 or upright 3, tabs 60 can be arranged and fixed there.
  • the means screws, bolts and the like
  • which connect the wood parts to each other to uprights 3 and / or supports 5 or 7 also serve to fix the tabs 60 (or tabs 76) in the upright 3 and in the support 5, respectively ,
  • the tabs 60 may be arranged in alignment with the web 62 of the I-beam 61 and are connected thereto, for example, welded or bolted or riveted. In this case, the tab 60 forms as it were an extension of the web 62 of the I-beam 61. If vertical uprights 3 consist of I-profile steel 61 tabs 60 may be connected to the web 62 in alignment with a leg projecting from the center thereof, such as this in Fig. 19 is shown. Also on both sides of the uprights 3 protruding tabs 60 are possible in uprights 3 I-profile steel 61.
  • the tabs 60 may be disposed between the webs 64 of the U-profiles 63 and secured there by means as described above for the embodiment of Fig. 12 is specified.
  • FIGS Fig. 9 to 11 and Fig. 17 show a corner node, Fig. 10 a T-node and Fig. 11 a cross knot, as it will be found, for example, inside buildings.
  • a connection between the uprights 3 and horizontal beam 5 or 7, or as a node, according to the 8 to 11 may be formed when both the uprights 3 and the carrier 5 are made of wood.
  • the tab 60 which connects the horizontal support 5 with the vertical upright 3, is in corresponding slit or slot-shaped Recesses, preferably arranged in the longitudinal center of the vertical post 3 and the horizontal support 5. This embodiment is preferred if at least one of the horizontal beams 5, 7 or vertical uprights 3 consists of two longitudinally juxtaposed wooden parts which are connected to one another.
  • one of vertical upright 3 or horizontal support 5 or 7 is made of wood and the other part of a frame element 9 is made of metal (steel), consideration is given to angle 17, tabs 60 or tabs 76 only within the one part (upright or support) to arrange from wood.
  • the described embodiment of the frame 1 according to the invention further provides the advantage that in the remaining between the uprights 3 and the post 11 open spaces (fields) windows and / or doors can be arranged largely freely chosen.
  • frame 1 for (residential) buildings with load-bearing central longitudinal wall it is possible to expand this as a stabilizing factor for the frame 1 according to the invention.
  • the uprights 3 at the top on both sides with metal angles 17 or tabs 60 (FIG. 8 to 11 ), on which cross-over posts (eg horizontal beams 5 or 7) are screwed.
  • These posts serve as a support for ceiling joists, which may optionally be screwed with metal brackets 17 to the posts, the outer ends, for example by means of metal angles, are fixed to the outer walls.
  • This reinforced in the manner described central longitudinal wall allows to carry out the outer walls in lightweight construction, in particular, on a good insulation, primarily thermal insulation, consideration can be taken.
  • the uprights 3, intermediate posts 6, posts 11 and beams 5, 7 used for the frame 1 according to the invention may be made of wood or steel profiles, with combinations of uprights 3, intermediate 6 supports 5, 7 and posts 11 made of different materials (wood and steel) are possible. Also steel profiles or elements of the frame 1 according to the invention of different materials can be connected to each other by means of (perforated) metal bracket 17 or tabs 60, 76.
  • Fig. 5 are - contiguous - three different embodiments for usable in the frame 1 of the invention metal angle 17 shown.
  • These angles 17 are made of sheet metal, preferably sheet steel, and are rounded in the corner 18 outside and inside, as in Fig. 5 is shown. These roundings favored the flow of force in the material.
  • holes 21 for the penetration of fasteners such as screws or nails 23 (similar nail plates) or combinations of holes and punched and bent nails (similar nail plates) can be provided depending on the embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 shows Fig. 5 below a metal angle 17, which has exclusively punched and bent out of the plane of the angle 17, for example, 90 ° nails 21 in two legs 23, so that this embodiment of the metal angle 17 can be used in the manner of a nail plate.
  • Fig. 5 shows in the middle an embodiment of a metal angle 17, in which only holes 19 are provided for the passage of fasteners.
  • the holes 19 are provided in both legs 23 of the metal angle 17.
  • the third, in Fig. 5 The above embodiment of a metal angle 17 has in both legs 23 both punched and bent out of the plane of the angle nails 21 and holes 19 for the penetration of fasteners, the embodiment is selected so that the punched nails 21 (similar nail plates) in the outer ends of the legs. 23 of the metal bracket 17 and the holes 19 for the passage of fastening screws od. Like. Attachment near the corner 18 of the metal angle 17 are provided.
  • metal angles 17 can be used, the legs 23 are connected to legs 23 adjacent to each other.
  • the angles 17 together form an angle of 90 °.
  • Such interconnected (welded) metal angle 17 together form a flat "T" (similar to the tabs 76 of Fig. 16 ) or a "T" which is angled in the area of the central "T" -shank.
  • metal angles 17, which have both holes 19 for the passage of fasteners as well as punched and bent-out nails 21, are particularly advantageous because these metal angle 17 facilitate assembly, since they set with hammer blows the parts to be joined together, whereupon then final connection without further aids, which hold the parts together, by placing fasteners, such as screws, bolts or nails done.
  • the frame 1 according to the invention for a building can be used, for example, for the construction of halls.
  • the time and effort-saving design of the frame 1 according to the invention is particularly effective in hall construction, since facades are often expanded without windows, especially in hall buildings light incidence often occurs through light openings (skylights or the like) in the roof area.
  • metal angle 17 in particular steel angle, for the rectangular connection of the components of the frame 1 according to the invention are independent of the actual frame construction and its structure of inventive importance. Particular consideration is given to metal angle 17, in which combinations of holes 19 and punched nails 21 (similar to those of nail plates) are provided.
  • the metal angles 17 are arranged in the frame 1 with different orientations.
  • the metal angles 17 connecting the vertical uprights 3 to the horizontal beams 5, 7 are aligned in one plane whereas the metal angles 17 defining the posts 11 on the outside of the vertical uprights 3 are perpendicular to the aforesaid planes Layers arranged. This leads to an all-round stiffness of the frame 1 forming a structure according to the invention.
  • the Upper horizontal support 5 of each frame member 9 are formed as a straight carrier 5, in the context of the invention, an embodiment is considered, in which the horizontal support 5 of each frame member 9 or at least individual frame members 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention the roof shape of a using the inventive frame 1 are adapted to be manufactured.
  • the upper beams 5 of all or individual frame elements 9 of the frame 1 according to the invention can be inclined to the horizontal at the angle of the pent roof.
  • other roof forms such as a pitched roof, a hipped roof, a mansard roof and the like.
  • the uprights 3 may consist of two uprights 3, which are arranged without interposing, for example, horizontal beams 7 and indirectly on each other (shock 47). So there is a higher load-bearing capacity and load capacity.
  • horizontal support 5, 7 may be provided, which are arranged engaging between the ends of stacked vertical uprights 3.
  • latches 37 which are horizontally aligned are attached.
  • the latches 37 are fastened to the vertical uprights 3 with the aid of metal angles 43, 44 and fastening screws.
  • the bars 37 carry a wall element 39, which is composed in the embodiment shown of several vertical webs. These tracks can be plastic tracks, metal sheets or wooden boards. Also in Fig. 7 is shown on the inside the wall element 39 insulation 41 may be provided.
  • the bars 37 are connected to a wall element 39 to form a unit before they are placed between vertical uprights 3 and fastened there.
  • This is a simplified operation, since it is sufficient, for example, to connect a wall element 39 with two bars 37 to form a unit. lying on the ceiling 30 or a floor and then just folded up.
  • 3 stops 50 are provided on the outside of the vertical uprights. The stops 50 extend at least over part of the height of the vertical uprights 3 and project on both sides via the vertical uprights 3. With the laterally projecting beyond the uprights 3 areas, the stops 50 ensure the precise alignment of wall elements 39 without special attention is required.
  • an insulation 41 may be attached on the inside of the wall elements 39. This insulation 41 is (see. Fig. 7 ) between the bars 37 and / or on the interior of the building facing side of the latch 37 may be arranged. The insulation 41 may be applied during assembly of the unit of wall element 41 and latches 37 or after installation of the unit between uprights 3 of the frame 1.
  • plaster 45 extends only between the stops 50 or alternatively between uprights 3, that is interrupted by the stops 50 or the uprights 3.
  • connection of horizontal beams 5, 7 may preferably be formed as described with reference to FIG Fig. 16 has been explained.
  • a wall member 39 as follows with reference to the FIGS. 20 and 21 described, be placed between vertical uprights 3 in position.
  • the intrinsically rigid and finished wall element 39 is hinged on hinges 90 either on horizontal components (eg a false ceiling) between vertical uprights 3 or also hinges 90 on a vertical upright 3 itself, so that it is in position between vertical upright 3 either a horizontal ( at the lower end of the wall element 39) axis (as in FIGS. 20 and 21 ) or about a vertical axis, which is in the range of one of the two posts 3 between which a wall element 39 is to be placed in position, can be pivoted into its position of use.
  • This operation has the advantage that an accurate positioning of the wall member 39 is easily possible and the wall member 39, if desired, can be opened again.
  • This embodiment also makes it possible to make the stops 50 (hoods), which are attached to the vertical uprights 3, narrower, so that they protrude only slightly over the uprights 3.
  • the final fixing of the wall member 39 can be done in any way, for example, with separate fasteners or even with the help of wedges that are hammered or pressed into the butt joints between vertical uprights 3 and 39 wall element.
  • a joint seal 91 for example, from the inside, can be mounted in the joint area between the wall element 39 and the stops 50.
  • the hinges (hinges) 90 may be attached, for example, to a false ceiling 30 or a ceiling support beam.
  • the one part of the hinges which may be formed as trunnion hinges, for example the "female" parts, be attached to a horizontal member, e.g. attached to the false ceiling 30, and then push the wall member 39 with other hinge parts attached thereto, for example, the hinge pin ("male" parts) in the mounted on the horizontal component parts of the hinges.
  • stops 50 protrude only slightly beyond the vertical posts 3, sealing strips between the stops 50 and the vertical edges of the wall elements 39 can be fastened to the stops 50 from the inside.
  • wall elements 39 for small and light wall elements 39, as used in housing, usually simple threading and hooking by hand is sufficient. It is only important that wall elements can also be mounted from the inside - for example, such that threading the element fits, then hung the crossbar and the wall element attached to the wall bolt.
  • a variant of the attachment of wall elements 39 on the outside of the frame 1 forming frame members 9 is shown, this variant does not form part of the invention.
  • a post 3 which is composed of two longitudinally juxtaposed wood parts 4, which are connected to each other in a manner not shown, outside a waterproof liner 80 is attached.
  • wall elements 39 are arranged, which abut each other in the region of the vertical post 3, so that their joint 81 is arranged in the region of the vertical post 3.
  • the wall elements 39 can be fastened by fastening elements 82 which engage in the upright 3.
  • wall elements 39 can be arranged overlapping or side by side, wherein (see Fig. 18 ) in the joint area a cover profile strip 84 may be attached.
  • the construction according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture the uprights 3 of metal (steel) or wood and also to manufacture the supports 5 of metal (steel) or wood.
  • various combinations between the materials of metal and wood are possible, with pillars 3 made of metal with beams 5 made of wood, pillars 3 made of wood with beams 5 made of metal, and pillars 3 made of metal with beams 5 made of metal and pillars 3 made of wood with beams 5 can be combined from wood.
  • horizontal supports 5 can be mounted in all embodiments of the invention further fittings for partitions or other horizontal support 5 so that in a frame 1 of a building, which is formed from frame elements 9 of the invention, at any point further separating elements (partitions and the like), as well Supporting elements (more uprights and / or support) can be arranged.
  • a building e.g. a residential building or a hall, has a frame 1, which consists of several mutually parallel and spaced frame members 9.
  • the cream elements 9 consist of two vertical uprights 3 and at least one horizontal support 5 and 7.
  • the frame members 9 are connected by posts 11 which are attached to their vertical uprights 3 outside, together to the frame 1 of the building.
  • the support 5 and 7 and the post 11 angle 17 made of sheet steel used in their legs 23 holes 19 for the penetration of connecting means (screws) and / or from the legs 23 of the angle 17 released and bent out Have nails 21, in the manner of nail plates.
  • bars 37 are provided for connecting the frame members 9 and the longitudinal stiffening of the frame 1, which are arranged and fixed between vertical uprights 3.
  • the bars 37 carry wall elements 39, which abut against stops 50 on the vertical uprights 3 from the inside. It is preferred if the Wall elements 39 and the latch 37 are prefabricated units which are placed between vertical uprights 3, fitting against the stops 50 and then the latch 37 are attached to the vertical uprights 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

Claims (70)

  1. Cadre pour bâtiment composé d'étais perpendiculaires (3) et de poutres horizontales (5, 7), sachant qu'au moins deux éléments de cadre (9) sont prévus qui sont composés respectivement d'au moins deux étais perpendiculaires (3) et d'au moins une poutre horizontale (5, 7) reliée à ceux-ci, et sachant que les éléments de cadre (9) sont placés à distance l'un de l'autre et sont reliés l'un à l'autre par des barres (11) dirigées horizontalement et placées sur les étais perpendiculaires (3), caractérisé en ce qu'entre des étais perpendiculaires (3) voisins, des traverses horizontales (37) sont prévues qui sont reliées aux étais (3), en ce que les traverses horizontales (37) supportent des éléments de paroi (39) sur leur côté tourné vers le côté extérieur du cadre (1), que sur le côté extérieur des étais perpendiculaires (3) des éléments de cadre (9), des butées extérieures (50) pour les éléments de paroi (39) sont prévues, que les butées (50) font saillie des deux côtés au-dessus des étais perpendiculaires (3) des éléments de cadre (9), que les éléments de paroi (39) reposent entre les traverses (37) et les butées (50), et que les éléments de paroi (39) reposent depuis l'intérieur sur les butées (50).
  2. Cadre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les barres dirigées horizontalement sont des montants en bois (11) ou des baguettes métalliques.
  3. Cadre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les barres (11), en particulier les montants en bois, sont composées de deux barres (15) reliées l'une à l'autre, en particulier des montants en bois individuels.
  4. Cadre selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la barre (11) alignée horizontalement la plus inférieure et reliant les éléments de cadre (9) l'un à l'autre est une baguette métallique profilée.
  5. Cadre selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la baguette métallique profilée (11) est plus étroite qu'une barre (11) ayant la forme d'un montant en bois.
  6. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les barres (11) reliant les éléments de cadre (9) l'un à l'autre sont placées au moins au niveau des extrémités inférieures des étais perpendiculaires (3) et au niveau des extrémités supérieures des étais perpendiculaires (3).
  7. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que lorsqu'il s'agit d'un cadre (1) pour un bâtiment de plusieurs étages, chaque élément de cadre (9) présente au moins deux poutres horizontales (5, 7) placées à distance l'une de l'autre.
  8. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les barres (11) reliant les éléments de cadre (9) l'un à l'autre sont prévues au niveau de la hauteur des poutres horizontales (5, 7).
  9. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les étais perpendiculaires (3) sont en bois.
  10. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les étais perpendiculaires (3) sont en profilés d'acier.
  11. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les poutres horizontales (5, 7) sont en bois.
  12. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les poutres horizontales (5, 7) sont en profilés d'acier.
  13. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les poutres horizontales (5, 7) sont reliées aux étais perpendiculaires (3) au moyen d'équerres métalliques (17) ou de languettes (76) surmontant la zone d'assemblage entre lesdits éléments de construction.
  14. Cadre selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les équerres métalliques (17) ou languettes (76) sont placées des deux côtés en reposant sur les étais perpendiculaires (3) et les poutres horizontales (5, 7) reliés entre eux.
  15. Cadre selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que les équerres métalliques (17) sont placées sur des poutres horizontales (5, 7) supérieures au niveau des extrémités des poutres horizontales (5, 7).
  16. Cadre selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les faces avant des poutres horizontales (5, 7) affleurent essentiellement avec les arêtes extérieures (24) des branches perpendiculaires (23) des équerres métalliques (17).
  17. Cadre selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les équerres métalliques (17) sont placées en saillie sur des poutres horizontales (7) qui sont placées entre l'extrémité inférieure et l'extrémité supérieure d'un élément de cadre (9), au-dessus des faces avant de la poutre (7).
  18. Cadre selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que les arêtes extérieures (24) des branches perpendiculaires (23) des équerres métalliques (17) font saillie au-delà des faces avant de la poutre (7).
  19. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que pour fixer les étais perpendiculaires (3) des barres (11) reliées entre elles sur les étais perpendiculaires (3) des éléments de cadre (9), des équerres métalliques (17) sont prévues dont une branche (23) est placée sur l'étai perpendiculaire (3) et l'autre branche (23) est placée sur la barre (11).
  20. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 3 à 19, caractérisé en ce que lorsqu'il s'agit de barres (11) composées de plusieurs montants (15), la branche horizontale (23) de l'équerre métallique (17) est placée en surmontant le joint longitudinal entre les montants (15).
  21. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que des poutres horizontales (5) des éléments de cadre (9) ont un tracé et/ou un alignement qui correspond à la forme du toit d'un bâtiment à fabriquer en employant le cadre (1).
  22. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21, caractérisé en ce que les étais perpendiculaires (3) sont en métal et les poutres horizontales (5) sont en bois.
  23. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 22, caractérisé en ce que les traverses horizontales (37) sont reliées aux étais perpendiculaires (3) par des équerres (43, 44) avec des vis de réglage pour un appui ou similaire.
  24. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 23, caractérisé en ce que des éléments de paroi (39) sont prévus qui présentent des ouvertures de fenêtre et/ou de porte.
  25. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 24, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de paroi (39) est relié en une unité par au moins deux traverses (37).
  26. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 25, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) ont une couche de crépi (45) sur leur face extérieure.
  27. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 26, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) sont en bois, en métal, en plastique ou en matériau minéral.
  28. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 27, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) sont composés de plusieurs lés ou bandes.
  29. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 28, caractérisé en ce que les butées (50) sont en bois, en métal, en plastique ou en matériau minéral.
  30. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 29, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) font la hauteur d'étage.
  31. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 30, caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque étage du cadre (1) selon l'invention, au moins deux traverses horizontales (37) sont prévues entre des étais (3) voisins des éléments de cadre (9).
  32. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 31, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) placés l'un au-dessus de l'autre s'assemblent de manière tronconique.
  33. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 31, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) placés l'un au-dessus de l'autre se chevauchent.
  34. Cadre selon la revendication 33, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de paroi (39) supérieur met en prise l'élément de paroi (39) inférieur en le chevauchant.
  35. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 34, caractérisé en ce que les étais (3) des éléments de cadre (9) sont séparés et sont debout directement l'un sur l'autre au niveau de l'assemblage (47).
  36. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 35, caractérisé en ce qu'une isolation (41) est prévue sur le côté des traverses (37) tourné vers le bâtiment.
  37. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 35, caractérisé en ce qu'une isolation (41) est prévue sur le côté des éléments de paroi (39) tourné vers le bâtiment.
  38. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 37, caractérisé en ce que les traverses (37) sont en bois ou en métal.
  39. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 38, caractérisé en ce que les traverses (37) en métal supportent sur leurs extrémités des semelles de recouvrement qui sont reliées aux étais perpendiculaires (3) des éléments de cadre (9).
  40. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 39, caractérisé en ce que les étais perpendiculaires (3) sont reliés aux poutres horizontales (5, 7) par des languettes (60, 76) se mettant en prise dans les extrémités des étais (3) / des poutres (5, 7).
  41. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 40, caractérisé en ce que les barres (11) reliant les éléments de cadre (9) l'un à l'autre sont reliées aux étais perpendiculaires (3) par des languettes (60) se mettant en prise dans les extrémités des barres (11).
  42. Cadre selon la revendication 40 ou 41, caractérisé en ce que les languettes (60, 76) se mettent en prise entre des pièces en bois reliées entre elles qui forment les poutres (5, 7), les étais (3) et/ou la poutre (11).
  43. Cadre selon la revendication 40 ou 41, caractérisé en ce que les languettes (60) sont fixées sur la branche (62) de profilés en I en métal formant les poutres (5, 7, 11).
  44. Cadre selon la revendication 40 ou 41, caractérisé en ce que les languettes (60) sont fixées entre des branches (64) de profilés en C (63) en métal reliés entre eux en étant placés l'un sur l'autre dos à dos, lesquels forment les poutres (5, 7, 11).
  45. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 40 à 44, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux languettes (60) sont prévues sur l'étai (3) qui comprennent entres elles un angle, en particulier un angle de 90°.
  46. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 45, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux poutres horizontales (5) dirigées dans des directions différentes sont reliées sur les étais horizontaux (3).
  47. Cadre selon la revendication 46, caractérisé en ce que pour fixer les poutres horizontales (5, 7) sur les étais perpendiculaires (3) dans des évidements dans les extrémités de l'au moins une poutre horizontale (5) et de l'étai perpendiculaire (3), des languettes (60, 76) sont prévues qui se mettent en prise dans des évidements fendus prévus.
  48. Cadre selon la revendication 47, caractérisé en ce que les languettes (60) sont rectangulaires.
  49. Cadre selon la revendication 48, caractérisé en ce que les languettes (76) sont en T.
  50. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 46 à 49, caractérisé en ce que des poutres horizontales (5) reliées sur les parties horizontales des languettes (76), peuvent pivoter sur un axe horizontal.
  51. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 50, caractérisé en ce que des porte-à-faux (78) faisant saillie vers l'extérieur sont prévus sur les étais perpendiculaires (3) pour poser les montants horizontaux (11).
  52. Cadre selon la revendication 51, caractérisé en ce que les porte-à-faux (78) sont formés de manière monobloc avec les languettes (76).
  53. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 52, caractérisé en ce qu'entre les étais perpendiculaires (3) des éléments de cadre (9), au moins une contre-fiche (70) dirigée obliquement est prévue.
  54. Cadre selon la revendication 53, caractérisé en ce que la contre-fiche est prévue entre un étai (3) d'un élément de cadre (9) placé dans l'angle du cadre (1) et l'étai intérieur suivant (3) d'un élément de cadre (9) voisin.
  55. Cadre selon la revendication 53 ou 54, caractérisé en ce que les contre-fiches (70) sont dirigées obliquement vers le haut en direction de l'angle du cadre (1).
  56. Cadre selon la revendication 53 ou 54, caractérisé en ce que deux contre-fiches (70) sont prévues, lesquelles s'étendent entre une jambe transversale (72) prévue environ au centre de la hauteur des étais perpendiculaires (3).
  57. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 56, caractérisé en ce que des éléments de paroi extérieurs (39) sont fixés par l'ajout intermédiaire d'une surface d'appui (80) sur les étais perpendiculaires (3) des éléments de cadre (9).
  58. Cadre selon la revendication 57, caractérisé en ce que le joint d'assemblage (81) est recouvert par une baguette couvre-joint (84) entre des éléments de paroi extérieurs (39) se délimitant les uns contre les autres.
  59. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 58, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) sont fixés, en particulier suspendus, entre les étais (3) sur des baguettes (83) fixées entre les étais (3).
  60. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 59, caractérisé en ce que des panneaux d'étançonnage sont prévus entre les étais (3) d'éléments de cadre (9) voisins.
  61. Cadre selon la revendication 60, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux d'étançonnage présentent un cadre rectangulaire.
  62. Cadre selon la revendication 60 ou 61, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une contre-fiche (70) au tracé oblique (diagonal) est prévue dans les éléments d'étançonnage.
  63. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 53 à 62, caractérisé en ce que les contre-fiches (70) au tracé oblique sont fixées par des coins (74) entre les étais perpendiculaires (3) d'éléments de cadre (9) voisins.
  64. Cadre selon la revendication 60, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux d'étançonnage entre des étais (3) d'éléments de cadre (9) voisins sont fixés de manière séparable par des coins (74) ou des vis de serrage.
  65. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 64, caractérisé en ce que des éléments de paroi (39) à insérer entre les étais perpendiculaires (3) sont prévus, qui peuvent basculer dans leur position d'utilisation qui se trouve entre les étais perpendiculaires (3).
  66. Cadre selon la revendication 65, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) peuvent basculer sur un axe horizontal.
  67. Cadre selon la revendication 66, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) peuvent basculer sur un axe vertical.
  68. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 65 à 67, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de paroi (39) peuvent basculer sur des charnières (90).
  69. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 65 à 68, caractérisé en ce que sur les recouvrements (50), des baguettes pour étanchéifier les joints entre le recouvrement (50) et l'élément de paroi (39) sont placées par l'intérieur.
  70. Cadre selon l'une des revendications 65 à 69, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de paroi (39) est fixé en position après la bascule dans sa position d'utilisation, par des moyens de fixation, par exemple des coins enfoncés ou forcés.
EP06704753A 2005-03-17 2006-03-16 Structures pour batiments Active EP1859108B1 (fr)

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PL (1) PL1859108T3 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2006096899A2 (fr)

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EP1859108A2 (fr) 2007-11-28
RU2397295C2 (ru) 2010-08-20
WO2006096899A2 (fr) 2006-09-21
RU2007138387A (ru) 2009-04-27
ATE519896T1 (de) 2011-08-15
PL1859108T3 (pl) 2011-12-30
US20080148678A1 (en) 2008-06-26
WO2006096899A3 (fr) 2007-04-19
CA2601590A1 (fr) 2006-09-21

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