EP1809632A2 - Als pde-5-inhibitoren geeignetepyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidinderivate - Google Patents

Als pde-5-inhibitoren geeignetepyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidinderivate

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Publication number
EP1809632A2
EP1809632A2 EP05800579A EP05800579A EP1809632A2 EP 1809632 A2 EP1809632 A2 EP 1809632A2 EP 05800579 A EP05800579 A EP 05800579A EP 05800579 A EP05800579 A EP 05800579A EP 1809632 A2 EP1809632 A2 EP 1809632A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ethyl
pyrazolo
pyrimidin
ethoxyethyl
amine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05800579A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Brad Alan Pfizer Global R&D ACKER
Robert Owen Pfizer Global R&D HUGHES
Eric John Pfizer Global R&D JACOBSEN
Hwang-Fun Pfizer Global R&D LU
Thomas Edward Pfizer Global R&D ROGERS
Michael Brent Pfizer Global R&D TOLLEFSON
John Keith Pfizer Global R&D WALKER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pharmacia and Upjohn Co LLC
Original Assignee
Pharmacia and Upjohn Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pharmacia and Upjohn Co LLC filed Critical Pharmacia and Upjohn Co LLC
Publication of EP1809632A2 publication Critical patent/EP1809632A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a series of novel 5,7-diaminopyrazolo[4,3-c(] pyrimidines, which are cyclic guanylate monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (hereinafter referred to as PDE-5 inhibitors) that are useful in the treatment of hypertension and other disorders, to processes for their preparation, intermediates used in their preparation, to compositions containing them and the uses of said compounds and compositions.
  • cGMP cyclic guanylate monophosphate
  • PDE-5 inhibitors cyclic guanylate monophosphate
  • hypertension is associated with an increased risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease and renal impairment.
  • drugs available in various pharmacological categories, the need for an effective treatment of hypertension is still not satisfied.
  • nitric oxide nitric oxide
  • This acts on vascular smooth muscle cells and leads to the activation of guanylate cyclase and the accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).
  • cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate
  • the accumulation of cGMP causes the muscles to relax and the blood vessels to dilate, leading to a reduction in blood pressure.
  • the cGMP is inactivated by hydrolysis to guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) by a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase.
  • Phosphodiesterase type 5 Phosphodiesterase type 5
  • Inhibitors of PDE5 decrease the rate of hydrolysis of cGMP and so potentiate the actions of nitric oxide.
  • Inhibitors of PDE-5 have been reported in several chemical classes, including: pyrazolo[4,3- ⁇ flpyrimidin-7- ones (e.g. published international patent applications WO 93/06104, WO 98/49166, WO 99/54333, WO 00/24745, WO 01/27112 and WO 01/27113); pyrazolo[3,4-c(
  • the compounds provided herein are potent inhibitors of PDE5 that have improved selectivity in vitro and/or an extended half-life in vivo.
  • WO 02/00660 and WO 01/18004 disclose pyrazolo[4,3- ⁇ yrimidines with a PDE-5 inhibiting effect, which can be used for treating disorders of the cardiovascular system.
  • the present invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein
  • R 1 is a cyclic group selected from R A , R B , R c and R D , each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R 7 groups;
  • R 2 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 2 alkyl
  • R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl or C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R 8 groups, or R E , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups, or hydrogen;
  • R F which is optionally substituted with one or more R 10 groups;
  • R 5 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 - C 7 cycloalkyl and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkoxy, or hydrogen;
  • R 6 which may be attached at N 1 or N 2 , is R 6A or hydrogen;
  • R 6A is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylJd-Ce alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy or a cyclic group selected from R J , R ⁇ , R L and R M , or R 6A is R N , C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 halocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkoxy or C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy;
  • R 7 is halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, oxo, phenyl, OR 12 , OC(O)R 12 , NO 2 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 C(O)R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , C(O)R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , CONR 12 R 13 Or CN;
  • R 8 is halo, phenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyphenyl, OR 12 , OC(O)R 12 , NO 2 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 C(O)R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , C(O)R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , CONR 12 R 13 , CN, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, R G or R H , the last two of which are optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups;
  • R 9 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or CO 2 R 12 ;
  • R 10 is halo, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, OR 12 , OC(O)R 12 , NO 2 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 C(O)R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , C(O)R 12 , CO 2 R 13 , CONR 12 R 13 , CN, oxo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, the last two of which are optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 11 is OH, phenyl, NR 12 R 13 or NR 12 CO 2 R 14 ;
  • R 12 and R 13 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl;
  • R 14 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl
  • R A and R J are each independently a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, each of which may be either monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic and which may be fused to either
  • R B and R ⁇ are each independently a phenyl or naphthyl group, each of which may be fused to (a) a C 5 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 7 cycloalkenyl ring,
  • R c , R L and R N are each independently a monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic saturated or partly unsaturated ring system containing between 3 and 10 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, which ring may be fused to a C 5 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 7 cycloalkenyl group or a monocyclic aromatic ring selected from a benzene ring and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to three heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R D and R M are each independently a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to three heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, which ring may further be fused to
  • R E , R F and R G are each independently a monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 10 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R H is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to three heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • an alkyl or alkoxy group may be straight or branched and contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 and particularly 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
  • alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy and n-butoxy.
  • an alkenyl or alkynyl group may be straight or branched and contain 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 and particularly 2 to 4 carbon atoms and may contain up to 3 double or triple bonds which may be conjugated.
  • alkenyl and alkynyl include vinyl, allyl, butadienyl and propargyl.
  • a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group may contain 3 to 10 ring-atoms, may be either monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic.
  • Examples of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and adamantyl.
  • a cycloalkenyl group may contain 3 to 10 ring-atoms, may be either monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic and may contain up to 3 double bonds.
  • Examples of cycloalkenyl groups are cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.
  • Aryl includes phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl and phenanthrenyl.
  • a heteroalicyclyl group contains 3 to 10 ring-atoms up to 4 of which may be hetero-atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and may be saturated or partially unsaturated.
  • heteroalicyclyl groups are oxiranyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiolanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, sulfolanyl, dioxolanyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, dioxanyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, azepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, thiazolinyl and diazapanyl.
  • a heteroaryl group contains 3 to 10 ring-atoms up to 4 of which may be hetero-atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • heteroaryl groups are furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl.
  • heteroaryl includes fused heteroaryl groups, for example benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzoxazinyl, benzothiazinyl, oxazolopyridinyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzothiazolyl, phthalimido, benzofuranyl, benzodiazepinyl, indolyl and isoindolyl.
  • oxo-substituted heteroaromatic systems such as pyridinonyl, pyranonyl, imidazolonyl and the like are also considered to be heteroaryl groups.
  • Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
  • Haloalkyl includes monohaloalkyl, polyhaloalkyl and perhaloalkyl, such as 2-bromoethyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl and trichloromethyl.
  • Haloalkoxy includes monohaloalkoxy, polyhaloalkoxy and perhaloalkoxy, such as 2-bromoethoxy, 2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy and trichloromethoxy.
  • Halocycloalkyl includes monohalocycloalkyl, polyhalocycloalkyl and perhalocycloalkyl.
  • substituted means substituted by one or more defined groups.
  • groups may be selected from a number of alternative groups, the selected groups may be the same or different.
  • R 1 is R A , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 7 groups; and R A is a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, which may be either monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic, which may be fused to either
  • R ⁇ is a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group.
  • R A is a monocyclic C 5 -C 7 cycloalkyl group.
  • R ⁇ is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • R 1 is R B , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 7 groups.
  • R B is phenyl
  • R 1 is R c , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 7 groups. -O-
  • R c is a monocyclic saturated or partly unsaturated ring system containing between 3 and 8 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R c is a monocyclic saturated or partly unsaturated ring system containing between 5 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R c is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 5 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R c is piperidinyl.
  • R 1 is R D , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 7 groups.
  • R D is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to three heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R D is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring containing a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur and optionally up to two further nitrogen atoms in the ring, or a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring including 1 , 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • R D is furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or pyrazinyl.
  • R D is pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or pyrazinyl.
  • R 7 is halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, oxo, OR 12 or CONR 12 R 13 .
  • R 7 is halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C r C 3 -haloalkyl, oxo, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, hydroxy or CONH(C 1 -C 3 alkyl).
  • R 7 is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, propoxy, trifluoromethyl, oxo or CONHMe.
  • R 2 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen
  • R 3 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more R 8 groups, or R E , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups; and wherein R E is a monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R 3 is hydrogen, CrC 4 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more R 8 groups, or R E , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups; and wherein R E is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R 3 is R E , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups and wherein R E is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 7 ring atoms containing one nitrogen atom.
  • R E is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl.
  • R 3 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more R 8 groups and wherein R 8 is halo, phenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyphenyl, OR 12 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , CO 2 R 12 , CONR 12 R 13 , R G or R H , the last two of which are optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups.
  • R 8 is hydroxy, methoxy, methoxyphenyl, NH 2 , NHMe, NMe 2 , NHCO 2 1 Bu, NMeCO 2 4 Bu, CO 2 H, CONHMe, R G or R H , the last two of which are optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups.
  • R 8 is R G , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups and wherein R G is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R G is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 7 ring atoms containing one nitrogen atom and optionally one oxygen atom.
  • R G is pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or morpholinyl.
  • R 8 is R H , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups and wherein R H is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to two nitrogen atoms.
  • R H is pyrazolyl
  • R 9 is methyl or CO 2 1 Bu.
  • R 3 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more R 8 groups, or R 3 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups, wherein
  • R 8 is hydroxy, methoxy, methoxyphenyl, NH 2 , NHMe, NMe 2 , NHCO 2 1 Bu, NMeCO 2 1 Bu, CO 2 H, CONHMe, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl or pyrazolyl, the last four of which are optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups and wherein R 9 is methyl or CO 2 1 Bu.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
  • -NR 3 R 4 forms R F , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 10 groups and wherein R F is a monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 10 ring atoms containing at least one nitrogen atom and optionally one other atom selected from oxygen and sulphur.
  • R F is a monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 10 ring atoms containing one or two nitrogen atoms and optionally one other atom selected from oxygen and sulphur.
  • R F is selected from azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, 3- azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl, homopiperazinyl, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2- yl, 2,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-2-yl, 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl, 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl, 1 ,4- diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-4-yl and 1 ,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]non-4-yl.
  • R 10 is halo, OR 12 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , CO 2 R 13 , oxo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, the last two of which are optionally substituted by R 11 .
  • R 10 is halo, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, hydroxy, methoxy, NH 2 , NHMe, NMe 2 , NHCO 2 1 Bu, CO 2 H, CO 2 1 Bu, oxo, benzyl, -CH 2 OH, -CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NHMe, -CH 2 NMe 2 or -CH 2 NMeCO 2 1 Bu.
  • -NR 3 R 4 forms a piperazine ring that is optionally substituted by one or two methyl groups, and/or is bridged by a -CH 2 - or -CH 2 CH 2 - group.
  • Suitable bridged piperazines include 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl, 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl and 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl ring systems.
  • R 3 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, which is substituted by one R 8 group, or R E , which is substituted by one R 9 group; or -NR 3 R 4 forms a cyclic group R F , which is substituted with one R 10 group, and R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are all CO 2 H.
  • R 5 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy or C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy.
  • R 5 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, hydroxymethyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxymethyl. In another more preferred embodiment, R 5 is methyl, ethyl or propyl, each of which is optionally substituted by hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy.
  • R 5 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl or ethoxymethyl.
  • R 6 is R 6A .
  • R 6 is R 6A
  • two regioisomers of the compounds of formula (I) can be distinguished.
  • R 6A is positioned on N 1 to give the compounds of formula (I A ):
  • R 6A is positioned on N 2 to give the compounds of formula (I B ):
  • R 6A is C 1 -C 6 alkyl or CrC 6 haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, CrC 6 haloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl)CrC 6 alkoxy or a cyclic group selected from R J , R L and R M , or R 6A is
  • R J is a C 3 -C 7 monocyclic cycloalkyl group
  • R L and R N are each independently a monocyclic, saturated or partly unsaturated ring system containing between 4 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur; and R M is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to three heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R 6A is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl)C r C 6 alkoxy or a cyclic group selected from R J , R L and R M , or R 6A is R N ;
  • R J is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl
  • R L and R N are each independently a monocyclic saturated ring system containing either 5 or 6 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur; and R M is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R 6 ⁇ is Ci-C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl)methoxy or a cyclic group selected from R J , R L and R M , or R 6A is R N ;
  • R J is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl
  • R L and R N are each independently a monocyclic saturated ring system containing either 5 or 6 ring atoms containing one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R M is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one nitrogen atom.
  • R 6A is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by CrC 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl)methoxy, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl or pyridinyl, or R 6A is tetrahydropyranyl.
  • R 6A is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, n-propoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyethyl, tetrahydrofuranylmethyl, tetrahydropyranylmethyl, tetrahydropyranyl or pyridinylmethyl.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment is a compound of formula (I) wherein R 6 is R 6A attached at the N 1 - position, and R 6A is 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl.
  • Preferred embodiments of compounds of formula (I) are those that incorporate two or more of the foregoing preferences.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment is a compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is a cyclic group selected from R A , R B , R c and R D , each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R 7 groups;
  • R 2 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 2 alkyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more R 8 groups, or R ⁇ , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl;
  • R F which is optionally substituted with one or more R 10 groups;
  • R 5 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 - C 7 cycloalkyl and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkoxy, or hydrogen;
  • R 6 is R 6A or hydrogen
  • R 6A is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy or a cyclic group selected from R J , R L and R M , or R 6A is R N ;
  • R 7 is halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, oxo, OR 12 , OC(O)R 12 , NO 2 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 C(O)R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , C(O)R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , CONR 12 R 13 Or CN;
  • R 8 is halo, phenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyphenyl, OR 12 , OC(O)R 12 , NO 2 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 C(O)R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , C(O)R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , CONR 12 R 13 , CN, R G or R H , the last two of which are optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups;
  • R 9 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or CO 2 R 12 ;
  • R 10 is halo, C 3 -Ci 0 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, OR 12 , OC(O)R 12 , NO 2 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 C(O)R 13 , N NRR 1122 CCOO 22 RR 1144 ,, C C((OO))RR 1122 ,, C COO 22 RR 1133 ,, C CONR 12 R 13 , CN, oxo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, the last two of which are optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 11 is OH, phenyl, NR 12 R 13 or NR 12 CO 2 R 14 ;
  • R 12 and R 13 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl;
  • R 14 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl
  • R A is a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group
  • R B is phenyl
  • R c is a monocyclic saturated or partly unsaturated ring system containing between 3 and 8 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R D is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to three heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R E is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R F and R G are each independently a monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 10 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R H is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to three heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R J is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl
  • R L and R N are each independently a monocyclic saturated ring system containing either 5 or 6 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R M is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • R 1 is a cyclic group selected from R A , R B , R c and R D , each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R 7 groups;
  • R 2 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 2 alkyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more R 8 groups, or R E , which is optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl
  • R F which is optionally substituted with one or more R 10 groups;
  • R 5 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy or C 1 - C 4 haloalkoxy;
  • R 6 is R 6A or hydrogen;
  • R 6A is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or CrC 4 haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by CrC 4 alkoxy, CrC 4 haloalkoxy or a cyclic group selected from R J , R L and R M , or R 6A is R N ;
  • R 7 is halo, CrC 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, oxo, OR 12 or CONR 12 R 13 ;
  • R 8 is halo, phenyl, CrC 6 alkoxyphenyl, OR 12 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , CO 2 R 12 , CONR 12 R 13 , R G or R H , the last two of which are optionally substituted with one or more R 9 groups;
  • R 9 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or CO 2 R 12 ;
  • R 10 is halo, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, OR 12 , OC(O)R 12 , NO 2 , NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 C(O)R 13 , NR 12 CO 2 R 14 , C(O)R 12 , CO 2 R 13 , CONR 12 R 13 , CN, oxo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, the last two of which are optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 11 is OH, phenyl, NR 12 R 13 or NR 12 CO 2 R 14 ;
  • R 12 and R 13 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl;
  • R 14 is C 1 O 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl
  • R A is a monocyclic C 5 -C 7 cycloalkyl group
  • R B is phenyl
  • R c is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 5 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R D is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring containing a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur and optionally up to two further nitrogen atoms in the ring, or a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring including 1 , 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms;
  • R E is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 7 ring atoms containing one nitrogen atom;
  • R F is a monocyclic or, when there are an appropriate number of ring atoms, polycyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 10 ring atoms containing at least one nitrogen atom and optionally one other atom selected from oxygen and sulphur;
  • R G is a monocyclic saturated ring system containing between 3 and 7 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R H is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing up to two nitrogen atoms;
  • R L and R N are each independently a monocyclic saturated ring system containing either 5 or 6 ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
  • R M is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • compositions of formula (I) include the acid addition and base salts (including disalts) thereof.
  • Suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Examples include the acetate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulphate, camsylate, citrate, edisylate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hibenzate, hydrochloride/chloride, hydrobromide/bromide, hydroiodide/iodide, hydrogen phosphate, isethionate, D- and L-lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulphate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, pamoate, phosphate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, sulphate, D- and L-tartrate, and tosylate salts.
  • Suitable base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Examples include the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diolamine, glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, olamine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine and zinc salts.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I) may be readily prepared by mixing together solutions of the compound of formula (I) and the desired acid or base, as appropriate.
  • the salt may precipitate from solution and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent.
  • solvates in accordance with the invention include hydrates and solvates wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopically substituted, e.g. D 2 O 1 acetone-d 6 , DMSOd 6 .
  • references to compounds of formula (I) include references to salts thereof and to solvates and clathrates of compounds of formula (I) and salts thereof.
  • Compounds of formula (I) containing one or more asymmetric carbon atoms can exist as two or more optical isomers. Where a compound of formula (I) contains an alkenyl or alkenylene group, geometric cis/trans (or Z/E) isomers are possible, and where the compound contains, for example, a keto or oxime group, tautomeric isomerism ('tautomerism') may occur. It follows that a single compound may exhibit more than one type of isomerism.
  • optical isomers including optical isomers, geometric isomers and tautomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I), including compounds exhibiting more than one type of isomerism, and mixtures of one or more thereof.
  • Cis/trans isomers may be separated by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example, fractional crystallisation and chromatography.
  • Conventional techniques for the preparation/isolation of individual stereoisomers include the conversion of a suitable optically pure precursor, resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using, for example, chiral HPLC, or fractional crystallisation of diastereoisomeric salts formed by reaction of the racemate with a suitable optically active acid or base, for example, tartaric acid.
  • the present invention also includes all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopic variations of a compound of formula (I).
  • An isotopic variation is defined as one in which at least one atom is replaced by an atom having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass different from the atomic mass usually found in nature.
  • isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, such as 2 H and 3 H, carbon, such as 13 C and 14 C, nitrogen, such as 15 N, oxygen, such as 17 O and 18 O, phosphorus, such as 32 P, sulphur, such as 35 S, fluorine, such as 18 F, and chlorine, such as 36 CI.
  • substitution of the compounds of the invention with isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. 2 H, may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence may be preferred in some circumstances.
  • isotopic variations of the compounds of formula (I), for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies.
  • the radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. 3 H, and carbon-14, i.e. 14 C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.
  • lsotopic variations of the compounds of formula (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations using appropriate isotopic variations of suitable reagents.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be freeze-dried, spray-dried, or evaporatively dried to provide a solid plug, powder, or film of crystalline or amorphous material. Microwave or radio frequency drying may be used for this purpose.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are inhibitors of PDE-5. Accordingly, in a further aspect the present invention provides for the use of a compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, salt or solvate thereof, as a medicament, and particularly as a medicament for the treatment of a disease or condition where inhibition of PDE-5 is known, or can be shown, to produce a beneficial effect.
  • treatment includes palliative, curative and prophylactic treatment.
  • palliative treatment refers to treatment that eases or reduces the effect or intensity of a condition in a subject without curing the condition.
  • preventative treatment (and the corresponding term “prophylactic treatment”) refers to treatment that prevents the occurrence of a condition in a subject.
  • restorative treatment refers to treatment that halts the progression of, reduces the pathologic manifestations of, or entirely eliminates a condition in a subject.
  • the present invention further comprises methods for treating a condition in a subject having or susceptible to having such a condition, by administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) as described above.
  • the treatment is preventative treatment.
  • the treatment is palliative treatment.
  • the treatment is restorative treatment.
  • the conditions that can be treated in accordance with the present invention include, but are not limited to, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, central nervous system diseases, pulmonary diseases, sexual dysfunction, and renal dysfunction.
  • the present invention further comprises methods for treating a condition in a subject having or susceptible to having such a condition, by administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula (I) through (I-UU).
  • the condition is a cGMP-mediated condition.
  • the condition is a cardiovascular disease, including a cardiovascular disease selected from the group consisting of hypertension (such as essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, secondary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, hypertension associated with diabetes, hypertension associated with atherosclerosis, and renovascular hypertension) ; complications associated with hypertension (such as vascular organ damage, congestive heart failure, angina, stroke, glaucoma and impaired renal function); valvular insufficiency; stable, unstable and variant (Prinzmetal) angina; peripheral vascular disease; myocardial infarct; stroke; thromboembolic disease; restenosis; arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis; pulmonary arterial hypertension; angiostenosis after bypass; angioplasty (such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty); hyperlipidemia; hypoxic vasoconstriction; vasculitis, such as Kawasaki's syndrome; heart failure (such as conges),
  • the condition is a metabolic disease, including a metabolic disease selected from the group consisting of Syndrome X; insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance; diabetes (such as type I and type Il diabetes); syndromes of insulin resistance (such as insulin receptor disorders, Rabson- Mendenhall syndrome, leprechaunism, Kobberling-Dunnigan syndrome, Seip syndrome, Lawrence syndrome, Cushing syndrome, acromegaly, pheochomocytoma, glucagonoma, primary aldosteronism, somatostatinoma, Lipoatrophic diabetes, ⁇ -cell toxin induced diabetes, Grave's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and idiopathic Addison's disease); diabetic complications (such as diabetic gangrene, diabetic arthropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic glomerulosclerosis, diabetic deramatopathy, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral diabetic neuropathy, diabetic cataract, and diabetic retinopathy); hyperglycemia; and
  • the condition is a diseases of the central nervous system, including a disease of the central nervous system selected from the group consisting of vascular dementia; craniocerebral trauma; cerebral infarcts; concentration disorders (e.g. dementia, amnestic disorders, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD); Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease (e.g. dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias); amyolateral sclerosis (ALS); Huntington's disease; multiple sclerosis; Creutzfeld-Jacob; anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder; depression (e.g.
  • the condition is Alzheimer's disease.
  • the condition is Parkinson's disease.
  • the condition is ALS.
  • the condition is a concentration disorder.
  • the condition is a pulmonary disease, including a pulmonary disease selected from the group consisting of asthma; acute respiratory distress; cystic fibrosis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); bronchitis; and chronic reversible pulmonary obstruction.
  • a pulmonary disease selected from the group consisting of asthma; acute respiratory distress; cystic fibrosis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); bronchitis; and chronic reversible pulmonary obstruction.
  • the condition is sexual dysfunction, including sexual dysfunction selected from the group consisting of impotence (organic or psychic); male erectile dysfunction; clitoral dysfunction; sexual dysfunction after spinal cord injury; female sexual arousal disorder; female sexual orgasmic dysfunction; female sexual pain disorder; and female hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
  • the condition is erectile dysfunction.
  • the condition is renal dysfunction, including a renal dysfunction selected from the group consisting of acute or chronic renal failure; nephropathy (such as diabetic nephropathy); glomerulopathy; and nephritis.
  • a renal dysfunction selected from the group consisting of acute or chronic renal failure; nephropathy (such as diabetic nephropathy); glomerulopathy; and nephritis.
  • the condition is acute pain associated with, for example, injury or surgery.
  • the condition is chronic pain including neuropathic pain (including postherpetic neuralgia and pain associated with peripheral, cancer or diabetic neuropathy), carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain (including pain associated with herniated or ruptured intervertebral discs or abnormalities of the lumber facet joints, sacroiliac joints, paraspinal muscles or the posterior longitudinal ligament), headache, cancer pain including tumour related pain (e.g. bone pain, headache, facial pain or visceral pain) or pain associated with cancer therapy (e.g.
  • postchemotherapy syndrome chronic postsurgical pain syndrome, post radiation syndrome, pain associated with immunotherapy, or pain associated with hormonal therapy
  • arthritic pain including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis pain
  • chronic post-surgical pain post herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia HIV neuropathy, phantom limb pain, central post-stroke pain and pain associated with chronic alcoholism, hypothyroidism, uremia, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and vitamin deficiency.
  • the condition is nociceptive pain including pain from central nervous system trauma, strains/sprains, burns, myocardial infarction and acute pancreatitis, post-operative pain (pain following any type of surgical procedure), posttraumatic pain, renal colic, cancer pain and back pain.
  • the condition is pain associated with inflammation, including arthritic pain (including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid disease pain), ankylosing spondylitis, visceral pain (including inflammatory bowel disease, functional bowel disorder, gastro- esophageal relux, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain syndrome, Crohn's disease, ileitis, ulcerative colitis, dysmenorrhea!, cystitis, pancreaitis and pelvic pain).
  • arthritic pain including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid disease pain
  • ankylosing spondylitis visceral pain (including inflammatory bowel disease, functional bowel disorder, gastro- esophageal relux, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain syndrome, Crohn's disease, ileitis, ulcerative colitis, dysmenorrhea!, cystitis, pancreaitis and pelvic pain).
  • the condition is pain resulting from musculo-skeletal disorders, including myalgia, fibromyalgia, spondylitis, sero-negative (non-rheumatoid) arthropathies, non-articular rheumatism, dystrophinopathy, glycogenosis, polymyositis and pyomyositis.
  • the condition is selected from the group consisting of heart and vascular pain, including pain caused by angina, myocardical infarction, mitral stenosis, pericarditis, Raynaud's phenomenon, scleredoma and skeletal muscle ischemia.
  • the condition is selected from the group consisting of head pain, such as migraine (including migraine with aura and migraine without aura), cluster headache, tension-type headache mixed headache and headache associated with vascular disorders; orofacial pain, including dental pain, otic pain, burning mouth syndrome and temporomandibular myofascial pain.
  • head pain such as migraine (including migraine with aura and migraine without aura), cluster headache, tension-type headache mixed headache and headache associated with vascular disorders
  • orofacial pain including dental pain, otic pain, burning mouth syndrome and temporomandibular myofascial pain.
  • the condition is selected from the group consisting of tubulointerstitial disorders; anal fissure; baldness; benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); bladder outlet obstruction; cancerous cachexia; cerebral apoplexy; disorders of gut motility; enteromotility disorders; dysmenorrhoea (primary and secondary); glaucoma; macular degeneration; antiplatelet; haemorrhoids; incontinence; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); tumor metastasis; multiple sclerosis; neoplasia; nitrate intolerance; nutcracker oesophagus; osteoporosis; infertility; premature labor; psoriasis; retinal disease; skin necrosis; and urticaria.
  • the condition is osteoporosis.
  • the condition is associated with endothelial dysfunction, including conditions selected from the group consisting of atherosclerotic lesions, myocardial ischaemia, peripheral ischaemia, valvular insufficiency, pulmonary arterial hypertension, angina, vascular complications after vascular bypass, vascular dilation, vascular repermeabilisation, and heart transplantation.
  • the condition is a cGMP-mediated condition.
  • the present invention additionally comprises methods for inhibiting the PDE-5 enzyme in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-EE) as described above.
  • the methods and compounds of the present invention are suitable for use with, for example, mammalian subjects such as humans, other primates (e.g., monkeys, chimpanzees), companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, horses), farm animals (e.g., goats, sheep, pigs, cattle), laboratory animals (e.g., mice, rats), and wild and zoo animals (e.g., wolves, bears, deer).
  • the subject is human.
  • One or more compounds of the present invention can be used, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, in the treatment of various conditions or disease states.
  • the compound(s) of the present invention and other therapeutic agent(s) may be may be administered simultaneously (either in the same dosage form or in separate dosage forms) or sequentially.
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be administered with aspirin.
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
  • ACE angiotensin converting enzyme
  • examples of the one or more ACE inhibitors for use with the one or morecompound of Formulae (I) - (I-UU) include quinapril (such as ACCUPRILTM), perindopril (such as ACEONTM), captopril (such as CAPOTENTM), enalapril (such as VASOTECTM), ENALAPRILATTM, ramipril (such as ALT ACETM), cilazapril, delapril, fosenopril (such as MONOPRILTM), zofenopril, indolapril, benazepril (such as LOTENSINTM), lisinopril (such as PRINIVILTM or ZESTRILTM), spirapril, tran
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more alpha-beta blockers such as labetalol (such as NORMODYNETM or TRANDATETM).
  • alpha-beta blockers such as labetalol (such as NORMODYNETM or TRANDATETM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more angiotensin Il receptor blockers such as candesartan (such as ATACANDTM), eprosartan (such as TEVETENTM), irbesartan (such as AVEPROTM), losartan (such as COZAARTM), olmesartan, olmesartan medoxomil (such as BENICARTM), tasosartan, telmisartan (such as MICARDISTM), valsartan (such as DIOVANTM) or zolasartan.
  • angiotensin Il receptor blockers such as candesartan (such as ATACANDTM), eprosartan (such as TEVETENTM), irbesartan (such as AVEPROTM), losartan (such as COZAARTM), olmesartan, olmesartan medoxomil (such as BENIC
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more alpha-2-delta ligands such as gabapentin, pregabalin, [(1 R,5R,6S)-6- - -
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more beta blockers such as timolol (such as BLOCARDENTM), carteolol (such as CARTROLTM), carvedilol (such as COREGTM), nadolol (such as CORGARDTM), propranolol (such as INNOPRAN XLTM), betaxolol (such as KERLONETM), penbutolol (such as LEVATOLTM), metoprolol (such as LOPRESSORTM or TOPROL-XLTM), atenolol (such as TENORMINTM), or pindolol (such as VISKENTM).
  • beta blockers such as timolol (such as BLOCARDENTM), carteolol (such as CARTROLTM), carvedilol (such as COREGTM), nadolol (such as CORGARD
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine (such as ADALATTM, ADALAT CCTM or PROCARDIATM), verapamil (such as CALANTM, COVERA-HSTM, ISOPTIN SRTM or VERELANTM), diltiazem (such as CARDIZEMTM CARDIZEM CDTM, CARDIZEM LATM, CARDIZEM SRTM, DILACORTM, TIAMATETM or TIAZACTM), isradipine (such as DYNACIRCTM or DYNACIRC CRTM), amlodipine (such as NORVASCTM), felodipine (such as PLENDILTM), nisoldipine (such as SULARTM), or bepridil (such as VASCORTM).
  • nifedipine such as ADALATTM, ADALAT CCTM or PROCARDIATM
  • one or more compounds Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more central antiadrenergics such as methyldopa (such as ALDOMETTM), clonidine (such as CATAPRESTM or CATAPRES-TTSTM), guanfacine (such as TENEXTM), or guanabenz (such as WYTENSINTM).
  • methyldopa such as ALDOMETTM
  • clonidine such as CATAPRESTM or CATAPRES-TTSTM
  • guanfacine such as TENEXTM
  • guanabenz such as WYTENSINTM
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more diruretics such as hydroclorothiazide (such as MICROZIDETM or ORETICTM), hydroflumethiazide (such as SALURONTM), bemetanide (such as BUMEXTM), torsemide (such as
  • DEMADEXTM metolazone
  • ZAROXOLYNTM chlorothiazide
  • DIURILTM ESIDRIXTM or HYDRODIURILTM
  • triamterene such as DYRENIUMTM
  • ethacrynic acid such as EDECRINTM
  • chlorthalidone such as HYGROTONTM
  • furosemide such as LASIXTM
  • indapamide such as LOZOLTM
  • amiloride such as MIDAMORTM or MODURETICTM.
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more glycosides / inotropic agents such as digoxin (such as LANOXINTM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more organic nitrates or an NO donors.
  • Nitric oxide donor or “NO donor” refers to a compound that donates, releases and/or directly or indirectly transfers a nitrogen monoxide species, and/or stimulate the endogenous production of nitric oxide or endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in vivo and/or elevate endogenous levels of nitric oxide or EDRF in vivo.
  • NO donor also includes compounds that are substrates for nitric oxide synthase.
  • Examples of the one or more NO donors for use with one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) include S-nitrosothiols, nitrites, nitrates, N- oxo-N-nitrosamines, SPM 3672, SPM 5185, SPM 5186 and analogues thereof, sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, molsidomine, SIN-1 or substrates of the various isozymes of nitric oxide synthase. - -
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more human B-type natriuretic peptides (hBNP) such as nesiritide (such as NATRECORTM).
  • hBNP human B-type natriuretic peptides
  • nesiritide such as NATRECORTM
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more renin inhibitors such as Aliskiren (SPP 100).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more soluble guanylate cyclase activator ("sGCa").
  • sGCa soluble guanylate cyclase activator
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitors, such as, for example, omapatrilat, fasidotril,
  • NEP neutral endopeptidase
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more aldosterone receptor antagonists such as eplerenone (such as INSPRATM) or spironolactone (such as ALDACTONETM).
  • aldosterone receptor antagonists such as eplerenone (such as INSPRATM) or spironolactone (such as ALDACTONETM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more endothelian antagonists, such as BMS-193884.
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with niacin or one or more nicotinic acid derivatives, such as NIACORTM, NIASPANTM, NICOLARTM, or SLO-NIACINTM.
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more fibric acid derivatives, such as clofibrate (such as ATROMID-STM), gemfibrozil (such as LOPIDTM), or fenofibrate (such as TRICORTM).
  • fibric acid derivatives such as clofibrate (such as ATROMID-STM), gemfibrozil (such as LOPIDTM), or fenofibrate (such as TRICORTM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more cholesteryl ester transport protein inhibitors (CETPi), such as torcetrapib.
  • CETPi cholesteryl ester transport protein inhibitors
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more bile acid sequestants, such as colestipol (such as COLESTIDTM), cholestyramine (such as LOCHOLESTTM, PREVALITETM, QUESTRANTM, or QUESTRAN LIGHTTM), colesevelam (such as WELCHOLTM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with an apical sodium-dependent bile acid cotransporter inhibitors, such as AZD7806 or 264W94.
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more cholesterol absorbtion inhibitors, such as ezetimibe (such as ZETI ATM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) such as fluvastatin (such as LESCOLTM), atorvastatin (such as LIPITORTM), lovastatin (such as ALTOCORTM or MEVACORTM), pravastatin (such as PRAVACHOLTM), rosuvastatin (such as CRESTORTM), or simvastatin (such as ZOCORTM).
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as fluvastatin (such as LESCOLTM), atorvastatin (such as LIPITORTM), lovastatin (such as ALTOCORTM or MEVACORTM), pravastatin (such as PRAVACHOLTM), rosuvastatin (such as CRESTORTM), or simvastatin (such as ZOCORTM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more alpha glucosidase inhibitors, such as miglitol (such as GLYSETTM), or acarbose (such as
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more biguanides, such as roseiglitazone (such as AVANDAMETTM), or metformin (such as GLUCOPHAGETM or GLUCOPHAGE XRTM).
  • biguanides such as roseiglitazone (such as AVANDAMETTM), or metformin (such as GLUCOPHAGETM or GLUCOPHAGE XRTM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more insulins, such as HUMALOGTM, HUMALOG 50/50TM, HUMALOG 75/25TM, HUMULIN 50/50TM, HUMALIN 75/25TM, HUMALIN LTM, HUMALIN NTM, HUMALIN RTM, HUMALIN R U-500TM, HUMALIN UTM, ILETIN Il LENTETM, ILETIN Il NPHTM, ILETIN Il REGULARTM, LANTUSTM, NOVOLIN 70/30TM, NOVILIN NTM, NOVILIN RTM, NOVOLOGTM, or VELOSULIN BRTM.
  • insulins such as HUMALOGTM, HUMALOG 50/50TM, HUMALOG 75/25TM, HUMULIN 50/50TM, HUMALIN 75/25TM, HUMALIN LTM, HUMALIN NTM, HUMALIN RTM, HUMALIN
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more meglitnides, such as repaglinide (such as PRANDINTM) or nateglinide (such as STARLIXTM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more sulfonylureas, such as glimepiride (such as AMARYLTM), glyburide (such as DIABET ATM, GLYNASE PRESTABTM or MICRONASETM), or glipizide (such as GLUCOTROLTM, or GLUCOTROL XLTM).
  • one or more compounds of Formulae (I) through (I-UU) may be co-administered with one or more thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitazone (such as ACTOSTM) or rosiglitazone (such as AVANDIATM).
  • thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone (such as ACTOSTM) or rosiglitazone (such as AVANDIATM).
  • the present invention provides for a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a second pharmaceutically active agent selected from those listed in the preceding paragraph.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other drugs and will generally be administered as a formulation in association with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • excipient is used herein to describe any ingredient other than the compound of the invention. The choice of excipient will to a large extent depend on the particular mode of administration.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered orally.
  • Oral administration may involve swallowing, so that the compound enters the gastrointestinal tract, or buccal or sublingual administration may be employed by which the compound enters the blood stream directly from the mouth.
  • Formulations suitable for oral administration include solid formulations such as tablets, capsules containing particulates, liquids, or powders, lozenges (including liquid-filled), chews, multi- and nano-particulates, gels, films (including muco-adhesive), ovules, sprays and liquid formulations.
  • Liquid formulations include suspensions, solutions, syrups and elixirs. Such formulations may be employed as fillers in soft or hard capsules and typically comprise a carrier, for example, water, ethanol, propylene glycol, methylcellulose, or a suitable oil, and one or more emulsifying agents and/or suspending agents. Liquid formulations may also be prepared by the reconstitution of a solid, for example, from a sachet.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be used in fast-dissolving, fast-disintegrating dosage forms such as those described in Expert Opinion in Therapeutic Patents, H (6), 981-986 by Liang and Chen (2001 ).
  • composition of a typical tablet in accordance with the invention may comprise:
  • a typical tablet may be prepared using standard processes known to a formulation chemist, for example, by direct compression, granulation (dry, wet, or melt), melt congealing, or extrusion.
  • the tablet formulation may comprise one or more layers and may be coated or uncoated.
  • excipients suitable for oral administration include carriers, for example, cellulose, calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate, mannitol and sodium citrate, granulation binders, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidine, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and gelatin, disintegrants, for example, sodium starch glycolate and silicates, lubricating agents, for example, magnesium stearate and stearic acid, wetting agents, for example, sodium lauryl sulphate, preservatives, anti-oxidants, flavours and colourants.
  • carriers for example, cellulose, calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate, mannitol and sodium citrate
  • granulation binders for example, polyvinylpyrrolidine, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and gelatin
  • disintegrants for example, sodium starch glycolate and silicates
  • lubricating agents for example, magnesium stearate and stearic acid
  • wetting agents
  • Solid formulations for oral administration may be formulated to be immediate and/or modified release.
  • Modified release formulations include delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled dual-, targeted and programmed release. Details of suitable modified release technologies such as high energy dispersions, osmotic and coated particles are to be found in Verma et al, Pharmaceutical Technology On-line, 25(2), 1- 14 (2001). Other modified release formulations are described in US Patent No. 6,106,864.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered directly into the blood stream, into muscle, or into an internal organ.
  • Suitable means for parenteral administration include intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraventricular, intraurethral, intrasternal, intracranial, intramuscular and subcutaneous.
  • Suitable devices for parenteral administration include needle (including microneedle) injectors, needle-free injectors and infusion techniques.
  • Parenteral formulations are typically aqueous solutions which may contain excipients such as salts, carbohydrates and buffering agents (preferably to a pH of from 3 to 9), but, for some applications, they may be more suitably formulated as a sterile non-aqueous solution or as a dried form to be used in conjunction with a suitable vehicle such as sterile, pyrogen-free water.
  • excipients such as salts, carbohydrates and buffering agents (preferably to a pH of from 3 to 9)
  • a suitable vehicle such as sterile, pyrogen-free water.
  • parenteral formulations under sterile conditions may readily be accomplished using standard pharmaceutical techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • solubility of compounds of formula (I) used in the preparation of parenteral solutions may be increased by suitable processing, for example, the use of high energy spray-dried dispersions (see WO 01/47495) and/or by the use of appropriate formulation techniques, such as the use of solubility- enhancing agents.
  • Formulations for parenteral administration may be formulated to be immediate and/or modified release.
  • Modified release formulations include delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled dual-, targeted and programmed release.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered topically to the skin or mucosa, either dermally or transdermally.
  • Typical formulations for this purpose include gels, hydrogels, lotions, solutions, creams, ointments, dusting powders, dressings, foams, films, skin patches, wafers, implants, sponges, fibres, bandages and microemulsions. Liposomes may also be used.
  • Typical carriers include alcohol, water, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, glycerin and propylene glycol. Penetration enhancers may be incorporated - see, for example, Finnin and Morgan, J Pharm Sci, 88 (10), 955-958 (October 1999).
  • topical administration include delivery by iontophoresis, electroporation, phonophoresis, sonophoresis and needle-free or microneedle injection.
  • Formulations for topical administration may be formulated to be immediate and/or modified release.
  • Modified release formulations include delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled dual-, targeted and programmed release.
  • compounds of the invention may be formulated in a more solid form for administration as an implanted depot providing long-term release of the active compound.
  • the compounds of the invention can also be administered intranasally or by inhalation, typically in the form of a dry powder (either alone, as a mixture, for example, in a dry blend with lactose, or as a mixed component particle, for example, mixed with phospholipids) from a dry powder inhaler or as an aerosol spray from a pressurised container, pump, spray, atomiser (preferably an atomiser using electrohydrodynamics to produce a fine mist), or nebuliser, with or without the use of a suitable propellant, such as dichlorofluoromethane.
  • a dry powder either alone, as a mixture, for example, in a dry blend with lactose, or as a mixed component particle, for example, mixed with phospholipids
  • atomiser preferably an atomiser using electrohydrodynamics to produce a fine mist
  • nebuliser with or without the use of a suitable propellant, such as dichlorofluoromethane.
  • the pressurised container, pump, spray, atomizer, or nebuliser contains a solution or suspension of the active compound comprising, for example, ethanol (optionally, aqueous ethanol) or a suitable alternative agent for dispersing, solubilising, or extending release of the active, the propellant(s) as solvent and an optional surfactant, such as sorbitan trioleate or an oligolactic acid.
  • the active compound comprising, for example, ethanol (optionally, aqueous ethanol) or a suitable alternative agent for dispersing, solubilising, or extending release of the active, the propellant(s) as solvent and an optional surfactant, such as sorbitan trioleate or an oligolactic acid.
  • the drug product Prior to use in a dry powder or suspension formulation, the drug product is micronised to a size suitable for delivery by inhalation (typically less than 5 microns). This may be achieved by any appropriate comminuting method, such as spiral jet milling, fluid bed jet milling, supercritical fluid processing to form nanoparticles, high pressure homogenisation, or spray drying.
  • comminuting method such as spiral jet milling, fluid bed jet milling, supercritical fluid processing to form nanoparticles, high pressure homogenisation, or spray drying.
  • a suitable solution formulation for use in an atomiser using electrohydrodynamics to produce a fine mist may contain from 1 ⁇ g to 10mg of the compound of the invention per actuation and the actuation volume may vary from 1 ⁇ l to 100 ⁇ l.
  • a typical formulation may comprise a compound of formula (I), propylene glycol, sterile water, ethanol and sodium chloride.
  • Alternative solvents which may be used instead of propylene glycol include glycerol and polyethylene glycol.
  • Capsules, blisters and cartridges for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated to contain a powder mix of the compound of the invention, a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch and a performance modifier such as /-leucine, mannitol, or magnesium stearate.
  • the dosage unit is determined by means of a valve which delivers a metered amount.
  • Units in accordance with the invention are typically arranged to administer a metered dose or "puff" containing from 1 ⁇ g to 20mg of the compound of formula (I).
  • the overall daily dose will typically be in the range 1 ⁇ g to 80mg which may be administered in a single dose or, more usually, as divided doses throughout the day.
  • Formulations for inhaled/intranasal administration may be formulated to be immediate and/or modified release.
  • Modified release formulations include delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled dual-, targeted and programmed release.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered rectally or vaginally, for example, in the form of a suppository, pessary, or enema. Cocoa butter is a traditional suppository base, but various alternatives may be used as appropriate.
  • Formulations for rectal/vaginal administration may be formulated to be immediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations include delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled dual-, targeted and programmed release.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered directly to the eye or ear, typically in the form of drops of a micronised suspension or solution in isotonic, pH-adjusted, sterile saline.
  • Other formulations suitable for ocular and andial administration include ointments, biodegradable (e.g. absorbable gel sponges, collagen) and non-biodegradable (e.g. silicone) implants, wafers, lenses and particulate or vesicular systems, such as niosomes or liposomes.
  • a polymer such as crossed-linked polyacrylic acid, polyvinylalcohol, hyaluronic acid, a cellulosic polymer, for example, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, or methyl cellulose, or a heteropolysaccharide polymer, for example, gelan gum, may be incorporated together with a preservative, such as benzalkonium chloride.
  • a preservative such as benzalkonium chloride.
  • Such formulations may also be delivered by iontophoresis.
  • Formulations for ocular/andial administration may be formulated to be immediate and/or modified release.
  • Modified release formulations include delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled dual-, targeted, or programmed release.
  • the compounds of the invention may be combined with soluble macromolecular entities such as cyclodextrin or polyethylene glycol-containing polymers to improve their solubility, dissolution rate, taste- masking, bioavailability and/or stability.
  • soluble macromolecular entities such as cyclodextrin or polyethylene glycol-containing polymers
  • Drug-cyclodextrin complexes are found to be generally useful for most dosage forms and administration routes. Both inclusion and non-inclusion complexes may be used.
  • the cyclodextrin may be used as an auxiliary additive, i.e. as a carrier, diluent, or solubiliser. Most commonly used for these purposes are alpha-, beta- and gamma- cyclodextrins, examples of which may be found in International Patent Applications Nos. WO 91/11172, WO 94/02518 and WO 98/55148.
  • the total daily dose of the compounds of the invention is typically in the range 0.1 mg to 500mg depending, of course, on the mode of administration.
  • oral administration may require a total daily dose of from 0.1 mg to 500mg, while an intravenous dose may only require from 0.01 mg to 50mg.
  • the total daily dose may be administered in single or divided doses.
  • These dosages are based on an average human subject having a weight of about 65 to 70kg. The physician will readily be able to determine doses for subjects whose weight falls outside this range, such as infants and the elderly. _
  • the carboxylic acid of formula (II) is converted to the corresponding amide of formula (III) either directly or, preferably, via an acid chloride intermediate.
  • Direct conversion may be achieved by treating a solution of the acid with excess ammonia in the presence of a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide (e.g dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide) and optionally a hydroxytriazole such as HOBT or HOAT.
  • a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide (e.g dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide) and optionally a hydroxytriazole such as HOBT or HOAT.
  • Suitable solvents include dichloromethane and ethyl acetate.
  • Indirect conversion may be achieved by forming an acid chloride by treatment of Il with oxalyl chloride and ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, or with thionyl chloride.
  • a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or dioxan
  • gaseous ammonia or aqueous ammonia to provide the amide of formula (III).
  • a solution of the acid of formula (II) in dichloromethane is treated at room temperature with oxalyl chloride and a catalytic quantity of ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide for 2 hours.
  • the mixture is then cooled to -20 0 C, excess ammonia is added, and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours at a temperature of between -20°C and room temperature.
  • R 6 When R 6 is R 6A , this group may be introduced in an ⁇ /-alkylation step.
  • the compound of formula (III) may be treated with a base such as an alkaline metal carbonate or bicarbonate, for example potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, or a tertiary amine, for example triethylamine, ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine or pyridine, and the appropriate chloride (R 6A -CI), bromide (R 6A -Br), iodide (R 6A -I), mesylate (R 6A -OSO 2 CH 3 ) or tosylate (R 6A -OSO 2 Tol) in a suitable solvent at a temperature of between -2O 0 C and 100 0 C.
  • a base such as an alkaline metal carbonate or bicarbonate, for example potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, or a tertiary amine, for example triethylamine,
  • Suitable solvents include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxan, lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol, ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone, ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile.
  • an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide may be used as the base.
  • Suitable solvents then include water and mixtures of water and water-miscible organic solvents.
  • an alkali metal (CrC 4 )alkoxide such as sodium methoxide or potassium tert-butoxide may be used as the base.
  • Suitable solvents then include the corresponding lower alcohols (i.e. methanol for sodium methoxide), ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxan, ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, N 1 N- dimethylformamide and acetonitrile.
  • Stronger bases such as sodium hydride and sodium or potassium hexamethyldisilazide may also be used.
  • Suitable solvents then include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxan, ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, and
  • reaction may also be carried out under phase transfer conditions using aqueous sodium or potassium hydroxide as base, dichloromethane or chloroform as organic solvent, and a tetraalkylammonium chloride or hydroxide as phase transfer catalyst.
  • the transformation may be achieved using the Mitsunobu reaction (Organic Reactions 1992, 42), in which a solution of the compound of formula (III) and the appropriate alcohol R 6A -OH in a suitable solvent is treated with triphenylphosphine and a dialkyl azodicarboxylate such as diethyl azodicarboxylate or diisopropyl azodicarboxylate.
  • Suitable solvents include tetrahydrofuran and dioxan.
  • the reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of between -1O 0 C and ambient temperature.
  • the compounds of formula (III) is treated with either 1 equivalent of R 6A -Br and 1 equivalent of potassium carbonate in ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide at room temperature for 18 hours, or with 1.2 equivalents of R 6A -OH, 1.4 equivalents of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and 1.4 equivalents of triphenylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran at a temperature of between 0 0 C and 25°C for 2 hours.
  • reaction may give the N 1 - or N 2 - alkylated product, or a mixture of the two.
  • the individual components may be separated using conventional methods such as chromatography or fractional crystallization.
  • Reduction of the nitro group of compounds of formula (IV) to provide the amines of formula (V) can be achieved by, for example, transfer or catalytic hydrogenation, or by a dissolving metal reduction.
  • the nitro compound is reacted with a suitable hydrogen donor, such as ammonium formate or cyclohexene, in a polar solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a transition metal or transition metal salt catalyst, such as palladium or palladium(ll) hydroxide, optionally at elevated temperature and pressure.
  • a suitable hydrogen donor such as ammonium formate or cyclohexene
  • a polar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methanol or ethanol
  • a transition metal or transition metal salt catalyst such as palladium or palladium(ll) hydroxide
  • a solution of the nitro compound in a polar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methanol or ethanol
  • a transition metal or transition metal salt catalyst such as palladium or Raney ® nickel
  • the catalyst may be in solution (homogeneous catalysis) or in suspension (heterogeneous catalysis).
  • the nitro compound in ethanol is treated with a suitable reactive metal, such as zinc or tin, in the presence of an acid such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid.
  • a suitable reactive metal such as zinc or tin
  • an acid such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid.
  • reducing agents such as tin(ll) chloride, may also be used.
  • a solution of the compound of formula (IV) in methanol or ethanol is treated with 10% (by weight) of 10% Pd(OH) 2 -on-carbon and 5 equivalents of ammonium formate, and the mixture is heated at reflux for between 2 and 18 hours.
  • a solution of the pyrazolecarboxamide (V) and phosgene or an equivalent thereof, such as 1 ,1'- carbonyldiimidazole, trichloromethyl chloroformate or bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate, in a suitable solvent is stirred at a temperature of between ambient temperature and the boiling point of the solvent, optionally at elevated pressure, for between 2 and 18 hours to provide the corresponding pyrazolopyrimidinedione of formula (Vl).
  • Suitable solvents include acetonitrile, dichloromethane and ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide.
  • a solution of the dione and 1 to 2 equivalents of carbonyl diimidazole in acetonitrile, N 1 N- dimethylformamide or dichloromethane is heated at a temperature of between 50 0 C and 80 0 C for 18 hours.
  • the dione of formula (Vl) is treated with a large excess of a suitable chlorinating reagent such as phosphorus oxychloride (POCI 3 ) or phenylphosphonyl dichloride (PhP(O)CI 2 ) in the presence of a tertiary amine such as ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine, ⁇ /-methylmorpholine, triethylamine or ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylaniline at elevated temperature for 8-48 hours to provide the corresponding dichloropyrazolopyrimidine of formula (VII).
  • a suitable chlorinating reagent such as phosphorus oxychloride (POCI 3 ) or phenylphosphonyl dichloride (PhP(O)CI 2 )
  • a tertiary amine such as ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine, ⁇ /-methylmorpholine, triethylamine or ⁇ /, ⁇
  • the dione is treated with POCI 3 or PhP(O)CI 2 in a suitable solvent in the presence of a tetraalkylammonium chloride, such as tetraethylammonium chloride, at elevated temperature.
  • suitable solvents include acetonitrile and propionitrile.
  • the dione is treated with 10-30 equivalents of POCI 3 and 3-5 equivalents of tetraethylammonium chloride in propionitrile at reflux for 4-18 hours.
  • Step (f) A solution of the dichloride of formula (VII), the amine HNR 1 R 2 and an excess of a tertiary amine such as ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine, ⁇ /-methylmorpholine or triethylamine in a suitable solvent are stirred at ambient or elevated temperature for between 1 and 24 hours to provide the corresponding compound of formula (VIII).
  • Suitable solvents include dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone.
  • reaction may be carried out under microwave irradiation.
  • a solution of the amine HNR 1 R 2 in a suitable solvent is treated with butyllithium or sodium hexamethyldisilazide at low temperature, and the dichloride is added to the resulting solution.
  • Suitable solvents include tetrahydrofuran, dioxan and ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone.
  • either the dichloride is treated with 3-5 equivalents of the amine HNR 1 R 2 and optionally 3-5 equivalents of ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine in dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide or a mixture of dimethylsulfoxide and ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone at 20-90°C for 1 -18 hours, or a solution of 2-4 equivalents of HNR 1 R 2 in tetrahydrofuran is treated with an equimolar amount of butyllithium or sodium hexamethyldisilazide, 1 equivalent of the dichloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at a temperature of between 0 0 C and room temperature for between 2 and 3 hours.
  • any functional groups that are substituents on R 1 may need to be protected in order to allow this reaction to proceed successfully.
  • Suitable protecting groups are well known in the art, and are described in, for example, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", Greene, T. W. and Wutts, P. G. M., 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 1999.
  • Examples of protecting groups for primary and secondary amines include tert- butyloxycarbonyl (BOC), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ or Z) and 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) groups.
  • Carboxylic acids may be protected as their methyl, ethyl, benzyl or fert-butyl esters.
  • Alcohols may be protected as ester or ether derivatives.
  • a solution of the monochloride (VIII) and the amine HNR 3 R 4 in a suitable dipolar aprotic solvent are stirred at elevated temperature for between 1 and 24 hours to provide the corresponding compound of formula (I).
  • Suitable solvents include dimethylsulfoxide, ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide and ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone.
  • An excess of a tertiary amine such as ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine, ⁇ /-methylmorpholine or triethylamine and/or a fluoride source such as cesium fluoride or tetraethylammonium fluoride may optionally be included. It is sometimes necessary to perform the reaction at elevated pressure in a closed vessel, particularly when the amine HNR 3 R 4 or the solvent is volatile.
  • reaction may be carried out under microwave irradiation.
  • Preferred conditions are: the monochloride is treated with 3-5 equivalents of the amine HNR 3 R 4 and optionally with 3-5 equivalents of ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine in dimethylsulfoxide or ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, optionally in a sealed vessel, at 80-125 0 C for 12-18 hours; or
  • the monochloride is treated with 3-5 equivalents of the amine HNR 3 R 4 and 1 equivalent of cesium fluoride in dimethylsulfoxide or ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, optionally in a sealed vessel, at 100-120 0 C; or
  • the monochloride is treated with 3-5 equivalents of the amine HNR 3 R 4 and optionally with 3-5 equivalents of ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine and/or optionally in the presence of cesium fluoride or tetraethylammonium fluoride in ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone or DMSO under microwave irradiation for 40 minutes.
  • any functional groups in -NR 3 R 4 may need to be protected in order to allow this reaction to proceed successfully.
  • step (f) and (g) it is possible to perform the transformations of steps (f) and (g) as a "one-pot" operation, i.e. without isolating the monochloride of formula (VIII).
  • the compound of formula (VII) is treated with the amine HNR 1 R 2 , as described in step (f), then the amine HNR 3 R 4 is added to the mixture and the reaction is carried forward as described in step (g).
  • This protocol may be a single operation or may proceed in several steps. It may also be combined with the preceding synthetic manipulation.
  • tert- butyloxycarbonyl-protected amines and tert-butyl esters of carboxylic acids may be deprotected by treatment with acids such as trifluoroacetic acid or anhydrous hydrogen chloride in a suitable solvent
  • acids such as trifluoroacetic acid or anhydrous hydrogen chloride
  • benzyloxycarbonyl-protected amines and benzyl esters of carboxylic acids may be deprotected by catalytic hydrogenolysis
  • 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-protected amines may be deprotected by treatment with piperidine
  • methyl and ethyl esters of carboxylic acids may be deprotected by treatment with an alkali metal hydroxide.
  • tert-butyloxycarbonyl and fe/t-butyl protecting groups are removed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane at room temperature for between 1 and 18 hours, or, for tert- butyloxycarbonyl protecting groups, by treatment with excess hydrogen chloride in dioxan at room temperature for 18 hours.
  • Benzyl protecting groups are preferably removed by hydrogenation at 60psi in the presence of Pd(OH) 2 in ethanolic hydrogen chloride at room temperature for 18 hours.
  • the 1 ,3-diketones of formula (X) that are the starting materials for the Knorr pyrazole synthesis can be prepared from the corresponding methyl ketones of formula (IX) using a crossed Claisen condensation.
  • the methyl ketone of formula (IX) is reacted with dimethyl oxalate in a suitable solvent in the presence of a suitable base.
  • suitable solvents include ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran.
  • Suitable bases include sodium hydride, potassium tert-butoxide and lithium diisopropylamide. Alternatively, sodium methoxide may be used as the base and methanol as the solvent.
  • the 1 ,3-diketone of formula (X) may be reacted with hydrazine to give a pyrazole of formula (Xl) following the well-known methodology of the Knorr pyrazole synthesis.
  • substituted hydrazines R 6A NHNH 2 may also be used in the Knorr pyrazole synthesis to provide analogues of the compounds of formula (Xl) which are ⁇ /-alkylated.
  • a mixture of N 1 - and / ⁇ -alkylated product is normally produced and the individual components may be separated using conventional methods such as chromatography or fractional crystallization.
  • Step (j) In this variant of the Pechmann pyrazole synthesis, a diazo compound of formula (XII) is reacted with methyl propiolate to provide a pyrazole of formula (Xl).
  • the diazo compounds of formula (XII) can be prepared by known methods, such as from the corresponding primary amine R 5 CH 2 NH 2 via an N- arylsulfonyl- ⁇ /-nitroso derivative.
  • the conversion may conveniently be accomplished by treating the compound of formula (Xl) with an alkaline metal hydroxide such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in a suitable solvent at a temperature of between about 10 0 C and the boiling point of the solvent.
  • suitable solvents include water, methanol, ethanol and mixtures of water with methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dioxan.
  • the nitration of pyrazoles is well known.
  • the compounds of formula (XIV) are treated with a nitrating agent such as nitric acid or a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid to provide the compounds of formula (II).
  • esters of formula (XVIII A ), i.e. compounds of formula (XVIII) wherein R 6 is attached at the N 1 - position, and of formula (XVIII B ), i.e. compounds of formula (XVIII) wherein R 6 is attached at the N 2 - position, can be prepared according to the methods summarized in Scheme 3.
  • Dimethyl 4-nitropyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate (XV), which is readily prepared according to the method described in published international patent application WO00/24745 (see preparation 2, page 48), can be N-alkylated according to the methods described in part 1 , step (b), above.
  • XV Dimethyl 4-nitropyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate
  • the sensitivity of the ester groups to hydrolysis and trans-esterification means that alkali metal hydroxides and alkoxides (other than methoxides) cannot be used as bases, and water and alcohols (other than methanol) cannot be used as a solvents or cosolvents.
  • the diester is treated with 1 equivalent of potassium hydroxide in methanol at room temperature for 18 hours.
  • the introduction of the -NR 1 R 2 group is preferably achieved by treating the corresponding dichloride with 3-5 equivalents of HNR 1 R 2 in dimethylsulfoxide at 3O 0 C for 1 hour.
  • Scheme 4 summarizes synthetic routes that are particularly useful for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein R 5 is hydroxymethyl, alkoxymethyl, haloalkoxymethyl or cycloalkoxymethyl.
  • X represents a leaving group such as a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom or an alkyl, aryl or perfluoroalkylsulfonate group (for example a methanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate or trifluoromethanesulfonate group)
  • R a represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl or haloalkyl group.
  • the reduction of the esters of formula (XVIII) to provide the primary alcohols of formula (XIX) can be achieved using a metal hydride reagent such as lithium aluminum hydride, lithium borohydride, lithium triethylborohydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) in a suitable solvent at a temperature of less than 0 0 C.
  • suitable solvents include hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and toluene, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof.
  • the ester can be reduced by hydrogenation over a copper chromite catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure.
  • the ester is treated with 8-10 equivalents of DIBAL in tetrahydrofuran at a temperature of between -78°C and -5°C for 15 minutes to 1 hour.
  • Compounds of formula (XX) wherein X is Br may be prepared from the alcohols of formula (XIX) by treatment with hydrogen bromide or a mixture of triphenylphosphine and bromine, tetrabromomethane or ⁇ /-bromosuccinimide, optionally in the presence of pyridine, in a suitable solvent such as diethyl ether, dichloromethane or propionitrile.
  • a suitable solvent such as diethyl ether, dichloromethane or propionitrile.
  • the alcohol is treated with triphenylphosphine and tetrabromomethane in dichloromethane at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • Compounds of formula (XX) wherein X is Cl may be prepared from the alcohols of formula (XIX) by treatment with thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride or a mixture of triphenylphosphine and N- chlorosuccinimide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane.
  • a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane.
  • the alcohol is treated with excess thionyl chloride in dichloromethane for 2-18 hours.
  • Compounds of formula (XX) wherein X is an alkylsulfonate, arylsulfonate or perfluoroalkylsulfonate may be prepared from the alcohols of formula (XIX) by treatment with a sulfonyl chloride or anhydride, such as methanesulfonyl chloride (mesyl chloride), toluenesulfonyl chloride (tosyl chloride) or trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (triflic anhydride), in the presence of a tertiary amine such as triethylamine, ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine or ⁇ /-methylmorpholine, in a suitable solvent, for example dichloromethane.
  • a tertiary amine such as triethylamine, ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine or ⁇ /-methylmorpholine
  • a suitable solvent
  • Compounds of formula (XXI) may be obtained by treating the corresponding compounds of formula (XX) with a sodium or potassium alkoxide, NaOR a or KOR a .
  • the compounds of formula (XX) may be treated with an excess of the alcohol R a OH and a catalyst such as silver tetrafluoroborate (AgBF 4 ).
  • Suitable solvents include acetonitrile, ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone and ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide.
  • the alcohol R a OH may be used as solvent provided that it can be removed easily after the reaction, for example by evaporation.
  • a compound of formula (XX) wherein X is Cl or Br is treated with an excess of NaOR a in N 1 N- dimethylformamide or R a OH at room temperature for between 30 minutes and 72 hours.
  • Step (u) Compounds of formula (XXI) may also be obtained from the primary alcohols of formula (XIX) by reaction with an alkylating agent R a -X, using methods analogous to those discussed in part (t) above.
  • a solution of the alcohol of formula (XIX) in a suitable solvent for example ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide or acetonitrile, may be treated with a strong base such as sodium hydride to form the sodium alkoxide, and then with the alkylating agent R a -X.
  • the synthetic route illustrated in Scheme 5 can be low yielding in cases where the amine HNR 1 R 2 is only weakly nucleophilic, such as when R 1 is a pyrimidine or pyrazine ring. In these cases, it is necessary to reduce the ester group prior to the introduction of the -NR 1 R 2 group, as illustrated in Scheme 5.
  • Compounds of formula (XXIII) may be obtained from the compounds of formula (XXII) following the methods of part 4, step (q), above.
  • the primary alcohol is then protected to give compounds of formula (XXIV), wherein PG is an alcohol protecting group.
  • a preferred protecting group is a trialkylsilyl group, particularly a terf-butyldimethylsilyl group.
  • the alcohol is treated with 1.1 equivalents of tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride and 1.1 equivalents of imidazole in dichloromethane at room temperature for 18 hours.
  • Step (Z) Compounds of formula (XXV) may be obtained from the compounds of formula (XXIV) following the methods of part 1 , step (f), above.
  • the compounds of formula (XXV) are deprotected to provide the primary alcohols of formula (XIX) using appropriate conditions.
  • PG is a trialkylsilyl group it may be removed by treatment with a fluoride salt, such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, or with hydrogen chloride in methanol.
  • a fluoride salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride
  • hydrogen chloride in methanol preferably, when PG is a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group it is removed by treatment with 2 equivalents of tetrabutylammonium fluorine in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature for 18 hours, or with hydrogen chloride in methanol at room temperature for 18 hours.
  • Scheme 6 summarizes four methods available for the synthesis of trifluoro methylpyrazole carboxylic acid esters of Formula (XXVII). Other methods known in the art may also be used.
  • Ethyl ⁇ -trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-S-carboxylate (XXVII) may be prepared by reaction of ethyl diazoacetate and 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1 -propene in ether according to the procedure of M. -A. Plancquaert, M. Redon, Z. Janousek, H. G. Viehe ( Tetrahedron, 52 (12), 4383-4396 (1996) ).
  • Step (gg) Ethyl propiolate may be reacted with 2,2,2-trifluorodiazoethane in ether to give XXVII according to the procedure of J. H. Atherton and R. Fields ( J. Chem Soc.(C) , 1968, 1507-1513).
  • 3-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole may be oxidized to the carboxylic acid derivative using, for example, potassium permanganate according to the procedure outlined in U.S. Patent 4,282,361.
  • Step (jj) The ⁇ -trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-S-carboxylate prepared in Step (hh) may be converted to the ethyl ester, XXVII, for example, reacting with ethanolic HCI according to well known procedures.
  • R 5 CF 3
  • 3-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole (commercially available) is nitrated according to the procedure of U.S. Patent 4,282,361 , Example 4 using a sulfuric acid / nitric acid mixture.
  • the nitro intermediate from Step (kk) can be oxidized to the carboxylic acid Formula XXIX using, for example, potassium permanganate oxidation according to U.S. Patent 4,282,361 , Example 5.
  • XXIX can be converted to the ethyl ester using ethanolic HCI according to the procedure outlined in U.S. Patent 4,282,361 or by simply treating XXIX with ethanol and adding sufficient dioxane / HCI and refluxing.
  • Nitration of XXVII may be accomplished using well known procedures, for example, contacting with sulfuric acid / nitric acid mixtures according to the procedure resulting in nitropyrazole, Figure ( XXVIII).
  • the carboxylic acid of Formula (XXIX) may be converted to the corresponding amide of Formula (XXXI) either directly or via an acid chloride intermediate.
  • Direct conversion may be achieved by treating a solution of the acid with excess ammonia in the presence of a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide (e.gdicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide) and optionally a hydroxytriazole such as HOBT or HOAT.
  • a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide (e.gdicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide) and optionally a hydroxytriazole such as HOBT or HOAT.
  • Suitable solvents include dichloromethane and ethyl acetate.
  • Indirect conversion may be achieved by forming an acid chloride by treatment of XXIX with oxalyl chloride and ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, or with thionyl chloride.
  • R 6 When R 6 is R ,6 D A A , this group may be introduced in an ⁇ /-alkylation step.
  • the compounds of Formula (XXVIII) or Formula (XXXI) may be treated with a base such as an alkaline metal carbonate or bicarbonate, for example potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, or a tertiary amine, for example triethylamine, ⁇ /-ethyldiisopropylamine or pyridine, and the appropriate chloride (R -Cl), bromide (R -,6A-Br), iodide (R 6A -I), mesylate (R 6A -OSO 2 CH 3 ) or tosylate (R 6A -OSO 2 Tol) in a suitable solvent at a temperature of between -2O 0 C and 100°C.
  • a base such as an alkaline metal carbonate or bicarbonate, for example potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, or a ter
  • Suitable solvents include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, or ethanol, ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone, ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile.
  • ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone, ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile.
  • an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide may be used as the base.
  • Suitable solvents then include water and mixtures of water and water-miscible organic solvents.
  • an alkali metal (Ci-C 4 )alkoxide such as sodium ethoxide or potassium tert-butoxide may be used as the base.
  • Suitable solvents then include the corresponding alcohols (i.e. ethanol for sodium ethoxide), ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile.
  • Suitable solvents then include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, ⁇ /-methylpyrrolidinone, and ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide.
  • the reaction may also be carried out under phase transfer conditions using aqueous sodium or potassium hydroxide as base, dichloromethane or chloroform as organic solvent, and a tetraalkylammonium chloride or hydroxide as phase transfer catalyst.
  • the transformation may be achieved using the Mitsunobu reaction (Organic Reactions 1992, 42) in which a solution of a compound of Formula (XXVIII) or Formula (XXXI) and the appropriate alcohol R 6A -OH in a suitable solvent is treated with triphenylphosphine and a dialkyl azodicarboxylate such as diethyl azodicarboxylate or diisopropyl azodicarboxylate.
  • Suitable solvents include tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
  • the reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of between -10°C and 50 0 C.
  • the compound of Formula (XXVIII) or (XXXI) is treated with either 1 equivalent of R 6A -Br and 1 equivalent of potassium carbonate in ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide at room temperature for 18 hours, or with 1.2 equivalents of R 6 ⁇ -OH, 1.4 equivalents of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and 1.4 equivalents of triphenylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran at a temperature of between 0°C and 50°C.
  • reaction may give the N 1 - or ⁇ / 2 - alkylated product, or a mixture of the two. Where a mixture is produced then the individual components may be separated using conventional methods such as chromatography or fractional crystallization.
  • compounds of Formula XXX may be hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid by well known means and converted to the amide using procedures outlined in Step (rr) above. 9.
  • Step (ss) The oxidation of the alcohols of formula (XIX) can be achieved using a chromium(VI) reagent such as pyridinium chlorochromate, an activated dimethylsulfoxide reagent as in the Swern oxidation protocol, a hypervalent iodine reagent such as the Dess-Martin periodinane, or a combination of tetra-n- propylammonium perruthenate and ⁇ /-methylmorpholine- ⁇ /-oxide in a suitable solvent at a temperature of between O 0 C and ambient temperature. Suitable solvents include dichloromethane.
  • a preferred reagent is the Dess-Martin periodinane.
  • the aldehydes of formula (XXXII) may also be prepared from the corresponding esters by reduction with DIBAL at low temperature, but in practice it is very difficult to stop the reduction at the aldehyde stage, and the primary alcohol is generally the major product.
  • R 5 is alkyl substituted with a hydroxyl group.
  • the compounds of formula (XXXIII) may be carried forward as discussed in Scheme 4 above for the primary alcohol analogues. For example, they may be alkylated to provide the compounds of formula (XXXIV) following the methods described in Scheme 4, steps (s) and (t), or Scheme 4, step (u), above.
  • the aldehydes of formula (XXXII) may be treated with a phosphorane reagent Ph 3 P:C(R c )R d , where R c and R d are hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl, to provide compounds of formula (XXXV), in which there is a double bond adjacent to the pyrazolopyrimidine nucleus.
  • Analogous compounds may also be prepared from the alcohols of formula (XXXIII) when R a is CH(R c )R d by acid-catalysed dehydration, or by base-catalysed elimination from the corresponding chloride or mesylate.
  • the double bond in compounds of formula (XXXV) may be reduced by catalytic hydrogenation.
  • Step (xx) The use of (methoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane in the Wittig reaction of step (w) provides the enol ethers of formula (XXXVII). Step (yy)
  • the enol ethers of formula (XXXVII) may be hydrolysed in acid solution to provide the aldehydes of formula (XXXVIII). These may then be elaborated in the same ways as discussed above for the aldehydes of formula (XXXII).
  • Example 52 1. 1-l3-Ethyl-7-r(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminoM-r2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyll-1 H-pyrazolor4.3- dipyrimidin-5-yl)piperidine-3-carboxamide
  • Example 28 The material from Example 28 (0.207 g, 0.39 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 ml.) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (1.0 mL). After stirring for 3 h, the mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using concentrated ammonium hydroxide/methanol/methylene chloride (1/9/90) as the eluant to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (95 mg). HRMS calcd for C 17 H 22 F 3 N 9 OH-H 1 426.1972, found 426.1990.
  • the title compound was prepared by the method described in Example 169 using 5-chloro-1-(2- ethoxyethyl)-3-(ethoxymethyl)-N-pyridin-2-yl-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (prepared via Preparation 100 using sodium ethoxide in step 3) and (2R)-2-methylpiperazine as the starting material.
  • Example 176 ⁇ -rd S ⁇ S ⁇ . ⁇ -Diazabicvclo ⁇ .ilhept ⁇ -vn-i ⁇ -ethoxyethvD ⁇ -fethoxymethvn-N-K-fluorophenvn-I H- pvrazolor4.3-dlpyrimidin-7-amine.
  • the title compound was prepared by the method of Example 169 using 5-chloro-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3- (ethoxymethyl)-N-(4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (prepared following Preparation 101 but using 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridine in step 1) and (R)-2-methylpiperazine as starting materials.
  • the title compound was prepared by the method of Example 169 using 5-chloro-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3- (methoxymethyl)-N-(4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (prepared following Preparation 100 but using 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridine in step 1) and (R)-2-methylpiperazine as starting materials.
  • the title compound was prepared by the method of Example 169 using 5-chloro-1 -(2-ethoxyethyl)-3- (methoxymethyl)-N-(4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (prepared following Preparation 100 but using 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridine in step 1) and 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane as starting materials.
  • the title compound was prepared by the method of Example 169 using 5-chloro-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-N-(6- ethylpyridin-2-yl)-3-(methoxymethyl)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrim idin-7-am ine (prepared following Preparation 100, but using 2-amino-6-ethylpyridine in step 1 ) and (R)-2-methylpiperazine as starting materials.
  • the title compound was prepared by the method of Example 169 using 5-chloro-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-N-(6- ethylpyridin-2-yl)-3-(methoxymethyl)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (prepared following Preparation 100, but using 2-amino-6-ethylpyridine in step 1 ) and 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane as starting materials.
  • Example 186 1-(2-Ethoxyethyl)-3-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(6-ethylpyridin-2-yl)-5-((R)-3-rnethylpiperazin-1-yl)-1 H-pyrazolo[4.3- dlpyrimidin-7-amine.
  • the title compound was prepared by the method of Example 169 using 5-chloro-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-N-(6- ethylpyridin-2-yl)-3-(methoxymethyl)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (prepared following Preparation 100, but using 2-amino-6-ethylpyridine in step 1) and (R)-2-methylpiperazine as starting materials.
  • Example 197 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using (1 S,4S)-(+)-2,5- diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dihydrobromide in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • Example 198 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • 19 F NMR (400 MHz, (CD 3 ) 2 SO) ⁇ : -73.54 (t, 3F, J 9.0 Hz). Calculated Exact Mass: M+H 582.2759, found
  • Example 200 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using 1- methylpiperazine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • 19 F NMR (400 MHz, (CD 3 ) 2 SO) ⁇ : -73.55 (t, 3F, J 9.8 Hz). Calculated Exact Mass: M+H 496.2391 , found: 496.2384.
  • Example 201 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using (S)(+)-2- methylpiperazine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • 19 F NMR (400 MHz, (CD 3 ) 2 SO) ⁇ : -73.56 (t, 3F, J 9.0 Hz). Calculated Exact Mass: M+H 496.2391 , found
  • Example 202 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using N, N, N'- trimethylethylenediamine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • 19 F NMR (400 MHz, (CD 3 ) 2 SO) ⁇ : - 73.47 (t, 3F, J 9.2 Hz).
  • Example 203 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using 4-amino-2,2-6,6- tetramethylpiperidine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • Example 204 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using 4- hydroxypiperidine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • 19 F NMR (400 MHz, (CDa) 2 SO) ⁇ : -73.54 (t, 3F, J 9.2 Hz). Calculated Exact Mass: M+H 497.2231 , found: 497.2191.
  • Example 205
  • Example 205 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using 4- piperidinemethanol in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • 19 F NMR (400 MHz, (CD 3 ) 2 SO) ⁇ : -73.54 (t, 3F, J 9.6 Hz). Calculated Exact Mass: M+H 511.2387, found:: 511.2364.
  • Example 206 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196, using sodium isopropoxide in place of sodium ethoxide and 2-propanol in place of ethanol in Preparation 102 (step 2).
  • 19 F NMR (400 MHz, (CD 3 ) 2 SO) ⁇ : -73.54 (t, 3F, J 9.2 Hz); Calculated Exact Mass: M+H 510.2547, found:
  • Example 207 was prepared by a similar to that Example 196 using sodium isopropoxide in place of sodium ethoxide and 2-propanol in place of ethanol in Preparation 102 (step 2) and 1 -boc-piperazine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • Example 208 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 199.
  • Example 209 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using sodium trifluoropropoxide in place of sodium ethoxide and tetrahydrofuran in place of ethanol in Preparation 102 (step 2).
  • 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CD 3 OD
  • Example 210 The title product was obtained by substituting an equivalent quantity of (S)-(+)-2-methylpiperazine for (R)- (-)-2-methylpiperazine in Example 210. Spectral data was identical to Example 210.
  • Example 214 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using sodium cyclopropylmethoxide in place of sodium ethoxide and tetrahydrofuran in place of ethanol in Preparation 102 (step 2) and (S)(+)-2-methylpiperazine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • Example 215 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using sodium cyclopropylmethoxide in place of sodium ethoxide and tetrahydrofuran in place of ethanol in Preparation 102 (step 2) and piperazine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • Example 216 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using sodium cyclopropylmethoxide in place of sodium ethoxide and tetrahydrofuran in place of ethanol in Preparation 102 (step 2).
  • Example 217 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using sodium 4,4,4- trifluorobutoxide in place of sodium ethoxide and tetrahydrofuran in place of ethanol in Preparation 102 (step 2).
  • Example 218 was prepared by a method similar to that described in Example 196 using sodium 3,3,3- trifluoropropoxide in place of sodium ethoxide and tetrahydrofuran in place of ethanol in Preparation 102 (step 2) and piperazine in place of (R)(-)-2-methylpiperazine.
  • Example 219 1.3- ⁇ /s-(2-Ethoxyethyl)-N 5 .N 5 -dimethyl-N 7 -(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazolor4.3-dlPyrimidine-5,7-diamine
  • Phosphorous oxychloride (22.8mL, 0.24mol) was added to a suspension of the dione from Preparation 76 (5g, 16mmol) and tetraethylammonium chloride (8.11 g, 48mmol) in propionitrile (75mL), and the mixture stirred at 106 0 C for 18 hours. The cooled mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue azeotroped with toluene (2x50mL). The residual oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5OmL), washed with water (20OmL), dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated in vacuo, to afford the title compound, 4.98g. 1 H NMR (CDCI 3 , 400 MHz) ⁇ : 1.40 (t, 3H), 3.05 (q, 2H), 3.70 (q, 2H), 4.05 (t, 2H), 4.90 (t, 2H).
  • Oxalyl chloride (1.2mL, 13.76mmol) and ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethylformamide (39 ⁇ L) were added to a solution of the carboxylic acid of Preparation 86 (1.33g, 4.63mmol) in dichloromethane (2OmL) and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and azeotroped from dichloromethane (3x50mL).
  • the reaction mixture was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (5OmL), cooled in an ice bath and treated with 0.880 ammonia solution (1OmL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature.
  • Phosphorous oxychloride (934 ⁇ l_, lO.Ommol) and tetraethylammonium chloride were added to a solution of the dione of Preparation 89 (140mg, O. ⁇ Ommol) in propionitrile (5mL) and the reaction mixture refluxed for 18 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the crude product partitioned between ethyl acetate (5OmL) and water (5OmL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo.
  • DIBAL (62.5mL, 1 M in tetrahydrofuran, 62.5mmol) was added dropwise to a cooled (-78°C) solution of the ester from Preparation 90 (4g, 12.5mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10OmL), and once addition was complete, the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes. The mixture was then allowed to warm to -10°C over 1 hour, then re-cooled to -78°C. Saturated ammonium chloride solution (45mL) was carefully added, the mixture warmed to room temperature and partitioned between water (175mL) and dichloromethane (35OmL).
  • Step 1 A solution of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (21.23 g, 0.105 mol) was added portion wise via syringe to a solution of dimethyl 4-nitropyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate (20.Og, 0.0873 mole), 2-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)ethanol (13.8 g, 0.096 mol) and triphenylphosphine (27.6 g, 0.105 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) with stirring under nitrogen, keeping the reaction temperature between 0 0 C and 40 0 C by cooling in an ice bath. After the addition was complete (about 10 min), the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 4 h.
  • Step 2 Dimethyl 1-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl)-4-nitro-1 H-pyrazole-3,5-dicaboxylate (18.4 g, 0.052 mole) from Step 1 was dissolved in methanol (150 ml_) and cooled to room temperature. A solution of potassium hydroxide (3.2 g, 0.057 mol) in methanol (150 mL) was added at room temperature and the reaction to proceed with stirring until complete conversion noted by hplc (0.5 h). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between water (600 mL) and ethyl acetate (600 mL).
  • Phosphorous oxychloride (56mL, O. ⁇ Omol) was added to a suspension of the dione from Preparation 96 (13.5g, 40mmol) and tetraethylammonium chloride (20.Og, 120mmol) in propionitrile (15OmL), and the mixture stirred under reflux for 18 hours. The cooled mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue azeotroped with toluene (2x50ml_). The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane (50OmL) and water (50OmL), the layers separated, and the aqueous extracted with further dichloromethane (50OmL).
  • Diisobutylaluminium hydride (33.2mL, 1 M in tetrahydrofuran , 33.2mmol) was added dropwise to a cooled (-78 0 C) solution of the ester from Preparation 97 (3.1 g, 8.31 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5OmL), so as to maintain the temperature below -70°C. Once addition was complete the reaction was allowed to warm to -10 0 C and stirred for 1 hour.
  • Step i To a solution of 2-aminopyridine (1.5 g, 15.9 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (11 m L) at 0 0 C was added via syringe a 1.0 N lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (16.4 mL) solution. The resulting anilide was maintained at 0 0 C for 30 min. The dichloropyrimidine (Preparation 92, 2.1 g, 5.30 mmol) was then added dropwise via a pressurized addition funnel (ca. 20 min) to the anilide as a solution in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). The reaction was stirred at 0 0 C for 1.5h.
  • Step 2 A solution of the above silyl ether ( ⁇ 5.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml_) was cooled to 0 0 C. To this mixture was added a 1.0 N tetrabutylammonium chloride (7 ml_, 7.0 mmol) solution. The reaction was maintained at 0 0 C, for 20 min, then allowed to warm slowly to rt and stir overnight. The tetrahydrofuran was removed under vacuum and the reaction was quenched by addition of a 1 N ammonium chloride solution. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethane. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (4x).
  • Step 3 To a solution of [5-chloro-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-7-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-3- yl]methanol (592 mg, 1.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 ml_) was slowly added thionyl chloride (880 ⁇ l_, 6.8 mol). The resulting yellow mixture was stirred at rt for 3h. The solvent was then removed under vacuum to give after drying a yellow solid. To the crude solid was slowly added a 0.5 N sodium methoxide/methanol (13.5 ml_, 6.75 mmol) solution. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at rt overnight.
  • Step 1 To a slurry of [5-chloro-1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-7-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-3- yl]methanol prepared as described in Preparation 100, steps 1 and 2, (490 mg, 1.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (7 mL) was slowly added, via syringe, thionyl chloride (720 ⁇ L, 5.6 mmol). The resulting yellow mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow residue that was used without further purification. _
  • Step 2 To a solution of the above chloride ( ⁇ 1.4 mmol) in ethanol (3 mL) was slowly added a 21% sodium ethoxide/ethanol (2.6 mL) solution. The resulting orange solution was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction was concentrated in vacuoio remove ⁇ 70-80% of the ethanol. The resulting mixture was then quenched with a 1 N ammonium chloride solution and extracted with dichloromethane (4X). The organics were combined, dried by filtration through Whatman phase separator paper, and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product. The yellow solid was taken up in (2:1) diethyl ether-ethyl acetate and sonicated for 5 min.
  • Step 1 A solution of 5-chloro-7-(pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-1 -[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl]-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3- d]pyrimidin-3-yl ⁇ methanol, prepared as described in Preparation 100, but starting with 4-aminopyrimidine in place of 2-aminopyrimidine and Preparation 98 (4.3 g, 10.6 mmol), in place of dichloropyrimidine (Preparation 92) (Step 1 ) in dichloromethane (60 ml) was treated with thionyl chloride (5.2 g, 42.2 mmol).
  • Step 2 A solution of 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-N-pyrimidin-4-yl-1-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl]-1H- pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (1 g, 2.37 mmol) in ethanol (10 ml) was treated with sodium ethoxide (21 wt. % solution in ethanol, 3.9 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred 18 hours at room temperature. Another 2 ml of sodium ethoxide (21 wt. % solution in ethanol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred 24 hours at room temperature and quenched with citric acid (0.5 M, 40 ml).
  • the title compound may be prepared according to the conditions of Preparation 222 but substituting 3-(2- chloro-2-cyclopentylethyl)-1 -(2-ethoxyethyl)-N-5-,N-5-dimethyl-N-7-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3- d]pyrimidine-5,7-diamine (Preparation 235) for the 3-(2-Chloroethyl)-1 -(2-ethoxyethyl)-N-5-,N-5-dimethyl- N-7-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diamine.
  • Step 1 To a solution of 4-fluoroaniline (1.5 mL, 15.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) cooled to 0 0 C was added, via syringe, a 1.0 N lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (16 mL) solution. The anilide was maintained at 0 0 C for 20 min. The dichloropyrimidine (Preparation 91 , 2.0 g, 5.08 mmol) was then added dropwise over 10 min to the reaction mixture as a solution in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). The reaction was stirred at 0 0 C for 1.5h. The ice bath was removed and the reaction was allowed to warm to rt and stir overnight.
  • Step 1 A solution of (1-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl)-5-chloro-7-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3- d]pyrimidin-3-yl)methanol, prepared as described in Preparation 100, but starting with 2- aminopyridine and the silyl protected alcohol dichloride from Preparation 239, can be reacted according to Preparation 102, Step 1 to give 1-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl)-5-chloro-3-
  • Step 2 The title compound may be obtained by using substantially the procedure of Preparation 149 but substituting 1-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl)-5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H- pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine for (5-chloro-3-chloromethyl-N-pyrimidin-4-yl-1 -[2-(2,2,2- trif luoroethoxy)ethyl]-1 H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (Preparation 149).
  • the title compound can be prepared by a method similar to that described in Preparation 105 but substituting 4-methylpyridin-2-amine for 2-aminopyridine in Step 1.
  • 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitro-5-rnethyl-1 H-pyrazole prepared in Preparation 107 may be converted to the corresponding 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitro-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid by potassium permanganate oxidation ir water using the procedure according to U.S. Patent 4,282,361 , Example 5.

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JP2008517994A (ja) 2008-05-29
WO2006046135A3 (en) 2006-08-17
CA2585557A1 (en) 2006-05-04
CA2585557C (en) 2009-08-18
WO2006046135A2 (en) 2006-05-04

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