EP1801910B1 - Koaxialer Wellenwiderstandstransformator - Google Patents

Koaxialer Wellenwiderstandstransformator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1801910B1
EP1801910B1 EP06023354A EP06023354A EP1801910B1 EP 1801910 B1 EP1801910 B1 EP 1801910B1 EP 06023354 A EP06023354 A EP 06023354A EP 06023354 A EP06023354 A EP 06023354A EP 1801910 B1 EP1801910 B1 EP 1801910B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
conductor
inner conductor
stage
hollow cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06023354A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1801910A1 (de
Inventor
Werner Wild
Jürgen Breidbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spinner GmbH
Original Assignee
Spinner GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Spinner GmbH filed Critical Spinner GmbH
Publication of EP1801910A1 publication Critical patent/EP1801910A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1801910B1 publication Critical patent/EP1801910B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coaxial characteristic impedance transformer for dividing RF power at a first terminal to n second terminals (n ⁇ 2) located in the same radial plane by multi-stage, serial transformation by means of ⁇ / 4 lines.
  • Such characteristic impedance transformers whose principle is known, for example, from Meinke Gundlbach “Taschenbuch der Hochfrequenztechnik", 5th edition, section L4, L5, in particular for wave resistance as possible and thus reflection-free, even distribution of a fed via an incoming coaxial HF energy to two or more outgoing coaxial lines used, which have the same characteristic impedance of typically 50 ⁇ as the incoming coaxial line.
  • Such characteristic impedance transformers are also referred to as distributors or splitters. They typically include multiple stages of transformation, each consisting of a coaxial line section having approximately a mechanical length of ⁇ / 4 ( ⁇ is the wavelength of the operating or center frequency).
  • a characteristic impedance transformer should be as low-reflection as possible, ie a low VSWR in particular at the first connection. Acceptable VSWR values with sufficient bandwidth, however, require at least three, with simultaneous request for high bandwidth four or more transformation levels. Because the transforming line sections are not only electrically in series but also mechanically behind one another, known characteristic impedance transformers build very long. Their (theoretical) length is at a minimum equal to n ⁇ ⁇ / 4, ie proportional to the number n of the transformation stages. Such a characteristic impedance transformer is known from US-A-5 410 281 known.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a characteristic impedance transformer of the type mentioned in the introduction, which builds much shorter without affecting its electrical characteristics.
  • the basic idea of the invention is thus to use the outer conductor of the first ⁇ / 4 line at least over part of its length as inner conductor of the second ⁇ / 4 line and its outer conductor as inner conductor of the third ⁇ / 4 line again, etc.
  • This allows short-lived embodiments of the characteristic impedance transformer.
  • the ⁇ / 4 lines are arranged concentric with each other such that the electromagnetic wave propagates in opposite directions from ⁇ / 4 line to ⁇ / 4 line, the (theoretical) length of the characteristic impedance transformer is thus independent of the number of stages not significantly larger than ⁇ / 4 as long as no additional compensations are necessary to increase the bandwidth.
  • the ⁇ / 4 lines are in particular arranged concentrically with each other such that the open end of a ⁇ / 4 line forms the beginning of the next ⁇ / 4 line.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagates in at least one of the transformation stages, i. the corresponding, approximately ⁇ / 4 long line section, in a first volume in one direction and in a second volume surrounding the first volume in the opposite direction.
  • a compact four-stage characteristic impedance transformer that builds only a little longer than eg a three-stage embodiment but may have the same diameter is achieved when the first-stage inner conductor has a first diameter and together with a first-stage outer conductor has a first ⁇ / 4 -Leitung forms that an extension of this inner conductor having a second, larger diameter together with the inner circumferential surface of the same outer conductor forms the first portion of the second stage, the second portion of the outer circumferential surface of the outer conductor of the first stage having a first outer diameter as a second inner conductor together with the inner circumferential surface of a surrounding hollow cylinder as a second outer conductor, that adjoins this second stage, a portion of the outer conductor having a second, larger outer diameter than the inner conductor, which together with the inner surface of the surrounding Hohlzyl Inderders forms the first portion of the third stage, the second portion of the outer circumferential surface of the surrounding hollow cylinder with a first Outer diameter as a third inner conductor together
  • a greater bandwidth and a more even course of the reflection factor as a function of the frequency can be achieved if the inner conductor of the first terminal has a trained as compensating ⁇ / 4 idle line, concentric and isolated in the inner conductor of the first ⁇ / 4 line recorded inner conductor ,
  • a further improvement in the same sense is achieved when connected to the connection point of the inner conductor of the second terminals of the inner conductor of a compensating ⁇ / 4 short-circuit line.
  • Fig. 1 shows the known principle of a four-stage characteristic impedance transformer for transforming or adapting a low characteristic impedance Z (L5) to a higher characteristic impedance Z (L0) by four successive, about ⁇ / 4-long line sections L1 to L4 with gradually decreasing characteristic impedances Z (L1) to Z. (L4).
  • a ⁇ / 4 open-circuit line LL is additionally integrated in the first stage L1, and a ⁇ / 4 short-circuit line KL is connected to the end of the fourth stage L4.
  • the characteristic impedance Z (L5) which is lower in comparison to Z (L0), arises in the case of a power distributor or splitter by coaxial lines (not shown) connected in parallel to the last transformation stage L4, which are, for example, the feeders of a corresponding number of antennas.
  • the Fig. 2 and 3 show in longitudinal section and in a cross section along the line III-III in Fig. 2 one Four-stage characteristic impedance transformer for uniform distribution of the fed via a coaxial line at a first terminal K1 RF power to three second terminals K2 to K4.
  • An inner conductor IL1 and an outer conductor AL1 together form a first transformation stage L1 with the characteristic impedance Z (L1) and a length of approximately ⁇ / 4.
  • the outer diameter of IL1 and the inner diameter of AL1 and the exact length can be calculated as well as the corresponding sizes of the following transformation stages using the aforementioned software APLAC.
  • the inner conductor IL1 in turn concentrically receives an inner conductor IL0 which, together with the inner surface of the inner conductor IL1 and a dielectric D, forms an open-circuit line LL which is slightly shorter than ⁇ / 4 and, as in the case of FIG Fig. 1 serves as frequency response compensation.
  • first stage L1 is followed by a second stage L2 with the characteristic impedance Z (L2).
  • the inner conductor IL2 has a larger outer diameter than IL1 in order to achieve the smaller Z (L2) in relation to Z (L1).
  • the open end of the outer conductor AL2 of the stage L2 is also the beginning of the stage L3 with the even lower characteristic impedance Z (L3).
  • This stage L3 has as inner conductor IL3 the outer surface of this outer conductor AL2 and as outer conductor the inner surface of the L2 enclosing cup-shaped hollow cylinder H. Its open end forms analogous to the structure of the stage L2, the end of the stage L3 and the beginning of the stage L4 the even lower characteristic impedance Z (L4).
  • the RF energy accordingly changes at the open end of the outer conductor AL2 and at the open end of the hollow cylinder H respectively the direction of propagation.
  • the outer surface of the hollow cylinder H forms the inner conductor IL4 of the stage L4 and the inner circumferential surface of the housing G of the characteristic impedance transformer forms the outer conductor AL4.
  • the RF energy distributes uniformly to the second connections K2 to K4, the inner conductors of which are contacted with a bottom B terminating the hollow cylinder H on one side.
  • the housing G is extended beyond the region of the terminals K2 to K4 and forms together with a coaxial extension of the inner conductor IL2 through the bottom B of the hollow cylinder H through an approximately ⁇ / 4-long short-circuit line KL, again analogous to the corresponding Short circuit line in the schematic of the Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 4 shows a three-stage embodiment of the characteristic impedance transformer.
  • the same reference numbers apply as in Fig. 2
  • the housing G has the same diameter as the housing G in Fig. 2 such that the cut-off wavelength is the same for both embodiments (beyond the cut-off wavelength approximated by the inner diameter of the housing, undesirable higher order wave modes are produced in coaxial systems).
  • the three-stage embodiment differs according to Fig. 4 in principle, only by the absence of the fourth stage, enough space is available to accommodate the first stage L1 including the idle line LL in the housing G.
  • the compensating line LL are nested concentrically.
  • Fig. 5 is an embodiment similar Fig. 4 and with the same or corresponding reference numerals, but with four transformation stages L1 to L4.
  • the stages L1 to L4 are not only concentrically nested, but the steps L2 and L3 are additionally folded.
  • the step L2 thus has a first inner conductor section IL2 ', which has a larger outer diameter than the inner conductor IL1 of the first stage L1.
  • the second inner conductor section IL2 "consists of the outer lateral surface of the (extended) outer conductor AL1 of the first stage L1 .At the beginning of the third stage L3, this lateral surface has a larger outer diameter than in the region of IL2" and thus forms the first section IL3 'of the third stage L3.
  • the second section IL3 "forms the outer circumferential surface of the hollow cylinder H with a first diameter, followed by the step L4, which, like the step L4 in the embodiment, follows Fig. 2 is constructed.
  • FIG. 6 shows the frequency-dependent course of the reflection factor of the characteristic impedance transformer in the embodiment according to Fig. 5 .
  • the diagram in Fig. 7 shows the frequency-dependent course of the reflection factor for the three-stage characteristic impedance transformer Fig. 4 .
  • the comparison of the two graphs shows that the three-stage characteristic impedance transformer has a wide bandwidth of about 370 to 2,560 MHz, in which the reflection factor remains below 0.06, but that this bandwidth increases again to 280 to 2700 MHz in four-stage execution.

Landscapes

  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP06023354A 2005-12-22 2006-11-09 Koaxialer Wellenwiderstandstransformator Not-in-force EP1801910B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005061671A DE102005061671B3 (de) 2005-12-22 2005-12-22 Koaxialer Wellenwiderstandstransformator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1801910A1 EP1801910A1 (de) 2007-06-27
EP1801910B1 true EP1801910B1 (de) 2012-06-27

Family

ID=37834215

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06023354A Not-in-force EP1801910B1 (de) 2005-12-22 2006-11-09 Koaxialer Wellenwiderstandstransformator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7535317B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1801910B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1988250B (zh)
DE (1) DE102005061671B3 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2493728A (en) * 2011-08-16 2013-02-20 Bae Systems Plc Power divider with longitudinal components (e.g. coaxial cable) arranged parallel and contiguous to each other
JP6482390B2 (ja) * 2015-06-05 2019-03-13 東京エレクトロン株式会社 電力合成器およびマイクロ波導入機構

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035746A (en) * 1976-09-07 1977-07-12 The Bendix Corporation Concentric broadband power combiner or divider

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2643296A (en) * 1949-09-28 1953-06-23 Betsy R Hansen High-frequency energy dividing apparatus
US3019399A (en) * 1959-03-06 1962-01-30 Microwave Ass Circular waveguide diameter transformer
US3087129A (en) * 1960-02-25 1963-04-23 Mario A Maury Centerless coaxial connector
JPS6172401A (ja) * 1984-09-18 1986-04-14 Nec Corp マイクロ波用非接触型コネクタ
US5410281A (en) 1993-03-09 1995-04-25 Sierra Technologies, Inc. Microwave high power combiner/divider
JP3282003B2 (ja) * 1994-11-21 2002-05-13 日本電気エンジニアリング株式会社 導波管同軸変換器及び導波管整合回路
CN2631054Y (zh) * 2003-06-03 2004-08-04 京信通信系统（广州）有限公司 一种宽频带大功率分配器

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035746A (en) * 1976-09-07 1977-07-12 The Bendix Corporation Concentric broadband power combiner or divider

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005061671B3 (de) 2007-04-05
US20070164836A1 (en) 2007-07-19
EP1801910A1 (de) 2007-06-27
CN1988250B (zh) 2010-11-10
US7535317B2 (en) 2009-05-19
CN1988250A (zh) 2007-06-27

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