EP1207238A2 - Prefabricated cell-like units for the construction of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The room cell (1) preferably of concrete has on its underneath several downwardly protruding projections (1a) and/or on its upper side several upwardly protruding projections. The rebate (54) formed in the base and ceiling plates contain the horizontally aligned supply pipes (55) and a large-surface insulation (56). The pipes can be connected to adjoining building areas. The base plate or ceiling plate can be cast onto the insulation and onto the pipelines or their holders. The insulation can serve as the supports for the pipelines

Description

The invention relates to a prefabricated portable room cell, in particular from Concrete consisting of a floor slab, a ceiling slab and side walls in monolithic Composite exists, with several room cells to form a multi-storey The building must be stacked on top of one another and connected to one another if necessary, laterally plate elements or similar spatial cells for formation additional building areas can be added.

Such a room cell is known from utility model 81 19 390. there a beam is provided on the outside of the ceiling tile without a wall panel, which is suitable through projections or openings, loads from neighboring Take up room cells. With this support, the one to be installed Space cell not have such a high stability and can therefore weaker and cheaper to produce. However, the problem remains that this well-known room cell is a pure shell part, in which all finishing work still has to be done on site. As is well known, this is associated with considerable effort, especially since the Space cell made of concrete for static reasons.

The present invention is based on the finding that the creation of Buildings will be significantly improved and at the same time less expensive if the essential parts of the usual installation work already in the factory Prefabrication of the room cell can be integrated. Hence the task of the present invention in that the known space cells improve the extent of prefabrication, especially with regard to installation work, can be increased significantly.

This task is essentially solved by two measures. To the one in that the space cell on its underside several projecting downwards Protrusions and / or a plurality of protruding protrusions on their top has and that the thereby formed in stacked room cells Return of the base plate or the ceiling plate of supply and disposal lines for horizontal distribution and if necessary for connection neighboring building areas and large-scale insulation contains.

According to the invention, there will be a bottom or top of the room cell horizontally extending space created for the installation of the sanitary, Electrical and other media lines are available. Otherwise, this will Space used for insulation to heat and space adjacent cells to separate or decouple them acoustically, in particular one Bring about cavity damping. In addition, the insulation is used as a carrier used for the media lines.

The pipe installation as well as the insulation are to be cast in the Formwork serving formwork expediently before concreting the Space cell made, so that automatically the desired connection with the concrete. If necessary, the lines can already do so Have connecting parts on the top of the base plate or on the bottom the ceiling plate open.

With regard to the projections mentioned for the formation of the desired space it is most convenient to have these protrusions by one on the outside To form the edge of the base plate or the ceiling plate surrounding frame, the can possibly be interrupted locally for the passage of lines. On Such a frame has the additional advantage that the space cell is stiffened becomes; the base plate then only needs a wall thickness of about 7 cm, the Ceiling plate of about 6 cm. In addition, there is a larger footprint than with single projections ..

The other measure according to the invention is that the room cell on the inside on a defined wall area from the floor slab to the ceiling slab has running pretext shell with the said wall area forms a continuous installation channel closed in the circumferential direction. This installation channel is already used in the prefabrication, in particular before concreting the room cell - with all required supply and disposal lines equipped, in a precisely defined position, so that the Cables cross the floor and ceiling slab - appropriately concreted in here are - and with stacked room cells aligned and only need to be connected by fasteners.

When using both of the above measures, you get a room cell, which already have all horizontal and vertical supply and disposal lines contains, so that only a minimum of connection work on the construction site is required.

It is particularly useful if the lines laid in the installation duct in the recess mentioned at the beginning below the base plate or above of the ceiling plate, because there is free space available to them with the corresponding lines of the one below or one above Connect the room cell.

It is also recommended that the cables laid in the installation duct are already in place as part of the prefabrication with the below the base plate or above cables laid for ceiling distribution are connected for horizontal distribution. This allows the room cell with the entire installation to be prefabricated.

An expedient development of the invention consists in sharing the spatial cell to be concreted with stairs so that they are due to the room cell their given load capacity together with those stacked below or above Room cells form a supporting column that runs from the basement to the roof and acts as a stability core for the entire building. This allows the laterally adjoining panel elements or room cells with a lower load-bearing capacity and are manufactured accordingly more cost-effectively.

It is particularly favorable for realizing the stability core mentioned to connect stacked room cells so that not only lateral forces, but also tensile forces can be absorbed. This can be done through a positive fit Connection via plug elements. Likewise or in addition the room cells but also by clamping elements effective in the vertical direction against each other, for example by means of traction from the basement go through to the attic.

Come for the connection of laterally adjacent plate elements or the like Tongue and groove connections, screw connections and the like into consideration. As far as it concerns ceiling or floor slabs, are appropriate Protrusions or support pockets provided on the parts to be connected to to achieve support on the room cell. In these pockets are useful the connections for the horizontally laid supply and disposal lines intended.

Figur 1 -

die Ansicht einer Etage eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes in Explosionsdarstellung;

Figur 2 -

die Ansicht eines Gebäudes mit mehreren Etagen;

Figur 3 -

die Einzelelemente von zwischen aufeinander gestapelten Raumzellen vorgesehenen Steckelementen;

Figur 4 -

die Seitenansicht einer Auflagestelle für die Steckelemente;

Figur 5 -

die Draufsicht auf die Verbindung eines Wandelementes an eine Raumzelle;

Figur 6 -

eine Seitenansicht der Verbindung gemäß Figur 5;

Figur 7 -

die Schnittansicht durch eine Verbindungsstelle zwischen zwei Deckenelementen;

Figur 8 -

die Draufsicht auf eine Verbindungsstelle gemäß Figur 7;

Figur 9 -

die Schnittansicht durch einen Deckenstoß neben Deckenelementverbindungsstellen gemäß Figuren 7 oder 8;

Figur 10 -

die Lagerung eines Dachelementes am oberen Ende eines Gebäudes;

Figur 11 -

einen Vertikalschnitt durch mehrere aufeinander gestapelte Raumzellen im Bereich ihres Installationskanales;

Figur 12 -

einen vergrößerten Horizontalschnitt durch eine Raumzelle im Bereich des Installationskanals;

Figur 13 -

einen ähnlichen Vertikalschnitt wie Figur 11, jedoch vergrößert und mit einer Anschluss-Bodenplatte bzw. -deckenplatte.

Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments and the drawings. It shows

Figure 1 -

the view of a floor of a building according to the invention in an exploded view;

Figure 2 -

the view of a building with several floors;

Figure 3 -

the individual elements of plug-in elements provided between stacked-up space cells;

Figure 4 -

the side view of a support point for the plug elements;

Figure 5 -

the top view of the connection of a wall element to a room cell;

Figure 6 -

a side view of the connection of Figure 5;

Figure 7 -

the sectional view through a connection point between two ceiling elements;

Figure 8 -

the top view of a connection point according to Figure 7;

Figure 9 -

the sectional view through a ceiling joint next to ceiling element connection points according to Figures 7 or 8;

Figure 10 -

the storage of a roof element at the top of a building;

Figure 11 -

a vertical section through several stacked room cells in the area of their installation channel;

Figure 12 -

an enlarged horizontal section through a room cell in the area of the installation duct;

Figure 13 -

a similar vertical section as Figure 11, but enlarged and with a connection base plate or ceiling plate.

1 shows a floor of a building according to the invention in an exploded view. One recognizes a monolithically designed room cell 1. This is essentially made up of six individual surfaces, namely four Walls and a floor and a ceiling. It is possible to have window openings in the walls 2 or through openings 3 provided as long as ensured is that the stability of the room cell as a whole is not at risk.

In the same way, openings 4 for one in the ceiling or in the floor A flight of stairs should be provided, which is expediently concreted together with the room cell to increase their stability.

It is also possible with an appropriately monolithic cell a section for a stairwell within a multi-story building provided. This staircase, which in particular because of the at least three sidewalls supported stair pedestal torsionally rigid can be combined directly with a section of an elevator shaft, that should run next to the stairwell. As indicated, it takes over in particular the stairwell the task of creating overall structures torsionally rigid. In this context it would also be conceivable to combine a corresponding elevator shaft section with a technical room, as is usually the case in multi-storey buildings Proximity of the elevator shaft is provided, and in which then, in particular branches, distributors etc. are provided for several apartments within one floor are.

It is essential that the dimensions of the individual, torsionally rigid room cells within dimensions of the order of 3 x 7 m, so that they can be transported on trucks without major problems.

On such, so that a core of stability within a building According to FIG. 1, spatial cells are directly closed by a vertically aligned plate element for a side wall 5 and a further vertically aligned plate element, that forms an end wall 6 of a building. These plate elements 5 or 6 are just like the counter wall 7 or Rear wall 8 is relatively light, since it is only its own weight and vertically must bear the forces that are on them. A cross stabilization with these four walls 5 to 8 of enclosed space is through the room cell 1.

The space formed by the plate elements 5 to 8 as walls becomes upwards Completed with horizontally lying panel elements, the ceilings or floors 9 form. These ceilings or floors are each on at least two sides supported on appropriate wall elements. That's why they all have only a uniform thickness of approx. 16 cm, which is their prefabrication in the precast concrete plant facilitated. These ceiling elements are attached to special support pockets supported the room cell 1 so that they absorb tensile and compressive forces in particular can and thus support the wall elements 5 to 8 and acting on them Can derive horizontal forces on the room cell 1.

The special support pockets also have the (not shown here) Possibility of providing connections with which supply lines lead into the ceiling elements can be connected, be it for heating, electricity or other lines within a house.

Until the ceiling / floor elements are installed, the wall elements 5 to 8 coupled with each other and with the room cell 1 via tongue and groove connections, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. Essentially, one Such a tongue and groove connection on the room cell 1 is a vertical one Spring 26 provided in a corresponding groove 27 on the narrow side the wall 5 engages. Such a tongue and groove connection ensures one dry, d. H. mortar-free connection. If necessary, these connections be equipped with (not shown) swelling tapes in addition to fire protection also perform sealing functions. These tongue and groove connections are secured by a screw connection 28, which is approximately in the upper third of the Butt joint between the plate elements 5 and the room cell 1 or the wall elements is appropriate. Such fittings 28, their position in the Figure 2 is clearly visible, is shown in more detail in Figures 5 and 6.

A threaded bushing 29 is provided in the room cell 1 for this screw connection, which is held firmly in the concrete material of the room cell 1 via an anchor 30. A screw 31 is screwed into this threaded bushing 29, which thereby a hole in an angle plate 32 runs. This angle plate 32 is one Conventional reinforcement loop 33 firmly connected to the side wall 5. So that will by tightening the screw 31, the side wall 5 with its groove 27 firmly against the spring 26 pulled on the room cell 1. The area in which the screw 31 lies in front of the angle plate 32, is located in a recess 34 in the side wall 5. After the screw 31 is screwed firmly into the threaded bushing 29 is, this recess 34 is plastered, so that the screw 28 in the finished Building is no longer recognizable.

It should also be noted here that the groove 26 is interrupted in the area of the screw connection 28 is a particularly firm coupling of the wall in this area 5 to enable room cell 1.

The same tongue and groove connections can also be found at the contact points between individual ceiling elements. This is shown in FIG. 9.

It can be seen here that with two abutting ceiling elements 9 one is provided with a groove 35, while the other ceiling element is a corresponding one Spring 36 has. On the lower edge of the butt joint between the individual plate elements 9, a plastering joint 37 is formed.

In certain sections along the abutting edge between neighboring ceiling elements 9 is a screw connection between such adjacent ceiling elements provided, as shown in Figures 7 and 8. Here are in each ceiling element 9 angle plates 38 are provided, the corresponding Reinforcement loops 39 are firmly integrated in the ceiling elements 9. The angle plates 38 of adjacent ceiling elements 9 are in opposite one another Pockets 40 are provided so that they have no major problems Screw-nut connection 41 are to be coupled together. After this Screw-nut connection 41 is firmly locked, the pockets 40 are filled, so that the coupling of ceiling elements to one another is ultimately completely inconspicuous he follows.

It is now essential that, in the case of a proposed building, also if necessary a plurality of room cells 1 can be stacked on top of one another, as shown in FIG. 2 is shown. Such spatial cells are absorbing shear force in particular Plug elements 42 connected, the exact positioning of each Enable spatial cells on top of each other.

Such plug-in elements 42 are shown in detail in FIG. 3: It can be seen two substantially square sockets 11, 12 on the lower edges of room cell walls can be inserted into these. About welded to the sockets Anchor plates 13 is an intimate connection of the sockets with the Concrete of the room cell walls guaranteed.

The sockets 11, 12 are assigned on the upper edge of the lower-lying space cells Plugs 14, 15. These plugs engage in the sockets 11 and thus align the superimposed spatial cells against each other.

The plugs are provided with appropriate alignment elements. In which The connector 14 shown is the alignment element 16 with a total of four contact surfaces 17 provided, which fit precisely into the square socket 11. This Contact surfaces are provided with bevels 18 at their upper end.

The second connector 15 is only with two contact surfaces 19 on its alignment element 20 provided. With their distance they fill the socket assigned to them 12 only in the transverse direction and thus cause when the socket 12 is placed their alignment and thus also the alignment of the attached room cell. The Alignment element 20 has a smaller distance with its flat sides 21 than the corresponding width of the socket 12. So that the connector 15 is within the Bushing 12 is longitudinally displaceable and can therefore easily compensate if necessary guarantee of dimensional inaccuracies.

In the figure 4 is still a device for supporting a connector shown. A sheet 23 rests on the upper edge of the room cell 22, which is provided with a threaded bush 24. In this threaded bushing can Transport a room cell 1, a hook can be screwed in, then on the Construction site is removed. In order to be able to absorb the tensile forces that occur, is the threaded bushing 24 fixed over a sleeve rod 25 in the wall of the Integrated cell 1. After setting down room cell 1 at its destination and removing the hook (not shown) from the threaded bush 24 then placed on the top of the sheet 23 a connector 14 or 15, these engage with the screws 43 guided centrally on them into the bushing 24.

Only the lowest room cell is aligned in the vertical direction by it is placed in a mortar bed. The stacked on the lowest room cell Additional room cells are located due to the precise manufacture of the individual room cell elements then exactly vertically one above the other.

Space cells stacked on top of one another form over due to their connection the plug-in elements within the building have a stability core, the arrangement this stability core on an outside corner of the building still has the advantage entails a particularly effective stabilization via this stability core of the building in several directions.

It is also essential that the space cells are precisely stacked on top of each other are, an installation channel 10 is provided, which due to the precise Alignment of individual room elements is ideally suited to in it To route cables of all kinds through different floors.

It can also be seen in FIG. 10 that, on the uppermost floor ceiling 44 circumferential upstands 45, 46 are provided on the outer edge. In this will a roof structure 47 is inserted, which supports the roof covering 49 via longitudinal beams 48. The floor slab 44 guides vertical forces from the superimposed roof structure into from a building wall 50, which is provided with insulation 51 placed in front of it. Horizontal forces according to arrow 52 direct the floor element 44 to one corresponding space cell 1, not shown here, via which this Forces can then be reduced accordingly.

FIG. 11 shows several identical room cells 1 which are stacked on top of one another in alignment are. However, the spatial cells do not stand on each other over the whole area but have them at its lower edge protruding projections 1a in the form of a circumferential Frame. With this frame, each room cell stands on the one below it Space cell. This forms the base plate 9a of the upper room cell a recess 54 opposite the ceiling plate 9b of the one below Space cell. The resulting space between the two room cells becomes used for the installation of supply and disposal lines to the installation lines distribute horizontally, and not just for the one shown Room cell itself, but also for neighboring building areas.

For example, a water pipe 55 is shown in FIG. 11; it can be the same these are empty pipes, electrical lines or other. critical is that the shape of the room cells means that there is free space for laying offer lines for horizontal distribution.

Furthermore, it can be seen in FIG. 11 that the one formed by the recess 54 Gap, as far as it is not traversed by cables, with insulating material 56 is completed. This insulating material is used for sound and heat insulation. It is also preferably used to fix the lines 55, For example, by gluing the cables into recesses in the insulation.

It is obvious that the space between the stacked Space cells can also be brought about by not using the floor slab shifted upwards, but the ceiling tile is shifted downwards. To the room cell shown only needs to be placed upside down. Therefore is the characteristic of claim 1 on both alternatives, as well as on the combination both measures directed.

The adjacent floor slab or ceiling slab of the room cell is attached to the Insulation and, if necessary, also to the holding means of the supply and disposal lines cast on, so that no additional assembly measures are necessary are. At the same time, there is no need for subsequent breakthroughs for the side emerging lines as shown at reference number 57. The line must be there only have a connecting sleeve or the like to connect to produce adjacent line.

It is also essential in FIG. 1 that each spatial cell has an integrated vertical Installation channel 10 has. This installation channel lies on a defined one Position on the inside of the room cell, especially at a corner, like shown in the enlarged detail according to FIG. In this case the Installation channel formed by an L-shaped pre-wall shell 60, whereas otherwise a pretext shell with a U-shaped cross-section would be used. But it is also possible, the pretext shell 60 between two opposite walls to arrange the room cell so that you can get by with a flat wall plate.

It is also important that the front shell 60 as a support for the vertical Installation duct 10 to be laid lines is used. in the Embodiment is shown only a sewage pipe 61, the holding means 62 is attached to the wall pan 60. The same applies to the other, not shown Cables.

The pretext shell 60 is with all those running in the installation channel 10 pipes, which later cast through floor and ceiling panels, were prefabricated and then positioned in the formwork intended for casting the room cell. It then automatically connects when the room cell is concreted this, which is still useful by holding pins 63, brackets or the like that the Cross the joint between the two parts, is supported.

Before or after concreting the room cell, those in the installation duct 10 If necessary, laid cables with those already laid in recess 54 Lines 55 connected. This gives you prefabricated room cells that not only the vertical supply and disposal lines ready for connection included, but also the horizontal distribution lines. The connection between the lines mentioned is easily possible since the recess 54 is easily accessible - if necessary, the insulation 56 must then be completed locally become.

So that the lines mentioned at the top and bottom as well as at the lateral outlet openings of the room cell with the corresponding connection lines can be connected, they are at their ends with special plug connections, clamping sleeves or the like.

FIG. 13 shows the connection of an adjacent floor or ceiling plate 70 a room cell 1. For this purpose, room cell 1 has several at its lower edge Recesses into which corresponding projections 70a of the plate 70 engage, and in such a way that the panel does not move from its adjacent room cell, but instead just as it is carried by the room cell underneath.

Figure 13 also shows that the room cells already have integrated underfloor heating by heating pipes 65 cast in concrete. These heating pipes can in the manner described above from the vertical lines in the Installation duct 10 branched off and horizontally into neighboring building areas to get redirected.

In summary, the spatial cell according to the invention is characterized by a unusually high degree of prefabrication and due to the achieved thereby Precision through optimal connection and connection options with the neighboring ones Components. The subsequent installation and assembly effort is drastically reduced.

Claims (18)

Prefabricated portable room cell (1), in particular made of concrete, which consists of a base plate (9a), a ceiling plate (9b) and side walls (5, 6, 7, 8) in a monolithic composite, with several room cells being stacked to form a multi-storey building and are to be connected to one another and, if necessary, panel elements (70) or similar room cells (1) can be attached to form further areas of the building,
characterized in that the space cell (1) has a plurality of downwardly projecting projections (1a) on its underside and / or a plurality of upwardly projecting projections on its top and that the recess (54) of the base plate (9a) or the ceiling plate formed thereby (9b) supply and disposal lines (55) for horizontal distribution and, if necessary, for connecting adjacent building areas and a large-area insulation (56) contains. Space cell according to claim 1,
characterized in that the base plate (9a) or the ceiling plate (9b) is cast on the insulation (56) and on the supply and disposal lines (55) or their holding means. Space cell according to claim 1,
characterized in that the insulation (56) serves as a carrier for the supply and disposal lines (55). Space cell according to claim 1,
characterized in that the projections (1a) are formed by a circumferential, possibly locally interrupted frame at the lower or upper edge of the room cell (1). Room cell with the features of the preamble of claim 1,
characterized in that, on the inside of a defined wall area, it has a front wall shell (60) which runs vertically from the base plate (9a) to the ceiling plate (9b) and which forms an installation channel (10) with said wall area such that this installation channel (10) Ver - Contains and disposal lines (61) in a defined position, such that the lines (61) pass through the floor and ceiling panels (9a, 9b) and can be connected to one another by connecting elements (61a) in the case of stacked room cells. Space cell according to claim 1 and claim 5,
characterized in that the lines (61) laid in the installation duct (10) open into the recess (64). Space cell according to claims 1 and 5,
characterized in that the lines (61) laid in the installation duct (10) are already connected during the prefabrication to the lines (55) laid below the base plate (9a) or above the ceiling plate (9b) for horizontal distribution. Space cell according to claim 1 or 5,
characterized by the fact that it is made of concrete and that stacked, aligned cells function as a supporting column for the building that runs from the basement to the roof. Space cell according to claim 1,
characterized in that stacked room cells (1) are connected by means of shear force-absorbing plug elements (42). Space cell according to claim 9,
characterized in that the plug-in elements (42) have train protection devices, via which they also absorb tensile forces. Space cell according to claim 1 or 5,
characterized in that the connection of stacked room cells (1) takes place by means of clamping elements which act in the vertical direction. Space cell according to claim 11,
characterized in that the tensioning elements are formed by traction means running from the basement to the top floor. Space cell according to claim 1,
characterized in that the room cell (1) is connected to wall-forming plate elements (5, 6) by tongue and groove connections (26, 27) and / or by a screw connection (28). Space cell according to claim 1,
characterized in that adjoining plate elements for forming ceilings or floors (9) are supported by support pockets on the room cell (1). Space cell according to claim 14,
characterized in that the support pockets have connections for the supply and disposal lines (55) laid under the base plate (9a) or above the cover plate (9b) of the room cell. Space cell according to claim 1 or claim 5,
characterized in that it is concreted together with the flight of stairs and the landing. Space cell according to claim 5,
characterized in that the facing shell (60) serves as a support for the lines (61) laid in the installation duct (10). Building of room cells (1) according to one or more of the preceding Expectations.

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