EP1779466A1 - Systeme d'antenne bidirectionnelle simultanee et son procede - Google Patents

Systeme d'antenne bidirectionnelle simultanee et son procede

Info

Publication number
EP1779466A1
EP1779466A1 EP05771518A EP05771518A EP1779466A1 EP 1779466 A1 EP1779466 A1 EP 1779466A1 EP 05771518 A EP05771518 A EP 05771518A EP 05771518 A EP05771518 A EP 05771518A EP 1779466 A1 EP1779466 A1 EP 1779466A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
antenna
channel
impedance
frequency band
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP05771518A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gregory Poilasne
Jorge Fabrega-Sanchez
Stanley S. Toncich
Allen Tran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Wireless Corp
Original Assignee
Kyocera Wireless Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/899,218 external-priority patent/US7176845B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/899,285 external-priority patent/US7184727B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/899,278 external-priority patent/US7180467B2/en
Application filed by Kyocera Wireless Corp filed Critical Kyocera Wireless Corp
Priority to EP09163136A priority Critical patent/EP2096712A1/fr
Publication of EP1779466A1 publication Critical patent/EP1779466A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/335—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
    • H04B1/04—Circuits
    • H04B1/0458—Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to wireless communication antenna and, more particularly, to a system and method for a full-duplex antenna and corresponding antenna matching circuitry.
  • the size of portable wireless communications devices continues to shrink, even as more functionality is added. As a result, the designers must increase the performance of components or device subsystems and reduce their size, while packaging these components in inconvenient locations.
  • One such critical component is the wireless 'c ⁇ 'mmUnlca'fi ⁇ n''s' a'hteihna*.' 'This antenna may be connected to a telephone transceiver, for example, or a global positioning system (GPS) receiver.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • AMPS cellular band
  • PCS Personal Communication System
  • Other communication bands include the PCN (Personal Communication Network) and DCS at approximately 1800 MHz, the GSM system (Groupe Speciale Mobile) at approximately 900 MHz, and the JDC (Japanese Digital Cellular) at approximately 800 and 1500 MHz.
  • Other bands of interest are GPS signals at approximately 1575 MHz, Bluetooth at approximately 2400 MHz, and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) at 1850 to 2200 MHz.
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • Wireless communications devices are known to use simple cylindrical coil or whip antennas as either the primary or secondary communication antennas.
  • Inverted-F antennas are also popular.
  • the resonance frequency of an antenna is responsive to its electrical length, which forms a portion of the operating frequency wavelength.
  • the electrical length of a wireless device antenna is often at multiples of a quarter-wavelength, such as 5 ⁇ /4, 3 ⁇ /4, ⁇ /2, or ⁇ /4, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the operating frequency, and the effective wavelength is responsive to the physical length of the antenna radiator and the proximate dielectric constant.
  • each wireless device transceiver (receiver and/ or transmitter) is connected to a discrete antenna that resonates in a particular communication band.
  • the transceiver may be tuned to channels within the communication band.
  • portable wireless devices are becoming available that incorporate a number of transceivers, each operating in a different communication band, or a transceiver that can be tuned to operate in a number of communications bands.
  • a brute-force approach has been to add a different resonator or antenna for each communication band. For example, it is known to stack two microstrip patches with different areas to create non-harmonically related resonant frequency responses. Such a design is not always adequate to cover all the required frequencies (communication bands), however.
  • Another antenna-related problem stems from the duplex nature of wireless telephone communications.
  • the transmit sub-band frequencies of a communication band are located adjacent to the receive sub- band frequencies.
  • the transmitter and receiver often share the use of the same antenna.
  • the transmissions and received communications occur simultaneously. Since the antenna, and associated circuitry is shared, a significant amount of coupling may occur. For example, transmit signals that couple into the receiver raise the receiver noise floor and degrade sensitivity. Decoupling could be enhanced, the filtering circuitry simplified and made smaller, and the overall performance of a wireless telephone could be improved if the transmitter and receiver did not share the same antenna.
  • dielectric material Generally speaking, a portion of the field that is generated by the antenna returns to the counterpoise (ground), from the radiator, through the dielectric.
  • the antenna is tuned to be resonant at frequencies, and the wavelength of the radiator, and dielectric constant have an optimal relationship at the resonant frequency.
  • the most common dielectric is air, with a dielectric constant of 1.
  • the dielectric constants of other materials are defined with respect to air.
  • Ferroelectric materials have a dielectric constant that changes in response to an applied voltage. Because of their variable dielectric constant, ferroelectric materials are good candidates for making tunable components. Conventional measurement techniques, however, have characterized ferroelectric components as substantially lossy, regardless of the processing, doping or other fabrication techniques used to improve their loss properties. " ⁇ *-6y i> h&Ve' 1 tnefei ⁇ 're l hcJt Wen widely used. Ferroelectric tunable components operating in RF or microwave regions are perceived as being particularly lossy.
  • RF radio frequency
  • microwave loss is the conventional rule for bulk (thickness greater than about 1.0 mm) FE (ferroelectric) materials especially when maximum tuning is desired.
  • FE ferroelectric
  • steps include, but are not limited to: (1) pre and post deposition annealing or both to compensate for O2 vacancies, (2) use of buffer layers to reduce surfaces stresses, (3) alloying or buffering with other materials and (4) selective doping.
  • Tunable ferroelectric components can be employed in a wide variety of frequency agile circuits. Tunable components are desirable because they permit circuitry to be tuned in more than one communication band. A tunable component that covers multiple bands potentially reduces the total number of components, as discrete band fixed-frequency components and their associated switches become unnecessary. These advantages are particularly important in wireless handset design, where the need for increased functionality and lower cost and size are seemingly contradictory requirements. With CDMA handsets, for example, performance of individual components is highly stressed. FE materials may also permit integration of RF components that to-date have resisted shrinkage. Ii would" De 'advantageous if a full-duplex antenna system could be made using separate antennas for the transmit and receive functions.
  • the present invention provides a full-duplex antenna system that is able to effective decouple transmit and receiver circuitry using two separate mechanisms.
  • the system uses separate antennas for the transmitter and receiver.
  • the response of the antennas is narrowed. This is accomplished by making the channels at which the antenna operates frequency selectable. This frequency selectability can be accomplished by adjusting the antenna resonance. Alternately, the selectability is accomplished by adjusting the antenna impedance. As another alternative, the frequency selectability is accomplished by adjusting the impedance supplied by the antenna by its matching circuit. Further, the selectability can be accomplished using combinations of the above-mentioned adjustment mechanisms.
  • a method for full-duplex antenna impedance matching comprises: effectively resonating a first antenna at a frequency selectable first channel in a first frequency band; generating a first antenna impedance at the first channel frequency; effectively resonating a second antenna at a frequency selectable second channel in the first frequency band; generating a second antenna impedance at the second channel frequency; supplying a first conjugate impedance match at the first channel frequency; and, supplying a second conjugate impedance match at the second channel frequency.
  • the first antenna may be used for transmission, while the second antenna is used for received communications.
  • supplying a first conjugate impedance match at the first channel frequency includes supplying a frequency selectable first conjugate impedance.
  • supplying a second conjugate impedance match at the second channel frequency includes supplying a frequency selectable second conjugate impedance.
  • generating a first antenna impedance at the first channel frequency includes generating a frequency selectable first impedance, and generating a second antenna impedance at the second channel frequency includes generating a frequency selectable second impedance.
  • effectively resonating a first antenna at a frequency selectable first channel in a first frequency band includes selecting the frequency of resonance.
  • effectively resonating a second antenna at a frequency selectable second channel in a first frequency band includes selecting the frequency of resonance.
  • the method may provide for full-duplex operation in two completely different communication bands. That is, the method may comprise effectively resonating the first antenna at a frequency selectable third channel in a second frequency band and generating a third antenna impedance at the third channel frequency. Effectively resonating the second antenna at a frequency selectable fourth channel in the second frequency band and generating a fourth antenna impedance at the fourth channel frequency. Then, third conjugate impedance match is supplied at the third channel frequency, and a fourth conjugate impedance match is supplied at the fourth channel frequency.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention full- duplex antenna system for selectively tuning communication channels.
  • Fig. 2 is a frequency plot depicting the relationship between the first and second channels.
  • Fig. ""3 is” a” schematic block diagram illustrating a resonant- frequency adjustable inverted-F antenna.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an impedance adjustable inverted-F antenna.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an impedance adjustable matching circuit.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another aspect of the system of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention wireless telephone with a full-duplex antenna matching system.
  • Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the present invention method for full-duplex antenna impedance matching.
  • Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an alternate aspect of the method of Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention full- duplex antenna system for selectively tuning communication channels.
  • the system 100 comprises a first antenna 102 that is effectively resonant at a frequency selectable first channel in a first frequency band.
  • the first channel has a minimum frequency span that varies from several kilohertz, to megahertz (MHz). Depending on the selectivity, the frequency span may be wide enough to cover several adjacent channels.
  • the first antenna 102 has an interface port on line 104 with a first impedance at the first channel frequency.
  • a second antenna 106 is effectively resonant at a frequency selectable second channel in the first frequency band.
  • the second antenna 106 has an interface on line 108 with a second impedance at the second channel frequency.
  • a first matching circuit 110 includes a port connected on line 104 to the first antenna interface port having a first conjugate impedance at the first channel frequency.
  • a conjugate impedance provides an approximately equal real value and opposite imaginary value to the impedance it is matching. Further, in many cases a true conjugate match cannot be provided for an entire frequency span of interest. Then, a conjugate match is often defined for the center frequency of the span.
  • a second matching circuit 1 12 includes a port connected to the second antenna interface port on line 108 having a second conjugate impedance at the second channel frequency.
  • the frequency selectability of the first and second channels is associated with a number of related factors. These factors are: the antenna resonance frequency, or effective electrical length of the antenna, the antenna impedance, and the matching circuit impedance.
  • the antenna 102 may be resonant at the first channel, but poorly matched. In this situation a significant amount of power is wasted as reflected power in the interface between the antenna 102 and antenna matching circuit 1 10.
  • the first situation does not describe an antenna that is "effectively resonant at the first channel", as used herein.
  • the first antenna 102 and first matching circuit 1 10 may be properly matched at the first channel frequency.
  • the antenna may not radiate efficiently at the first channel frequency. That is, the effective electrical length of the antenna may not be a quarter-wavelength multiple of the first channel frequency. Again, this situation does not describe an antenna that is effectively resonant at the first channel, or first channel frequency.
  • the first antenna 102 effectively resonates with an antenna efficiency of greater than 30%, respective to each channel in the first frequency band.
  • the second antenna effectively resonates with an antenna efficiency of greater than 30%, respective to each channel in the first frequency band.
  • Fig. 2 is a frequency plot depicting the relationship between the first and second channels.
  • the first antenna first channel
  • the second antenna second channel
  • the first channel can be selected with a low sub-band
  • the second channel is selected from a high sub-band of the first frequency band.
  • only 2 first channel selections are shown in the li'gure, the-' ⁇ nVgntib'h Wnoriimited to any particular number of first (or second) channel selections.
  • the first antenna has a first channel frequency span that is a fractional bandwidth of 0.0025, or greater, with respect to the first frequency band center frequency.
  • the second antenna has a second channel frequency span that is a fractional bandwidth of 0.0025, or greater, with respect to the first frequency band center frequency.
  • first matching circuit 110 has a frequency selectable first conjugate impedance in the first frequency band.
  • second matching circuit 1 12 has a frequency selectable second conjugate impedance in the first frequency band.
  • the antenna resonance is fixed, as are the impedances supplied by the matching circuitry.
  • Channel selectivity is provided by controlling the antenna impedance.
  • the antenna impedance is (conjugately) matched to the fixed matching circuit impedance. That is, the first antenna 102 has a selectable first impedance and the second antenna 106 has a selectable second impedance.
  • the antenna impedance and matching circuit impedances are fixed.
  • the channel selectivity is achieved by controlling the antenna resonant frequency. That is, first antenna 102 resonance is frequency selectable, and the second antenna 106 resonance is frequency selectable.
  • channel selectivity can be obtained by combining features from the above-mentioned scenarios.
  • channel selectivity can be obtained by adjusting the antenna resonance along with the antenna impedance, or the antenna resonance with the matching circuit impedance, or the antenna impedance with the matching circuit impedance, or me antenna resonance," an ter ⁇ na impedance, and matching circuit impedance simultaneously.
  • the first antenna 102 also resonates at a frequency selectable third channel in a second frequency band.
  • the first antenna 102 supplies a corresponding third impedance at the third channel frequency to the first matching circuit interface on line 104.
  • the second antenna 106 resonates a frequency selectable fourth channel in the second frequency band.
  • the second antenna 106 supplies a corresponding fourth impedance at the fourth channel frequency to the second matching circuit interface on line 108.
  • the first matching circuit 1 10 has a third conjugate impedance at the third channel frequency
  • the second matching circuit 1 12 has a fourth conjugate impedance at the fourth channel frequency.
  • the system operates in either the first frequency band or the second frequency band, but not in the first and second frequency bands simultaneously.
  • the first and second antennas 102/ 106 may resonate simultaneously in the first frequency band. After retuning, the first and second antennas 102/ 106 may resonate simultaneously in the second frequency band.
  • This aspect of present invention is useful for a person who owns a cell phone that operates in the cell band at 824 to 894 MHz, for example, when they are home.
  • the user's network may operate in a different band, for example the GSM 880-960 MHz band.
  • the user has had to own two phones, one for home and one for travel.
  • the present invention permits the user cell phone to efficiently operate in either environment, by selecting the proper frequency band.
  • the present invention enables a wireless device to efficiently use the same antenna and matching circuitry in two different bands.
  • common circuitry can be for both phone and GPS communications, to support 91 1 or location-based services.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another aspect of the system of Fig. 1.
  • the system 600 comprises a plurality of antennas. Shown are antennas 602, 604, an ⁇ t>utf,' nOWever,"tri'e system is not limited to any particular number of antennas.
  • Each of these antennas 602-606 effectively resonates, as defined in the explanation of Fig. 1 , at a frequency selectable channel in a frequency band, for example the first frequency band.
  • Each antenna 602-606 has an interface port with an impedance at the selected channel frequency, on lines 608, 610, and 612, respectively.
  • the system 600 further comprises a corresponding plurality of matching circuits (MCs) 614, 616, and 618.
  • Each matching circuit 614 through 618 has a port connected to a corresponding antenna interface port on lines 608 through 612, respectively, to supply a conjugate impedance at the selected channel frequency.
  • the antennas 602-606 simultaneously effectively resonate at a different channel.
  • the system could support one transmit channel and two receive channels, each at a different frequency.
  • the antennas 602-606 simultaneously effectively resonate at the same channel.
  • the same channel frequency may be received on two different antennas, in the interests of antenna diversity.
  • the first and second antennas 102/ 106 may resonate at first and second channels, respectively, for a first frequency band in the range between 824 and 894 megahertz (MHz).
  • the first frequency band is in the range between 1850 and 1990 MHz, 880 and 960 MHz, 1710 and 1880 MHz, 1900 and 2100 MHz, 410 and 450 MHz, 2400 and 2480 MHz, 4900 and 5900 MHz, or 1565 and 1585 MHz, to name a few examples.
  • the second frequency band may also be described by the above-mentioned list of frequency spans.
  • Antennas that are capable of resonance and impedance adjustments are described in the above-mentioned Related Applications, and these patent applications are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Antenna matching circuits that are capable of supplying selectable conjugate impedances to an antenna have also been described and these applications are also incorporated herein by reference.
  • the first and second antennas may one of the following antenna types: inverted-F, monopole, dipole, horn, loop, helix, traveling wave, quadrifilar helix, baiahCe ⁇ / unb'alan'ceci' antennas, electric dipole, magnetic dipole, or capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole antennas.
  • inverted-F monopole
  • dipole dipole
  • horn loop
  • helix traveling wave
  • quadrifilar helix baiahCe ⁇ / unb'alan'ceci' antennas
  • electric dipole magnetic dipole
  • capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole antennas a capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole antennas.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a resonant- frequency adjustable inverted-F antenna.
  • the first antenna (and/ or second antenna) is an inverted-F antenna 300.
  • the inverted-F antenna 300 includes a first variable capacitor 302, connected in shunt between an antenna radiator 304 and a reference voltage 306.
  • the reference voltage may be ground.
  • the first capacitor 302 is used to vary the frequency of resonance. Alternately stated, the first capacitor 302 is used to vary the effective electrical wavelength of the radiator 304.
  • the first variable capacitor 302 includes a ferroelectric dielectric with a dielectric constant responsive to a control voltage and an interface on line 308 to accept the control voltage.
  • Ferroelectric (FE) capacitors capable of enabling the above-mentioned variable capacitor function are described in detail, in patent applications listed in the Related Applications Section, above. These FE-related applications are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the ferroelectric variable capacitor 302 may be an interdigital, gap, or overlay capacitors.
  • the variable capacitor 302 may be fabricated from conventional components, or a combination of FE and conventional components.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an impedance adjustable inverted-F antenna.
  • the first antenna is an inverted-F antenna 400 with a second variable capacitor 402, in series in a leg of a grounded resonator section 403, to vary the first impedance.
  • a third variable capacitor 404 is shown connected in series with a matching circuit (not shown) to vary the first impedance.
  • both the second capacitor 402 and the third capacitor 404 may be used to vary impedance.
  • the second antenna could be an inverted-F antenna that provides a varied second impedance ⁇ n"an' equivalent ⁇ nanner. As mentioned in the explanation of Fig.
  • the second capacitor 402 and third variable capacitor 404 may include a ferroelectric dielectric with a dielectric constant responsive to a control voltage.
  • Second capacitor 402 has as an interface on line 406 to accept the control voltage
  • third capacitor 404 has an interface on line 408 to accept the control voltage.
  • the ferroelectric variable capacitors 402 and 404 may be an interdigital, gap, or overlay capacitors.
  • the impedance is controlled with a variable capacitor placed in shunt to line 104.
  • the match can be varied using an "L", "T", or ⁇ networks, to name a few examples.
  • the matching can be performed with conventional components, or combinations of conventional and FE components.
  • the inverted-F antenna may include capacitors to vary both the impedance, as well as the resonant frequency (see Fig. 3).
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an impedance adjustable matching circuit.
  • the first matching circuit is used as an example, but the explanation below applies equally well to the second matching circuit.
  • the first matching circuit 1 10 includes a first tuning circuit 500 and a second tuning circuit 502. Although these circuits are shown as arranged in series, parallel arrangements are also possible.
  • An exemplary first tuning circuit 500 may include a first inductor 504 with a fixed inductance value and a fifth variable capacitor 506 with a selectable capacitance value.
  • the second tuning circuit 502 includes a second inductor 508 with a fixed inductance value and a sixth variable capacitor 510 with a selectable capacitance value.
  • the fifth capacitor 506 and sixth capacitor 510 may include a ferroelectric dielectric with a dielectric constant responsive to a control voltage, and an interface to accept control voltages on lines 512 and 514, respectively.
  • the first capacitor 506 and sixth capacitor 510 may be interdigital, gap, or overlay capacitors.
  • first and second tuning circuits 500/502 are shown configured in an "L" topology, those skilled in the art would be able to enable the same functionality using tunable series elements, tunable shunt elements, ⁇ , "T", and combinations of the above-mentioned topologies in different aspects of the invention.
  • the tuning circuits can be enabled with a combination of conventional capacitors, voractor diodes, and/ or FE capacitors.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention wireless telephone with a full-duplex antenna matching system.
  • the telephone 700 comprises a transceiver 702 having a transmit port on line 704 and a receiver port on line 706 to process antenna communications in a first frequency band.
  • the first antenna 102 is effectively resonant at a frequency selectable first channel in a first frequency band, and has an interface port on line 104 with a first impedance at the first channel frequency.
  • the second antenna 106 is effectively resonant at a frequency selectable second channel in the first frequency band, and has an interface on line 108 with a second impedance responsive at the second channel frequency.
  • a first matching circuit 1 10 has an output port connected to the first antenna interface port on line 104 with a first conjugate impedance at the first channel frequency.
  • the first matching circuit 1 10 has an input port connected to the transceiver transmit port on line 704.
  • a second matching circuit 1 12 has an input port connected to the second antenna interface port on line 108 with a second conjugate impedance at the second channel frequency.
  • the second matching circuit 1 12 has an output port connected to the transceiver receive port on line 706.
  • the first matching circuit 1 10 has a frequency selectable first conjugate impedance in the first frequency band.
  • the second matching circuit 1 12 has a frequency selectable second conjugate impedance in the first frequency band.
  • first antenna 102 has a selectable first impedance
  • second antenna 106 has a selectable second impedance
  • first antenna 102 resonance is frequency selectable
  • second antenna 106 resonance is frequency selectable
  • the transceiver 702 additionally processes antenna communications in a second frequency band.
  • tliis' 1 'as'pec't' ' t'lie ' tii' ' st 1 "arite ⁇ iil"d:'"102 resonates at a frequency selectable third channel in the second frequency band, with a corresponding third impedance at the third channel frequency.
  • the second antenna 106 resonates at a frequency selectable fourth channel in the second frequency band, with a corresponding fourth impedance at the fourth channel frequency.
  • the first matching circuit 1 10 has a third conjugate impedance at the third channel frequency
  • the second matching circuit 1 12 has a fourth conjugate impedance at the fourth channel frequency.
  • the telephone 700 is tuned to operate in either the first frequency band or the second frequency band, but not simultaneously in both the first and second frequency bands. However, the telephone 700 may operate so that the first and second antennas 102/ 106 effectively resonate simultaneously in the first frequency band. When tuned for second frequency band operation, the first and second antennas 102/ 106 effectively resonate simultaneously in the second frequency band.
  • first antenna 102 second antenna 106, first matching circuit 1 10, and second matching circuit 1 12 are described above in the explanations of Figs. 1, and 3-6 above, and are not repeated here in the interests of brevity.
  • Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the present invention method for full-duplex antenna impedance matching. Although the method is depicted as a sequence of numbered steps for clarity, no order should be inferred from the numbering unless explicitly stated. It should be understood that some of these steps may be skipped, performed in parallel, or performed without the requirement of maintaining a strict order of sequence.
  • the method starts at Step 800.
  • Step 802 effectively resonates a first antenna, as defined above, at a frequency selectable first channel in a first frequency band.
  • Step 804 generates a first antenna impedance at the first channel frequency.
  • Step 806 effectively resonates a second antenna at a frequency selectable second channel in the first frequency band.
  • effectively resonating means resonating with an efficiency of greater than 30% at every cK ⁇ nrieriiffHelir ⁇ tffeclufericy band.
  • Step 808 generates a second antenna impedance at the second channel frequency.
  • Step 810 supplies a first conjugate impedance match at the first channel frequency.
  • Step 812 supplies a second conjugate impedance match at the second channel frequency.
  • supplying a first conjugate impedance match at the first channel frequency includes supplying a frequency selectable first conjugate impedance.
  • Step 812 supplies a frequency selectable second conjugate impedance.
  • generating a first antenna impedance at the first channel frequency includes generating a frequency selectable first impedance.
  • Step 808 generates a frequency selectable second impedance.
  • effectively resonating a first antenna at a frequency selectable first channel in a first frequency band includes selecting the frequency of resonance.
  • Step 806 selects the frequency of resonance.
  • the method comprises further steps.
  • Step 814 effectively resonates the first antenna at a frequency selectable third channel in a second frequency band.
  • Step 816 generates a third antenna impedance at the third channel frequency.
  • Step 818 effectively resonates the second antenna at a frequency selectable fourth channel in the second frequency band.
  • Step 820 generates a fourth antenna impedance at the fourth channel frequency.
  • Step 822 supplies a third conjugate impedance match at the third channel frequency.
  • Step 824 supplies a fourth conjugate impedance match at the fourth channel frequency.
  • the first and second antennas may resonate (Steps 802 and 806) simultaneously at the first and second channels, respectively.
  • the first and second antennas may resonate (Step 814 and 818) simultaneously at the third and fourth channels, respectively.
  • the method need not necessarily perform all four steps, Steps 802, 806, 814, and 818, simultaneously.
  • the first and second channels resonate (Step 802 and 806) in a first frequency band in the range between 824 and 894 MHz.
  • Other tirst frequency band ranges include: between 1850 and 1990 MHz, between 880 and 960 MHz, between 1710 and 1880 MHz, between 1900 and 2100 MHz, between 410 and 450 MHz, between 2400 and 2480 MHz, between 4900 and 5900 MHz, and between 1565 and 1585 MHz, to name a few examples. These same ranges apply to the definition of the second frequency range.
  • effectively resonating a first antenna at a frequency- selectable first channel in a first frequency band includes (Step 802) transmitting information via the first channel.
  • Effectively resonating a second antenna at a frequency selectable second channel in a first frequency band includes receiving information via the second channel.
  • Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an alternate aspect of the method of Fig. 8.
  • the method starts at Step 900.
  • Step 902 effectively resonates a plurality of antennas at a frequency selectable channel in the first frequency band. These channels may, or may not be at the same frequency.
  • Step 904 generates an impedance at each channel frequency.
  • Step 906 supplies a conjugate impedance match at each channel frequency. Alternately, stated, a conjugate match is supplied for each of the antennas.
  • a channel-selectable full-duplex antenna system and method have been provided. Examples of particular antenna designs, matching circuit designs, and operating frequencies have been described for the purposes of clarification. However, the invention is not limited to merely these examples. Other variations and embodiments of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant d'adapter une impédance d'antenne bidirectionnelle simultanée. Ledit procédé consiste: à faire résonner efficacement une première antenne au niveau d'un premier canal sélectionné en fréquence dans une première bande de fréquence; à générer une première impédance d'antenne à la fréquence du premier canal; à faire résonner efficacement une seconde antenne au niveau d'un second canal sélectionné en fréquence dans la première bande de fréquence; à générer une seconde impédance d'antenne à la fréquence du second canal; à fournir une première adaptation d'impédance conjuguée à la fréquence du premier canal; et, à fournir une seconde adaptation d'impédance conjuguée à la fréquence du second canal. La première antenne peut être utilisée, par exemple, pour émettre, la seconde antenne étant utilisée pour recevoir des communications. Lesdites antennes résonnent efficacement en réponse à la fourniture d'adaptations d'impédances conjuguées sélectionnées en fréquence aux antennes; génèrent des impédances d'antenne sélectionnées en fréquence; et/ou sélectionnent la fréquence d'une résonance d'antenne.
EP05771518A 2004-07-26 2005-07-14 Systeme d'antenne bidirectionnelle simultanee et son procede Ceased EP1779466A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09163136A EP2096712A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-14 Système d'antenne avec une antenne réglable en F inverse

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/899,218 US7176845B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2004-07-26 System and method for impedance matching an antenna to sub-bands in a communication band
US10/899,285 US7184727B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2004-07-26 Full-duplex antenna system and method
US10/899,278 US7180467B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2004-07-26 System and method for dual-band antenna matching
PCT/US2005/024991 WO2006019910A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-14 Systeme d'antenne bidirectionnelle simultanee et son procede

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09163136A Division EP2096712A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-14 Système d'antenne avec une antenne réglable en F inverse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1779466A1 true EP1779466A1 (fr) 2007-05-02

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Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09163136A Withdrawn EP2096712A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-14 Système d'antenne avec une antenne réglable en F inverse
EP05771518A Ceased EP1779466A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-14 Systeme d'antenne bidirectionnelle simultanee et son procede
EP05775498A Ceased EP1779467A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-19 Systeme et procede d'adaptation d'antenne double bande
EP05774973A Ceased EP1779462A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-21 Systeme et procede permettant d'adapter l'impedance d'une antenne avec des sous bandes dans une bande de communication

Family Applications Before (1)

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EP09163136A Withdrawn EP2096712A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-14 Système d'antenne avec une antenne réglable en F inverse

Family Applications After (2)

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EP05775498A Ceased EP1779467A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-19 Systeme et procede d'adaptation d'antenne double bande
EP05774973A Ceased EP1779462A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-21 Systeme et procede permettant d'adapter l'impedance d'une antenne avec des sous bandes dans une bande de communication

Country Status (7)

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EP (4) EP2096712A1 (fr)
JP (3) JP4327218B2 (fr)
KR (3) KR100918160B1 (fr)
AU (3) AU2005275068B2 (fr)
BR (3) BRPI0513786A (fr)
CA (3) CA2575087A1 (fr)
WO (3) WO2006019910A1 (fr)

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KR100921890B1 (ko) 2009-10-13
JP2008507907A (ja) 2008-03-13
BRPI0513786A (pt) 2008-05-13
EP2096712A1 (fr) 2009-09-02
WO2006020285A1 (fr) 2006-02-23
CA2575120A1 (fr) 2006-02-23
JP2008507942A (ja) 2008-03-13
EP1779462A1 (fr) 2007-05-02
CA2574944A1 (fr) 2006-02-09
EP1779467A1 (fr) 2007-05-02
AU2005269601A1 (en) 2006-02-09
AU2005274709A1 (en) 2006-02-23
BRPI0513787A (pt) 2008-05-13
KR20070034081A (ko) 2007-03-27
AU2005275068A1 (en) 2006-02-23
JP4327218B2 (ja) 2009-09-09
JP4303770B2 (ja) 2009-07-29
AU2005275068B2 (en) 2008-07-24
JP4597192B2 (ja) 2010-12-15
AU2005274709B2 (en) 2008-05-01
KR20070034085A (ko) 2007-03-27
WO2006019910A1 (fr) 2006-02-23
CA2575087A1 (fr) 2006-02-23
KR100872249B1 (ko) 2008-12-05
AU2005269601B2 (en) 2008-05-15
WO2006014795A1 (fr) 2006-02-09
KR20070033015A (ko) 2007-03-23
BRPI0513791A (pt) 2008-05-13
JP2008507238A (ja) 2008-03-06
KR100918160B1 (ko) 2009-09-17

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