EP1751320A1 - Piece d'usure constituee d'une matiere composite contenant du diamant - Google Patents

Piece d'usure constituee d'une matiere composite contenant du diamant

Info

Publication number
EP1751320A1
EP1751320A1 EP05743117A EP05743117A EP1751320A1 EP 1751320 A1 EP1751320 A1 EP 1751320A1 EP 05743117 A EP05743117 A EP 05743117A EP 05743117 A EP05743117 A EP 05743117A EP 1751320 A1 EP1751320 A1 EP 1751320A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
part according
wearing part
alloy
metallic
diamond
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05743117A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1751320B1 (fr
Inventor
Rolf KÖSTERS
Arndt LÜDTKE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ceratizit Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Ceratizit Austria GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ceratizit Austria GmbH filed Critical Ceratizit Austria GmbH
Publication of EP1751320A1 publication Critical patent/EP1751320A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1751320B1 publication Critical patent/EP1751320B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
    • C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
    • C22C1/1021—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform the preform being ceramic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/006—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes with additional metal compounds being carbides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wear part made of a diamond-containing composite material and a method for its production.
  • a wearing part is a component that is subject to high wear and tear.
  • materials such as hardened steels, high-speed steels, stones, hard metals and hard materials.
  • diamond-containing composites or material composites are becoming increasingly interesting.
  • No. 4,124,401 describes a polycrystalline diamond material in which the individual diamond grains are held together by silicon carbide and a metal carbide or metal silicide. Although materials according to US Pat. No. 4,124,401 are very hard, they can only be machined in a very complex manner.
  • EP 0 116 403 discloses a diamond-containing composite material which consists of 80 to 90% by volume of diamond and 10 to 20% by volume of Ni and Si-containing phase, Ni as Ni or Ni silicide and Si as Si, SiC or Ni silicide is present. There are no other phase components between the diamond grains. In order to achieve a sufficient bond between the individual diamond grains, sintering temperatures> 1400 ° C are required. Since diamond is no longer stable at these temperatures under normal pressure conditions, correspondingly high pressures are required according to the pressure-temperature diagram in order to prevent the diamond from decomposing. The systems required for this are expensive. In addition, the diamond composite material produced in this way has very low fracture toughness and poor machinability.
  • WO 99/12866 describes a method for producing a diamond-silicon carbide composite material. It is manufactured by infiltration of a diamond skeleton with silicon or one Silicon alloy. Due to the high melting point of silicon and the resulting high infiltration temperature, diamond is converted to a large extent into graphite and subsequently into silicon carbide. Due to the high brittleness, the mechanical workability of this material is extremely problematic and complex.
  • US 4,902,652 describes a method for producing a sintered diamond material.
  • An element from the group of transition metals from groups 4a, 5a and 6a, boron and silicon is deposited on diamond powder by means of physical coating processes.
  • the coated diamond grains are then connected to one another by means of a solid phase sintering process. It is disadvantageous that the resulting product has a high porosity, low fracture toughness and poor machinability.
  • No. 5,045,972 describes a composite material in which, in addition to diamond grains with a size of 1 to 50 ⁇ m, there is a metallic matrix consisting of aluminum, magnesium, copper, silver or their alloys.
  • the disadvantage here is that the metallic matrix is poorly bonded to the diamond grains, so that the mechanical integrity is not given to a sufficient degree.
  • US 5,783,316 describes a method in which diamond grains are coated with W, Zr, Re, Cr or titanium, the coated grains are compacted in a wide sequence and the porous body is e.g. is infiltrated with Cu, Ag or Cu-Ag melts.
  • the high coating costs and insufficient wear resistance limit the field of use of composite materials produced in this way.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to provide a wearing part made of a diamond-containing composite material which has a high Has wear resistance and can be produced comparatively inexpensively by a sufficient formability.
  • a metallic alloy is understood to mean a single-phase or multi-phase material which, in addition to metallic structural components, can also contain intermetallic, semi-metallic or ceramic structural components.
  • An intermetallic alloy is a material that mainly consists of an intermetallic phase.
  • the high bond strength between the diamond grains and the metallic / intermetallic alloy increases the fracture toughness due to the carbide phase that forms between them.
  • the transition elements of the IIIb, IVb, Vb, Vlb groups of the periodic table, lanthanides, B and Si are suitable as carbide-forming elements. Disregarding the radioactive and very expensive elements, these are Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, B, Sc, Y and lanthanides.
  • the carbidic phase preferably arises from a reaction of the carbide-forming element with diamond.
  • a thickness of this carbidic phase in the nanometer range or a degree of coverage of> 60 percent is sufficient.
  • the degree of coverage is to be understood as the proportion of the diamond grain surface which is enveloped by the carbidic phase. According to these premises, this corresponds to a volume content of the carbidic phase of> 0.001%. If an upper limit of 12 vol.% Is exceeded, the fracture toughness decreases below a critical value and inexpensive processing is no longer possible.
  • the carbide-forming element or elements are also present in the metallic / intermetallic alloy in dissolved or precipitated form and, on their own or together with other alloying elements, cause the metallic / intermetallic alloy to solidify.
  • a minimum hardness of the metallic / intermetallic alloy at room temperature of> 250 HV, preferably> 400 HV, must be set.
  • the selection of the carbide-forming element depends on the matrix metal of the metallic / intermetallic alloy, the manufacturing process and the geometry of the wear part.
  • Suitable matrix metals for the metallic alloy are Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Pb and Sn, the first six elements mentioned being particularly suitable.
  • the carbide-forming elements and optionally further alloy elements are dissolved in the metallic alloy or in this, for example in the form of precipitates or intermetallic
  • the alloy composition should be chosen so that the liquidus temperature is ⁇ 1400 ° C and the solidus temperature is preferably ⁇ 1200 ° C. This enables a correspondingly low one Processing temperature, for example infiltration or hot pressing temperature. It is thus possible to carry out processing at comparatively low gas pressures of ⁇ 1 kbar, preferably ⁇ 50 bar, in accordance with the pressure / temperature phase diagram for graphite / diamond. Compared to conventional polycrystalline diamond (PCD), this means significantly reduced manufacturing costs.
  • PCD polycrystalline diamond
  • the usual strength-increasing mechanisms in particular mixed crystal and precipitation hardening, can be used.
  • the precipitation-hardened Al alloys such as Al-Mg-Si-Cu, Al-Cu-Ti, Al-Si-Cu and Al-Si-Mg, are particularly suitable
  • Al-Si alloys hardenable Cu alloys, and here again preferably alloys with the addition of Si and further Cr and / or Zr, hypereutectic Ag-Si alloys, as well as Fe, Co and Ni alloys, to name their liquidus or solidus temperature Addition of Si and / or B is reduced to the values specified in claim 1.
  • Excellent wear resistance can be achieved with diamond contents of 40% by volume.
  • the upper limit of the diamond content of 90% by volume represents a barrier to cost-effective production.
  • a sufficient fracture toughness of the diamond composite material would no longer be guaranteed at higher diamond contents.
  • carbidic phase and metallic / intermetallic alloy are 0.1 to 10% by volume and 10 to 30% by volume.
  • Trials have shown that diamond powder comes in a wide range
  • Grain size spectrum can be processed.
  • cheaper synthetic diamonds can also be processed.
  • Good processing results were also achieved with the common coated diamond grades. This means that the cheapest variety can be used.
  • a particularly advantageous wear resistance can be achieved when using diamond powder with a grain size of 20 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • Wear parts can be found in a wide variety of applications.
  • the first excellent results were achieved with water jet nozzles, drill bit inserts, saw teeth and drill tips. Due to its excellent thermal conductivity, especially when using a metallic phase based on Cu, Al or Ag, the material according to the invention is also particularly suitable for applications in which wear is associated with heat development. Only brake discs for airplanes, rail vehicles, automobiles and motorcycles are mentioned here as examples.
  • a wide variety of processes can be used for the production. It is thus possible to compact diamond powder coated with a carbide-forming element with metal powder under temperature and pressure. This can be done, for example, in hot presses or hot isostatic presses. Infiltration has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • a precursor or intermediate is produced which can contain a binder in addition to diamond powder. Binders which pyrolyze to a high degree under the influence of temperature are particularly advantageous. advantageous
  • Binder contents are 1 to 20% by weight.
  • Diamond powder and binder are mixed in conventional mixers or mills.
  • the shaping then takes place, this being supported by pouring into a mold or by pressure, for example by pressing or metal powder injection molding.
  • the intermediate substance is subsequently heated to a temperature at which the binder at least partially pyrolyzes.
  • the pyrolysis of the binder can also take place during the heating up in the infiltration process.
  • the infiltration process can be pressure-free or pressure-supported. The latter can be done in a sinter-hip system or by means of squeeze casting.
  • the liquidus temperature of the respective infiltrate alloy (alloy that infiltrates into the porous body) is not higher than 1400 ° C, advantageously not higher than 1200 ° C, since otherwise excessive amounts of diamond will decompose.
  • An infiltrate with a eutectic composition is particularly suitable for infiltration.
  • Synthetic diamond powder with an average grain size of 90 ⁇ m was made into a plate by means of die pressing at a pressure of 200 MPa
  • the pore content of the plate was approximately 20% by volume.
  • this plate was covered with a piece of the infiltrate alloy, which had already melted in an upstream process and whose liquidus and solidus temperature was determined by means of thermal analysis.
  • the compositions of the infiltrate alloys are shown in Table 1.
  • the porous diamond body and the infiltrate alloy were first heated in a sinter-hip system under vacuum to a temperature of 70 ° C above the liquidus temperature of the respective infiltrate alloy. After a holding time of 10 minutes, an argon gas pressure of 40 bar was set. After a further holding time of 5 minutes, the sample was cooled to room temperature by switching off the heating and under Ar gas flooding and subjected to a further one-hour heat treatment at 200 ° C. under the respective non-variance temperature.
  • a carbidic phase enveloping the diamond grains was formed in all of the variants examined.
  • the diamond composites according to the invention were subjected to a sandblasting test and with hard metal with a Co content of 2% by weight. compared.
  • the removal rates based on the reference hard metal are shown in Table 1.

Abstract

Pièce d'usure constituée d'une matière composite contenant du diamant et un procédé de fabrication de ladite pièce. Ladite matière composite contient 40 à 90 % en volume de grains de diamant, 0,001 à 12 % en volume de phase carbure constituée d'un ou plusieurs éléments du groupe constitué par Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, B, Sc, Y et les lanthanides, et 7 à 49 % d'un alliage métallique ou intermétallique avec une température liquidus inférieure à 1400 DEG C. L'alliage métallique ou intermétallique contient le (les) élément(s) formant du carbure sous forme dissoute ou précipitée et possède une dureté à température ambiante supérieure à 250 HV.
EP05743117A 2004-06-01 2005-05-30 Piece d'usure constituee d'une matiere composite contenant du diamant Not-in-force EP1751320B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0038604U AT7492U1 (de) 2004-06-01 2004-06-01 Verschleissteil aus einem diamanthaltigen verbundwerkstoff
PCT/AT2005/000184 WO2005118901A1 (fr) 2004-06-01 2005-05-30 Piece d'usure constituee d'une matiere composite contenant du diamant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1751320A1 true EP1751320A1 (fr) 2007-02-14
EP1751320B1 EP1751320B1 (fr) 2010-01-27

Family

ID=34140140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05743117A Not-in-force EP1751320B1 (fr) 2004-06-01 2005-05-30 Piece d'usure constituee d'une matiere composite contenant du diamant

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US7879129B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1751320B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008502794A (fr)
KR (1) KR20070026550A (fr)
CN (1) CN1961090B (fr)
AT (2) AT7492U1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005008950D1 (fr)
IL (1) IL179677A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005118901A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200609866B (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7879129B2 (en) 2011-02-01
CN1961090A (zh) 2007-05-09
US20070092727A1 (en) 2007-04-26
DE502005008950D1 (de) 2010-03-18
ATE456683T1 (de) 2010-02-15
IL179677A (en) 2012-03-29
CN1961090B (zh) 2010-12-08
KR20070026550A (ko) 2007-03-08
EP1751320B1 (fr) 2010-01-27
WO2005118901A1 (fr) 2005-12-15
IL179677A0 (en) 2007-05-15
AT7492U1 (de) 2005-04-25
JP2008502794A (ja) 2008-01-31
ZA200609866B (en) 2009-05-27

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