EP1733216A1 - Element de mesure destine a determiner une propriete physique d'un gaz de mesure - Google Patents

Element de mesure destine a determiner une propriete physique d'un gaz de mesure

Info

Publication number
EP1733216A1
EP1733216A1 EP05716878A EP05716878A EP1733216A1 EP 1733216 A1 EP1733216 A1 EP 1733216A1 EP 05716878 A EP05716878 A EP 05716878A EP 05716878 A EP05716878 A EP 05716878A EP 1733216 A1 EP1733216 A1 EP 1733216A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor element
solid electrolyte
cavity
electrolyte body
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05716878A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Berndt Cramer
Bernd Schumann
Rolf Speicher
Ralf Liedtke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1733216A1 publication Critical patent/EP1733216A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
    • G01N27/4071—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases using sensor elements of laminated structure

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a sensor element for determining the physical property of a measurement gas, in particular the concentration of a gas component in a gas mixture, in particular the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a known sensor element for a so-called broadband lambda probe, with which the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas from internal combustion engines or internal combustion engines is determined, (DE 199 41 051 AI) has a plurality of layers or foils made of an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte material, for example made of yttrium oxide fully or partially stabilized or partially stabilized zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), which are laminated together to form a planar, ceramic body and then sintered.
  • a measuring gas space and a reference gas channel are formed in the layer or film composite, and an electrical resistance heater provided with an insulating jacket is embedded.
  • the reference gas channel is from a
  • the sensor element has a pump cell for pumping oxygen into or out of the sample gas space and a Nernst or concentration cell for measuring the oxygen concentration.
  • the pump cell has an outer and an inner pump electrode, the Nernst or concentration cell has a Nernst or measuring electrode and a reference electrode.
  • the reference electrode is in Reference gas channel arranged on the solid electrolyte.
  • the inner pump electrode and the Nernst or measuring electrode are placed in the measuring gas space and arranged opposite each other on one of the solid electrolyte layers.
  • the outer pump electrode is arranged on the outside of the solid electrolyte layer bearing the inner pump electrode and faces away from the inner pump electrode and is preferably exposed to the exhaust gas via a porous protective layer.
  • the electrical resistance heater heats the sensor to the required operating temperature of approx. 750 ° to 800 ° C.
  • the voltage that can be applied to the electrical resistance heater for this purpose is limited by the on-board voltage of the vehicle.
  • the resistance heater takes a certain amount of time before it has heated up the sensor to operating temperature and the sensor is able to provide a reliable measurement of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas.
  • the sensor cannot measure the oxygen concentration during the heating process, so that the fuel mixture of the internal combustion engine cannot be optimally adjusted and high exhaust gas emissions occur.
  • the heating-up time of the sensor is further increased by heat losses which result from the cooling of the sensor by the cold exhaust gas and by heat radiation.
  • a heat-conducting layer is formed on at least one outer surface of the sensor element Platinum applied, in those areas of the outer surface which have a high temperature gradient due to the heating by the resistance heater and due to the temperature distribution which is present outside the sensor element during operation.
  • the heat-conducting layer brings about temperature compensation between areas with different temperatures, as a result of which the temperature gradient and thus the mechanical stresses in the sensor element, which can lead to cracks, are reduced.
  • the heat-conducting layer contains a metal, in particular platinum, and has one Thickness from 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • a ceramic material for example aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), is added for stabilization.
  • the sensor element according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the heat losses of the sensor element are significantly reduced by "burying" the outer electrode at the base of the cavity.
  • the cavity conducts the thermal energy only slightly, so that advantageous thermal insulation is achieved.
  • the outer electrode which is preferably made of platinum, now forms an inner interface and, because of its low emissivity towards the zirconium oxide of the solid electrolyte, causes significantly less energy to be emitted by radiation.
  • the heating-up time of the sensor element until it reaches its operating temperature is thus shortened, and the convective heat loss during strong, cold sample gas flow is reduced during operation of the sensor element, thus reducing the heating power requirement.
  • the solid electrolyte body has a second cavity which is arranged in the solid electrolyte body near the outside of the solid electrolyte body facing away from the first cavity and extends over the area of the heating surface of the resistance heater.
  • the second cavity is preferably introduced from the outside, open to the outside and closed by a second cover.
  • the cavity as a poor heat conductor, protects the interior of the sensor element from loss of energy.
  • the base of the second cavity opposite the cover is provided with a coating which has a low emissivity and which, for example, consists of platinum or ruthenium oxide or other noble metals and their oxides. This covering also leads to an interface with a low emission coefficient and thus to low radiation losses and acts as a reflector which reflects the heat radiation back to the inside sensor areas.
  • the two cavities are filled with a porous material, e.g. a highly porous ceramic that has very similar heat-insulating properties to the cavity, but has greater mechanical stability.
  • a porous material e.g. a highly porous ceramic that has very similar heat-insulating properties to the cavity, but has greater mechanical stability.
  • supports are integrated in the cavities according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, which support the covers against the bottom of the cavities.
  • the covers are made from a material that has a greater mechanical expansion coefficient than the solid electrolyte. This minimizes mechanical stresses that form on the cover and solid electrolyte due to the different temperatures, in particular when both have the same expansion coefficient.
  • FIG. 3 each shows the same representation as in FIGS. 1 and 4 of a modified broadband lambda probe according to two further exemplary embodiments
  • FIG. 5 shows the same representation as in FIG. 2 of a modified broadband lambda probe according to a further exemplary embodiment.
  • the sensor element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in different sectional views is designed for a broadband lambda probe and is used to determine the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine or an internal combustion engine.
  • the sensor element has a solid electrolyte body 11, which is composed of oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte layers 111-114, which are designed as ceramic foils. Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) fully or partially stabilized with yttrium is used as the solid electrolyte material.
  • the integrated shape of the planar ceramic solid electrolyte body 11 is produced by laminating together the ceramic films printed with functional layers and then sintering the laminated structure.
  • the first cover 13 is porous, so that the exhaust gas flowing around the sensor element can penetrate into the cavity 12.
  • a measuring gas space 14 and a reference gas channel 15 are formed in the second solid electrolyte layer 112 located below. Measuring gas chamber 14 and reference gas channel 15 are covered by the first solid electrolyte layer 111 and a third solid electrolyte layer 113, the measuring gas chamber 14 being connected to the first cavity 12 via a gas opening 16 introduced into the first solid electrolyte layer 111.
  • an outer electrode 17 is arranged on the first solid electrolyte layer 111.
  • An inner electrode 18 is arranged in the measuring gas space 14 on the first solid electrolyte layer 111.
  • the two electrodes 17, 18 are designed in the same size as a circular ring and concentrically enclose the gas opening 16.
  • a measuring or Nemst electrode 19 is arranged on the third solid electrolyte layer 113 opposite the inner electrode 18.
  • the Nemst electrode 19 also has a circular ring shape and is preferably printed on the third solid electrolyte layer 113.
  • a porous diffusion barrier 20 is arranged in front of the measurement gas space 14 in the diffusion direction of the gas of the inner electrode 18 and the Nemst electrode 19.
  • the porous diffusion barrier 20 forms a diffusion resistance with respect to the gas diffusing to the electrodes 18, 19.
  • a reference electrode 21 is arranged in the reference gas channel 15, which is acted upon by a reference gas, for example air, the reference electrode 21 being located below the extent of the first cavity 12.
  • the reference gas channel 15 is separated from the measurement gas chamber 14 by a remaining web in the second solid electrolyte layer 112.
  • the reference electrode 21 forms, together with the measuring or Nemst electrode 19, a Nemst or concentration cell with which the oxygen concentration is measured.
  • a second cavity 22 is provided which is open to the outside and is closed here by a second cover 23.
  • the bottom of the second cavity 22 is coated with a coating 24 with low emissivity. Platinum is preferably used as the covering material, but other high-melting noble metals or their oxides with low emission coefficients can also be used, for example ruthenium oxide.
  • An electrical resistance heater 25 is arranged between the third solid electrolyte layer 113 and the fourth solid electrolyte layer 114, which has a heating surface 251 extending in the region of the electrodes 18, 19, 21 and two feed lines 252 to the heating surface 251. Heating surface 251 and supply lines 252 are in an insulation 26, e.g. made of aluminum oxide (AbO ⁇ , embedded.
  • the electrical resistance heater 25 is connected to a DC voltage, which is usually the on-board voltage of a vehicle, and is used to heat the sensor element to an operating temperature of about 750 ° C to 800 ° C and to keep it at operating temperature The sensor element only works optimally at this operating temperature and outputs reliable measured values for the concentration of the gas component, here oxygen.
  • the two cavities 12, 22 reduce the heat transport from the inner region to the surface of the sensor element, so that less heating energy is required to keep the sensor element at operating temperature.
  • the outer electrode 17 made of platinum in the first cavity 12 and the platinum coating 24 in the second cavity 22 lead to an interface with a low emission coefficient and thus to lower radiation losses.
  • a platinum coating opposite the outer electrode 17 and the platinum coating 24 could form a reflector which reflects the heat radiation to the inner region of the sensor element. Overall, this leads to the heat losses of the sensor element being significantly reduced, so that, on the one hand, the cold sensor element is heated up to its operating temperature more quickly, and on the other other, the sensor element is cooled less by the flow around the measurement or exhaust gas.
  • the two cavities 12, 22 can be covered with a porous material, e.g. a highly porous ceramic, which has very similar heat-insulating properties.
  • a porous material e.g. a highly porous ceramic, which has very similar heat-insulating properties.
  • An increase in the mechanical stability of the sensor element can also be achieved by supports in the cavities 12 and 22, which support the first or second cover 13, 23 against the bottom of the first or second cavity 12, 22.
  • the gas passage hole 27 is designed as a bore 28 penetrating the cover 13. 4 and 5, the gas passage hole 27 opening into the first cavity 12 is introduced into the solid electrolyte body 11, specifically into the end face of the solid electrolyte body 11 (FIG. 4) or into one of the long sides of the solid electrolyte body 11 (FIG. 5).
  • the sensor elements shown in FIGS. 3-5 match the sensor element described in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2. For the sake of clarity, however, not all reference numbers are entered for the assignment of the same components.
  • the invention is not limited to the described example of the sensor element for a broadband lambda probe for determining the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
  • An example of the latter can be found in DE 100 54 828 AI or in DE 101 14 186 C2.
  • Other gas components in a gas mixture for example nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, can also be determined with the sensor element according to the invention.
  • Another physical property of a measurement gas can also be determined by the sensor element, for example the pressure in the measurement gas or in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
  • the electrodes 17, 18 and 19 can also be made rectangular.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de mesure destiné à déterminer une propriété physique d'un gaz de mesure, en particulier la concentration d'un constituant gazeux dans un mélange gazeux, en particulier la concentration d'oxygène dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne, lequel élément de mesure présente un corps (11) d'électrolyte solide, une électrode extérieure (17) placée sur le corps (11) d'électrolyte solide et exposée au gaz de mesure, une électrode intérieure (18), placée dans le corps (11) d'électrolyte solide, et une résistance chauffante (25) placée dans le corps (11) d'électrolyte solide, intégrée dans une isolation (26) et pourvue d'une surface chauffante (251) de préférence en méandres. L'objectif de cette invention est de réduire les pertes de chaleur de l'élément de mesure, liées à la convection et au rayonnement vers le flux de gaz de mesure froid. A cet effet, l'électrode extérieure (17) est installée dans une cavité (12) ménagée dans le corps (11) d'électrolyte solide.
EP05716878A 2004-03-20 2005-03-02 Element de mesure destine a determiner une propriete physique d'un gaz de mesure Withdrawn EP1733216A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004013852A DE102004013852A1 (de) 2004-03-20 2004-03-20 Sensorelement zur Bestimmung der physikalischen Eigenschaft eines Messgases
PCT/EP2005/050916 WO2005090958A1 (fr) 2004-03-20 2005-03-02 Element de mesure destine a determiner une propriete physique d'un gaz de mesure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1733216A1 true EP1733216A1 (fr) 2006-12-20

Family

ID=34960883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05716878A Withdrawn EP1733216A1 (fr) 2004-03-20 2005-03-02 Element de mesure destine a determiner une propriete physique d'un gaz de mesure

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20080035480A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1733216A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4637167B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004013852A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005090958A1 (fr)

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DE102004060291A1 (de) 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensorelement zur Bestimmung von Gaskomponenten in Gasgemischen und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
DE102006014248A1 (de) 2006-03-28 2007-10-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensorelement zur Bestimmung eines Gasanteils mit verbesserten thermischen Eigenschaften
DE102006061955A1 (de) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensorelement mit brenngassensitiver Anode
DE102007057903B4 (de) * 2007-11-29 2010-07-08 Continental Automotive Gmbh Sensormodul und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Sensormoduls
DE102013218840A1 (de) 2013-09-19 2015-03-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mikroheizplattenvorrichtung und Sensor mit einer Mikroheizplattenvorrichtung
US10876994B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2020-12-29 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Sensor element and gas sensor
US10852270B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2020-12-01 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Sensor element and gas sensor
US10866206B2 (en) 2015-03-27 2020-12-15 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Sensor element and gas sensor
CN108318563A (zh) * 2018-01-29 2018-07-24 上海艾瓷传感科技有限公司 一种制氧机用氧浓度检测传感器
JP7068132B2 (ja) * 2018-10-18 2022-05-16 株式会社Soken ガスセンサ
JP7181811B2 (ja) * 2019-02-26 2022-12-01 日本碍子株式会社 ガスセンサ素子及びガスセンサ
JP7389700B2 (ja) * 2020-03-31 2023-11-30 日本碍子株式会社 ガスセンサ
CN112198206A (zh) * 2020-09-21 2021-01-08 苏州禾苏传感器科技有限公司 一种电化学气体传感器芯片
CN117589841B (zh) * 2024-01-04 2024-05-14 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种宽域氧传感器、测试电路及测试方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080035480A1 (en) 2008-02-14
DE102004013852A1 (de) 2005-12-01
JP2007529760A (ja) 2007-10-25
JP4637167B2 (ja) 2011-02-23
WO2005090958A1 (fr) 2005-09-29

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