EP1794495A1 - Generateur de vapeur en continu chauffe a l'aide d'un combustible fossile - Google Patents

Generateur de vapeur en continu chauffe a l'aide d'un combustible fossile

Info

Publication number
EP1794495A1
EP1794495A1 EP05776226A EP05776226A EP1794495A1 EP 1794495 A1 EP1794495 A1 EP 1794495A1 EP 05776226 A EP05776226 A EP 05776226A EP 05776226 A EP05776226 A EP 05776226A EP 1794495 A1 EP1794495 A1 EP 1794495A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam generator
flow
combustion chamber
evaporator stage
segment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05776226A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1794495B1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Effert
Joachim Franke
Rudolf Kral
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1794495A1 publication Critical patent/EP1794495A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1794495B1 publication Critical patent/EP1794495B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
    • F22B29/062—Construction of tube walls involving vertically-disposed water tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fossil-heated continuous steam generator in which at least one combustion chamber wall of the combustion ⁇ chamber in the flow direction of the hot gas is divided in foundeds ⁇ least two fürströ ⁇ tion segments formed by VerdampferTalkflachen, wherein the Verdampfersammlungflachen each gas-tight welded together, each in parallel with a Flow medium acted upon steam generator tubes include.
  • the heating produced by the combustion of a fossil fuel ⁇ gas is used for the evaporation of a flow medium in the steam generator.
  • the steam generator has steam generator tubes whose heating with heating gas leads to evaporation of the flow medium carried therein, usually water.
  • the ger by the Dampferzeu ⁇ supplied steam may for example be a ⁇ closed external process or else be provided for driving a steam turbine.
  • Drives a steam Dampftur ⁇ bine so is usual via the turbine shaft of the steam turbine SHORT- a generator or a working machine Betrie ⁇ ben.
  • a steam generator may be designed according to various design principles.
  • a continuous steam generator the heating of a number of steam generator tubes, which together form the gas-tight surrounding wall of the combustion chamber, leads to complete evaporation of a flow medium in the steam generator tubes in one pass. After its evaporation, the flow medium is usually supplied to superheater tubes connected downstream of the steam generator tubes and superheated there.
  • a high live steam pressure and a high live steam temperature favor a high thermal efficiency and thus lower CO 2 emissions of a fossil-heated continuous steam generator.
  • the steam generator tubes which are each gas-tightly welded to one another and can be flowed through from bottom to top are combined in such a way that a respective parallel admission to the flow medium can take place.
  • collector To each flow segment can particularly as preceded by a distri ⁇ ler acting inlet header and a training be followed occurs collector.
  • Such Ausgestal ⁇ processing enables reliable pressure equalization between the steam generator tubes connected in parallel a flow segments für ⁇ and thus a particularly favorable distri ⁇ development of the flow medium in the flow through the Steamer zeugerrohre.
  • the water-steam mixture produced in this way is collected in an outlet collector connected downstream of the first flow segment and fed via a line or a line system to the inlet collector of the flow-through segment as seen in the flow direction of the heating gas, where a further heat supply and evaporation of the flow medium takes place. Therefore we also speak of a first and a second Ver ⁇ evaporator stage, which may still be more evaporator stages nachge ⁇ can be on.
  • the outlet header of the first evaporator stage can also be designed so that it also acts as an inlet header into the second evaporator stage.
  • the first evaporation stage is strömungsmedi- ums doctor a preheater (economizer) upstream of the advantage of the residual heat of the combustion chamber via a hot gas side by leaving ⁇ throttle cable connected to preheat the fuel gas to be vaporized flow of the medium.
  • a preheater economizer
  • the preheater does not itself constitute an evaporator stage, since the flow medium leaving it still has no vapor component.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a steam generator of the type mentioned above, which is particularly suitable for a design with comparatively high steam parameters, in particular for Frisch ⁇ steam temperatures up to about 700 0 C in a particularly simple design.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by a in flow direction of the heating gas Strö ⁇ seen the first fürströ ⁇ mung segment downstream flow segment constituting the first evaporator stage for the flow medium.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that, for a particularly simple design and in particular for ei ⁇ nen reasonably low assembly costs even with a design of the continuous steam generator for high Dampfzu ⁇ states of the type mentioned the creation of the steam generator largely recourse to the previously used, comparatively easy to handle materials should be made te. With regard to the occurring material loads should examine the design taking into account the Behei ⁇ it, shall be made such that locally occurring Maxi ⁇ maltemperaturen can be kept limited in the tube walls.
  • the on the inside of the combustion chamber wall adjusting during operation of the continuous steam generator heat ⁇ current density has approximately in a central region of the combustion chamber in which in known steam generators usually arranged as a second evaporator stage fürströmungs- segment is arranged, a clear maximum, so that just In this area, particularly high local Maimalimaltemperaturen in the pipe walls is to be expected.
  • the pipes should still flowed through by still relatively cold flow medium were ⁇ . This can be achieved by a suitable interconnection of the flow segments of the steam generator.
  • the flow-through segment which is located in this spatial region and is connected as the first evaporator stage is in this case in particular charged with still unvaporized flow medium.
  • this flow is preferably such segment immediately preceded by a preheater via an inlet header that between these no particular beaue- ren active components such as Verdampferlikfla ⁇ are connected chen.
  • the those of the first evaporator stage before ⁇ seen segment flow area of the combustion chamber wall ⁇ , in which the heating during the steady Be ⁇ drive of the continuous flow steam generator is a maximum. Rich in this loading has, in particular the flame on the radiation of the returning Brenner ⁇ heat input per area and SET TIME ⁇ standardized to a maximum with respect to the entire combustion chamber wall value.
  • This area can, for example, in newly konzi ⁇ p striv systems through simulations or umzurüs- Tenden old plants are determined by measurements. This can be a make particularly well to the shape of the expansion in the steam generator ⁇ direction this temperature profile adapted subdivision of the combustion chamber wall in fürströ ⁇ tion segments.
  • the first evaporator stage vorgese ⁇ hene flow segment is on the output side connected to at least one further flow segment of the combustion chamber wall ⁇ send second evaporator stage.
  • the heat input taking place in this region of the combustion chamber wall is thus utilized in a particularly favorable manner for further heating and evaporation of the flow medium.
  • the second evaporator stage is flow-medium side, at least one further evaporator stage, which comprises at least one being in a surrounding wall of the combustion chamber ⁇ arranged evaporator heating surface, downstream.
  • This can be a further evaporator heating surface in a side wall of the combustion chamber or, in the case of a horizontal construction of the combustion chamber, it can also be an evaporator heating surface arranged in the ceiling or end wall.
  • the flow-through segment provided as the first evaporator stage is the flow-through segment arranged on the second position as seen in the flow direction of the hot gas.
  • the flow-through segment provided as the first evaporator stage is connected to a second evaporator stage which comprises the flow-through segment of the combustion-chamber wall arranged at the first position when viewed in the flow direction of the heating gas.
  • a second evaporator stage which comprises the flow-through segment of the combustion-chamber wall arranged at the first position when viewed in the flow direction of the heating gas.
  • the combustion chamber is designed for a vertical main flow direction of the heating gas. They may be enclosed sungswand in this case in particular by Umfas ⁇ which tapers in its base area in the manner of a funnel. This shape allows the un ⁇ complicated removal of ashes arising during the combustion process from the bottom hopper opening.
  • the burners are usually arranged above the funnel portion and the heating gas heated by them flows upward, the heat input into the combustion chamber wall above the funnel portion with respect to the vertical extent of the combustion chamber reaches a maximum value. Therefore, advantageously provided as the first evaporator stage flow segment above a funnel in the Bodenbe ⁇ rich combustion chamber limiting funnel wall.
  • such a steam generator is designed with a aligned for vertical flow of fuel gas combustion chamber for evaporation in three evaporator stages, wherein the first evaporator stage provided fürströmungssegment a funnel side wall comprehensive flow segment arranged as a second evaporator stage and above the first evaporator stage provided by ⁇ flow segment Flow segment as third evaporator stage downstream of the flow medium.
  • This will by the heating gas to the entire combustion chamber wall ⁇ heat given consistently and under the Maube ⁇ dingung a particularly effective cooling of the steam generator tube in the first two evaporator stages renew ⁇ uses.
  • the cooling tube can be supported by more that the tubes of the steam generator is arranged spi ⁇ ralförmig from the bottom upwards spiraling manner around the combustion chamber, preferably as the first evaporator stage provided for this purpose in a flow segment.
  • the combustion chamber of the continuous steam generator is designed for a horizontal main ⁇ flow direction of the hot gas, wherein a Umfas ⁇ tion wall of the combustion chamber, the end wall, a perimeter wall, the ceiling wall and two surrounding walls of the combustion chamber Be ⁇ tenident.
  • the burners operated with fossil fuel are arranged on the end face of the combustion chamber.
  • This embodiment ⁇ form allows a particularly compact design of the steamer ⁇ generator, in particular a particularly low height.
  • the first evaporation ferwork ⁇ intended flow segment is a second Ver ⁇ evaporator stage connected downstream of the at least one further through-flow segment of the side wall and a wall in the end ⁇ arranged evaporator heating surface comprises.
  • An evaporator heating surface arranged in the top wall of the combustion chamber is preferably provided as a third evaporator stage.
  • the Verdampferterrorismflachen the ceiling and the end wall in relation to the generation of steam in the heated starch ⁇ rem Dimensions first evaporator stage are connected downstream in the side wall, so that comparatively low temperature-controlled liquid flow medium in the region of the first evaporator stage for a particularly good cooling of the steam generator tubes arranged there is available.
  • the Dampfer Wegerroh- of re provided as the first evaporator stage perfusion ⁇ segments advantageously have a ribbing, which promoted by the swirl flow of the wetting of the tube inside walls with liquid flow medium. This improves the heat transfer from the pipe inner wall to the flow medium.
  • the steam generator tubes of the third evaporator stage in the top wall of the combustion chamber can be designed with reasonable effort as smooth tubes made of particularly heat-resistant, higher quality material.
  • a preheater connected upstream of the first evaporator stage on the flow medium side is preferably arranged in a gas cable arranged downstream of the combustion chamber on the heating gas side. In this way, the residual heat of the flowing out of the gas train in the environment hot gas can be effectively utilized.
  • this also applies to the region (s) of the combustion chamber wall which optionally comprise a second evaporator stage connected downstream of the first evaporator stage, since the heat input there is lower than in the region of the first evaporator stage. Only in the area of even higher evaporator stages could the use of special ders high-quality, heat-treated materials are necessary.
  • the pipes or internal ribbing of the tubes can erfor ⁇ even at the desired high steam parameters in particular in those spatial areas where particularly effective cooling mechanisms, such as a spiral ⁇ winding are sary, for which the use of the novel tudenach ⁇ treated materials for reasons of complexity or even for reasons of principle may not be eligible, reliable the well-tried materials are used.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a fossil heated continuous steam generator with vertically oriented combustion chamber in side view
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a continuous steam generator with hori zontal aligned combustion chamber in side view.
  • the fossil-heated steam generator 2 is designed as a continuous steam generator in a stationary construction. It comprises a combustion chamber 4 designed in a vertical construction with a number of combustion chamber walls 6 forming the surrounding wall of the combustion chamber 4. Above a tapering section forming a funnel 8 in the floor covering. Rich of the combustion chamber 4 is a number of burners 10 ange ⁇ assigns, which is supplied via a fuel line fossil fuel. The heated by the flames of the burner 10 heating gas H flows in approximately vertical, characterized by the arrow 14 flow direction to the upper end of the combustion chamber 4 arranged outlet opening.
  • the heating gas H After flowing through the adjoining throttle cable 18, which in particular comprises a number of superheater heating surfaces 37, the heating gas H, which has largely cooled down in the meantime, escapes into the environment through a chimney (not shown). Ash-like combustion residues sink down in the combustion chamber 4 and collect in the bottom area of the funnel 8, where they are removed if necessary.
  • the chamber wall on the heat radiation of the burner flame to the Brenn ⁇ 6 of the combustion chamber 4 heat released is used to Ver ⁇ a vaporization the combustion chamber wall used 6 flowing through Strö ⁇ tion medium S.
  • the combustion chamber is ⁇ wall 6 of the combustion chamber 4 in the feruß vomangedeute- by the arrow 14 th direction of flow of the heating gas through H in three Verdamp ⁇ 20 formed through flow segments 22 divides under ⁇ .
  • a first flow segment 22 comprises the Be ⁇ rich of the funnel 8. In the direction of flow of the heating gas h, two further through-flow segments 22 connect.
  • the three segments 22 flow through the combustion chamber wall 6 bil ⁇ the flow medium side in series ⁇ evaporator stages 30a to 30c. This allows on the one hand, the entire area-surface of the combustion chamber wall 6 exploited for generating steam ⁇ the other hand, the length of the steam generator tubes 24 may be kept short in the flow-through segments 22 relatively what the formation of a stable and uniform flow of flow medium S is beneficial.
  • the steam generator 2 is designed specifically for a particularly good kuh ⁇ treatment of the steam generator tubes 24, so that the wall outside temperatures occurring during operation can be comparatively kept low.
  • the throughflow is mung order of the flow segments 22 so ge ⁇ selects that seen in the flow direction of the heating gas flow H middle segment 22 constituting the first evaporator stage 30 of the steam generator. 2
  • this first evaporator stage 30a is arranged in a region of the combustion chamber wall 6 with a maximum radiation-induced heat input, as can be seen from the graph shown in the right-hand part of FIG. 1, which shows the outward heat flux density on the inside of the combustion chamber wall 6 above the combustion chamber Height of the combustion chamber 4 represents.
  • the first evaporator stage is arranged 30a directly from egg ⁇ nem in the gas flue 18 of the steam generator 2, with the feed water pump 34 connected to the preheater 32 with even comparatively as cold, provided no vapor fraction auf unddem flow-medium S.
  • the still comparatively cold as it enters the first stage evaporator 30a Strömungsme ⁇ dium S can therefore ensure 6 comparatively low wall temperatures especially in the particularly high thermal belas ⁇ ended central area of the combustion chamber wall.
  • the steam generator tubes 24 of the first evaporator stage 30a can also be arranged in a spiraling manner from bottom to top around the combustion chamber to ensure sufficient heat transfer. Then a design with smooth tubes is sufficient.
  • the first evaporator stage 30a is connected via a line 36 to the second evaporator stage 30b in the region of the less strongly heated hopper 8.
  • Evaporator stage 30b in turn, a third evaporator stage 30c in the upper region of the combustion chamber wall 6 downstream.
  • the steam generator tubes 22 of the third evaporator stage 30c are designed as heat-treated smooth tubes of comparatively high-quality material in order to withstand the high steam temperatures present there better.
  • the steam leaving the third evaporator stage 30c is supplied for further overheating to a number of superheater heating surfaces mounted in the gas flue 18 and finally made available to an external consumer 38, for example a steam turbine.
  • FIG 2 shows schematically a partially sectioned side view of a steam generator 2 with horizontally aligned combustion chamber 4.
  • the two side walls 43 of the combustion chamber 4, which are merged funnel or gutter-shaped in the lower region are divided into three each by Verdampfersammlungflachen 20 formed flow segments 22, wherein the evaporator ⁇ heating surfaces 20 each parallel from bottom to top with a flow medium S acted upon steam generator tubes 24th um ⁇ grasp.
  • the second through-flow segment 22, which is in the flow direction of the hot gas H forms an area a first evaporator stage 30a of the steam generator 2.
  • the steam flowing out of the first evaporator stage on the output side or the water-steam mixture is distributed via the distributor 44 to the other two in each case in a side wall 43 of the Brennkam ⁇ 4 arranged through flow segments 22 and a Verdampfersammlungflache 20 in the end wall 40, which together form a second evaporator stage 30b of the steam generator 2 in this way.
  • the end-side evaporator heating surface 20 and the immediately adjacent evaporator heating surface 20 of the first flow-through segment 22 of the side wall 43 seen in the direction of flow of the heating gas H can also be provided with a common inlet header 26 and a common outlet header 28, that is to say as a single evaporator heating surface 20.
  • the parallel-connected evaporator heating surfaces 20 of the second evaporator stage 30b via individual lines 36 ver ⁇ lessening flow medium S is finally brought together and a third evaporator stage 30c in the top wall 46 of the combustion chamber 4 fed. After leaving the third evaporator stage 30c, the steam thus generated is superheated in superheater heating surfaces not shown in the throttle cable 18 and finally provided to an external consumer 38.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un générateur de vapeur en continu (2) chauffé à l'aide d'un combustible fossile, au moins une paroi (6) de la chambre de combustion (4), vue dans le sens d'écoulement du gaz chaud (H), étant divisée en au moins deux segments d'écoulement (22) formés par des surfaces d'évaporation chauffées (20) et les surfaces d'évaporation chauffées (20) comportant des tubes générateurs de vapeur (24) soudés de façon étanche aux gaz et pouvant être alimentés parallèlement en fluide (S). L'objectif de cette invention est d'obtenir un générateur de vapeur qui, pour une conception simple et des coûts de montage particulièrement faibles, est également approprié pour fonctionner à des valeurs de vapeur fraîche élevées, telles que des températures de vapeur d'environ 700 °C. A cet effet, un segment d'écoulement (22), monté en aval du premier segment d'écoulement (22) dans le sens d'écoulement du gaz chaud (H), constitue le premier étage d'évaporation (30a) pour le fluide en écoulement (S), de sorte qu'un fluide particulièrement froid (S) peut être injecté dans la zone de chauffage maximal.
EP05776226.2A 2004-09-23 2005-07-22 Generateur de vapeur en continu chauffe a l'aide d'un combustible fossile Not-in-force EP1794495B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004046187 2004-09-23
PCT/EP2005/053566 WO2006032556A1 (fr) 2004-09-23 2005-07-22 Generateur de vapeur en continu chauffe a l'aide d'un combustible fossile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1794495A1 true EP1794495A1 (fr) 2007-06-13
EP1794495B1 EP1794495B1 (fr) 2017-04-26

Family

ID=35107027

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05776226.2A Not-in-force EP1794495B1 (fr) 2004-09-23 2005-07-22 Generateur de vapeur en continu chauffe a l'aide d'un combustible fossile

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7878157B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1794495B1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI312048B (fr)
WO (1) WO2006032556A1 (fr)

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EP1533565A1 (fr) * 2003-11-19 2005-05-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Générateur de vapeur à passage unique
WO2006032556A1 (fr) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Generateur de vapeur en continu chauffe a l'aide d'un combustible fossile
WO2009142820A2 (fr) * 2008-03-27 2009-11-26 Alstom Technology Ltd Générateur de vapeur continu et chambre d’égalisation
EP2180250A1 (fr) * 2008-09-09 2010-04-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Générateur de vapeur en continu
EP2213936A1 (fr) * 2008-11-10 2010-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Générateur de vapeur en continu
DE102010038883C5 (de) 2010-08-04 2021-05-20 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger
DE102010040204A1 (de) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Solarthermischer Durchlaufverdampfer
DE102013215457A1 (de) 2013-08-06 2015-02-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufdampferzeuger in Zweizugkesselbauweise

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006032556A1 (fr) 2006-03-30
TWI312048B (en) 2009-07-11
US20080257282A1 (en) 2008-10-23
EP1794495B1 (fr) 2017-04-26
US7878157B2 (en) 2011-02-01
TW200619559A (en) 2006-06-16

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