EP1819879A1 - Druckkörper mit externer membranverstärkung - Google Patents
Druckkörper mit externer membranverstärkungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1819879A1 EP1819879A1 EP05809874A EP05809874A EP1819879A1 EP 1819879 A1 EP1819879 A1 EP 1819879A1 EP 05809874 A EP05809874 A EP 05809874A EP 05809874 A EP05809874 A EP 05809874A EP 1819879 A1 EP1819879 A1 EP 1819879A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- network
- hollow body
- membrane
- pressure body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/005—Girders or columns that are rollable, collapsible or otherwise adjustable in length or height
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pressure bodies made of gas-tight membranes according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Pressure body made of membranes are known per se. They usually consist of a gas-tight membrane, which forms a hollow body, which can be acted upon, for example via a valve with compressed gas. Inflatable balls and pillows are well known examples.
- the hollow body can be composed of a plurality of interconnected membrane pieces.
- the tension in the membrane also increases.
- the membrane expands with increasing pressure and ruptures when exceeding the maximum tensile stress of the membrane or its compounds.
- membranes which are too stretchable or too little resistant to tearing for a particular application are combined with other more tensile materials and integrated, for example, in a composite material.
- a typical example of this is modern sail materials, which consist for example of a laminated composite of load-bearing aramid fibers and sealing polyester films.
- Composite materials are usually problematic in the case of disposal.
- Translucent foils without reinforcement are an example of membranes which are not available for many applications because they do not meet with respect to primary material-technical requirements, such as elasticity and tensile strength, although use due to secondary material properties, such as transparency in this example, would be desirable.
- the object of the present invention is the provision of pressure bodies using unarmed gas-tight membranes, which are unreinforced too stretchable or too little tear resistant for an intended application, for example, because the pressure in the interior of the pressure body is too great, or the membrane has too large Völbungsradien and thus too high stresses occur in the membrane.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first cylindrical embodiment of a pressure hull as
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a network for the first embodiment of a pressure hull in plan view
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a detail of membrane and network of the first embodiment in cross section
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a second spindle-shaped embodiment of a pressure hull as isometry
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a network for a spindle-shaped pressure body in plan view
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a pressure hull as isometry
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a pressure hull as isometry
- Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a network for the fourth embodiment of a pressure hull in
- Top view, 9 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a pressure hull as isometry
- FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a section of a network in plan view
- FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of an eighth embodiment of a pressure hull as isometry
- FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of a first example of use of a pressure hull as isometry
- Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of a ninth embodiment of a pressure hull as isometry.
- a cylindrical pressure body 1 consists of a hollow body 2, a net 3 and two end pieces 4.
- the hollow body 2 is surrounded by the ring-forming net 3.
- the end pieces 4 form the conclusion of the pressure hull 1 on both sides.
- the net 3 forming a hose is fastened to the two end pieces 4.
- the hollow body 2 is made of a gas-tight unreinforced membrane 5, for example, a crystal clear PU or PVC film.
- the end pieces 4 may be, for example, rigid plates made of plastic, glass or metal.
- the network 3 of the above embodiment is shown schematically.
- the net 3 is made up of a plurality of tension elements 6, which run substantially parallel to one another when the net 3 is longitudinally or also x-shaped. Direction is stretched.
- tension elements 6, for example, plastic, wire ropes, wires, cables or cords can be used.
- the adjacent tension elements 6 are selectively connected at intervals di by means of connecting elements 8 and form at these points network node 7.
- connecting elements 8 for example, compression sleeves or other clamping elements can be used.
- the tension elements 6 can also be knotted or welded together in the network node 7, for example. Connecting elements 8 are in these cases, the cable knots or welding points.
- a zigzagging tension element 6 is highlighted in bold.
- the net 3 of Fig. 2 is bent tubular and the network nodes 7 on the longitudinal sides of the network 3 are connected to each other (A-A ', B-B', ).
- the result is a tubular stocking-like network 3, in which now the hollow body 2 can be inserted from an elastic membrane 5.
- the hollow body 2 consists of a cylinder jacket-shaped membrane 5, which is connected in a gastight manner with the end pieces 4 and together with these form the hollow body 2.
- the circumference of the cylindrical pressure body 1 increases, while its length L is shortened, until it has assumed the shape shown schematically in FIG.
- the pressure body 1 assumes a defined by the network 3 equilibrium state, which is characterized by a maximum volume enclosed by the network 3 V max .
- the associated changes in the radius and the length L of the pressure hull 1 when taking the equilibrium state are indicated in Fig. 1 with arrows. If the radius increases, the length L decreases at the same time and vice versa. This equilibrium state can be calculated.
- a voltage in the longitudinal direction By concerns on network 3 and outward pressures of the pressurized hollow body 2 in the network 3 generates a voltage in the circumferential direction and by abutment on the end pieces 4 and outward pressures he generated in the network 3, a voltage in the longitudinal direction.
- end pieces 4 for example, additional round-cut nets can be used, which are connected to the net 3 and close off the open ends of the hose 3 formed by the net.
- a surface line 12 is shown in dashed lines parallel to the axis of rotation 13. The tension elements cut this generatrix 12 at an angle ct.
- a maximum value of the volume V max exists.
- a simple calculation shows that the hollow body 2 assumes its maximum volume V ma ⁇ when the tension elements 6 have an optimum constant pitch ⁇ of approximately 55 ° with respect to a surface line 12. If the cylinder is shorter in a first initial configuration and of greater circumference than in the equilibrium state, the pitch a is greater than 55 ° - the pressure body 1 expands in the longitudinal direction and assumes the state of equilibrium. If the cylinder is longer in a second initial configuration and smaller in circumference than in the equilibrium state, the pitch ⁇ is less than 55 ° - the pressure body 1 contracts in the longitudinal direction and again assumes the equilibrium state with maximum volume V max .
- loxodromes Lines intersecting the generatrices 12 with constant pitch ⁇ are called loxodromes.
- the spiral lines 14 formed by the connected tension elements 6 are thus loxodromes.
- Loxodromes are usually on a double-curved surface, such as a spherical surface, not like orthodromes part of a large circle and therefore generally do not represent the shortest connection between two points.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a detail of a section through a membrane 5 constricted by tension elements 6.
- the hollow body 2 expands and the membrane 5 bulges in the mesh of the network 3 to the outside.
- a closer look at these bulges provides an explanation of how the reinforcement of the membrane 5 works in detail by means of the drawn-over net 3.
- the stress ⁇ is proportional to ⁇ p • R
- a network 3 with an elastic membrane 5 represents a partial separation of functions for a shell of a pressure body 1.
- the network formed of tension elements 6 3 assumes the essential tensile stresses in the shell of the pressure hull 1 and the membrane 5 seals the net 3 gas-tight. In extreme cases, this results in a physical separation of the two functions of a shell of a pressure hull 1: shaping by absorbing tensile stresses and sealing against gas loss.
- Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a pressure hull 1 as isometry.
- the spindle shape of the pressure body 1 comes about by varying the mesh length di in the longitudinal direction (x-direction). In Fig.
- FIG. 5 is a simplified network 3 with a few network nodes 7 for a spindle-shaped pressure body 1 is shown schematically.
- the distances di between the network nodes 7, also called mesh length increase from the two ends towards the middle (di ⁇ d 2 ⁇ d 3 ).
- the circumference of the pressurized pressure body 1 is no longer constant in the equilibrium state, but varies along its longitudinal direction.
- Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of a pressure hull 1, in which again the mesh length d ⁇ varies in the longitudinal direction. The mesh length di decreases from the end pieces 4 towards the middle.
- FIG. 7 shows schematically a fourth exemplary embodiment of a pressure hull 1 as isometry
- FIG. 8 shows schematically the associated opened net 3.
- the embodiment shows the effect of varying the mesh length di in the circumferential direction (y-direction) (di ⁇ d2 ⁇ d 3 ).
- the tension elements 6 can be guided in parallel in the circumferential direction instead of in the longitudinal direction, whereby again a plurality of equally long tension elements 6 can be used.
- Tension elements 6 of equal length can also be used if they are guided around the hollow body 2 as spiral lines 14.
- the axis of rotation 13 of the pressure hull 1 bends, in this case a striking line of symmetry 13, and assumes the shape of a section of a torus.
- Fig. 9 shows a fifth embodiment, which can be generated by varying the mesh lengths di in the longitudinal and circumferential directions. This makes it possible to produce complicated bulged rotational bodies whose symmetry line 13 is additionally bent in different directions and around different radii.
- a tubular network 3 with any variation of the mesh lengths di and with end pieces 4 by pressurization by means of inserted hollow body 2 always take a well-defined form, which is characterized by a maximum volume V max .
- Fig. 10 shows schematically various ways in which the tension elements 6 can be performed in the network 3.
- the variant with draw members 6 guided in the longitudinal direction x is boldly drawn, the variant with traction elements 6 guided in parallel in the circumferential direction y and dashed boldly finally also a variant with traction elements 6 running along the spiral lines 14; in each case two traction elements 6 cross each other at traction elements 6 running as spiral lines 14 at each network node 7.
- Another possibility is the formation of the network 3 from a plurality of short tension elements 6 with the lengths di, which extend from network node 7 to network node 7 and are connected to one another by connecting elements 8.
- FIGS. 11 to 13 Three further embodiments of pressure hull 1 with external mesh 3 reinforcing the membrane 5 are shown in FIGS. 11 to 13.
- the two end pieces 4 can generally have different sizes. In extreme cases, they can even be omitted on one or both sides.
- an end piece 4 has been greatly reduced or omitted altogether.
- This arrangement enables the production of flat pressure bodies 1, wherein the remaining end piece 4 can also be embodied, for example, in polygonal form.
- two of the pressure bodies 1 described above can be joined together, with the remaining end pieces 4 coming to lie on one another.
- FIGS. 11 to 13 flat pressure bodies 1, such as those shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, are produced.
- the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 11 has a round, that in FIG. 12 a rectangular frame 9, while the network is constructed from spiral lines 14.
- FIG. 13 shows a variant of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 12.
- the network 3 essentially rectangular rather than diamond-shaped stitches on.
- FIGS. 11b and 13 only the upper membrane 5 and the uppermost network 3 are visible.
- Fig. 12b the lower half of the pressure hull 1 is indicated only with a broken line.
- the tail 4 for example, not from a plate, but only from a wire loop to which the network 3 is attached.
- the flat pressure bodies 1 with frame 9 shown in the three embodiments above can be easily combined to form larger areas and thus used as walls or roofs.
- the nets 3 can also be embodied with other mesh geometries, for example with triangles, rectangles, hexagons or other polygons.
- tension elements 6 can end in the middle of the network 3 in a network node 7, for example, because without reducing the tension elements 6 with certain geometries, the mesh length di of the network 7 would be too small.
- such nets 3 are more complicated to manufacture than nets 3 with continuous, optimally even equal length pulling elements 6.
- FIG. 14 shows a first example of use for pressure bodies 1 according to the first two exemplary embodiments.
- the pressure body 1 can be used, for example, for the production of pneumatic components with pressure rods, tension elements and a hollow body, as disclosed in WO 01/73245 (D1).
- the pressure body 1 is used as a hollow body and serves in this example, the buckling stabilization of a over the entire length connected to the pressure body 1 push rod 10, at the ends of a tension element 11 is attached.
- spindle-shaped pressure bodies 1 the greatest stresses occur in the longitudinal direction in the middle of the pressure hull 1. in the However, the second embodiment in Fig. 4, the mesh size di at this point is the largest.
- Fig. 15 shows a ninth embodiment of a pressure hull 1, used as a hollow body for a device according to Dl.
- the net 3 of tension elements 6 along Latitude and longitude circles are formed.
- additional tension elements 6, which do not extend over the entire length L of the pressure hull 1, can also be added to the net 3.
- the end pieces 4 can generally be omitted, provided that they are not required for tensioning the net 3 in the longitudinal direction or are not necessary or helpful for defining the boundary conditions of the net 3 for a specific shape of the pressure hull 1. If the end pieces 4 do not have a rotationally symmetrical shape, the mesh 3 does not have a rotationally symmetrical cross section transverse to the longitudinal axis in the vicinity of these end pieces 4.
- network-reinforced pressure hull 1 can be found, for example, in lighting technology, as a lamp body, for translucent balloon or airship hulls, air halls and crystal clear hollow body for lightweight pneumatic components. This list is not exhaustive and only mentions a few fields of application in which, thanks to the use of mesh-reinforced pressure bodies 1, advances in the use of elastic membranes 5 over known technologies can be achieved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH20312004 | 2004-12-08 | ||
| PCT/CH2005/000719 WO2006060927A1 (de) | 2004-12-08 | 2005-12-02 | Druckkörper mit externer membranverstärkung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1819879A1 true EP1819879A1 (de) | 2007-08-22 |
| EP1819879B1 EP1819879B1 (de) | 2009-09-30 |
Family
ID=34974229
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05809874A Expired - Lifetime EP1819879B1 (de) | 2004-12-08 | 2005-12-02 | Druckkörper mit externer membranverstärkung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1819879B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE444400T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE502005008254D1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006060927A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3318480A1 (de) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Endlosfaserverstärkung zur luftschiffkonstruktion |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2907421B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-19 | 2009-06-05 | Airbus France Sas | Element de panneau deformable et panneau le comprenant |
| FR3018836A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-25 | Decathlon Sa | Enveloppe gonflable, procede de fabrication d'une telle enveloppe gonflable et dispositif, notamment article de sport, comprenant une telle enveloppe gonflable |
| CN113322762B (zh) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-04-19 | 刘斌 | 公路工程桥梁施工桥面混凝土养护装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2325579A1 (fr) * | 1973-12-13 | 1977-04-22 | Guigan Jean | Convoyeur de charges |
| SU1762358A1 (ru) * | 1990-09-13 | 1992-09-15 | Войсковая часть 45807-Р/П | Надувной рефлектор |
| JPH0518045A (ja) * | 1991-07-08 | 1993-01-26 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 筒状構造体の内筒膜製造方法 |
| US5421128A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-06-06 | Sharpless; Garrett C. | Curved, inflated, tubular beam |
| US6061969A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 2000-05-16 | Leary; Jeremiah E. | Inflatable greenhouse |
| JPH11256880A (ja) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-21 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | テンションリングを利用した空気膜構造物 |
| AU777055B2 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2004-09-30 | Prospective Concepts Ag | Pneumatic structural element |
| WO2004083034A1 (de) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-09-30 | Prospective Concepts Ag | Auftriebskörper für ein luftschiff |
-
2005
- 2005-12-02 AT AT05809874T patent/ATE444400T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-12-02 WO PCT/CH2005/000719 patent/WO2006060927A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-02 DE DE502005008254T patent/DE502005008254D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-12-02 EP EP05809874A patent/EP1819879B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006060927A1 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3318480A1 (de) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Endlosfaserverstärkung zur luftschiffkonstruktion |
| US10518861B2 (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2019-12-31 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Continuous fiber reinforcement for airship construction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006060927A1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
| DE502005008254D1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
| EP1819879B1 (de) | 2009-09-30 |
| ATE444400T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
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