EP1796216B1 - Cosse de câble - Google Patents

Cosse de câble Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1796216B1
EP1796216B1 EP05026998A EP05026998A EP1796216B1 EP 1796216 B1 EP1796216 B1 EP 1796216B1 EP 05026998 A EP05026998 A EP 05026998A EP 05026998 A EP05026998 A EP 05026998A EP 1796216 B1 EP1796216 B1 EP 1796216B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
region
fastening
wings
cable lug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05026998A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1796216A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas MÜLLER
Thorsten Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Technologies Inc filed Critical Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority to DE502005003861T priority Critical patent/DE502005003861D1/de
Priority to EP05026998A priority patent/EP1796216B1/fr
Priority to AT05026998T priority patent/ATE393482T1/de
Publication of EP1796216A1 publication Critical patent/EP1796216A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1796216B1 publication Critical patent/EP1796216B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R11/00Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
    • H01R11/11End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
    • H01R11/12End pieces terminating in an eye, hook, or fork
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/183Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
    • H01R4/184Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion
    • H01R4/185Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion combined with a U-shaped insulation-receiving portion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/52Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
    • H01R13/5216Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases characterised by the sealing material, e.g. gels or resins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/70Insulation of connections
    • H01R4/72Insulation of connections using a heat shrinking insulating sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cable lug for attaching at least one electrical cable by means of crimping elements according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a cable lug is for example from the JP-A-11-297375 known.
  • Shrink tubing is therefore usually used for sealing, although difficulties may arise in the shrink-fitting process because not only does a desirable shrinkage of the diameter of the shrink tubing occur during shrinkage, but also some undesirable longitudinal shrinkage in the direction of the cable.
  • the wire of the cable held by crimping elements and consisting of a large number of individual strands is no longer covered by the shrinking hose in sufficient length and water or moisture can penetrate between the individual strands.
  • additional soldering of the wires with the cable lug a seal can be achieved, but this requires an additional operation in the assembly of a cable.
  • heat-shrinkable hoses which are coated on their inside with a hot-melt adhesive.
  • a disadvantage of these heat-shrink tubing is that due to the reduction in cross-section during shrinking adhesive leak from the front end of the shrink tube and can also get into the mounting portion of the cable lug, which can lead to an undesirable reduction in the conductivity of the contact point.
  • a fastening designed, for example, as a screw connection can loosen after a while by setting the adhesive, which likewise leads to a malfunction.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a cable lug, which allows for good electrical contact reliable protection of the cable core against the ingress of moisture, water or other pollutants.
  • the wings fix a shrink tubing during the shrinking process, as by friction between the wings and the shrink tube as well as a possible due to a gap between the wings and crimp, slightly greater cross-sectional shrinkage, for example caused by a certain length shrinkage or slipping longitudinal movement of the shrink tube is prevented at least in this area.
  • slightly greater cross-sectional shrinkage for example caused by a certain length shrinkage or slipping longitudinal movement of the shrink tube is prevented at least in this area.
  • the wings are not bent during crimping and thus are still after crimping out of the plane defined by the attachment area out.
  • the enlargement of the overall length achieved by the arrangement of the wings also causes the heat-shrinkable tube to protrude beyond the cable cores in sufficient length without protruding into the fastening area.
  • the wings When using a heat-shrinkable adhesive coated on the inside with heat-shrinkable adhesive, the wings also ensure that space remains at the end face of the cable core for receiving the melting adhesive. As a result, the front side of the wire is sealed and the otherwise performed for this step of soldering the cable wire with the cable lug is unnecessary.
  • a trough arranged between the wings and the fastening region can be formed in the neck region. This trough prevents leakage of adhesive that escapes during the shrinkage process into the attachment area by the trough serving as a reservoir for excess adhesive. As a result, a reliable contact is ensured in the long term.
  • the wings and the crimping elements can be arranged on one side and the depression on the other side of the plane defined by the fastening region.
  • the trough acts as a catch basin for the swelling adhesive and prevents further creeping or running in the attachment area.
  • the stamping of the trough a survey that also prevents to some extent a penetration of the adhesive into the mounting area.
  • the wings protrude at an angle of approximately 90 ° out of the plane defined by the fastening area.
  • the wings are rectangular. This embodiment has proven itself in the use according to the invention, since sufficient contact between the shrink tube and the wings is ensured here, without the shrink tube is injured.
  • wings that taper towards their ends or widen may be advantageous.
  • the upper edges of the wings are inclined to the plane defined by the attachment area, in particular the corners, which are formed by the upper edges and the associated side edges including an acute angle, arranged on the side facing the attachment area, a preferred embodiment
  • a corner improved fixation of the shrink tube is achieved.
  • the length of the wings in their direction away from the plane defined by the fastening plane extending direction is smaller than the length of the at least one pair of crimping elements in this direction in an uncrimped state.
  • the length of the wings may be about 20 to 30% of the length of the crimping elements in an uncrimped state.
  • the length of the wings is substantially equal to the maximum extent of the at least one pair of crimping elements in a crimped state.
  • the cable lug is attached to at least one electrical cable, wherein a shrink tube is provided, which is bent over an insulated portion of the electric cable, over the crimping area, the crimping elements for receiving and fixing the cable, and via a extends at least the wings comprehensive portion of the neck region away.
  • a shrink tube is provided, which is bent over an insulated portion of the electric cable, over the crimping area, the crimping elements for receiving and fixing the cable, and via a extends at least the wings comprehensive portion of the neck region away.
  • the inside of the heat-shrinkable tube is coated with a hot-melt adhesive.
  • the adhesive causes additional sealing between the shrink tubing and the cable or cable lug, as well as a sealing of the end face of the cable core.
  • the subject of the present invention is a cable lug, which indeed has a trough but no wings, as this also the keeping free of the mounting portion of adhesive through the trough is sufficiently achieved.
  • the cable lug according to the invention can be produced in a punch bending process, for example, so that it can be manufactured in a cost-effective manner with conventional devices.
  • a cable lug 10 has a substantially planar attachment region 12 into which a circular recess 14 is provided for receiving a fastening means (not illustrated here).
  • a fastening means (not illustrated here).
  • This may be, for example, a threaded bolt to which the cable lug 10 is secured by nuts.
  • the fastening region 12 merges into a neck region 16, to which a crimping region 18 immediately adjoins.
  • two pairs of crimping elements 20, 22 are provided, which serve for fastening a cable.
  • the first pair of crimping elements 20 is disposed adjacent to the neck portion 16 and serves to secure the wire of the cable.
  • the second pair of crimping elements 22 is arranged in the cable-side end region of the cable lug 10 and is provided for fixing the insulation of the cable.
  • wings 24 are formed, which have a rectangular contour in their end regions.
  • the crimping elements 20, 22 and the vanes 24 extend substantially perpendicular to a plane defined by the attachment region 12, pointing in the same direction.
  • an approximately circular depression 26 is arranged in the otherwise flat neck region 16 between the wings 24 and the recess 14.
  • the hollow 26 is formed by embossing in the neck region 16, wherein the raised portion formed by the embossing on the opposite side points in the same direction as the crimping elements 20, 22 and the wings 24.
  • the depression is located on the crimping elements 20, 22 and Wings 24 opposite side of the cable lug.
  • the distance between two paired crimping elements 20 and 22 is each slightly larger than the diameter of the cable section to be accommodated there.
  • the distance of the wings 24 from each other is such that the heat shrink tubing to be used is reliably fixed in the intended position during the shrinking process and here corresponds to the width of the cable lug at its narrowest point.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the cable lug 10 in an assembled condition with a cable 28 attached to the lug 10 and the assembly provided with a shrink tube 30 coated with hot melt adhesive 32 on the inside thereof.
  • the end-stripped wire 34 of the cable 28 is held by the pair of crimping members 20, while the pair of crimping members 22 surrounds the cable 28 in an insulated portion.
  • the heat-shrinkable tube 30 has reduced its diameter by the action of heat to such an extent that it bears approximately completely against the cable lug 10 and the cable 28. From the two end portions of the shrink tube 30 is leaked by the action of heat adhesive 32, which causes a seal between the shrink tube 30 and cable 28 and cable lug 10. It can be seen that in the neck region 16 on the underside some adhesive 32 has leaked, which was collected by the trough 26 and thus kept away from the attachment area 12.
  • an end region of the cable 28 is stripped to a length which corresponds approximately to the width of the crimping elements 22 for the wire 34.
  • a heat-shrinkable tube 30 coated on its inside with adhesive 32 is pushed over the cable 28.
  • the length of the shrink tube 30 is to be dimensioned so that after the end of the shrinking process, the front end of the shrink tube 30 is located between the wings 24 and the trough 26 and the rear end covers a short outside of the cable lug 10 lying portion of the cable 28.
  • the shrink tube 30 is sized longer so that it extends over the trough away and its front end between trough 16 and mounting portion 12 is located.
  • the shrink tubing 30 may also end over the trough 16.
  • the cable 28 is inserted into the cable lug 10, that the stripped wire 34 is in the region of the crimping elements 20, but does not protrude into the area between the wings 24.
  • a frictional and conductive connection between the cable 28 and the cable lug 10 is then produced, with the crimping elements 20 engaging the wire 34 and the crimping elements 22 engaging the insulated area of the cable 28.
  • the shrink tube 30 is pushed so far over the cable lug 10 attached to the cable 24, that the End portions of the shrink tube 30 are located at the end of the shrinking process in the above-described positions.
  • the shrink tube 10 is heated, for example by a hot air blower.
  • the diameter of the shrink tube 10 is reduced and this fits tightly to the cable lug 10 and the cable 34.
  • the shrinking tube 10 is prevented from displacement in the longitudinal direction. As a result, sufficient coverage of the neck region 16 and thus the stripped wire 34 is achieved.
  • the melting adhesive 32 partially exits at the ends of the shrink tube 30 due to the shrinkage due to the necking and causes a seal against the cable 28 and the neck region 16 of the cable lug. Excess adhesive 32, which has leaked out in the neck region 16, is caught by the depression 16, in particular on the underside of the cable lug 10, and prevented from entering the attachment region 12.
  • the shrink tube 10, together with the adhesive 32 protects the wire 34 from the ingress of water, moisture or other pollutants.
  • Fig. 2 is indicated by the reference numeral 24 ', a slightly modified wing shape, in which the upper edge is slightly inclined.
  • wings 24 ' are the upper edges to the through the attachment area 12 inclined plane defined, in particular, the corners, which are formed by the upper edges and the associated side edges including an acute angle, arranged on the mounting portion 12 side facing.
  • the upper right, the fastening region 12 facing corner of a sawtooth-like blade 24 ' is thus according to Fig. 2 as an acute angle and the upper left, the crimping region 18 facing corner formed as an obtuse angle, wherein the upper edge of the wing 24 'extending from left to right rising.

Landscapes

  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Cosse à câble (10), comprenant une zone de fixation (12) essentiellement plane, une zone de sertissage (18) ayant au moins une paire d'éléments de sertissage (20,22) destinés à recevoir et fixer le câble électrique (28), et une zone de cou (16) reliant la zone de fixation (12) à la zone de sertissage (18), la zone de fixation (12) étant pourvue d'un évidement (14) destiné à recevoir un moyen de fixation, et où
    au moins deux languettes (24), saillant depuis un plan défini par la zone de fixation (12), sont prévues dans la zone de cou (16), de façon adjacente à la zone de sertissage (18),
    caractérisée en ce que
    la cosse à câble (10) est sertie sur un câble électrique (28), et que
    les languettes (24) continuent de faire saillie par rapport à au dit plan même après un pliage des éléments de sertissage (20, 22) et/ou après la fixation du câble électrique (28).
  2. Cosse à câble selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    un renfoncement (26) est formé dans la zone de cou (16), en étant disposé entre les languettes (24) et la zone de fixation (12).
  3. Cosse à câble selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les languettes (24) et les éléments de sertissage (20, 22) sont disposés d'un côté du plan défini par la zone de fixation (12), et le renfoncement (26) est disposé de l'autre côté.
  4. Cosse à câble selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les languettes (24) font saillie par rapport au plan défini par la zone de fixation (12) selon un angle d'environ 90°.
  5. Cosse à câble selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les languettes (24) sont rectangulaires.
  6. Cosse à câble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les bords supérieurs des languettes (24) sont inclinés par rapport au plan défini par la zone de fixation (12), et que
    notamment les coins formés entre les bords supérieurs et les bords latéraux correspondants, en enfermant entre eux un angle aigu, sont disposés du côté orienté face à la zone de fixation (12).
  7. Cosse à câble selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la longueur des languettes (24), dans la direction de leur extension orientée au loin du plan défini par la zone de fixation (12), est plus petite que la longueur de ladite au moins une paire d'éléments de sertissage (20, 22), dans cette direction, à l'état non serti, et représente notamment environ 20 à 30 % de la longueur des éléments de sertissage (20, 22) à l'état non serti.
  8. Cosse à câble selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la longueur des languettes (24), dans la direction de leur extension orientée au loin du plan défini par la zone de fixation (12), est essentiellement égale à l'extension maximale de ladite au moins une paire d'éléments de sertissage (20, 22), dans cette direction, à l'état serti.
  9. Cosse à câble selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la cosse à câble (10) est fixée sur au moins un câble électrique (28), une gaine thermorétractable (30) étant prévue, qui s'étend sur une partie isolée du câble électrique (28), sur la zone de sertissage (18), dont les éléments de sertissage (20, 22) sont rabattus en vue de recevoir et de fixer le câble (28), et sur une partie de la zone de cou (16), qui englobe au moins les languettes (24).
  10. Cosse à câble selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la face intérieure de la gaine thermorétractable (30) est doublée d'une thermocolle (32).
  11. Cosse à câble selon la revendication 2 et la revendication 9 ou 10,
    caractérisée en ce que
    une distance est prévue entre une extrémité, côté zone de coucou, de la gaine thermorétractable (30), et le renfoncement (16).
  12. Procédé de fixation d'au moins un câble électrique (28) dans une cosse à câble (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    insérer au moins une partie terminale au moins partiellement dénudée d'un câble (28) dans la zone de sertissage (18) de la cosse à câble ;
    fixer le câble (28) dans la cosse à câble (10) en rabattant ladite au moins une paire d'éléments de sertissage (20, 22) ;
    rétracter une gaine thermorétractable (30) sur la cosse, gaine qui s'étend sur la zone de sertissage (18) et une partie de la zone de cou (16), qui comprend au moins les languettes (24).
EP05026998A 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Cosse de câble Not-in-force EP1796216B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502005003861T DE502005003861D1 (de) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Kabelschuh
EP05026998A EP1796216B1 (fr) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Cosse de câble
AT05026998T ATE393482T1 (de) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Kabelschuh

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05026998A EP1796216B1 (fr) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Cosse de câble

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1796216A1 EP1796216A1 (fr) 2007-06-13
EP1796216B1 true EP1796216B1 (fr) 2008-04-23

Family

ID=36177689

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05026998A Not-in-force EP1796216B1 (fr) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Cosse de câble

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1796216B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE393482T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005003861D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011035084A1 (fr) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Connexion de borne électrique avec scellement moulé

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5528786B2 (ja) 2009-12-09 2014-06-25 矢崎総業株式会社 電線付き圧着端子及び塗布剤の硬化方法
JP5434847B2 (ja) * 2010-08-17 2014-03-05 住友電装株式会社 端子金具
FR2966648B1 (fr) * 2010-10-26 2012-10-26 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Cable electrique a cosse a fut serti a protuberance de retenue de gaine d'etancheite thermo-retractee
JP5684583B2 (ja) 2010-11-26 2015-03-11 矢崎総業株式会社 電線と端子の接続構造およびその製造方法
JP5880849B2 (ja) * 2012-05-15 2016-03-09 住友電装株式会社 圧着端子
JP5773218B2 (ja) * 2012-06-07 2015-09-02 住友電装株式会社 圧着端子
JP2013254657A (ja) * 2012-06-07 2013-12-19 Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd 圧着端子
JP6749039B2 (ja) * 2013-11-13 2020-09-02 矢崎総業株式会社 端子付き電線
DE102015002613A1 (de) 2015-02-28 2015-08-27 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum elektrischen Isolieren eines Kabelschuhs mit einem Schlauch
US10819063B1 (en) * 2019-08-28 2020-10-27 Te Connectivity Corporation Sealed electric terminal with adhesive flow-out retarder
JP7116112B2 (ja) * 2020-03-18 2022-08-09 矢崎総業株式会社 端子付き電線

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JP2511123B2 (ja) * 1988-10-13 1996-06-26 矢崎総業株式会社 圧着端子、及び圧着端子と電線の接続方法
JPH11297375A (ja) * 1998-04-15 1999-10-29 Yazaki Corp 圧着端子
JP3718394B2 (ja) * 1999-12-09 2005-11-24 矢崎総業株式会社 被覆電線の端末接続部およびその防水処理方法と装置
JP3912106B2 (ja) * 2001-12-27 2007-05-09 住友電装株式会社 アース端子
JP4413491B2 (ja) * 2002-12-11 2010-02-10 矢崎総業株式会社 電線と接続端子との接続方法
JP4054265B2 (ja) * 2003-01-30 2008-02-27 住友電装株式会社 圧着端子と電線の接続構造
EP2472675B1 (fr) * 2003-07-30 2020-09-30 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Structure de sertissage de borne et procédé de sertissage de borne sur un fil électrique en aluminium

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011035084A1 (fr) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Connexion de borne électrique avec scellement moulé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1796216A1 (fr) 2007-06-13
DE502005003861D1 (de) 2008-06-05
ATE393482T1 (de) 2008-05-15

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