EP1753338A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung der feuchte an der menschlichen haut - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung der feuchte an der menschlichen hautInfo
- Publication number
- EP1753338A1 EP1753338A1 EP05715672A EP05715672A EP1753338A1 EP 1753338 A1 EP1753338 A1 EP 1753338A1 EP 05715672 A EP05715672 A EP 05715672A EP 05715672 A EP05715672 A EP 05715672A EP 1753338 A1 EP1753338 A1 EP 1753338A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- moisture
- skin
- sensor device
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/42—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the gastrointestinal, the endocrine or the exocrine systems
- A61B5/4261—Evaluating exocrine secretion production
- A61B5/4266—Evaluating exocrine secretion production sweat secretion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
- A61B2560/0209—Operational features of power management adapted for power saving
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for measuring the moisture on human skin according to claims 1 and 15.
- the human body exudes sweat, which is formed in the eccrine glands all over the body.
- the eccrine sweat has a cooling effect on the body when it evaporates and is therefore part of the body's thermoregulation.
- the eccrine sweat largely consists of water and salts, whereby it is odorless when it develops and remains odorless even when it comes into contact with skin.
- the eccrine sweat forms u. a. in the area of the armpits under the arms on the clothes wet spots known as armpits. From a cosmetic point of view, armpit wetness and sweat stains are undesirable effects for those affected.
- Aluminum or aluminum-zirconium salts are used as active ingredients in deodroant and antiperspirant products. Both The salts mentioned are inorganic polycationic polymers which have different efficacies depending on their composition and the molecular weight.
- the product form determines, for example whether it is an emulsion, a suspension, a stick, an aerosol, a roll-on or the like is the amount of sweat reduction. Due to the many mutually influencing parameters, a reliable prediction based on the data of the individual active ingredients of the antiperspirant product is not possible.
- thermostimulation takes place at constant temperature and constant relative Humidity in the hot room.
- absorbent pads are used to absorb sweat at selected, predetermined locations or areas on the subject's skin. The sweat is absorbed separately from both areas treated with an antiperspirant product and untreated areas The amount of sweat absorbed by the pads is determined gravimetrically.
- the test design in the form of the selected areas of the skin from which sweat is absorbed by the pads determines the accuracy of the measurement as well as the type of thermal stimulation.
- a modified method from S. Bielefelds Institut Bioskin, described in the literature, provides for a gravimetric determination of the amount of sweat by absorbing pads on the back after thermostimulation in the sauna. Up to eight treated areas of the skin are measured against untreated skin areas. The method has the advantage that several products can be tested at the same time, but has the same disadvantages as the first method mentioned.
- This object is achieved by the method with the features of claim 1 and the device with the features of claim 15.
- the moisture can preferably be measured in the area of the armpits, feet, intimate area and / or hair.
- the moisture sensor can be arranged and fastened over the skin. It can be attached using a plaster or an adhesive strip. This is how the moisture sensor is fixed on the skin. Care must be taken to ensure that the moisture sensor is not enclosed with the skin, so that air circulation is always guaranteed.
- the actual sensor is preferably applied to or in a suitable carrier, for example made of silicone, which ensures a constant distance and precise positioning.
- the support for the sensor can be made in a wide variety of shapes and materials. With regard to the shape, it has proven useful if the regions of the carrier in which the sensor is located have a small spatial extent, while other regions - for example, those to which the carrier with sensor is attached to the aspirant - have a larger spatial extent. In this connection, a pear-shaped design of the carrier has proven particularly useful, the sensor being located on the "stem" of the pear. Of course, such pear-shaped carriers can also be made narrower in their third dimension - the thickness - in order to ensure greater comfort.
- Silicones in particular have proven themselves as materials, since they are durable, flexible and skin-friendly.
- Silicones which are particularly preferred according to the invention are highly elastic silicone rubbers which can be hardened by means of a hardener.
- Commercial products which have been found to be particularly suitable in the context of the present invention are, for example, silicone rubber highly elastic HE or silicone rubber RTV NV, free-flowing silicone rubbers with low viscosity and very high elasticity. These rubbers can be crosslinked with silicone rubber crosslinking agents which contain organometallic compounds. Soft, dimensionally stable masses are formed. These are not sticky and are characterized by a pleasant feel when they come into contact with the skin.
- the piece of fabric can be a shirt, pants or a diaper.
- the moisture sensor can also be attached to items of clothing, belts or specially designed belts using suitable fastening devices.
- suitable fastening devices Buttons, snap fasteners, zippers or Velcro fasteners have proven to be suitable fastening devices, the latter being particularly preferred.
- An embodiment in which the aspirant wears an adjustable belt, preferably a chest belt made of elastic material, on the latter Velcro fasteners on the outside and / or inside are characterized by special wearing comfort and high reproducibility of the results.
- the sensors - which can be fixed to suitable carriers if necessary - can be attached to the Velcro fasteners.
- the air humidity above the skin can be recorded in minute, hourly and daily profiles.
- the measurements can be displayed in measurement curves, in particular the graphic measurement curves can be used in advertising.
- the measured values for the moisture on the human skin are stored in the sensor device in the form of data which are related or correlated with the measured values, in order to be available for further processing to stand.
- the data can be the more or less complete “raw” measurement data and / or parameters calculated therefrom, the parameters being calculated in particular by a microprocessor located in the sensor device.
- the measured values in the form of the stored data can be transmitted to a reading device at least temporarily, in particular as required.
- the reading device takes the data from the memory and displays it directly or leads it to further processing.
- the reading device is advantageously a mobile reading device that can be fed to the sensor device. Both devices are then connected to each other via a data line and can communicate via this. Since the data line is only needed temporarily, it should be reversibly separable. In order to simplify handling, it is advantageous not to implement the data line via cable, but via a wireless radio connection. This is preferably designed so that it has a high tolerance to external signals from others electrical devices. Such insensitivity to interference is given, for example, when the radio connection transmits and receives on a frequency in the infrared. The advantages of communication in the infrared are that the transmitter and the receiver must not be further apart from each other to ensure smooth communication. It is therefore a short-range radio link that can only be disturbed by infrared sources in the near range. Communication using radio waves (radio) can also be advantageous in certain applications.
- the IR interface offers the following advantages. On the one hand, no frequency band has to be defined, which in some areas, e.g. in clinics, would be unsuitable. In addition, the application for selected frequency bands would involve additional costs. On the other hand, IR technology offers the simple possibility of assigning an identity and thus a unique identification to each measuring system. That would only be achievable when using radio transmission through different frequency ranges for different measuring systems.
- the user leads his end device close to the sensor and can then initiate data transmission.
- the interfaces could communicate via the "Blue Tooth" standard, so that known end devices, such as PDAs, laptops or even cell phones, can be used for the display or further processing of the data Sending from the reading device via a communication network, for example the Internet, to a central computer.
- the reading device has an output means, such as a display and / or loudspeaker, for presenting the has queried data. This enables the user to get an idea of the situation directly on site.
- the data is first stored on the mobile memory (directly at the subject).
- the data is read out via an IR-PC adapter, which is connected via a cable e.g. is connected to a standard PC. (e.g. via parallel interface)
- the sensor device also has a temperature sensor in addition to the necessary humidity sensor, in order to enable a correlation of the measured humidity value with the measured temperature, in order to carry out the calculation of the relative humidity.
- the calculation can take place within the sensor device by means of the microprocessor present in the sensor device.
- the values for the relative humidity can be given directly to the reading device.
- the readout device can be designed as a terminal device that combines all functions of the evaluation and presentation.
- the reading device can also serve as an intermediary to an external computer to which it transmits the read data.
- the time of measurement is documented in [hh: mm: ss] for each humidity and temperature value. This enables an exact assignment of the measurement results to certain events in the environment.
- the components necessary for the sensor device are combined on a common chip together with a power supply.
- This should be designed in such a way that a maximum of 32,000 values can be stored "on-chip”.
- a unique identification number should be assigned to each such measuring system, so that the data from different sensor devices can be transmitted by a reading device without any confusion between the sensor devices to obtain.
- With a compact design of the sensor device with small dimensions it is possible to arrange the entire sensor device on the area of the skin to be examined, for example in the armpit area.
- the moisture sensor can also preferably be made for the moisture sensor to be spaced apart from the sensor device, connected via a flexible cable to the other components required for the sensor device. Then the moisture sensor is connected via the cable to the other components, which in turn are spatially compact. This increases the wearing comfort of the sensor device in relation to the area of the skin to be examined, since only the moisture sensor and not the entire sensor device is arranged on the area to be examined. The remaining components of the sensor device apart from the moisture sensor and a possibly existing temperature sensor can then be arranged independently of the skin area to be measured.
- the cable preferably has a skin-compatible sheathing which essentially consists of a silicone, a siloxane, an acrylate or an epoxy resin.
- the moisture sensor or the sensor device can be fixed with a plaster or an adhesive strip at the point to be measured, it being necessary to ensure that the plaster does not cover the moisture sensor or covers the moisture sensor with the skin.
- a clip or a holder is also possible for fastening the moisture sensor or the sensor device over the skin.
- a holder In the area of the armpit, a holder can be provided which is essentially shaped such that it grips around the shoulder of the test subject and rests on it. The holder projects with one section into the armpit of the test subject and has a fastening for the moisture sensor or the sensor device on this section which projects into the armpit.
- the attachment of the storage device to a chest or abdominal belt is also conceivable.
- the entire sensor device is easy to carry with the person whose moisture is measured or determined on the skin. This results from the small size, the light weight of the sensor device and the ease of handling.
- the person can move freely and the measurements are carried out under normal living conditions.
- the measurements can be carried out with a certain interruption in time with and without an antiperspirant product applied to the skin, measurements being taken at essentially the same locations and a comparison being carried out.
- changes due to active substances can be measured as well as changes due to stress, thermostimulation, gender-specific and climatic-related differences.
- a transepidermal water loss can also be determined with the device according to the invention.
- the transepidermal water loss of the epidermis is defined by the amount of water released from the skin surface in the form of water molecules in grams per square meter of skin per hour (g / (m 2 h)).
- the air humidity is determined with the sensor device under an occlusive film or occlusive chamber.
- the increase in the relative humidity above the skin is measured in the closed volume defined by the skin and the film or chamber.
- this value increases to different extents.
- the system can be operated with a battery or a rechargeable battery and is therefore independent of an electrical one Mains connection.
- an energy-saving stand-by operation makes sense.
- the transmission of the data can then be initiated by a signal triggered by the user and sent by the reading device to the sensor device.
- the sensor device in the stand-by mode is then prompted by the signal to switch to an operating mode in which data transmission is possible.
- the system is characterized by its speed in that measurement results can be displayed immediately.
- the moisture sensor or the entire sensor device advantageously has an adapter which is compatible with the skin in order not to irritate the skin due to the moisture sensor located above the skin during the measurement.
- the adapter is arranged at least around the moisture sensor and has at least one recess, a permeable layer or a hole, so that the moisture sensor is in contact with the environment to be measured and can measure.
- the adapter avoids skin contact with sharp edges of the moisture sensor and possibly materials that irritate the skin of the moisture sensor.
- the shape of the adapter preferably has rounded transitions.
- the adapter preferably consists essentially of a silicone, a siloxane, an acrylate or an epoxy resin.
- elastomers and plastics are preferred which have a Shore hardness of 30 Sh to 70 Shore-A.
- the sensor device covers a large range of measured values with high accuracy.
- a relative humidity between 2% and 99% with an error of ⁇ 2% and temperature between -20 ° C and 80 ° C can be measured with an accuracy of ⁇ 0.9 ° C.
- the current humidity and temperature value can be displayed directly on site.
- the measured values can be displayed as a trend diagram, ie as an assignment of the measured values at specific times. So there is automatically a gapless one Documentation of the data given.
- there is a wireless query option without having to remove the sensor system from the subject.
- a complete log of the entire measurement period can be kept in the memory.
- each sensor device preferably has an individual identifier and an integrated clock, so that the moisture values can be logged with the appropriate data security and then also verified.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the device of FIG. 1 encapsulated in an adapter.
- FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- 4 shows a graphical representation of the values measured with a device and method according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a graphic representation of the values measured with a device and method according to the invention. 6 shows in a table the values measured with a device and method according to the invention.
- a sensor device 1 has a moisture sensor 2, a microprocessor 3, an interface 4 and a battery 5.
- the moisture sensor 2 has a moisture sensor element in which an electrical parameter changes as a function of the respective moisture.
- the moisture-dependent electrical resistance of the sensor element is changed due to the moisture and the change is measured.
- the measured capacitance of the corresponding sensor element which is preferably a polymer, changes as a function of moisture. It is also possible to measure the enthalpy of solution of a gaseous compound during absorption in a polymer, which is also dependent on the moisture to be measured.
- the moisture sensor 2 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 uses the capacitive measuring principle, in which the change in the dielectric constant of a polymer due to moisture is measured.
- the microprocessor 3 has a memory 6, which is managed by the microprocessor 3.
- a program for controlling the sensor device 1 can be transferred via the interface 4 to the microcomputer with microprocessor 3 and memory 6.
- a quartz standard 3a is used to generate a time stamp.
- the humidity sensor 2 is designed as a combined humidity and temperature sensor.
- the sensor device 1 is able to measure the relative humidity in a range from 2% to 99% with an accuracy of ⁇ 2%.
- the temperature sensor measures in a range from -20 ° C to 80 ° C with an accuracy of ⁇ 0.9 ° C.
- the sensor device works autonomously and can measure the relative humidity and temperature in a time-resolved manner. The time interval between the individual measurements can be set application-specifically. Programming of the starting point and the end of the measurement is also possible.
- FIG. 1 shows, in addition to the sensor device 1 according to the invention, a portable reading device 7 which can read the memory 6 of the microprocessor 3.
- the reading device 7 points for communication with the sensor device 1 an interface 8.
- the microprocessor and memory of the reading device 7 are not shown in the schematic illustration.
- the data received by the sensor device 1 or processed in the reading device 7 are shown on a display 9.
- the sensor device 1 is designed as a compact component and has the following external dimensions:
- the sensor device 1 is approximately 25 mm long, 12 mm wide and 8 mm high.
- the outer dimensions of the compact sensor device 1 of FIG. 1 are shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2.
- the sensor device 1 is surrounded by a skin-compatible adapter 10 so that the skin does not come into direct contact with a component of the sensor device 1.
- the material of the adapter 10 consists essentially of a silicone, a siloxane, an acrylate or an epoxy resin.
- the adapter 10 can have the function of a housing.
- the adapter 10 has at least one recess 11 facing the skin so that the moisture sensor 2 can interact with the respective air to be measured above the skin.
- the moisture-sensitive sensor element of the moisture sensor 2 is arranged in the direction of the recess 11.
- the only decisive factor is that the relative arrangement of the moisture-sensitive sensor element with respect to the recess is provided in such a way that moisture exchange between the moisture sensor 2 and the environment to be measured can take place as undisturbed as possible, and not through larger amounts of moisture e.g. Drops of sweat on the skin surface can be affected.
- the recess 11 is somewhat smaller than the corresponding base area of the moisture sensor 2 or the sensor element selected.
- the recess 11 is chosen to be larger than the base area of the moisture sensor 2 or the sensor element, this causes an advantageous flow around the moisture sensor 2 with the air to be measured above the skin and thus an improved moisture exchange with the sensor element.
- the compact sensor device 1 according to FIG. 2 can be arranged on the skin and fastened with a plaster.
- the moisture sensor 2 of the sensor device 1 faces the recess 11 of the skin, the moisture sensor 2 not being covered with the plaster over the skin in order not to generate an enclosed volume for the measurement.
- the moisture sensor 2 does not come into direct contact with the skin, which may have sweat, so that the moisture sensor 2 or the sensor element can neither get wet nor absorb salts from the sweat, which leads to falsification of the moisture measurements could.
- the moisture sensor 2 with the sensor element is arranged at a short distance above the skin.
- the distance between the moisture sensor 2 and the skin is preferably a few millimeters, for example up to 20 mm, preferably 1 mm to 5 mm, further preferably 2 mm to 4 mm and in particular 2 mm and essentially corresponds to the thickness of the adapter 10 in the area around the moisture sensor 2.
- the sensor device 1 comprises the same components as the first exemplary embodiment of the sensor device 1 in FIG. 1. However, a flexible cable 12 is provided with which the moisture sensor 2 provided with the adapter 10 is spaced apart from the microprocessor 3, the quartz standard 3a, of the interface 4, the battery 5 and the memory 6 is arranged. The latter components of the sensor device 1 are designed as a compact component. Via the flexible cable 12 it is possible to arrange the moisture sensor 2 with the adapter 10 surrounding it at the point to be measured, the other components of the sensor device 1 not at the point to be measured Place must be arranged. The cable 12 connects the moisture sensor 2 to the battery 5 and the microprocessor 3.
- the adapter 10 around the moisture sensor 2 is designed in the form of a sleeve.
- the humidity sensor 2 can be designed as a combined humidity and temperature sensor. Otherwise, the explanations for the first embodiment apply accordingly.
- the moisture sensor 2 can be attached to the skin via a plaster on the cable 12 immediately below the adapter 10, so that the plaster fixes the moisture sensor 2 but does not cover it.
- a holder which is adapted to the body part to be measured.
- a holder in the form of a clip can be provided for the armpit area, which rests on the shoulder and also encompasses the shoulder from behind or in front and projects into the armpit with a section on which the moisture sensor 2 is fixed in the armpit above the skin .
- the other necessary components of the sensor device 1 can be surrounded by a housing and fastened to the body with a belt or carried outside the body in a small container provided for this purpose.
- 4 and 5 show examples of graphical representations of values for the humidity and the temperature measured with the method and the device according to the invention.
- the measurements were carried out as an example for the area below the armpit.
- the measurement curve designated 13 indicates the temperature profile.
- the measurement curve labeled 14 represents the moisture profile.
- a moving average was chosen for the display for both measurement curves. Sweat formation is concluded from the increases in moisture in relation to a basic moisture level of the skin.
- 6 shows, by way of example in table form, the values measured for an armpit area of a test person using the method and device according to the invention. The values were measured continuously every minute for a period of twenty minutes.
- the type of data processing and data visualization depends on the respective application.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of the measurement results of a method according to the invention for the detection of product performance for advertising messages and advertising displays.
- products particularly preferably cosmetic products and in particular deodorants or antiperspirants, can be better and more objectively assessed with regard to their effect than with other methods.
- the measurement results of the method according to the invention can therefore be used both for the evaluation of such products and for the promotion of products which deliver correspondingly good measurement results. In this way, the consumer can be provided with an objectively tested and rated product, whereby the objectively supported statement serves as a claim or advertisement for the product.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200410027909 DE102004027909A1 (de) | 2004-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Feuchte an der menschlichen Haut |
PCT/EP2005/002206 WO2005120333A1 (de) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-03-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung der feuchte an der menschlichen haut |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1753338A1 true EP1753338A1 (de) | 2007-02-21 |
Family
ID=34961158
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05715672A Withdrawn EP1753338A1 (de) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-03-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung der feuchte an der menschlichen haut |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1753338A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004027909A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005120333A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008002520A1 (de) | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung des Flüssigkeitsgehalts der Haut |
FR2954083B1 (fr) | 2009-12-21 | 2012-12-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif et procede d'evaluation de la perte hydrique d'un individu ou d'un animal par sudation. |
JP5646939B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2014-12-24 | テルモ株式会社 | 水分計 |
JP2012071056A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Terumo Corp | 水分計 |
EP2498481A1 (de) | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-12 | Sensirion AG | Mobiltelefon mit Feuchtigkeitssensor |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5131390A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1992-07-21 | Suzuken Co. | Device for continuously measuring the skin local sweating rate |
GB9814862D0 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 1998-09-09 | South Bank Univ Entpr Ltd | Method and equipment for measuring vapour flux from surfaces |
EP1379161B1 (de) * | 2001-02-08 | 2006-11-08 | Mini-Mitter Company, Inc | Hautpflaster mit temperatursensor |
JP2005501576A (ja) * | 2001-05-07 | 2005-01-20 | カーディオセーフ・インターナショナル・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 患者監視構成 |
-
2004
- 2004-06-09 DE DE200410027909 patent/DE102004027909A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-03-03 WO PCT/EP2005/002206 patent/WO2005120333A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-03 EP EP05715672A patent/EP1753338A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005120333A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005120333A1 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
DE102004027909A1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
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