Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
  • B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
  • B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
  • C01B3/0094—Atomic hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B5/00—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
  • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
  • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
  • B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
  • B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
  • B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
  • B01J2219/0809—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes employing two or more electrodes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
  • B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
  • B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
  • B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
  • B01J2219/0824—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes
  • B01J2219/0826—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear
  • B01J2219/0828—Wires
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
  • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
  • B01J2219/0877—Liquid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
  • B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

• This invention is related to equipment or a system and method for the processing of water or distilled water into a gaseous and combustible form of HHO combustible gas produced from water for use in internal combustion engine systems, in other fossil fuel engine systems, in gaseous welding systems and other similar systems.
• the invention is also related to the form of HHO combustible gas produced from electrolyzers or gas generators connected to such systems.
• the prior art deals with equipment and methods for the processing of water into conventional gaseous fuels, that is, fuels possessing the conventional molecular chemical composition or mixture of chemical compositions and is sometimes referred to as "Brown's Gas".
• the present invention provides equipment or a system and related processes (methodology) to produce novel fuel composed of a chemical species beyond that of molecules, that is, HHO combustible gas, which fuel is produced from water using a particular form of electrolyzer.
• HHO gas a new clean burning combustible gas
• a special electrolyzer described in detail in the Specifications. It will be soon evident that, despite a number of similarities, the HHO gas is dramatically different than the Brown gas or other gases produced by pre-existing electrolyzers. In fact, the latter is a combination of conventional hydrogen and conventional oxygen gases, that is, gases possessing the conventional "molecular" structure, having the exact stochiometric ratio of 2/3 hydrogen and 1/3 oxygen.
• the HHO gas does not have such an exact stochiometric ratio but instead has basically a structure having a "magnecular" characteristic, including the presence of clusters in macroscopic percentages that cannot be explained via the usual valence bond.
• the constituents clusters of the Brown Gas and the HHO gas are dramatically different both in percentages as well as in chemical composition, as shown below.
• the first remarkable feature of the special electrolyzers of this invention are their efficiencies. For example, with the use of only 4 Kwh, an electrolyzer rapidly converts water into 55 standard cubic feet (scf) of HHO gas at 35 pounds per square inch (psi). By using the average daily cost of electricity at the rate of $0.08/Kwh, the above efficiency implies the direct cost of the HHO gas of $0.007/scf. It then follows that the HHO gas is cost competitive with respect to existing fuels.
• the HHO gas results to be odorless, colorless and lighter than air.
• a first basic feature in the production of the HHO gas is that there is no evaporation of water at all, and water is directly transmuted into the HHO gas. In any case, the electric energy available in the electrolyzer is basically insufficient for water evaporation. This feature alone establishes that the special electrolyzers of this invention produce a "new form of water" which is gaseous and combustible.
• the main objective of this invention is the first identification on record of the prod ⁇ ced unknown chemical composition of the HHO gas, its relationship with the special electrolyzers of this invention, and some initial applications.
• the second important feature of the HHO gas is that it exhibits a "widely varying energy content" in British Thermal Units (BTU), ranging from a relatively cold flame in open air, to large releases of thermal energy depending on its use.
• BTU British Thermal Units
• all known fuels have a "fixed energy content” namely, a value of BTU/scf that remains the same for all uses.
• the variable character of the energy content of the HHO gas is clear evidence that the gas has a magnecular characteristic in its structure, rather than a molecular structure, namely, that its chemical composition includes bonds beyond those of valence type.
• the third important feature of the HHO gas is that it does not require any oxygen for its combustion since it contains in its interior all oxygen needed for that scope. By recalling that other fuels require atmospheric oxygen for their combustion, thus causing a serious environmental problem known as "oxygen depletion,” the capability to have combustion without any oxygen depletion renders the HHO gas particularly important on environmental grounds.
• the fourth important feature of the HHO gas is its anomalous adhesion to gases, liquids and solids, as verified experimentally below, thus rendering its use particularly effective as an additive for the enhancement of desired qualities.
• the fifth important feature of the HHO gas is that it does not follow the fundamental PVT law of all conventional gases (namely, those with molecular structure), since the HHO gas begins to deviate from this law at around 150 psi, and it reacquires the water state at a sufficiently high pressures beginning with 250 psi. These aspects are further being investigated for possible development and commercial exploitation.
• the sixth important feature of the HHO gas is that it bonds to gaseous fuels (such as natural gas, magnegas fuel, and other fuels) and liquid fuels (such as diesel, gasoline, liquid petroleum, and other fuels) by significantly improving their thermal content as well as the environmental quality of their exhaust.
• the seventh and most important feature of the HHO gas is that it melts almost instantaneously tungsten, bricks, and other highly refractive substances.
• measurements have established the remarkable capability by the HHO gas of reaching almost instantaneously temperatures up to 9,000 degrees C, namely a temperature of the order of that in the Sun chromosphere under which all substances on Earth can be sublimated.
• This invention also involves an electrolyzer for the separation of water, which includes, in one embodiment an electrolysis chamber; an aqueous electrolytic solution comprising water and electrolyte, the aqueous electrolyte solution partially filling the electrolysis chamber such that a gas reservoir region is formed above the aqueous electrolyte solution; two principal electrodes comprising an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, the two principal electrodes being at least partially immersed in the aqueous electrolyte solution; one or more supplemental electrodes at least partially immersed in the aqueous electrolyte solution and interposed between the two principal electrodes wherein the two principal electrodes and the one or more supplemental electrodes are held in a fixed spatial relationship; wherein said electrolyzer produces a combustible gas composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms and their bonds into chemical species caused by electrons valence bonds and the bond due to attractive forces between opposing magnetic polarities originating in the toroidal polarization of the electron orbitals.
• an electrolyzer includes an electrolysis chamber which holds an electrolyte solution.
• the electrolysis chamber mates with a cover at a flange.
• a seal between the chamber and cover which is made from a neoprene gasket, which is placed between the flange and cover.
• the electrolyte solution may be an aqueous electrolyte solution to produce a mixture of the novel gases; however, to produce the novel inventive gases, distilled water preferably is used.
• the electrolyte partially fills the electrolysis chamber during operation to level such that gas reservoir region is formed above the electrolyte solution.
• the electrolyzer includes two principle electrodes - anode electrode and cathode electrode- which are at least partially immersed in the electrolyte solution. Anode electrode and cathode electrode slip into grooves in a rack.
• the rack is placed inside the chamber.
• One or more supplemental electrodes are also placed in the rack.
• the supplemental electrodes are at least partially immersed in the aqueous electrolyte solution and interposed between the anode electrode and cathode electrode.
• anode electrode, cathode electrode, and supplemental electrodes are held in a fixed spatial relationship by rack.
• anode electrode, cathode electrode, and supplemental electrodes are separated by a distance of about 0.25 inches.
• the one or more supplemental electrodes allow for enhanced and efficient generation of this gas mixture.
• the two principle electrodes are each individually a metallic wire mesh, a metallic plate, or a metallic plate having one or more holes. More preferably, the two principle electrodes are each individually a metallic plate.
• a suitable metal from which the two principal electrodes are formed includes but is not limited to, nickel, nickel containing alloys, and stainless steel. The preferred metal for the two electrodes is nickel.
• the one or more supplemental electrodes are preferably a metallic wire mesh, a metallic plate, or a metallic plate having one or more holes. More preferably, the one or more supplemental electrodes are each individually a metallic plate.
• a suitable metal from which the two principal electrodes are formed includes but is not limited to, nickel, nickel containing alloys, and stainless steel.
• the preferred metal for the two electrodes is nickel.
• a voltage is applied between the anode electrode and cathode electrode which causes the novel gas to be produced and which collects in a gas reservoir region.
• the gaseous mixture exits the gas reservoir region from through an exit port and ultimately is fed into the fuel system of an internal combustion engine.
• An electrical contact to anode electrode is made through a contactor and electrical contact to cathode electrode is made by another contactor.
• the contactors are preferably made from metal and are slotted with channels such that the contactors fit over the anode electrode and cathode electrode.
• the contactors are attached to rods, which slip through holes in the cover. Preferable the holes are threaded and the rods are threaded rods so that rods screw into the holes.
• the contactors also hold the rack in place since the anode electrode and cathode electrode are held in place by channels and by grooves in the rack. Accordingly, when the cover is bolted to the chamber, the rack is held at the bottom of the chamber.
• the electrolyzer optionally includes a pressure relief valve and a level sensor.
• the pressure relief valve allows the gaseous mixture in the gas reservoir to be vented before a dangerous pressure buildup can be formed.
• the level sensor ensures that an alert is sounded and the flow of gas to the vehicle fuel system is stopped when the electrolyte solution gets too low.
• the electrolyzer may also include a pressure gauge so that the pressure in the reservoir may be monitored.
• the electrolyzer optionally includes one or more fins which remove heat from the electrolyzer.
• a first group of the one or more supplemental electrodes is connected to the anode electrode with a first metallic conductor and a second group of the one or more supplemental electrodes is connected to the cathode electrode with a second metallic conductor.
• the anode electrode, cathode electrode, and supplemental electrodes are held to the rack by a holder rod, which slips through channels in the rack and the holes in the electrodes.
• the rack is preferably fabricated from a high dielectric plastic such as PVC, polyethylene or polypropylene. Furthermore, the rack holds the anode electrode, cathode electrode, and supplemental electrodes in a fixed spatial relationship.
• the fixed spatial relationship of the two principal electrodes and the one or more supplemental electrodes is such that the electrodes (two principal and one or more supplemental) are essentially parallel and each electrode is separated from an adjacent electrode by a distance from about 0.15 to about 0.35 inches. More preferably, each electrode is separated from an adjacent electrode by a distance from about 0.2 to about 0.3 inches, and most preferably about 0.25 inches.
• the fixed spatial relationship is accomplished by a rack that holds the two principal electrodes and the one or more supplemental electrodes in the fixed spatial relationship.
• the novel combustible gas is formed by the electrolysis of the electrolyte solution in the electrolyzer.
• the electrolyzer is connected to a collection tank by a pressure line.
• the gases are collected and temporarily stored in the collection tank.
• the collection tank optionally includes a pressure relief valve to guard against any dangerous pressure build up.
• the collection tank is connected to a solenoid by a pressure line.
• the solenoid is in turn connected by a pressure line to an engine intake manifold.
• a flash arrestor is incorporated in the pressure line to prevent a flame from propagating in a tube.
• a pressure line also includes an orifice to regulate the flow of the gaseous mixture into the intake manifold. The size of this orifice will depend on the size of the engine. For example, an orifice diameter of about 0.04 is suitable for a 1 liter engine, about 0.06 inches is suitable for a 2.5 liter engine, and about 0.075 inches is suitable for a V8 engine.
• the applied voltage to the electrolyzer is provided through the solenoid by an electrolyzer battery.
• solenoid When the pressure in the collection tank drops below about 25 psi, solenoid switches and a voltage of about 12 V is applied between the anode electrode and cathode electrode.
• a battery isolator allows for charging of a vehicle battery and electrolyzer battery by an alternator while keeping the electrolyzer battery and vehicle battery electrically isolated.
• the solenoid is powered by the vehicle battery when the main switch is activated.
• a gas mixer solenoid is also powered by the vehicle battery and opens when the gas mixture is provided to the intake manifold. The solenoid also receives a feedback from the level sensor which causes the solenoid to shut off the gas flow if the electrolyte solution level in the electrolyzer gets too low.
• the operation of the vehicle's oxygen sensor needs to be adjusted to take into account the additional oxygen that is added to the fuel system from the electrolyzer. Normally, if the oxygen sensor senses more oxygen, the vehicle's computer would determine that the engine is running lean and open up the fuel injectors to a richer fuel mixture. This is undesirable and would cause poor fuel economy.
• a method for increasing the fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine is provided. The method of this embodiment utilizes the electrolyzer described above in conjunction with an internal combustion engine.
• the method comprises providing an electrolyzer equipment described above or as further described below in other novel embodiments; applying an electrical potential between the electrodes wherein the novel combustible gas described herein is generated and collected in the gas reservoir region and wherein the electrolyzer is adapted to deliver the combustible gas to the fuel system of an internal combustion engine; and combining the combustible gas produced with fuel in the fuel system of an internal combustion engine.
• the step of adjusting the operation of an oxygen sensor as set forth above is also provided.
• an electrolyzer or gas generator is incorporated into a welding/cutting torch system or another type of equipment/engine system. This system comprises an electrolyte reservoir, having a top and a bottom, containing electrolytic fluid therein.
• the fluid herein is preferably water.
• the electrolyte reservoir comprises a broken or permeable plate, which is sealably and circumferentially positioned around a top end of the electrolyte reservoir. Plate functions to release gas pressure within the electrolyte reservoir when exceeding a pre-determined safety level.
• the self-producing hydrogen and oxygen gas generating system further comprises a pump, preferably an electromagnetic pump, which is connected at one distal end to the bottom of the electrolyte reservoir. Pump is connected at an opposite distal end to at least one hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzer/generator containing an electrical conductor therein.
• the electrical conductor is electrically connected on one distal end to an electrical ground.
• the opposite distal end of the electrical conductor is electrically connected to one distal end of a pressure controller.
• the opposite distal end of the electrical conductor is electrically connected to a power source.
• Pump functions to circulate electrolytic fluid from the electrolyte reservoir through at least one hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzer/generator through a radiator back into the electrolyte reservoir via a gas pipe.
• the radiator functions to cool the generated hydrogen and oxygen gas before returning to the electrolyte reservoir.
• the pressure controller is connected to the electrolyte reservoir and monitors the pressure therein. When gas pressure within the electrolyte reservoir exceeds a pre-determined level, electrical current is terminated to the electrical conductor contained within the hydrogen and oxygen generator thereby ceasing production of hydrogen and oxygen gas.
• This self-producing on-demand hydrogen and oxygen generating system further comprises a non-return valve connected at one end to an upper end of the electrolyte reservoir below plate.
• the non-return valve is further connected to a dryer/filter means or tank at an opposite distal end.
• System further comprises another filter/dryer means or tank in fluid communication with one end of the electrolyte reservoir above plate and further connected at an opposite distal end to another non-return valve via gas line, which is connected at an opposite end to another filter/dryer means or tank.
• System further comprises a decompression valve in fluid communication at one end to the top end of the electrolyte reservoir and further being in fluid communication with the gas pipe, which in turn is connected to radiator.
• the welding system further comprises a microprocessor controlled D.C. amperage regulator adapted to regulate the D.C. amperage from the power source to the hydrogen and oxygen generator.
• a first microprocessor controlled cut-off switch is adapted to terminate the power source to the welder in response to a malfunction of the pump.
• a second microprocessor controlled cut-off switch is adapted to terminate the power source to the welder in response to an insufficient electrolyte solution condition within the electrolyte reservoir.
• a microprocessor controlled liquid crystal display is adapted to display operating statistics regarding the welding system, such statistics to include hours of operation, amperage, indicator lights and pressure gauge readings. The liquid crystal display receives input from a plurality of locations within the system.
• a microprocessor controlled polarity change system is adapted to change the polarity of the electrical conductor located within the hydrogen and oxygen generator.
• a microprocessor controlled cool-down system is adapted to operate a generator fan and the pump wherein operation of the fan and the pump continue throughout a cool-down stage following manual shut-off of the welder.
• the produced gas or HHO gas is routed from the dryer means to the final gas reservoir tank. Dryer means and are only exemplary. It is understood that a single unit may be designed to effectively accomplish the same objective.
• the gas is then supplied on-demand to the engine or in this case, the welding equipment, through gas line and hydrogen flash suppressor check valve (non-return valve) and control valve.
• a flame from said produced gas or species of hydrogen and oxygen, from said electrolyzer can instantly melt solids without the use of atmospheric oxygen.
• the produced gas can also be used as a fuel without the use of atmospheric oxygen, and can bond to other substances via magnetic induction.
• a bond is created between a fossil fuel and a combustible gas composed by a combination of hydrogen and oxygen atoms with toroidal polarization of their orbitals.
• the bond originates from the induced magnetic polarization of at least some of the orbitals of said fuel and the consequential attraction between opposing magnetic polarities.
• the combustion exhaust of the resulting fuel is cleaner than that of said fossil fuels. Further, the resulting fuel has contained more thermal energy than that of said fossil fuels.
• Figure la depicts a conventional hydrogen atom with its distribution of electron orbitals in all space directions, thus forming a sphere;
• Figure lb depicts the same hydrogen atom wherein its electron is polarized to orbit within a toroid resulting in the creation of a magnetic field along the symmetry axis of said toroid;
• Figure 2a depicts a conventional hydrogen molecule with some of the rotations caused by temperature;
• Figure 2b depicts the same conventional molecule in which the orbitals are polarized into toroids, thus causing two magnetic field in opposite directions since the hydrogen molecule is diamagnetic;
• Figure 3 a depict the conventional water molecules H-O-H in which the dimers H-O and O-H form an angle of 105 degrees, and in which the orbitals of the two H atoms are polarized in toroids perpendicular to the H-O-H plane;
• Figure 3b depicts the central species of this invention consisting of the water molecule in which one valence bond has been broken,
• HHO gas is a schematic representation of a mixed gas electrolyzer applied to a welder system.
• HHO gas originates from distilled water using a special electrolytic process described hereinafter, it is generally believed that such a gas is composed of 2/3 (or 66.66% in volume) hydrogen H2 and 1/2 (or 33.33% in volume) oxygen 02.
• a fundamental point of this invention is the evidence that such a conventional mixture of H2 and 02 gases absolutely cannot represent the above features of the HHO gas, thus establishing the novel existence in the produced inventive HHO gas.
• HHO contains not only "atomic hydrogen” (that is, individual H atoms without valence bond to other atoms as in Figure la), but also "magnetically polarized atomic hydrogen", that is, hydrogen atoms whose electrons are polarized to rotate in a toroid, rather than in all space directions, as per Figure lb. It should be indicated that the Brown gas does assumes the existence of "atomic hydrogen”. However, calculations have established that such a feature is grossly insufficient to explain all the feature of the HHO gas, as it will be evidence in the following.
• polarized hydrogen atoms as in Figure lb and polarized hydrogen molecules as in Figure 2b are sufficiently thin to have a rapid penetration within deeper layers of substances.
• the magnetic field created by the rotation of electrons within toroids is such so as to polarize the orbitals of substances when in close proximity, due to magnetic induction.
• the polarized orbitals of tungsten and bricks are essentially at rest. Therefore, magnetic induction causes a natural process of rapid self-propulsion of polarized hydrogen atoms and molecules deep within substances.
• the special electrolyzer of this invention is such to permit the transformation of the water molecule from the conventional H- O-H configuration of Figure 3a to the basically novel configuration of Figure 3b, which latter configuration is, again, permitted by the fact that, in the absence of electric polarization, the attraction between opposite magnetic polarities of the toroidal distributions of the orbitals is much stronger than the Coulomb repulsion due to charges.
• H-O-H Figure 3 a
• HxH-O Figure 3b
• the H-O-H can be correctly called a "molecule" because all bonds are of valence type, while the liquid state of water is composed of “magnecules” because some of the bonds are of magnecular type.
• a central feature of this invention is that the transition from the H- O-H configuration to the new HxH-O one is essentially caused by the two H atoms establishing an "internal hydrogen bridge,” rather than the usual "external bridge with other H atoms.
• the first fundamental point is the precise identification of the "physical origin of the attractive force" as well as its "numerical value,” without which science is reduced to a mere political nomenclature.
• a first most important experimental verification of this invention is that the removal of the electric polarization of the water molecule, with consequential transition from the H-O- H to the new HxH-O configuration, can indeed be achieved via the minimal energy available in the electrolyzer and absolutely without the large amount of energy needed for water evaporation. It is evident that the conventional H-O-H species is stable, while the new configuration HxH-O is unstable, e.g., because of collision due to temperature, thus experiencing its initial separation into the oxygen O and HxH.
• the latter constitutes a new chemical "species", hereinafter referred to detectable “clusters” constituting the HHO gas, whose bond, as indicated earlier, originates from the attractive force between opposing magnetic polarities in the configuration when the toroidal orbitals are superimposed as depicted in Figure 4b, rather than being of the conventional molecular type depicted in Figure 4a.
• the new chemical species HxH is another central novelty of this invention inasmuch as it contains precisely the polarized atomic hydrogen needed to explain physical and chemical evidence recalled earlier, the remarkable aspect being that these polarizations are set by nature in the water molecule, and mainly brought to a useful form by the inventive electrolyzer.
• the hydrogen content of the HHO gas is predicted to be given by a mixture of HxH and H-H that, under certain conditions, can be 50%-50%.
• the H-H molecule has a weight of 2 atomic mass units (amu).
• the bond in HxH is much weaker than the valence bond of H-H. Therefore, the species HxH is predicted to be heavier than the conventional one H-H (because the binding energy is negative).
• such a difference is of the order of a small fraction of one amu, thus being beyond the detecting abilities of currently available analytic instruments solely based on mass detection.
• the situation for the oxygen atom following its separation in the H-O-H molecule is essentially similar to that of hydrogen.
• the orbitals of its two valence electrons are not distributed in all directions in space, but have a polarization into toroids parallel to the corresponding polarizations of the H atoms. It is then natural to see that, as soon as one H-valence bond is broken, and the two H atoms collapse one against the other in the HxH-O species, the orbitals of the two valance electrons of the O atom are correspondingly aligned.
• the oxygen has a distinct polarization of its valence orbitals along parallel toroids.
• the oxygen is paramagnetic, thus quite responsive to a toroidal polarization of the valence electrons as customary under magnetic induction when exposed to a magnetic field. It then follows that the oxygen contained in the HHO gas is initially composed of the new magnecular species OxO, that also has a 50% probability of converting into the conventional molecular species O-O, resulting in a mixture of OxO and O-O according to proportions that can be, under certain conditions, 50%-50%.
• the O-O species has the mass of 32 amu.
• the new species OxO has a mass bigger than 32 amu due to the decrease in absolute value of the binding energy (that is negative) and the consequential increase of the mass.
• the mass increase is of a fraction of one amu, thus not being detectable with currently available mass spectrometers. It is easy to see that the HHO gas cannot be solely composed of the above identified mixture of HxH/H-H and OxO/O-O gases and numerous additional species are possible. This is due to the fact that, valence bonds ends when all valence electrons are used, in which case no additional atom can be added.
• the novelty of this invention is the identification of the fact that this species is a magnecule HxH-H and not the molecule H-H-H, since the latter is impossible.
• H-H magnecule
• H-O-H water molecule
• H-O-H water molecule
• the distinction between this species and the conventional water molecule H-O-H at the vapor state can be easily established via infrared and other detectors.
• the next species expected in the HHO gas has the mass of 19 amu and it is given by traces the magnecule HxH-O-H or HxH-O-H.
• a more probable species has the mass of 20 amu with structure HxH-O-HxH.
• heavier species are given by magnecular combination of the primary species present in the HHO gas, namely, HxH and OxO. We therefore have a large probability for the presence of the species HxH-OxO with 34 amu and HxH-OxO-H with 35 amu.
• the HHO gas is constituted by: i) two primary species, one with 2 amu (representing a mixture of HxH and H-H) in large percentage yet less than 66% in volume, and a second one with 32 amu (representing a mixture of OxO and O-O) in large percentage yet less than 33% in volume; ii) new species in smaller yet macroscopic percentages estimated to be in the range of 8%-9% in volume comprising: 1 amu representing isolated atomic hydrogen; 16 amu representing isolated atomic oxygen; 18 amu representing H-O-H and HxH-O; 33 amu representing a mixture of HxOxO and HxO-O; 36 amu representing a mixture of HxH-O- OxHxH and similar configurations; and 37 amu representing a mixture of HxH-O-OxHxH and equivalent configurations; plus iii) traces of new
• Adsorption Research Laboratory also conducted gas chromato graphic scans of the HHO gas reproduced in Figure 6 confirming most of the predicted constituents of this invention.
• the scans of Figure 6 confirm the presence in the HHO gas of the following species here presented in order of their decreasing percentages: 1) A first major species with 2 amu representing hydrogen in the above indicated indistinguishable combination of magnecular HxH and molecular H-H versions; 2) A second major species with 32 amu representing the above indicated combination of the magnecular species OxO and the molecular one O-O; 3) A large peak at 18 amu that is established by other measurements below not to be water, thus leaving as the only rational explanation the new form of water HxH-O at the foundation of this invention; 4) A significant peak with 33 amu that is a direct experimental confirmation of the new species in the HHO gas given by HxH-OxH; 5) A smaller yet clearly identified peak at 16 amu representing atomic oxygen; 6) Other small yet fully identified peaks at 17 amu, confirming the presence of the mixture
• the enclosed IR scan of HHO first establish that the HHO gas has an asymmetric structure, that is a rather remarkable feature since the same feature is absence for the presumed mixture if H2 and 02 gases.
• H2 and 02 gases can have at most two resonating frequencies each, under infrared spectroscopy, one for the vibrations and the other for rotations.
• Spherical distributions of orbitals and other features imply that H2 has essentially only one dominant IR signature as confirmed by the scan of Figure 7, while 02 has one vibrational IR frequency and three rotational ones, as also confirmed by the scans of Figure 8.
• the inspection of the IR scans for the HHO gas in Figure 9 reveals additional novelties of this invention.
• the HHO scan reveals the presence of at least nine different IR frequencies grouped around wavenumber 3000 plus a separate distinct one at around wavenumber 1500.
• These measurements provide the very important experimental confirmation that the species with 18 amu detected in the IR scans of Figure 6 is not given by water, thus leaving as the only possibility a direct experimental verification of the fundamental novel species HxH- O of this invention.
• the water vapor with molecules H-O-H has IR frequencies with wavelengths 3756, 3657, 1595, their combination and their harmonics (here ignored for simplicity).
• the scan for the HHO gas in Figure 7 confirms the presence of an IR signature near 1595, thus confirming the molecular bond H-O in the magnecular structure HxH-O, but the scan shows no presence of the additional very strong signatures of the water molecules at 3756 and 3657, thus establishing the fact that the peak at 18 amu is not water as conventionally understood in chemistry.
• the laboratory of the PdMA Corporation in Tampa, Florida conducted measurements on the flash point, first on commercially available diesel fuel, measuring a flash point of 75 degrees C, and then of the same fuel following the bubbling in its interior of the HHO gas, measuring the flash point of 79 degrees C.
• the used column was a HP 5MS 30 x 0.25 mm; the carrier flow was provided by Helium at 50 degrees C and 5 psi; the initial temperature of the injection was 50 degrees C with a temperature increase of 15 degrees C per minute and the final temperature of 275 degrees C.
• the chromatogram of Figure 10 confirmed the typical pattern, elusion time and other feature of commercially available diesel. However, the chromato graph of the same diesel with the HHO gas bubbled in its interior of Figure 11 shows large structural differences with the preceding scan, including a much stronger response, a bigger elusion time and, above all, a shift of the peaks toward bigger amu values.
• the latter measurements provide additional confirmation of the existence of a bond between the diesel and the HHO gas, precisely as predicted by the anomalous value of the flash point.
• a bond between a gas and a liquid cannot possibly be of valence type, but can indeed be of magnetic type via induced magnetic polarization of the diesel molecules and consequential bond with the HHO magnecules.
• the experimental measurements of the flash point and of the scans of Figures 10 and 11 establish beyond doubt the existence in the HHO gas of a magnetic polarization that is the ultimate foundation of this invention.
• the blank following the removal of the HHO gas is anomalous because it shows the preservation of the peaks of the preceding scans, an occurrence solely explained by the magnetic polarization of species and their consequential adhesion to the interior of the instrument via magnetic induction.
• the equipment used in the scans of Figures 12, 13, 14 cannot be used for the identification of atomic masses and, therefore, the above anomalous peaks remain unidentified in this test. Nevertheless, it is well know that species with bigger mass elude at a later time. Therefore, the very presence of species eluding after the H 2 and the O detection is an additional direct experimental confirmation of the presence in the HHO gas of species heavier than H and O 2 , thus providing additional experimental confirmation of the very foundation of this invention.
• the species with 4 amu representing H-HxH-H could not be detected because helium was the carrier gas and the peak at 4 amu had been subtracted in the scan of Figure 16. Note however the presence of a clean species with 5 amu that can only be interpreted as H- HxH-HxH.
• the scan of Figure 17 provides clear evidence of a species with mass 16 amu that confirms the presence in HHO of isolated atomic oxygen, thus providing an indirect confirmation of the additional presence of isolated hydrogen atoms due to the impossibility of their detection in the instrument.
• the same scan of Figure 17 confirms the presence in HHO of the species H-O with 17 amu and the species with 18 amu consisting of H-O-H and HxH- O, whose separation is not possible in the instrument here considered.
• electrolyzer refers to an apparatus that produces chemical changes by passage of an electric current through an electrolyte.
• the electric current is typically passed through the electrolyte by applying a voltage between a cathode and anode immersed in the electrolyte.
• electrolyzer is equivalent to electrolytic cell.
• cathode refers to the negative terminal or electrode of an electrolytic cell or electrolyzer. Reduction typically occurs at the cathode.
• anode as used herein refers to the positive terminal or electrode of an electrolytic cell or electrolyzer.
• electrolytes refers to a substance that when dissolved in a suitable solvent or when fused becomes an ionic conductor. Electrolytes are used in the electrolyzer to conduct electricity between the anode and cathode.
• internal combustion engine refers to any engine in which a fuel-air mixture is burned within the engine itself so that the hot gaseous products of combustion act directly on the surfaces of engine's moving parts. Such moving parts include, but are not limited to, pistons or turbine rotor blades.
• Internal- combustion engines include gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbine engines, jet engines, and rocket engines. With reference to Figure 19, an exploded view of an electrolyzer is provided.
• Electrolyzer 2 includes electrolysis chamber 4 which holds an electrolyte solution. Electrolysis chamber 4 mates with cover 6 at flange 8. Preferably, a seal between chamber 4 and cover 6 is made by neoprene gasket 10 which is placed between flange 8 and cover 6.
• the electrolyte solution may be an aqueous electrolyte solution of water and an electrolyte to produce a mixture of the novel gases; however, to produce the novel inventive gases, distilled water preferably is used.
• the electrolyte partially fills electrolysis chamber 4 during operation to level 10 such that gas reservoir region 12 is formed above the electrolyte solution.
• Electrolyzer 2 includes two principle electrodes - anode electrode 14 and cathode electrode 16 - which are at least partially immersed in the electrolyte solution.
• Anode electrode 14 and cathode electrode 16 slip into grooves 18 in rack 20.
• Rack 20 is placed inside chamber 4.
• One or more supplemental electrodes 24, 26, 28, 30 are also placed in rack 16 (not all the possible supplemental electrodes are illustrated in Figure 19.)
• supplemental electrodes 24, 26, 28, 30 are at least partially immersed in the aqueous electrolyte solution and interposed between the anode electrodel4 and cathode electrode 16.
• anode electrodel4, cathode electrode 16, and supplemental electrodes 24, 26, 28, 30 are held in a fixed spatial relationship by rack 20.
• anode electrodel4, cathode electrode 16, and supplemental electrodes 24, 26, 28, 30 are separated by a distance of about 0.25 inches.
• the one or more supplemental electrodes allow for enhanced and efficient generation of this gas mixture.
• the two principle electrodes are each individually a metallic wire mesh, a metallic plate, or a metallic plate having one or more holes. More preferably, the two principle electrodes are each individually a metallic plate.
• a suitable metal from which the two principal electrodes are formed includes but is not limited to, nickel, nickel containing alloys, and stainless steel.
• the preferred metal for the two electrodes is nickel.
• the one or more supplemental electrodes are preferably a metallic wire mesh, a metallic plate, or a metallic plate having one or more holes. More preferably, the one or more supplemental electrodes are each individually a metallic plate.
• a suitable metal from which the two principal electrodes are formed includes but is not limited to, nickel, nickel containing alloys, and stainless steel.
• the preferred metal for the two electrodes is nickel. Still referring to Figure 19, during operation of electrolyzer 2 a voltage is applied between anode electrode 14 and cathode electrode 16 which causes the novel gas to be produced and which collects in gas reservoir region 12.
• Electrical contact to anode electrode 14 is made through contactor 32 and electrical contact to cathode electrode 16 is made by contactor 33.
• Contactors 32 and 33 are preferably made from metal and are slotted with channels 34, 35 such that contactors 32, 33 fit over anode electrode 14 and cathode electrode 16.
• Contactor 32 is attached to rod 37 which slips through hole 36 in cover 6.
• contactor 33 is attached to rod 38 which slips through hole 40 in cover 6.
• Preferable holes 36, 40 are threaded and rods 37, 38 are threads rods so that rods 37, 38 screw into holes 36, 40.
• Electrolyzer 2 optionally includes pressure relief valve 42 and level sensor 44.
• Pressure relief 42 valve allows the gaseous mixture in the gas reservoir to be vented before a dangerous pressure buildup can be formed.
• Level sensor 44 ensures that an alert is sounded and the flow of gas to the vehicle fuel system is stopped when the electrolyte solution gets too low. At such time when the electrolyte solution is low, addition electrolyte solution is added through water fill port 46.
• Electrolyzer 2 may also include pressure gauge 48 so that the pressure in reservoir 4 may be monitored.
• electrolyzer 2 optionally includes one or more fins 50, which remove heat from electrolyzer 2.
• a first group of the one or more supplemental electrodes 52, 54, 56, 58 is connected to anode electrode 14 with a first metallic conductor 60 and a second group of the one or more supplemental electrodes 62, 64, 66, 68 is connected to cathode electrode 16 with second metallic conductor 70.
• a perspective view showing the electrode plate securing mechanism is provided.
• Rack 20 is preferably fabricated from a high dielectric plastic such as PVC, polyethylene or polypropylene. Furthermore, rack 20 holds anode electrode 14, cathode electrode 16, and supplemental electrodes 24, 26, 28, 30 in a fixed spatial relationship. Preferably, the fixed spatial relationship of the two principal electrodes and the one or more supplemental electrodes is such that the electrodes (two principal and one or more supplemental) are essentially parallel and each electrode is separated from an adjacent electrode by a distance from about 0.15 to about 0.35 inches.
• each electrode is separated from an adjacent electrode by a distance from about 0.2 to about 0.3 inches, and most preferably about 0.25 inches.
• the fixed spatial relationship is accomplished by a rack that holds the two principal electrodes and the one or more supplemental electrodes in the fixed spatial relationship.
• the electrodes sit in grooves in the rack which define the separations between each electrode.
• the electrodes are removable from the rack so that the electrodes or the rack may be changed if necessary.
• the supplemental electrodes are also held in place because they are secured to rack 20 by holder rod 72.
• Electrolyzer 2 is connected to collection tank 80 by pressure line 82. The gases are collected and temporarily stored in collection tank 80. Collection tank 80 optionally includes pressure relief valve 84 to guard against any dangerous pressure build up. Collection tank 80 is connected to solenoid 86 by pressure line 88. Solenoid 86 is in turn connected by pressure line 90 to engine intake manifold 92 of engine 94. Optionally, flash arrestor 96 is incorporated in pressure line 90 to prevent a flame from propagating in tube 88.
• pressure line 90 also includes orifice 97 to regulate the flow of the gaseous mixture into intake manifold 92.
• the size of this orifice will depend on the size of the engine. For example, an orifice diameter of about 0.04 is suitable for a lliter engine, about 0.06 inches is suitable for a 2.5 liter engine, and about 0.075 inches is suitable for a V8 engine.
• the applied voltage to electrolyzer 2 is provided through solenoid 98 by electrolyzer battery 100.
• solenoid 98 switches and a voltage of about 12 V is applied between the anode electrode and cathode electrode of electrolyzer 2
• Battery isolator 102 allows for charging of vehicle battery 104 and electrolyzer battery 100 by alternator 106 while keeping electrolyzer battery 100 and vehicle battery 104 electrically isolated.
• solenoid 98 is powered by vehicle battery 104 when main switch 108 is activated.
• Gas mixer solenoid 86 is also powered by vehicle battery 104 and opens when the gas mixture is provided to intake manifold 92. Solenoid 86 also receives feedback from level sensor 44 which causes solenoid 86 to shut off gas flow if the electrolyte solution level in electrolyzer 2 gets too low.
• RC circuit 116 includes resistor 118 and capacitor 120.
• resistor 118 is about 1 megaohm and capacitor 120 is about 1 microfarad.
• Electrical line 110 is the check engine light signal and electrical line 112 carries the control signal that is related to the amount of oxygen in a vehicle exhaust.
• Resistor 118 which is in series in electrical line 110, ensures that the vehicle control system interprets the oxygen sensor as operating correctly.
• capacitor 120 provides the vehicle's computer with a signal such that the vehicles fuel injectors do not incorrectly open when the gas from electrolyzer 100 is being supplied to the fuel system.
• main switch 108 switches RC circuit in when gas is being supplied (i.e., the electrolyzer is being used) and out when gas is not being supplied.
• a method for increasing the fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine is provided. The method of this embodiment utilizes the electrolyzer described above in conjunction with an internal combustion engine.
• the method comprises providing an electrolyzer equipment described above or as further described below in other novel embodiments; applying an electrical potential between the electrodes wherein the novel combustible gas described herein is generated and collected in the gas reservoir region and wherein the electrolyzer is adapted to deliver the combustible gas to the fuel system of an internal combustion engine; and combining the combustible gas produced with fuel in the fuel system of an internal combustion engine.
• the step of adjusting the operation of an oxygen sensor as set forth above is also provided.
• Fig. 24 is a flow diagram of another embodiment 300 of a gas (hydrogen and oxygen) electrolyzer generator system depicted in the figure as being used integrally with a welder/cutting torch type of equipment.
• This system 300 can also be used in other types of equipment where heat/combustion is desired.
• This system 300 comprises an electrolyte reservoir 318, having a top and a bottom, containing electrolytic fluid 319 therein.
• the fluid herein is preferably water.
• the electrolyte reservoir 318 comprises a broken or permeable plate 320 which is sealably and circumferentially positioned around a top end of the electrolyte reservoir 318. Plate 320 functions to release gas pressure within the electrolyte reservoir 318 when exceeding a pre-determined safety level.
• the self-producing hydrogen and oxygen gas generating system 300 further comprises a pump 316, preferably an electromagnetic pump, which is connected at one distal end to the bottom of the electrolyte reservoir 318.
• Pump 316 is connected at an opposite distal end to at least one hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzer/generator 312 containing an electrical conductor 352 therein.
• the electrical conductor 352 is electrically connected on one distal end to an electrical ground.
• the opposite distal end of the electrical conductor 352 is electrically connected to one distal end of a pressure controller 328.
• the opposite distal end of the electrical conductor 352 is electrically connected to a power source.
• Pump 316 functions to circulate electrolytic fluid 319 from the electrolyte reservoir 318 through at least one hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzer/generator 312 through a radiator 314 back into the electrolyte reservoir 318 via a gas pipe 350.
• the radiator 314 functions to cool the generated hydrogen and oxygen gas before returning to the electrolyte reservoir 318.
• the pressure controller 328 is connected to the electrolyte reservoir 318 and monitors the pressure therein. When gas pressure within the electrolyte reservoir 318 exceeds a pre-determined level, electrical current is terminated to the electrical conductor 352 contained within the hydrogen and oxygen generator 312 thereby ceasing production of hydrogen and oxygen gas. When gas pressure within the electrolyte reservoir 318 drops below a pre-determined level, electrical current is connected to the electrical conductor 352 contained within the hydrogen and oxygen generator 312 thereby commencing production of hydrogen and oxygen gas.
• the preselected level is less than the preselected level required to cause a pressure release through plate 320.
• This self-producing on-demand hydrogen and oxygen generating system 300 further comprises a non-return valve 322 connected at one end to an upper end of the electrolyte reservoir 318 below plate 320.
• the non-return valve 322 is further connected to a dryer/filter means or tank 332 at an opposite distal end.
• System 300 further comprises another filter/dryer means or tank 330 in fluid communication with one end of the electrolyte reservoir 318 above plate 320 and further connected at an opposite distal end to another non-return valve 344 via gas line 342, which is connected at an opposite end to another filter/dryer means or tank 332.
• System 300 further comprises a decompression valve 326 in fluid communication at one end to the top end of the electrolyte reservoir 318 and further being in fluid communication with the gas pipe 350, which in turn is connected to radiator 314.
• the welding system 300 further comprises a microprocessor controlled D.C. amperage regulator 305 adapted to regulate the D.C. amperage from the power source to the hydrogen and oxygen generator 312.
• a first microprocessor controlled cut-off switch 306 is adapted to terminate the power source to the welder in response to a malfunction of the pump 316.
• a second microprocessor controlled cut-off switch 307 is adapted to terminate the power source to the welder in response to an insufficient electrolyte solution condition within the electrolyte reservoir 318.
• a microprocessor controlled liquid crystal display 308 is adapted to display operating statistics regarding the welding system 300, such statistics to include hours of operation, amperage, indicator lights and pressure gauge readings.
• the liquid crystal display receives input from a plurality of locations within the system 300.
• a microprocessor controlled polarity change system 309 is adapted to change the polarity of the electrical conductor located within the hydrogen and oxygen generator 312.
• a microprocessor controlled cool-down system 313 is adapted to operate a generator fan 311 and the pump 316 wherein operation of the fan and the pump continue throughout a cool-down stage following manual shut-off of the welder 300.
• the produced gas or HHO gas is routed from the dryer means 332 to the final gas reservoir tank 336. Dryer means 330 and 332 are only exemplary.

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