EP1828416A1 - Nukleins[ure-bidende chips zur detektion von phosphatmangelzust[nden im rahmen der bioprozesskontrolle - Google Patents
Nukleins[ure-bidende chips zur detektion von phosphatmangelzust[nden im rahmen der bioprozesskontrolleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1828416A1 EP1828416A1 EP05822552A EP05822552A EP1828416A1 EP 1828416 A1 EP1828416 A1 EP 1828416A1 EP 05822552 A EP05822552 A EP 05822552A EP 05822552 A EP05822552 A EP 05822552A EP 1828416 A1 EP1828416 A1 EP 1828416A1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
- C12Q1/689—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
Definitions
- the present invention relates to nucleic acid-binding chips for monitoring bioprocesses with a special focus on the detection of phosphate deficiency states and to the use of corresponding gene probes, in particular on such chips, or methods and applications based on such probes and chips.
- biological processes are meant, for example, the culture of microorganisms on an agar plate or in shaking culture, but in particular their fermentation, or the extraction of raw materials via the fermentation of microorganisms.
- unicellular eukaryotes such as yeasts or streptomycetes, as well as what gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria.
- the monitoring of such processes is done on the one hand by observing the changing properties and requirements of the organisms under consideration during the process, which is reflected, for example, in the optical density and viscosity of the medium, in absorbed or emitted gases, in changes in the pH or changing nutrient needs.
- proteome analysis that is, the consideration of the change in the equipment of the cells in question with proteins, which usually takes place via 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the cell lysates
- analysis of the mRNA formed (transcriptome) via a analogously created "genomic DNA array” and (3.) the chip technology.
- chip technology is based on the principle of attaching probes for proteins or nucleic acids to physically readable carriers (chips) that directly depend on the presence of the proteins involved , or address nucleic acids.
- chips physically readable carriers
- Another advantage is the need for comparatively small sample quantities.
- the protein-specific chips may be disregarded.
- mRNA-recognizing chips are usually doped with complementary DNA molecules or DNA analogs. Their preparation and use for very detailed questions such as the differentiation of point mutations is described for example in the application WO 95/11995 A1.
- DNA chip Analyzes there are those with a PCR amplification of the target sequence and those without amplification. Furthermore, there are those with optical evaluation of the attributable to the detection signals and those with electrical evaluation.
- the biological problem arises, which selection of gene activities maps the considered process in a suitable way.
- This also includes the monitoring of product formation, if it is for example a fermentative product production.
- control genes should also be included which indicate when the process is developing in a direction that is not intended. In the course of this monitoring, for reasons of practicability, a not too high number of different genes should be observed.
- the stress genes are compared to degP, uvrB, alpA, mltB, recA, ftsH, ibpA, aceA and groEL under the conditions of high cell density By reaction intensity, they clustered among themselves into certain clusters, and this was determined by an RT-PCR and DNA microarray-based and dot-blot added approach, which was run on samples from two time points Fermentation was applied just at the beginning at low cell density and towards the end at high cell density, from which "cell conditioning" approaches were developed to assess the stress response to degrade the cells.
- the genes used for the purine and the pyrimidine synthesis as well as the specific ribosomal proteins are expressed more strongly in gram-positive bacteria used for overexpression than could be expected on the basis of the findings on Gram-negative bacteria.
- Another difference concerns the proteases Lon and CIp.
- nucleic acid-binding chips with individual of these genes are now disclosed in several publications, or at least demonstrated the possibility of their production.
- the two patent applications DE 10136987 A1 and DE 10108841 A1 each disclose a gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum, namely clpC or citB. Both genes are described as relevant to amino acid metabolism, which is why a commercially interesting use of these genes is to inactivate or at least mitigate them in order to optimize the fermentative production of amino acids by this microorganism. Further applications according to these applications may be to provide probes for the relevant gene products on nucleic acid-binding chips.
- the application WO 2004/027092 A2 provides a representative cross-section with a manageable number of genes in order to identify various physiological states which an observed microorganism can undergo in the course of the cultivation. These included, for example, starvation of various nutrients or stress situations such as heat or cold shock, shear stress, oxidative stress or oxygen limitation.
- genes acoA, ahpC, ahpF, citB, clpC, cIpP, codY, cspA, cspB, des, dnaK, eno, glnR, groEL, groL, gsiB, ibpA, ibpB, katA, katE, IctP , Idh, opuAB, phoA, phoD, pstS, purC, purN, pyrB, pyrP, sigB, tnrA, trxA and ydjF.
- the associated DNA sequences from B. subtilis, E. coli and / or B.
- nucleic acid-binding chips which, when monitoring a bioprocess based on microorganisms, in particular Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, indicate changes in the metabolic activities characterizing this process.
- Nucleic acid-binding chips which are based on this selection of genes, provide a certain, but rather rough, overview of the respective metabolic situation. As a rule, they are unable to shed light on a single subproblem; however, a single positive signal may result from different situations or even be false-positive, which is why it often makes sense - and especially in such an unclear situation - to analyze a selected metabolic aspect separately.
- electrically readable nucleic acid-binding chips which have the advantage of a timely analysis, the number of simultaneously assignable sites is limited, so that additional gene probes can not simply be applied to detect additional, specific metabolic situations.
- the application DE 10012283 A1 discloses a useful application of the inducibility of genes by phosphate deficiency.
- the promoters of the genes pstS, phoD, phoB or glpQ from ß. suhtilis is used to regulate transgenes to be activated for heterologous gene expression by gram-positive host bacteria.
- the PhoP PhoR regulation system from 6. subtilis must be made available at the same time in order to activate the relevant promoters.
- a phosphate deficiency should be artificially induced in order to achieve via PhoP and PhoR to induce the chosen promoter.
- phosphate deficiency is a metabolic situation that can be critical for microorganisms and thus limiting for a corresponding bioprocess.
- nucleotidase whose homologue has an unchanged expression level in E. coli
- ferritin-like protein and a probable extracellular nuclease NucH whose Expression levels, for example, at ß. licheniformis are not significantly elevated (data not shown).
- the approach chosen for the present invention is to make as representative as possible a selection of a whole series of genes, wherein not all, according to the invention but several probes in the respective observed organism signals.
- those genes should be excluded which also give strong or even stronger signals in other metabolic situations than in the phosphate deficiency.
- the task was to identify genes that can be brought as clearly as possible in organisms, in particular microorganisms with the stress signal of phosphate deficiency in combination.
- the aim was to develop probes for these genes in order to be able to use them for the monitoring of corresponding bioprocesses.
- nucleic acid-binding chips with gene probes for single or several of these genes and thereby to obtain nucleic acid-binding chips which reliably indicate the signal "phosphate deficiency" in the course of a monitored bioprocess (phosphate deficiency sensors)
- genes should be all the more suitable as indicators the stronger this response is. According to the invention, therefore, such genes are selected as phosphate deficiency indicators, which give a clear, significantly above a certain threshold signal lying. The further the result is, the more they are preferred according to the invention, which explains a corresponding staggering with regard to preferred aspects of the invention. At the same time, those genes have been removed that have also produced strong or even stronger signals in situations other than phosphate deficiency (data not shown).
- yvnA similar to proteins from S. subtilis; SEQ ID NO: 77, 78;
- pstS phosphate ABC transporter / binding protein; SEQ ID NO: 47, 48); phoD (phosphodiesterase / alkaline phosphatase; SEQ ID NO: 23, 24);
- cypX cytochrome P450-like enzyme
- Homolog to dhaS (homolog to aldehyde dehydrogenase DhaS; SEQ ID Nos. 17, 18);
- pstBA phosphate ABC transporter PstBA; SEQ ID NO: 87, 88;
- yfmQ (unknown function, SEQ ID NOs: 69, 70);
- pstC phosphate ABC transporter / permease; SEQ ID NO: 91, 92;
- yfkN (similar to 2 ', 3'-cyclo-nucleotide-2'-phosphodiesterase; SEQ ID NO: 11, 12);
- gdh glucose-1-dehydrogenase
- D alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase
- spolllAF sporulation factor III AF, SEQ ID NO: 79, 80
- spoll AB anti-sigma F factor / phase II sporulation protein AB, SEQ ID Nos. 37, 38;
- spollAA anti-sigma F-factor antagonist / phase II sporulation protein AA, SEQ ID NOs 35, 36;
- pstA phosphate ABC transporter / permease; SEQ ID NO: 85, 86;
- spolIGA sporulation factor II GA, SEQ ID NO: 41, 42
- ctaC cytochrome CAAS oxidase / subunit II; SEQ ID NO: 5, 6;
- tatCD component of the twin arginine translocation pathway, SEQ ID NOs 25, 26;
- yhcR (similar to ⁇ 'nucleotidase; SEQ ID NO 13, 14).
- a solution to the problem consists of a nucleic acid-binding chip doped with probes for at least three of the following 47 genes: yhcR, tatCD, ctaC, gene for a presumptive acetoin reductase (homolog to SEQ ID NO. 53), spolIGA, nasE , pstA, spollAA, gene for a hypothetical protein (homologue to SEQ ID NO. 65), yhbD, cotE, conserved hypothetical protein gene (homologue to SEQ ID NO.
- RNA or its derivative Upon hybridization (sandwich labeling) of a prepared RNA or its derivative with the homologous (congruent with respect to their sequence) provided on the chip probe (target nucleic acid, for example, target DNA or target nucleic acid analogue) results in a corresponding optically or electronically evaluable signal.
- target nucleic acid for example, target DNA or target nucleic acid analogue
- the strength of the hybridization signal over a certain - in individual cases optionally to be optimized - range is proportional to the number of specific at the time of sampling in the sample specific mRNA. In this way, the strength of the signal is a direct measure of the activity of the gene in question at the time of sampling.
- the time interval between sampling and measurement should be kept as short as possible, for example via a largely automated sampling, their processing and management via / through the sensor.
- a probe according to the invention is usually a compound which is capable of binding mRNA molecules or nucleic acids derived therefrom via hydrogen bonds, as for example also in the interaction of the two strands of a DNA or of the DNA RNA Interaction takes place.
- This may be, for example, a DNA which is more stable to hydrolysis than RNA.
- nucleic acid analog probes characterize preferred embodiments of the present application (see below).
- the specific probes in question would be to synthesize, for example, according to the model of the sequence listing associated with this application. This is in contrast to the aspect that chips according to the invention should advantageously be usable several times, in particular during a single observed process in the course of which continuous monitoring is desirable.
- the degree of homology between the probe provided and the mRNA or the nucleic acid derived therefrom, which is to be detected by hybridization is limiting for the usefulness of a probe.
- the degree of hybridization of the probe with the mRNA to be detected decides on its usefulness as a probe and must be experimentally optimized in individual cases and / or taken into account by adjusting the signal evaluation.
- Example 1 As shown in Example 1, numerous different gene transcripts, that is to say mRNA molecules, were investigated, in particular those of which participation in the phosphate metabolism was generally known. These mRNA molecules were isolated at different times during the transition from B. licheniformis DSM 13 to a phosphate deficient state. Example 1 also describes how the concentration increase of this mRNA inside the cell of B. licheniformis was determined experimentally. Alternative determination possibilities for this may be established in the prior art; decisive for the understanding of the present invention is the compilation in Table 1 (Example 2). It shows the concentration changes associated with the transition for a total of 235 mRNAs.
- the following threshold values for the ratio of the RNA amount of the respective gene to the control value were considered significant: According to the invention, the genes whose RNA has a ratio of> 3 (ie at least one tripling) are considered induced; a clear induction is present at a ratio of>10; clearly repressed are genes with an RNA ratio ⁇ 0.3 (that is, a lowering to less than 30%). In the 235 genes listed in Table 1, at least one tripling was observed at any of the time points in question.
- licheniformis DSM 13 is generally available from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1 b, 38124 Braunschweig (http://www.dsmz.de). He holds the accession number ATCC 14580 from the American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA (http://www.atcc.org).
- GenBank National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- homologs can be found in most species for most of the 47 genes mentioned, including in cyanobacteria, in eukaryotic cells such as fungi, or in gram-negative species such as E. coli or Klebsiella. This probability is even higher for Gram-positive bacteria, in particular the genus Bacillus, because B. licheniformis DSM 13, of which the sequences listed in the sequence listing are derived, is such a Gram-positive bacterium.
- the homologous genes are also increasingly subjected to the same or equivalent regulatory mechanisms; thus these homologues should also indicate the same metabolic situation, in particular a phosphate deficiency.
- B. licheniformis DSM 13 of which the sequences listed in the sequence listing are derived
- licheniformis is a horrinous organism, because the species S. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. lentus, B. globigii, which are likewise particularly important commercially, are also Bacilli and thus Gram-positive. This complies with the relevant aspect of the task.
- nucleic acid-binding chip In the production of a nucleic acid-binding chip according to the invention for an organism not mentioned here, the associated homologous genes must therefore be identified for at least some of the genes mentioned for B. licheniformis, for example by a comparison of those known for the organism concerned DNA sequences with the sequences given here. These or parts thereof (see below) can then serve as probes or as template for the synthesis of corresponding probes, which are applied to a nucleic acid-binding chip by methods known per se.
- the total number of all phosphate metabolism-specific different probes is not more than 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55 or 50.
- probes for other genes which are not discussed in the present application, and which serve for the control, for example those which are only expressed if there is sufficient phosphate supply.
- the disappearance of a signal due to this can also indicate the transition to the phosphate deficiency state. Should such a signal be preserved, this serves to control how reliable the signal of the phosphate deficiency to be determined according to the invention is.
- metabolism-specific probes may be, for example, those that are induced by an excess of phosphate, possibly also others that are apparently not directly related to the Phosphatstoff Touch, but can be defined as such due to this inducibility.
- such a chip also provides an evaluable information useful in the considered process, if the lack of phosphate has been overcome, for example, by taking appropriate countermeasures.
- nucleic acid-specific probes are usually only fragments of the complete genes (see below). In individual cases, for example in the case of regulation via splicing or large, polyfunctional polypeptides, it may therefore be useful to detect one and the same gene with two or more different probes. Thus, appropriate embodiments are optionally characterized by more than 47 probes, but which respond to no more than these 47 genes.
- the core of the invention lies precisely in the specificity of the respective chip, with which a special metabolic situation should be detected.
- Producing a chip with more than 100 probes responsive to different genes, or even a chip that mimics most of the genome of an organism, is not part of the invention described herein for such a specific problem because of the expense involved.
- both types of chips can be sensibly used side by side in an observed bioprocess:
- the chips with a large number of different gene probes or with a representative cross-section of various possibly relevant situations can be coarse
- a chip according to the invention is consulted for control, if there is cause for concern, the cells in question could enter into a phosphate deficiency state.
- it is a nucleic acid-binding chip according to the invention, which is increasingly preferably doped with the probes specified above in the order given there.
- the genes listed in Table 3 in reverse order.
- chips with probes to the gene yhcR similar to the 5'-nucleotidase; SEQ ID NO 13, 14
- SEQ ID NO 13 5'-nucleotidase
- those with a probe for the gene yvmC are most preferred for gene selection. Because this showed a nearly 150-fold induction compared to the initial level and thus the strongest of all genes. The signal associated with this should therefore be best suited to indicate the metabolic situation "phosphate deficiency" of all genes investigated.
- it is a nucleic acid-binding chip according to the invention, wherein at least three of the probes are selected from the following 39 genes: gene for a hypothetical protein (homolog to SEQ ID NO. 65), yhbD, cotE, gene for a preserved hypothetical protein (homologue to SEQ ID NO: 59), yur1, spoVID, gene for a putative aromatic-specific dioxygenase (homolog to SEQ ID NO: 55), yhbE, gene for a putative benzoate transport protein (homolog to SEQ ID NO 49), pstBB, spolllAH, gene for a hypothetical protein (homologue to SEQ ID NO: 63), spollQ, spolllAG, yvmA, gene for a putative ribonuclease (homologue to SEQ ID NO: 93), dhaS, yrbE, gene for a putative decarboxylase / dehydratas
- nucleic acid-binding chips wherein at least three of the probes are selected from the following 14 genes: yfkN, pstC, yfmQ, pstBA, homolog to dhaS (homolog to aldehyde dehydrogenase DhaS; homologue to SEQ ID NO: 17), gene for putative phosphatase (homolog to SEQ ID NO: 61), phy, cypX, as S, phoD, pstS , phoB, yvnA, yvmC.
- nucleic acid-binding chips wherein at least one, more preferably two or three, of the probes are / are selected from the following 3 genes: phoB, yvnA, yvmC.
- nucleic acid-binding chips according to the invention are at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26 28, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 47 of the probes mentioned in the present invention.
- the organism selected for the bioprocess is a representative of unicellular eukaryotes, Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.
- the unicellular eukaryotes are protozoa or fungi, including in particular yeast, very particularly Saccharomyces or Schizosaccharomyces.
- This object also includes chips according to the invention which are directed to the monitoring of the course, in particular of the growth of cell cultures of higher eukaryotes, for example of rodents or of humans. They may also be understood, in a sense, as at least largely unicellular eukaryotes, which have considerable commercial significance, in particular in immunology, for example for the production of monoclonal antibodies.
- Preferred embodiments of nucleic acid-binding chips according to the invention are those which are additionally doped with at least one probe for an additional gene, in particular one which is in a metabolic-related relationship to the gene (s) additionally expressed in terms of the process ), especially for one of them or this one.
- the observed processes serve a technical interest, often associated with other specific genes. This is, for example, in the case that a protein is to be produced to the gene for this protein and in the case that a low molecular weight compound is to be produced, by one or more gene products, which lie in the synthesis route of the compound in question or to regulate this.
- genes of the cell such as metabolic genes that must be increasingly formed in the course of product manufacture, such as a cell's own oxidoreductase, if the product is to be obtained from a starting material or an intermediate via oxidation or reduction.
- the additionally expressed gene for the process is that for a commercially useful protein, in particular an amylase, cellulase, lipase, oxidoreductase, hemicellulase or protease, or one which is synthesized for a low molecular weight chemical compound or at least partially regulated.
- bioprocesses especially fermentations, in which the said proteins are produced.
- bioprocesses especially fermentations, in which the said proteins are produced.
- These are commercially particularly important enzymes, which are used for example in the food industry or the detergent industry. In the latter case, in particular for the removal of soils which are hydrolyzable by amylases, cellulases, lipases, hemicellulases and / or proteases, for the treatment of concerned materials, in particular by cellulases or to provide a based on an oxidoreductase enzymatic bleaching system.
- the latter variant falls within the field of biotransformation, according to which certain metabolic activities of microorganisms, if introduced in addition, are exploited for the synthesis of chemical compounds.
- nucleic acid-binding chips according to the invention, one, preferably several, of the probes mentioned in connection with the invention described here is / are provided in the form of the single-stranded strand in the form of the codogenic strand.
- This embodiment aims to improve the hybridization between the probe and the sample to be detected. This applies in particular to the case where the content of the relevant mRNA is actually determined from the sample. Since this is single-stranded and in its sequence matches the coding strand of the DNA, an optimal hybridization should be done with the complementary, that is the codogenic strand.
- nucleic acid-binding chips according to the invention, one, preferably several, of the probes mentioned in connection with the invention described here is / are provided in the form of the single-stranded strand in the form of the codogenic strand.
- This embodiment aims to improve the hybridization between the probe and the sample to be detected. This applies in particular to the case where the content of the relevant mRNA is actually determined from the sample. Since this is single-stranded and in its sequence matches the coding strand of the DNA, an optimal hybridization should be done with the complementary, that is the codogenic strand.
- one, preferably more, of the probes called relevant to the invention is / are provided in the form of a DNA or a nucleic acid analog, preferably a nucleic acid analog.
- This embodiment aims to improve the durability and multiple use of the chips of the invention. This need arises, in particular, during a single observed process during which constant monitoring is desirable.
- the durability of chips according to the invention, in particular with respect to nucleic acid-hydrolyzing enzymes, is already increased by the provision of the probes in the form of a DNA, since this per se is less susceptible to hydrolysis than, for example, an RNA.
- the chip according to the invention should be used to detect the mRNA actually present in the observed cells, so that for the purpose under consideration only the gene segment that is actually translated into mRNA is of importance.
- introns occur, in particular in the case of eukaryotes, ie the coding region is interrupted by sections which are not translated into mRNA. Probes containing introns are therefore unlikely to respond poorly to the mRNA in question. To realize this aspect, it is advisable not to resort to genomic DNA sequences, but to cDNA sequences, that is, those obtained from the actual mRNA.
- hybridization over the entire length of the sequence is often unnecessary to detect mRNA.
- the specific probes therefore usually only need to comprise a smaller of the transcribed into mRNA gene. It is advantageous for this a selection of a region that is close to the 5 'end of the mRNA, since this is first transcribed into mRNA and thus is the first detectable after activation of the gene. This is contrary to a timely proof.
- one or more of the probes called relevant to the invention are / are responsive to fragments of the respective nucleic acids, in particular to those which have a low degree of secondary folding in the relevant mRNA, based on the respective total mRNA ,
- mRNA molecules are often present in a secondary structure, which is based on hybridization of individual mRNA regions with their own other areas. For example, it comes to loop or Stem-Ioop structures. However, such regions are generally less likely to hybridize to other nucleic acid molecules, even if they are homologous. Such areas can be calculated quite accurately from computer programs directed thereto (see below).
- one, preferably more, of the probes called relevant to the invention has a length of increasingly preferably less than 200, 150, 125 or 100 nucleotides, preferably from 20 to 60 nucleotides, particularly preferably from 45 to 55 nucleotides on.
- the probes used for the detection reaction need only to include parts of the mRNA to be detected, if the signal available on them is still specific enough. This specificity, the distinctness of different mRNA sets the lower limit for the length of the respective probes and must be determined experimentally if necessary in preliminary experiments.
- the identification of suitable probe lengths and regions is known per se to the person skilled in the art and is normally carried out with the aid of specialized software. Examples of such software are the programs array designer of the company. Premier Biosoft International, USA, and Vector NTI ® Suite, V. 7, available from InforMax, Inc., Bethesda, USA. In addition to the secondary structures already mentioned, these software programs also take into account, for example, given probe lengths and melting temperatures.
- the time from sampling to measuring the signal for optically analyzable chips is about 24 hours.
- the time required is currently less than 2 h (see Figure 1).
- the number of simultaneously analyzable samples in electrically analyzable chips is currently in the double digits, but a rapid development suggests that this magnitude can be exceeded soon. Limiting this are the electronic evaluation units for the various signals.
- a method for mRNA quantification established in the prior art is, for example, RT-PCT.
- This is described in the article "Quantification of Bacterial mRNA by One-Step RT-PCR Using the LightCycler System” (2003) by S.Tobisch, T Koburger, B. Jürgen, S. Léja, M. Hecker and T. Schweder in BIOCHEMICA, Volume 3, pages 5 to 8.
- the detection of electrical chips has another advantage, namely the higher reliability of the data these have significantly lower fluctuation ranges compared to the RT-PCR.
- a detection probe is introduced into the incubation chamber labeled with a biotin extravidin-linked alkaline phosphatase. This probe binds to a second free region of the hybridized mRNA. This hybrid is then washed again and incubated with the substrate of the alkaline phosphatase para-aminophenol phosphate (pAPP). The enzymatic reaction in the incubation chamber leads to the release of the redox-active product para-aminophenol (pAP). This is now passed over the Red / Ox electrode on the electrical chip and sent the signal to a potentiostat.
- System-specific software reads the data obtained and the results can be evaluated and displayed on another computer using another program (for example, Origin).
- the detection reaction can also be carried out by another, but preferably a redox reaction because of the electrical measuring principle.
- the advantage of chips Compared to conventional detection methods, in addition to gaining time and accuracy, with the provision of multiple probes on one support simultaneously in the same sample, the activities of several different genes can be detected and a more solid and detailed picture as described herein for a specific problem for example, the time at which a phosphate deficiency occurred.
- a separate subject of the invention is thus the simultaneous use of nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog probes for at least three of the following 47 genes: yhcR, tatCD, ctaC, gene for a presumptive acetoin reductase (homolog to SEQ ID NO.
- gene activities can in principle be determined in various ways, for example by Northern hybridization.
- the metabolic changes of an organism undergoing a biological process can be monitored promptly and, if necessary, intervened by regulatory means.
- nucleic acid-binding chips apply correspondingly to the uses of the probes described here.
- the total number of all phosphate metabolism-specific different probes does not exceed 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55 or 50, again including positive controls from the other phosphate metabolism.
- pstBB gene for a hypothetical protein (homologue to SEQ ID NO: 63), spollQ, spolllAG, yvmA, gene for a putative ribonuclease (homolog to SEQ ID NO: 93), dhaS, yrbE, gene for a presumptive decarboxylase / dehydratase (homolog to SEQ ID NO.
- yfkN preferably including at least three of the following genes: yfkN, pstC, yfmQ, pstBA, homolog to dhaS (homolog to aldehyde dehydrogenase DhaS, homologue to SEQ ID NO: 17), gene for a putative phosphatase (homolog to SEQ ID NO 61), phy, cypX, as S, phoD, pstS, phoB, yvnA, yvmC;
- the gram-negative bacteria being those of the genera E. coli or Klebsiella, in particular derivatives of Escherichia coli K12, Escherichia coli B or Klebsiella planticola, and whole especially derivatives of strains Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli RV308, E. coli DH5 ⁇ , E. coli JM109, E. coli XL-1 or Klebsiella planticola (Rf).
- E. coli or Klebsiella in particular derivatives of Escherichia coli K12, Escherichia coli B or Klebsiella planticola, and whole especially derivatives of strains Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli RV308, E. coli DH5 ⁇ , E. coli JM109, E. coli XL-1 or Klebsiella planticola (Rf).
- the low-molecular chemical compound is a natural substance, a food supplement or a pharmaceutically relevant compound.
- the protein is an enzyme, in particular one from the group of ⁇ -amylases, proteases, cellulases, lipases, oxidoreductases, peroxidases, laccases, oxidases and hemicellulases.
- nucleic acid-binding chips according to the invention, as described in detail above, for determining the physiological state of an organism passing through a biological process.
- nucleic acid-binding chips apply correspondingly to the uses described herein for determining the physiological state of an organism passing through a biological process.
- such uses according to the invention are preferred, wherein a change in the phosphate metabolism of the organism passing through the biological process is determined, preferably a phosphate deficient state.
- the organism selected for the bioprocess is a representative of unicellular eukaryotes, Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.
- the unicellular eukaryotes being protozoa or fungi, in particular yeast, especially Saccharomyces or Schizosaccharomyces.
- the Gram-positive bacteria being Coryneform bacteria or those of the genera Staphylococcus, Corynebacteria or Bacillus, in particular the species Staphylococcus carnosus, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis B. amyloliquefaciens, B. agaradherens, B. stearothermophilus, B. globigii or B. lentus, and more particularly ⁇ . licheniformis.
- the Gram-positive bacteria being Coryneform bacteria or those of the genera Staphylococcus, Corynebacteria or Bacillus, in particular the species Staphylococcus carnosus, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis B. amyloliquefaciens, B. agaradherens, B. stearothermophilus, B. globigii or B. lentus, and more particularly ⁇ .
- the Gram-negative bacteria being those of the genera E. coli or Klebsiella, in particular derivatives of Escherichia coli K12, Escherichia coli B or Klebsiella planticola, and more particularly Derivatives of strains Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli RV308, E. coli DH5 ⁇ , E. coli JM109, E. CO // XL-1 or Klebsiella planticola (Rf).
- the Gram-negative bacteria being those of the genera E. coli or Klebsiella, in particular derivatives of Escherichia coli K12, Escherichia coli B or Klebsiella planticola, and more particularly Derivatives of strains Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli RV308, E. coli DH5 ⁇ , E. coli JM109, E. CO // XL-1 or Klebsiella planticola (Rf).
- such uses according to the invention are furthermore preferred, the process being a fermentation, in particular the fermentative production of a commercially useful product, more preferably the production of a protein or a low-molecular chemical compound.
- the low-molecular chemical compound is a natural substance, a food supplement or a pharmaceutically relevant compound.
- the protein is an enzyme, in particular one from the group of ⁇ -amylases, proteases, cellulases, lipases, oxidoreductases, peroxidases, laccases, oxidases and hemicellulases.
- the cell disruption was carried out with the "Hybaid RiboLyser TM Cell Disruptor” (Thermo Electron Corporation, Dreieich, Germany) . This method is based on the mechanical destruction of the cell wall and the cell membrane with the aid of approximately 0.1 mm small glass beads (Fa.
- RNA 6000 Nano Kit The Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 apparatus (Agilent Technologies, Berlin, Germany), which is used for this purpose, makes it possible to analyze RNA on a lab-on-a-chip scale. Together with Agilent's "RNA 6000 Nano Kit", the total RNA is separated by gel electrophoresis and thus offers the opportunity to study the quality of partial degradation and contamination by using ribosomal RNA (16 S and 23 S rRNA). detected. If these are clear bands, one can assume that the RNA was not degraded in the course of processing and thus is intact and can be introduced into the subsequent explorations. In addition, the exact concentration is determined.
- Transcriptome analyzes were performed on whole genomic B. licheniformis DSM13 DNA microarrays which had been prepared in a conventional manner (for example according to WO 95/11995 A1) and can be evaluated by means of an optical system. Almost every B. licheniformis gene was duplicated on these DNA microarrays so that two samples could be analyzed in parallel on the same chip and the values obtained could be averaged.
- the principle of the measurement carried out is that the respective mRNA molecules are transcribed from the sample taken in vitro via a reverse transcription into DNA, wherein one of the added deoxyribonucleotides carries a color marker. These labeled molecules are then hybridized with the known, lying on known locations of the chip probes and optically detected the respective strength of the attributable to the relevant sites on the fluorescent marker signal.
- fluorescent markers for a control and for a sample actually to be examined, which are simultaneously hybridized and thus compete for binding to the probe presented, different color values are obtained, which are a measure of the concentration of the control Provide concentration of the sample.
- dUTP was selected, which was labeled with the fluorescent dye cyanine 3 or with cyanine 5.
- the fluorescent dye cyanine 3 (Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Germany)
- 25 ug total RNA of the respective stress test transient phase, 30, 60 and 120 min
- the fluorescent dye cyanine 5 (GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany).
- Example 1 The determined in Example 1 235 genes of Bacillus licheniformis DSM13, whose (at least the factor of 3 amounts) induction was observed under phosphate deficiency (for explanations see text).
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| DE102004061664A DE102004061664A1 (de) | 2004-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Nukleinsäure-bindende Chips zur Detektion von Phosphatmangelzuständen im Rahmen der Bioprozesskontrolle |
| PCT/EP2005/013499 WO2006069638A1 (de) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-12-15 | Nukleinsäure-bidende chips zur detektion von phosphatmangelzuständen im rahmen der bioprozesskontrolle |
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| DE102005042572A1 (de) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Nukleinsäure-bindende Chips zur Detektion von Stickstoffmangelzuständen im Rahmen der Bioprozeßkontrolle |
| EP1772522A1 (de) * | 2005-10-04 | 2007-04-11 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno | Kontrolle der Konservierung mit Biomarkern |
| ATE512159T1 (de) * | 2006-04-26 | 2011-06-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Cyclodipeptidsynthetasen und ihre verwendung zur synthese von cyclo(leu-leu)cyclodipeptid |
| JPWO2009057695A1 (ja) * | 2007-10-30 | 2011-03-10 | オリンパス株式会社 | 遺伝子解析による腺腫又はがんの検出方法 |
| KR101878529B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-25 | 2018-07-16 | 울산대학교 산학협력단 | 반코마이신 불균질 내성 황색포도알균 클론타입 판별용 바이오마커 조성물 및 이를 이용한 판별용 키트 |
| CN116606873B (zh) * | 2023-05-06 | 2024-03-01 | 天津大学 | 分解聚酯的酯酶突变体基因及该基因表达的蛋白与应用 |
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| US5846708A (en) * | 1991-11-19 | 1998-12-08 | Massachusetts Institiute Of Technology | Optical and electrical methods and apparatus for molecule detection |
| US20020009730A1 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2002-01-24 | Alex Chenchik | Human stress array |
| DE10012283A1 (de) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-20 | Thomas Schweder | Wirts-Vektor-Systeme zur phosphatregulierten Überproduktion von Polypeptiden in Becillus |
| EP1174520A3 (de) * | 2000-07-18 | 2004-02-18 | Degussa AG | Verfahren zur Uberwachung einer Gärung mit hilfe eines expressions Array |
| EP1313856B1 (de) * | 2000-08-31 | 2007-03-21 | Degussa GmbH | Citb gen aus corynebakterien und seine verwendung zur herstellung von l-aminosäuren |
| EP1315744A1 (de) * | 2000-09-09 | 2003-06-04 | Degussa AG | Nukleotidsequenzen, die das clpc gen kodieren |
| DE10058394C1 (de) * | 2000-11-24 | 2002-07-11 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren für die biochemische Analytik und zugehörige Anordnung |
| DE10242433A1 (de) * | 2002-09-11 | 2004-03-25 | Henkel Kgaa | DNA-Chips zur Bioprozeßkontrolle |
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| WO2006069638A1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
| US20070281312A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| DE102004061664A1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
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