EP2722451B1 - Building system, in particular residential building - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a building system, in particular residential building, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Smaller buildings, such as residential buildings or holiday homes, can be built in a variety of ways. Traditionally, residential buildings have usually been and continue to be built with masonry walls, today mostly double-walled, with insulation or air between the walls.

There are also prefabricated houses are known in which the outer walls are initially made by the factory and then assembled on site with crane use to form a building structure. For larger buildings, the walls may also be formed of smaller modules, which are assembled only on the construction site to larger wall modules. In the construction of prefabricated houses, the wall panels are usually made of concrete slabs, which are frontally coupled to each other. This results in butt joints that must be suitably laminated, for example by applying an exterior plaster after completion of the building, or by designing the joints to give the building the appearance of a skeletal structure formed by columns and beams.

Timber houses are also known prefabricated houses that directly use a skeletal structure, similar to a half-timbered house, which is made of supports, beams and bars that form the structure for the load-bearing of the ceiling, the roof and the wall panels. The skeleton fields are provided with fillings, windows and doors. It is also known to use finished wall elements as load-bearing elements. Such elements consist of a wooden frame with outer and inner plates, between which a skeleton is available for stiffening.

In prefabricated housing, however, there is always the desire to be able to produce the building system as far as possible factory-made and then keep the construction cost of the building very small. As a rule, finished wall elements with the aid of a crane within a few hours to a complete Buildings are assembled. But the plate elements used are so large and heavy that they can be handled only with considerable mechanical effort, and it requires a large number of manpower to align the plate elements to connect and rework. This work can only be carried out by specialized specialists, but not by a homeowner without suitable mechanical support.

The object of the invention, however, is to be able to create a building system, in particular a residential building, with elements which can be handled essentially by muscular force which can be easily coupled with one another, the weight of which does not exceed a certain limit, but which nonetheless provides a quick, allow effective, cost-effective construction of a building. The elements used should also be designed so that the building system can be changed later and is essentially dismantled without damage and can be rebuilt elsewhere.

In US Pat. No. 3,338,011 is a building system, in particular residential buildings, described with a built on a base plate skeleton construction of posts and bars, the skeleton fields with typified filler plates, windows and doors provided and wherein the filler plates, which are multilayer with an inner top, an outer top plate and between inner top and Outer cover plate extending frame strips formed with sandwiched insulation, substantially aligned between the posts and bars are arranged. The posts are T-shaped in cross-section and the straps of the T-shaped posts project beyond the adjoining inner cover plates of the filler plates edge. Furthermore, in US Pat. No. 3,338,011 Connecting means for connecting the posts and bars are provided with the arranged in the skeletal fields filler plates, which are designed as releasable fittings disclosed.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a building system, in particular residential buildings, from a skeletal structure, which can be easily and quickly constructed, which can be made variable and cost and again is dismantled and can be rebuilt.

This object is achieved by the invention defined in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in subclaims.

The invention is based on a building system with a built on a base plate skeleton construction of posts and bars, the skeleton spring are provided with typified filler plates, windows and doors.

According to the typified filler plates are multilayered with an inner cover plate, an outer cover plate and arranged between the inner cover plate and outer cover plate circumferential frame strip formed with intermediate insulation. The connecting means for connecting the posts and bars with the filling plates arranged in alignment in the skeletal fields are designed as releasable fittings. The respective outer edge of the outer cover plate a filler plate at least partially overlaps the adjacent posts or latches and the connecting means clamps the portions of the outer cover plates that overlap the posts or latches.

Filling plates and connecting means are characterized by the invention, which can be used in a skeleton construction of posts and bars, wherein the filler plates are used as standardized finished elements easily in the skeletal fields and can be fastened by means of known connecting means to the posts and bars. There is no permanent attachment of the filler plates in the skeletal fields, but only a deadlock on bars or posts, so that the filler plates are always detachable again and the building can be designed otherwise.

The filler plates are double-walled with circumferential frame strips. In the cavity thus formed an insulation is attached. Since the outer cover plate at least partially overlaps the adjoining posts and bars, it is possible in this way to create an almost homogeneous outer structure of a building wall which only contains fittings that cover the butt joints of the adjoining outer cover plates. The attachment of the filler plates to the posts or bars is therefore only on the outside of a wall, while the filler plates can remain unpaved on the inside.

The typification of the filler plates allows their cost-effective factory production. However, such filler plates are designed as small yet manageable wall elements whose weight is such that they can be carried and installed by no more than two people.

In a preferred embodiment of the posts and bars used they are T-shaped in cross-section, with their web height of the total thickness of insulation and inner panel corresponds. The T-shaped posts or bars in this case have an attached belt, which projects beyond the edge of the inside of the post or bar inner panels of the filler plates.

The fact that the straps of the T-shaped posts or bars are located on the inside of a wall, it is possible to insert the filler plates from the outside into the skeleton fields, so that they come to the inside of the straps to the plant.

The straps of the filler plates preferably have such a thickness that can be attached to the lying in a plane upper edges of the straps of a wall pre-wall panels, for. B. plasterboard, thus allowing a continuous inner wall without protruding elements. As a result, a cavity corresponding to the thickness of the straps is located between the inner cover plates of the filler panels and the pre-wall panels, in which domestic installations such as water and heating pipes and electrical lines can be accommodated. The installation room can also be at least partially filled with insulation.

A building according to the invention is preferably erected without a basement on a cast or laid concrete slab. Preferably, the walls of the building are erected on a foot bar formed of bars on the floor slab. At the top of the walls, the walls are preferably covered with a grid formed of interconnected bars, can be placed on the ceiling support. On the Rähm or a Fußpfette also the roof construction can be put on.

The ceiling beams are preferably connected via interlocking hook fittings with the longitudinal Rähm. Such hook fittings are easily coupled together and, if necessary, easily separable again. Preferably, a first part of the Hakenbeschages is attached to an edge bar, which is placed on the Rähm. The second part of the hook fitting is located at the end of the respective ceiling support. Even if the building is to be disassembled again, the sub-elements of the hook strike can each remain on the ceiling beams or edge beams.

The posts and bars are in particular made of laminated wood. Also, the Rähm forming horizontally extending latch and the edge bars arranged thereon are preferably made of laminated wood. The advantage of laminated wood is, in particular, that the desired cross-sections easily created are that wood produced in this way are largely torsionally stiff, and that glued wood structures are inexpensive to produce.

The typified filler panels of the present invention are not only useful as wall panels, but may also be used as ceiling panels between the ceiling panels. When using ceiling panels, it may be useful to halve the grid spacing of the ceiling support relative to the grid spacing of the wall posts and thus also halve the width of the ceiling panels opposite the wall filler plates to make a walkability of the ceiling.

To produce the filler plates, their inner cover plates are preferably formed as OSB coarse chipboard and the outer cover plates of vapor diffusion open DWD plates, preferably made of MDF fiber material. DWD sheets have the property of being vapor permeable but water resistant so that they are usable as wall outer panels.

Part of the skeleton fields of the walls of the building may be provided with openable windows or fixed glass panels. The latter can be clamped in the same way as the outer cover plates on the posts and bars.

The connection of the posts and bars with each other is preferably carried out with frontally attached to the bars outside covered sliding fittings, which are inserted into corresponding fittings on the post. Thus, it can be achieved that these connection fittings are visible neither from the outside of the building nor from the inside, but nevertheless allow a firm connection between the post and bolt.

The releasable fittings for connecting two outer panels, door or window frame or glass plates with the bars or posts preferably consist of a bottom side of the stems of the T-shaped posts or bars covering and provided with an inner seal support strip and an outer outer strip provided with a further seal , which are clamped together by means of bolts, wherein they each have the outer edges two outer cover plates or glass plates jammed together. The deadlock is easy to produce by means of screw and also released again. To the outer cover, the fittings can be covered with an outer cover strip.

In the building system according to the invention, it is possible to form almost all wall elements, posts, bars or beams to be used so small-scale, that their respective weight does not exceed 80 kg, so that they can be easily carried and handled by two people. All wall elements are merely bolted together or clamped so that they can be easily assembled or separated from each other. Such a building can therefore be created by the owner himself, without the need for a crane. The individual components are prepared so far that they can be easily assembled and assembled into a finished building with appropriate planning and observance of the construction manual. As assembly tools only the commonly available tools of an experienced handyman are needed.

The skeleton structure of the building consists of vertically arranged post in the grid and also arranged in the grid horizontally extending bars that are connected to each other via interlocking fittings. The posts and latches to be used are largely identical and have the same cross-sections. All filler plates are also formed in the grid, they differ substantially only in height.

If required, such a building can be dismantled at any time. Since the inner walls of the building system can be formed from a skeleton construction with inserted filler plates, a change in the internal structure of the building can be carried out in a simple manner.

Fig. 1

einen Grundriss eines Musterhauses,

Fig. 2

einen vertikalen Seitenschnitt eines Musterhauses,

Fig. 3

einen vertikalen Querschnitt eines Musterhauses,

Fig. 4

eine Verbindung von Füllplatten und Pfosten,

Fig. 5

eine Eckausbildung,

Fig. 6

eine Tür-/Fenster-Ausbildung, horizontal,

Fig. 7

eine Tür-/Fenster-Ausbildung, vertikal,

Fig. 8

eine Verbindung von Füllplatte und Riegel,

Fig. 9

eine Verbindung von Deckenfüllelementen,

Fig. 10

eine Deckenträgerauflage im Längsschnitt,

Fig. 11

eine Deckenträgerauflage im Querschnitt,

Fig. 12

eine Verbindung Pfosten/Füllplatte, und

Fig. 13

eine Verbindung Pfosten/Riegel.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a floor plan of a model house,

Fig. 2

a vertical side section of a model house,

Fig. 3

a vertical cross section of a model house,

Fig. 4

a combination of filler plates and posts,

Fig. 5

a corner education,

Fig. 6

a door / window training, horizontal,

Fig. 7

a door / window training, vertical,

Fig. 8

a connection of filling plate and bar,

Fig. 9

a combination of ceiling fillers,

Fig. 10

a ceiling support overlay in longitudinal section,

Fig. 11

a ceiling support overlay in cross section,

Fig. 12

a connection post / filler plate, and

Fig. 13

a connection mullion / transom.

In the Fig. 1 shown view shows a bottom plate 9, which is made on a foundation insulation 34 either as a finished plate or cast on site as a concrete slab. Previously, all the property connections for gas, water, electricity, etc. were made.

The production of the base plate and the supply and disposal connections is made in particular by the supplier of the building system.

On the bottom plate 9, a bottom bolt 36 is first placed. The revolving bottom bar 36 forms the underside of the walls and surrounds the screed 18. In the vertical direction 36 posts 14 are erected on the revolving bottom bolt, which are at a fixed lateral distance from each other. In one embodiment, the grid spacing is 1.25 m, so that with 4 posts in the transverse direction and 5 posts in the longitudinal direction, the total length of the building is 5 m and the width is 3.75 m.

Between the posts 14 filling plates 10, 11 are used, which are designed as typed finished elements with a width of about 1.13 m and a height of about 78 cm. The filler plates consist of an outer cover plate 16, an inner cover plate 17 and an interposed insulation 15, as will be explained in detail below.

The building also contains windows / doors 12, 13 and an entrance door 20, the width of which also corresponds to the spacing between two posts. The details 1, 2, 3 of Fig. 1 are explained in more detail in subsequent drawings.

Fig. 2 shows the building system in a vertical sectional view. The illustration shows the cross section of a wall with a latch 24 and a lower filling plate 19 and a arranged above the bolt 24 filling plate, the z. B. has twice the height of the lower filling plate 19. On the opposite side is the front door 20 at full height. The walls are covered by a Rähm 23, which carries the ceiling beams 26, which are composed of individual bars, between which also filler plates 22 are used as a ceiling. The gables 21 are supported on the Rähm.

Fig. 3 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of the building. The rafters 25 are based on the Rähm or a Fußpfette 40. The building contains opposite windows 12 and 13.

In Fig. 4 is a detailed view 1 off Fig. 1 shown. This view shows a post 14, which is designed as a T-shaped post with a web and a belt 28. On both sides of the bridge are filling plates 10, each consisting of a Inner cover plate 17, an outer cover plate 16, a peripheral frame rail 29 and intermediate insulation 15 are formed, wherein the filler plates are made as a rigid prefabricated typed units.

The filler plates 10 are inserted from the outside into the skeleton formed by posts and bars, wherein the inner cover plates 17 abut against the inside of the straps 28 of the post 14. Since the bars are made in accordance with T-shaped laminated wood products in the same cross-section as the post, the inner cover plates 17 abut each filler plate circumferentially against the inner sides of the straps 28. On the outside of the filling plates 10, the edges of the outer cover plates 16, which are slightly larger than the inner cover plates 17 formed overlap the webs of the posts 14 and latch 24. The connection of the filling plates 10 with the post 14 by fittings 30, which surround the edges of the Outer cover plates 16 with the bottom sides of the webs of the post 14 jammed. This makes it possible to create stable wall structures from relatively small-scale elements.

The upper edges 31 of the straps 28 of the posts 14 and bars 24 have such a distance from the surfaces of the inner decking 17 of the filling used in the skeleton construction filler plates 10 that can be built on the indoor deck installations, which are then covered by cover plates, such. As plasterboard, can be covered, which are attached to the upper edges 31 of the straps 28. This results in smooth internal structures inside the building, without installations, such as cables or wires, disturbing the wall structures.

Fig. 5 shows a corner view of the building system. The corner post 32 is composed essentially of two T-shaped posts, wherein the two offset by 90 ° webs each have a fitting 30 for connection to adjacent filling plates 10. In the corner training can be on the outside of a drop tube 33 insert.

Fig. 6 the structure of the underside of a wall in the region of a door 20. The bottom bar 36 rests on the bottom and bottom side provided with an insulation 34 base plate 9. The screed 18 forms the floor of the building. By means of a fitting 30, the door frame 37 can be secured to the bottom bolt 36.

Fig. 7 shows a post 14 which is connected on one side via the fitting 30 with a filling plate 10 and on the opposite side of the frame of a door or a window 13 is incorporated.

Fig. 8 shows a detail 5 Fig. 2 which shows the use of filling plates 22 in a ceiling grid formed from ceiling beams 26. A clamp is not required for this purpose.

Fig. 9 shows the application of filler plates on the Gurtrand 24 of a ceiling support 26. Two adjacent filler panels are each rotated by 180 ° in the vertical, so that outer cover plates 16 and inner panels 17 are alternately in a plane so that they adjoin the Deckenfüllplattenstoß 54 together and so the Forming a blanket.

Fig. 10 shows a ceiling support overlay in longitudinal section. On the Rähm 23, an edge bar 38 is arranged, above which the Fußpfette is arranged. On a shoulder of the Rähms 23, the ceiling support 26 is supported, which forms the first edge ceiling support of the building.

Fig. 11 shows the detail view 7 of Fig. 3 , On the Rähm 23 is edge of the edge beam 38, which contains on its inside a first part of a Hakenbeschages 41. The second part 42 of the hook fitting is attached to the ceiling support 26. The hook fittings have interlocking projections that can be connected by simply placing them together, but also can be easily solved again. The tensile forces that are transmitted via the hook fitting are absorbed by the recesses of the hook fitting. At the lower end of the roof there is a gutter 27.

Fig. 12 shows the connection of two filling plates with a post 14 by means of a known hardware in detail. Such a fitting is z. B. under the Designation ZL-H available from Stabalux. The filler plates abut with their inner cover plates 17 against the inside of the belt 43, which forms a unit of laminated wood with the web of the post 14. On the bottom side of the web there is a support strip 47 extending along the web with the inner seal 48 attached, so that the support strip 47 and the seal 48 extend between the bottom side of the web of the post 14 and the inner edges of the outer cover plates 16, the inner seal being easily compressible , On the outside of the abutting outer cover plates 16 is an outer seal 45 and an outer bar 46. Through the seals and strips a bolt in the form of a hanger bolt 49 is passed over which the outer bar 46 can be tightened by a nut 50 such that the outer cover plates 16 can be pressed over the seals 45 and 48 against the bottom side of the post 14. The compound of the outer cover plates 16 and the filler plates 10 with the posts or bars is therefore exclusively by clamping. The outer bar 46 can be covered for design reasons and to protect the nut 50 still with a cover 44.

The compound of the outer cover plates 16 with the bars takes place in the same manner as the compound of the outer cover plates 17 with the posts. Furthermore, the connection of windows and doors with this type of fittings takes place.

The connection between the posts and bars is done according to Fig. 13 about per se known sliding hardware, wherein a part 51 of such a sliding fitting is fixed to the side of a post 14 and the other complementary part 52 of the sliding fitting is fixed in a frontal recess of the bolt 24. A sliding fitting of this kind is z. B. also by the company Stabalux in the system ZL-H hegestellt. As a result, the bars can be connected by lateral insertion with the posts. About an adjusting screw 53, the connection can be put under tension. The connection of posts and bars is therefore also solvable. reference numeral 1 detailed view 29 frame strip 2 detailed view 30 fitting 3 detailed view 31 Top edge posts 4 detailed view 32 corner posts 5 detailed view 33 downspout 6 detailed view 34 Foundation insulation 7 detailed view 35 Cover plate 8th detailed view 36 floor bolt 9 baseplate 37 doorframe 10 panelboard 38 edge beam 11 panelboard 39 Deckenfüllelement 12 Door window 40 eave plate 13 Door window 41 Hook fog assembly 14 post 42 Hook fog assembly 15 insulation 43 belt 16 Outer cover plate 44 cover strip 17 Inside cover plate 45 outer seal 18 screed 46 outside bar 19 panelboard 47 supporting strip 20 door 48 inner seal 21 gable 49 hanger bolt 22 Deckenfüllplatte 50 mother 23 Rähm 51 Sliding blow-part 24 Deckenträgergurt 52 Sliding blow-part 25 rafter 53 screw 26 floor beams 54 Deckenfüllplattenstoß 27 downspout 28 Belt Post

Claims (14)

1. Building system, particularly a residential building, having a skeleton structure consisting of posts (14) and beams (24) which is erected on a base plate (9), wherein the bays of the skeleton are provided with standardised filler panels (10), windows (12) and doors (20), and wherein

   - the filler panels (10), which are of multilayer construction with an internal cover panel (17), an external cover panel (16) and frame strips (29) which extend between the internal cover panel (17) and the external cover panel (16) with insulation (15) enclosed between them, are arranged in a substantially aligned manner between the posts and beams;

   - the posts (14) or beams (24) are of T-shaped construction in cross-section, the height of their web corresponding to the overall thickness of the insulation (15) and internal cover panel (17) of the filler panels, and the flanges (43) of the T-shaped posts (14) or beams (24) project, at the edge, above those internal cover panels (17) of the filler panels (10) which abut against them;

   - the particular outer edge of the external cover panel (16) of a filler panel (10) at least partially overlaps the adjoining posts (14) or beams (24);

   - connecting means (30), which are constructed as detachable metal fittings, are provided for connecting the posts (14) and beams (24) to the filler panels (10) arranged in the bays of the skeleton, said connecting means (30) clamping those regions of the external cover panel (16) which overlap the posts (14) or beams (24) to said posts (14) or beams (24); and the building system is constructed so as to be capable of being dismantled.
2. Building system according to Claim 1, characterised in that there are arranged, on the upper edge (31) of the flanges (43), pre-wall panels which mask the filler panels (10) and which are fastened to said flanges (43) of the posts (14) or beams (24) at a distance from the internal cover panel (17) that corresponds to the thickness of the flange, for the purpose of forming an installation space.
3. Building system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the walls of the building are erected on a base beam (36) on a base plate (9), which base beam is formed from beams (24).
4. Building system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the walls of the building are covered, on their upper side, with a top plate (23) which is formed from interconnected beams and on which ceiling joists (26) rest.
5. Building system according to Claim 4, characterised in that the ends of the ceiling joists (26) at the end faces are connected to the top plate (23) on the longitudinal side via hooked metal fittings (41, 42) which engage in one another.
6. Building system according to Claim 5, characterised in that the top plate (23) is formed from horizontally extending beams with edge beams (38) arranged thereon on the outer side of the wall, a first part (41) of the hooked metal fitting being fastened, in each case, to the inner side of the edge beams (38), and a second part (42) of said hooked metal fitting being fastened, in each case, to the end of the ceiling joist (26) which rests on the top plate (23).
7. Building system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the posts (14) and beams (24) are formed from glued wood.
8. Building system according to Claim 6, characterised in that the horizontally extending beams forming the top plate (23) and the edge beams arranged thereon are, in each case, formed as a unit from glued wood.
9. Building system according to Claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the spaces between the ceiling joists (23) are provided with filler panels (22).
10. Building system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the internal cover panels (17) and the external cover panels (16) of the filler panels (10) are formed from panels which are open to vapour diffusion.
11. Building system according to Claim 1, characterised in that glass panels which fill up the bays of the skeleton are used instead of some of the filler panels used in bays of the skeleton.
12. Building system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the posts (14) and beams (24) are connected via sliding metal fittings (52) which are fastened to the beams (24) at the end faces and are concealed on the outer side and which can be pushed into corresponding metal fittings (51) on the posts (14).
13. Building system according to Claim 1 or 12, characterised in that the detachable metal fittings (30) clamp in the outer edges of two adjacent external cover panels (16) or glass panels between a supporting strip (47), which covers the base side of the webs of the posts (14) or beams (24) and is provided with an inner seal (48), and an external outer strip (46) which is provided with an outer seal (45), the said clamping taking place by means of a threaded bolt (49) which is passed through the outer strip (46) and the supporting strip (47) and is anchored in the respective post or beam.
14. Building system according to Claim 13, characterised in that the outer strip (46) is masked with the aid of a masking strip (44).

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