EP1711254A1 - Reacteur pourvu d'une zone d'echange de chaleur possedant un insert - Google Patents

Reacteur pourvu d'une zone d'echange de chaleur possedant un insert

Info

Publication number
EP1711254A1
EP1711254A1 EP05707190A EP05707190A EP1711254A1 EP 1711254 A1 EP1711254 A1 EP 1711254A1 EP 05707190 A EP05707190 A EP 05707190A EP 05707190 A EP05707190 A EP 05707190A EP 1711254 A1 EP1711254 A1 EP 1711254A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
insert
elements
housing
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05707190A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Torsten Balduf
Dennis Thong Yu-Chiang
Jörg LEISTNER
Stefan Nordhoff
Michael Bernd Fricke
Oliver Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Mosler Juergen
Stockhausen GmbH
Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mosler Juergen, Stockhausen GmbH, Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen GmbH filed Critical Mosler Juergen
Publication of EP1711254A1 publication Critical patent/EP1711254A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
    • B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
    • B01J19/0026—Avoiding carbon deposits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/405—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element and being formed of wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/0015—Plates; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00522—Controlling the temperature using inert heat absorbing solids outside the bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00823—Mixing elements
    • B01J2208/00831—Stationary elements
    • B01J2208/00849—Stationary elements outside the bed, e.g. baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
    • B01J2219/00247—Fouling of the reactor or the process equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
    • B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
    • B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
    • B01J2219/2453—Plates arranged in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
    • B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
    • B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
    • B01J2219/2456—Geometry of the plates
    • B01J2219/2459—Corrugated plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
    • B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
    • B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
    • B01J2219/2456—Geometry of the plates
    • B01J2219/246—Perforated plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
    • B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
    • B01J2219/2461—Heat exchange aspects
    • B01J2219/2462—Heat exchange aspects the reactants being in indirect heat exchange with a non reacting heat exchange medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
    • B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
    • B01J2219/2476—Construction materials
    • B01J2219/2477—Construction materials of the catalysts
    • B01J2219/2481—Catalysts in granular from between plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/30257—Wire
    • B01J2219/30261—Wire twisted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/30257—Wire
    • B01J2219/30265—Spiral
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30408—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30416—Ceramic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30466—Plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30475—Composition or microstructure of the elements comprising catalytically active material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reactor, a method for oxidizing a hydrocarbon using the reactor, an oxidized hydrocarbon product obtainable from this method, chemical products such as fibers, films, moldings and the like based on this oxidized hydrocarbon product and the use of this oxidized hydrocarbon -Product in such chemical products.
  • the acrolein obtained from this reaction area is then oxidized to acrylic acid in a further reaction area in the presence of oxygen.
  • the acrolein obtained in the first reaction area burns spontaneously or that the acrolein will react further to water and carbon. Soot deposits can interfere with the operation of the reactor in both undesirable reactions.
  • Desublimation of high-boiling by-products such as maleic anhydride (MSA), phthalic anhydride (PHTA) can also lead to the formation of deposits.
  • MSA maleic anhydride
  • PHTA phthalic anhydride
  • the gas mixture containing acrolein emerging from the first reaction area is cooled in a coolable heat exchanger area. To the unwanted further reactions.
  • the cooling to less than 280 ° C must take place as quickly as possible. It is furthermore possible for the last reaction region of the two-stage or multi-stage reactions to be followed by a coolable heat exchanger region, which is followed by a quench device, just like after the reaction region of the single-stage reaction.
  • the invention is based on the object of alleviating or even overcoming the disadvantages arising from the prior art.
  • an object of the invention is to reduce the charring of heat exchanger areas or filler materials provided in these heat exchanger areas.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the downtime of reactors.
  • an object according to the invention lies in a reduced one. Carbonization tendency of heat exchanger areas or the filling materials used therein to achieve the highest possible heat dissipation of these heat exchanger areas.
  • an object of the invention is to reduce the formation of undesirable by-products and subsequent reactions in gas phase reactions in order to increase the yield.
  • Another object of the invention is to facilitate the cleaning process of the heat exchanger area or of the filling materials located in the heat exchanger area.
  • an object of the invention is to achieve good heat transfer with low carbonization with a small amount of material.
  • the invention thus relates to a reactor connected to one another in a fluid-conducting manner, at least comprising:
  • reaction area having at least one solid catalyst; a coolable heat exchanger area, the heat exchanger area having at least one housing, the housing at least partially receiving an insert, the insert having a plurality of elements.
  • Suitable reactors according to the invention are all reactors known to the person skilled in the art which are used in the gas phase reaction, in particular in the heterogeneous gas phase reaction. These are generally stainless steel reactors or black steel such as tube bundle reactors, plate reactors and the like. According to the invention, “fluid-conducting” means that at least gases can be transported, as is made possible, for example, by pipelines.
  • the reaction zone which can preferably be tempered, has at least one solid catalyst.
  • this can be a powder catalyst which is supported as pellets or is unsupported as a full contact.
  • the reaction area can also be coated with the solid catalyst on its walls.
  • the reaction area can be tubular or in the form of plates arranged parallel to one another.
  • a special form of the plates present parallel to each other are so-called “thermal plates”. These are plates which are connected to one another in sections and thus result in a pillow-like cavity structure.
  • Such reactors are described in DE 101 08 380 A1 for catalyst Coated thermal sheets and described in DE 100 19 381 AI for thermal sheets provided with powder catalyst so detailed that reference is made to this disclosure as part of this text.
  • reactors has reaction areas designed as slits between two walls.
  • Such reactors also referred to as “slot reactors”, are described, for example, in WO 02/18042 AI described, which disclosure is also incorporated by reference as part of this text.
  • the coolable heat exchanger area which adjoins the reaction area has at least one housing which preferably adjoins the reaction area directly.
  • housings can have all shapes known to the person skilled in the art and suitable for the purposes of heat exchange. Among this variety of shapes, tube shapes are preferred on the one hand, and two plate-shaped housings running essentially parallel to one another are preferred.
  • the tubular housing is preferably used in reactors whose reaction area has tubes.
  • the catalyst-containing tubes of the reaction region are particularly preferably lengthened, preferably while maintaining the same average, and the catalyst is replaced by one or more inserts in the tube thus lengthened.
  • this housing can have, similar to the thermal plates or slot reactors defined there, these not having a catalyst but one or more inserts.
  • the interior of the housing in particular the region of the interior of the housing that receives the insert, is designed to be as free of bends or even angles and preferably as straight as possible. This makes it easy to remove the insert from the housing.
  • the insert has at least one of the following, preferably all, properties determined according to the test methods described here: (A) a thermal pressure quotient ⁇ l at an empty pipe speed v of 0.485 m / s of greater than 1.11, preferably greater than 10 and in particular - preferably at least 50 and more preferably at least 70 W / m 2 / K / (mbar / m); (B) a thermal pressure quotient ⁇ 2 at an empty pipe speed v of 0.728 m / s of greater than 1.53, preferably greater than 2, more preferably greater than 12 and particularly preferably at least 60 and more preferably at least 90 W / m 2 / K / (mbar / m); (C) a heat pressure quotient ⁇ 3 at an empty pipe speed v of 0.970 m / s of greater than 1.81, preferably greater than 3.33, more preferably greater than 14 and particularly preferably at least 70 and more preferably at least 110 W / m
  • each of the individual properties A, B or C represents a preferred embodiment according to the invention. Further preferred embodiments according to the invention result from property combinations which follow the following letter combinations: AB, AC, BC, AC or ABC.
  • the heat pressure quotients A, B and / or C have maximum and therefore less than 1000, preferably less than 500, preferably less than 350 and furthermore preferably less than 200 and more preferably less than 150 W / m 2 / K / (mbar / m).
  • This can apply to the individual heat pressure quotients but also to the property combinations that result from the following letter combinations: AB, AC, BC, AC or ABC.
  • the individual thermal pressure quotients it is possible for the individual thermal pressure quotients to be present in the areas formed by the above lower limits and maxima.
  • the invention relates to a reactor connected to one another in a fluid-conducting manner, at least comprising:
  • reaction area the reaction area having at least one solid catalyst; a coolable heat exchanger area, the heat exchanger area having at least one housing, the housing at least partially receiving an insert; the insert having at least one of the following, preferably all, properties (A) to (C) determined above according to the test methods described herein.
  • the heat pressure quotient ⁇ is formed by dividing the heat transfer coefficient k and the sample length-related pressure loss ⁇ p. Usually ⁇ does not exceed 800 W / m 2 / K / (mbar / m).
  • the insert has a degree of gap of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and particularly preferably of at least 80.
  • a gap degree in the range from 90 to 99 is preferred.
  • the degree of gap is determined by Auslitem.
  • At least some of the elements are formed from an at least partially thread-like material.
  • 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 15 and particularly preferably 2 to 10 elements / cm of insert length of the plurality of elements are connected, preferably in one piece, from which at least partially thread-like materials are formed.
  • all materials known to the person skilled in the art can be considered as thread-like materials, the length of which is substantially greater, preferably at least ten times, preferably at least one hundred times and particularly preferably at least a thousand times longer than the diameter of this material.
  • materials for the filamentary materials both metals, metal alloys, plastics, especially high temperature resistant plastics, such as carbon fibers or plastics poylfluorator (Teflon ®), as well as ceramic materials, in particular basalt wool, come into consideration.
  • Teflon ® high temperature resistant plastics, such as carbon fibers or plastics poylfluor Of (Teflon ®), as well as ceramic materials, in particular basalt wool, come into consideration.
  • suitable materials for the use for the elements or the thread-like materials the person skilled in the art makes the selection of individual materials or material combinations based on the one hand that these materials have sufficient strength of the use, sufficient chemical resistance and satisfactory manufacturability of the uses enable.
  • At least a part of the majority of the elements are arranged around a core. It is preferred here that at least a part of the majority of the elements are taken up by this soul.
  • a longitudinal element can be considered as a soul.
  • the core is preferably formed from at least two longitudinal elements.
  • the at least two longitudinal elements can be connected to one another via an eyelet-like area, preferably in one piece.
  • the longitudinal elements can also be formed from the materials of the thread-like material. As a rule, the specialist selects the material for the soul according to the same criteria as apply in the case of the thread-like material.
  • the elements are taken up by the soul of the shape, that the elements penetrate the soul. According to an embodiment preferred according to the invention, this can be achieved in that at least two of the longitudinal elements are looped around one another to form one or more turns. The turns thus obtained take up at least one of the elements. It has proven particularly useful that in the range from 1 to 20, preferably from 4 to 15 and particularly preferably from 6 to 10, elements are accommodated in one of these turns, in which case the turn has a rotation of the longitudinal elements of 360 °.
  • the windings are designed such that the elements are clamped by these windings in such a way that the elements are held in a specific position that cannot be changed by the action of the gravity of the standing insert.
  • the elements are accommodated by a core which, compared to its diameter, is clearly longer, preferably at least ten times, particularly preferably at least one hundred times and moreover preferably at least five hundred times longer than its average.
  • a core designed in this way has a longitudinal axis, around which, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the elements are arranged, preferably helically, around this longitudinal axis. It is preferred here that in each case two to 20, preferably from 4 to 15 and particularly preferably from 6 to 10, elements form a section of this helix describing an entire circular arc. A complete circular arc of the helix is present when a line formed from the central axis of the soul to the point of the element most distant from this central axis matches the same line of another subsequent element.
  • element groups are arranged in a ring arrangement around a soul.
  • Wreaths of this type have from two to 20, preferably from 4 to 15 and particularly preferably from 6 to 10, elements. It is further preferred according to the invention that at least a part, preferably the entire majority, of the elements consist of wire. It is also preferred that the soul also consists of wire.
  • Metal wires are particularly preferred here. Suitable alloys for these metal wires are steel alloys, preferably stainless steel, brass alloys and platinum alloys, spring steel being particularly preferred.
  • an interior cross section of the housing fills this interior cross section.
  • the circle is filled as an interior cross section by the arrangement of the elements in which an imaginary circle formed by supervision of the elements coincides with the circle formed by the tubular element cross section to at least 80% of the area formed by the two circles.
  • the area of a square interior cross section resulting therefrom would coincide with the outline area formed by the elements by supervision of the use by at least 60, preferably at least 80%.
  • the housing has a cylindrical interior. This is particularly advantageous if the insert received through this interior space is also cylindrical.
  • the cylindrical interior and the cylindrical insert are the same, or that the cylindrical insert has a slightly larger circle radius in the disassembled state, preferably by 1 to 30, preferably from 2 to 20 and particularly preferably from 5 to 10% than that of the cylindrical interior. It is preferred here that the circular radius differences decrease with the increase in the stiffness of the material. This measure contributes to the positive fit of the insert in the housing.
  • This provides the insert with inherent support within the housing and furthermore enables contaminants adhering to the inner walls of the housing when the insert is removed, in particular carbon-containing deposits such as soot, to be removed.
  • the housing has an inner wall that is touched by at least a part of the majority of the elements.
  • This contact can be in the form of the elements being moved at least slightly out of their position in the contactless state outside the housing. In this way, the elements clamp the insert on the inner wall of the housing and thus result in the insert not being able to slip easily within the housing.
  • the elements can all be used by a person skilled in the art for the purposes of the present invention, in particular to improve the heat flow, the gas mixing and the soot reduction. It is preferred here that the elements of leaf or loop shape or elements with leaf shape are combined with elements with loop shape. It has been found to be particularly preferred that the elements are designed as loops.
  • An insert according to the invention has in the range from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and in particular 1 to 4 elements / cm.
  • Inserts that have a self-supporting skeleton-like structure, which in turn have at least two longitudinal elements that form an essentially centrally arranged core, in which these longitudinal elements are wound around each other, wherein this core has a plurality of loops that pass through the turns formed openings are held, with a plurality of the individual loops extending from the soul in a helical manner over the elongated soul.
  • Such inserts are disclosed, for example, in GB Patent 1,570,530, which reference is considered part of this disclosure. Further preferred inserts according to the invention and processes for their production are disclosed in GB 2 097 910 A. This reference is also considered part of this disclosure.
  • special inserts preferred invention at the company Cal Gavin Ltd, England are commercially available under the trade name HITRAN ®.
  • At least one further reaction region follows the heat exchanger region.
  • the catalyst in the reaction area and another catalyst in the further reaction area are different.
  • the selection of the catalyst in the reaction area and that of the further catalyst in the further depends on the reactions that are to be carried out in the reaction area.
  • the invention also relates to a reactor, the insert according to the invention, preferably coming from the heat exchanger area, reaching at least partially into the reaction area.
  • the part of the insert which extends into the reaction area (2) contains a catalyst.
  • the catalyst can be present as a coating on at least one of the elements.
  • at least one of the elements can be formed from a catalyst material.
  • platinum wire elements can be used in reactions catalyzed by platinum.
  • the elements can also carry or hold solid catalyst particles.
  • the insert can better distribute the reactant gas and the reaction gases in the reaction area, in which case the insert does not have to be coated with a catalyst. It is sufficient if the reaction area or the housing is coated or lined with catalyst.
  • the invention relates to a reactor with a reaction area having an insert according to the invention, this insert having a catalyst.
  • This insert having a catalyst.
  • the housing details and forms of the catalyst described here also apply to this variant.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the oxidation of a hydrocarbon, the hydrocarbon being converted as a gas in an inventive reactor to an oxidized hydrocarbon product.
  • An unsaturated hydrocarbon is preferably used as the hydrocarbon used for the oxidation. These are particularly preferably propene.
  • Acolein or acrylic acid may be mentioned as preferred oxidized hydrocarbon products according to the invention. Acrolein is obtained in a first stage in a reactor with a first reaction unit and acrylic acid is obtained from the acrolein thus obtained in a further reaction unit.
  • the invention relates to fibers, films, moldings, food or feed additives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foams, superabsorbents, paper leather or textile auxiliaries, containing or based on an oxidized hydrocarbon product according to the invention, preferably acrylic acid.
  • the invention further relates to the use of an oxidized hydrocarbon product, preferably acrylic acid, in or for fibers, films, moldings, food or feed additives, medicaments, cosmetics, foams, superabsorbents, paper, leather or textile auxiliaries.
  • an oxidized hydrocarbon product preferably acrylic acid
  • FIG. 2 shows the schematic representation of a housing according to the invention with an insert according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of a housing according to the invention which has an insert according to the invention
  • 4 shows a schematic illustration of part of a reactor according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a housing according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a housing according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of a housing according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of a housing according to the invention arranged in a realctor
  • FIG. 9 shows a diagrammatic illustration of a reactor according to the invention with a quenching, cleaning and polymerization unit connected thereto,
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a housing in cross section.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of an insert 6 according to the invention as a cutout.
  • This has a core 9 which is formed from two longitudinal elements 10 which are wound around one another and which consist of metal wire.
  • the twisting of the longitudinal elements 10 creates turns 11 in the core 9, which receive the elements 7 in recesses 17. Due to the fact that the elements 7 are made of a thread-like material 8, in the present case likewise a metal wire, the elements 7 become through the turns 11 in the core 9 held.
  • the turns 11 and the guidance of the thread-like material 8 are designed such that the elements 7 in the form of loops are spread apart from the central longitudinal axis 16 formed by the core 9, with an angle ⁇ between the longitudinal axis 16 and one starting from the Longitudinal axis 16, in the plan view of element 7 in its greatest surface extension, element surface 18 along the longest distance, seen from longitudinal axis 16, intersecting element axis 19 in the range from 45 to 135 °, preferably in the range from 75 to 115 ° and particularly preferably in Range is from 85 to 95 °.
  • the low-tilt mobility increases with a design of the elements 7 that is as round, arc-shaped or also low-edged as possible towards the inner tube wall.
  • the elements 7 are caused by the inclusion of one or more elements 7 in the recesses 17 of the turns 11 by the longitudinal elements 10 being rotated relative to one another arranged in a spiral staircase around the core 9 to form an element helix.
  • the “density” as the number of elements per given length of the insert 6 and the degree of gaps can be determined, on the one hand, by the inclusion of more elements 7 in the respective windings 11, or by the longitudinal elements 10 forming the core 9, or a combination thereof, being rotated relative to one another
  • the design described for this embodiment of the insert 6 ensures that a plurality of elements 7 are connected to form a unit and that an insert 6 is obtained with a self-supporting rigidity which sufficiently withstood the flow conditions prevailing in a housing 5 It is also advantageous for the movement of the inserts 7 if an eyelet is formed on at least one end, preferably this eyelet is formed from the longitudinal elements 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a housing 5 which has an insert 6 described in FIG. 1.
  • the interior 13 formed by the inner wall 14 of the housing 5 is filled by the insert 6 in such a way that the insert 6 is force-actuated when regions of the elements 7 touch the inner wall 14. is fit into the interior 13 of the housing 5.
  • This measure on the one hand makes it more difficult for the insert 6 to slide in the housing 5 and, on the other hand, deposits 20 such as soot adhering to the inner wall 14 when the insert 6 is removed from the housing 5 are at least partially removed.
  • the housing 5 has heat dissipation optionally cooling elements 21 on its outer wall 22.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 2 can also be used in reactors which contain an insert having a catalyst.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a housing 5 having an insert 6.
  • the housing has an interior 13 with an interior diameter ID.
  • Adjacent to the inner wall 14 of the housing 5 are two loop-shaped elements 7 and 7 ', which are held by two longitudinal elements 10 of the core 9 arranged in the interior 13.
  • the elements 7 and 7 ' are made of metal wire as a thread-like material 8, the thread-like material 8 running through the two longitudinal elements 10 clamped.
  • the two elements 7 and 7 'each have an element surface 18 and 18' indicated by hatching, which are divided in the same way in the middle from the central longitudinal axis 16 starting element axes 19 and 19 '.
  • the two element axes 19 and 19 ' enclose an angle which is in the range from 5 to 180, preferably in the range from 10 to 130 and particularly preferably from 30 to 100 °.
  • the area where the elements 7 rest after assembly in the housing 5 on the inner wall 14 of the housing 5 has a bearing diameter AD. It is preferred that the ID be larger than the AD. Furthermore, the AD is preferably 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 70% of the ID and is moreover preferably in the range from 25 to 50% of the ID.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of a reactor 1 with a reaction area 2 and a heat exchanger area 3.
  • the reactor 1 has a reactor plate 23 with a plurality of bores 24 through which an edulct gas 25 the solid catalyst 3, which can be present both as catalyst pellets and as a layer catalyst.
  • a chemical reaction occurs on the catalyst 3, a hot product gas 26 being introduced into a housing 5, which leaves it as a cooled product gas 27.
  • This cooling is favored in that an insert 6 is installed in the housing 5, through which the hot product gas flows and on which the hot product gas is swirled.
  • the heat given off to the housing 5 is dissipated via optional cooling elements 21 attached to the outer wall 22 of the housing 5 by passing a coolant flow 28 past.
  • the interior 13 has a lenticular interior cross section 12. Furthermore, the interior 13 is designed in such a way that two plates, which are designed as sheets and are joined to one another in parallel, are connected to one another along essentially straight and uninterrupted lines running parallel to one another via weld seams 30 as a connection area, the weld seams 30 preferably not being interrupted.
  • the insert 6 received by the interior 13 of such a housing 5 also has a lenticular cross section.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment of a housing 5 according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • two plates 29, which are embodied as sheets and are arranged essentially parallel to one another, are welded to one another at different, preferably offset, connection points 31.
  • the interior 13 has an interior cross-section 12 in the form of a lens, formed between two connection points 31.
  • the areas lying between the connection points 31 and forming the interior 13 of the housing 5 are designed like cushions. This interior space 13 designed in this way can accommodate an insert 6.
  • FIG. 7 is a special embodiment of the housing 5 shown in FIG. 6 and differs from it in that instead of the connecting points 31 elongated connecting areas 32 for connecting the two plates ten 29 are arranged intermittently along an imaginary line.
  • the housing 5 shown in FIG. 8 likewise has a plurality of plates 29 arranged essentially parallel to one another, which are held at holding areas 33 and are spaced apart from one another via a holding wall 34, so that an inner space 13 is formed which has an inner space cross section 12 which consists of is sufficient to accommodate the inserts 6. So that the inserts 6 are arranged in a fixed manner in the interior 13, the plates 29 have bulges 35 which partially approximate the cross-sectional shape of the insert 6 by means of curves.
  • FIG. 9 shows a realctor 1, into which reactant gas is introduced via an educt gas feed 37, which is initially fed to one of a large number of reaction regions (not shown, but identically designed) with a solid catalyst for reaction, and the reaction product thus produced to a heat exchanger region 4 with a housing 5, that has an insert 6 supplied.
  • the product gas cooled in the heat exchanger area 4 is converted in a further reaction area 15, which has a further catalyst 42, to a further product, which is also gaseous in a further heat exchanger area 36, likewise equipped with a housing 5, which has an insert 6 has, is supplied.
  • the product gas, optionally cooled in the further heat exchanger area 36 is fed to a quench device 39 via the product gas outlet 38.
  • quenching device 39 devices are particularly preferred in which the product gas is brought into contact with a liquid such as water or a solvent boiling or boiling above 100 ° C.
  • the liquid phase containing the product obtained in the quenching device 39 is fed to a purification area 40 for further processing.
  • Distillation and crystallization devices per se or a combination of distillation and crystallization devices can be considered as purification area 40.
  • the purified product thus obtained for example Acrylic acid
  • a further processing, in particular a polymerization for example to produce a superabsorbent
  • the purified product obtained in the purification area 40 is fed to a polymerization area 41.
  • the polymerization region 41 can be spatially related to the purification region 40, the purification region 40 and the quench device 39 or the purification region 40, the quench device 39 and reactor 1. Such a spatial relationship exists in particular if the arrangement takes place at a production site.
  • FIG. 11 shows a combination of two housings 5 formed as thermoplates, which have inserts 6 and / or catalytic converter 3 in their interstices 59, which are delimited by holding walls 34 and act as the actual housing 5.
  • the intermediate spaces 59 are formed in the form of a corrugated gap and can be flowed through either with hot product gas 26 when cooling with coolant 28 or in the case of a reaction with starting gas 25.
  • two or more inserts 6 can be combined to form insert modules 61 by an insert connection 60, which facilitates the handling of larger numbers of inserts.
  • the shape of the cross section of the cladding tube 43 corresponds to the shape of the cross section of the insert and is not larger than that of the housing for which the insert is intended. This applies in particular to operations with resilient elements.
  • a cladding tube 43 with a round cross section should be selected. If the cross section of the insert is lenticular, the test method must be carried out in a cladding tube 43 with a lenticular cross section.
  • the measuring device consists of a vertical cladding tube 43, which is made of a simple carbon steel (heat-conductive 50 W / m K) with a wall thickness of 2mm.
  • the cladding tube 43 has an inlet section 52 and a subsequent heating area 53 and heating area 53, which is wrapped with an electrical heating tape 44.
  • the windings of the heating band 44 lie directly on the outer tube wall 45 of the cladding tube 43, so that good heat transfer is ensured.
  • the heating band 44 is supplied with energy via an electrical power control, as a result of which a wall temperature is impressed on the heating region 53 of the cladding tube 43.
  • the heating tape 44 consists of a continuous metal fabric tape that is wound uniformly in the heating area 54 onto the cladding tube 43 at a winding distance of 30 mm.
  • the heating tape 44 has a nominal power of 60 W with a supply voltage of 27 volts.
  • Below the heating area 53 the cladding tube 43 extends a further 100 mm without a heating tape winding 44.
  • the heating area 53 has a sample chamber 57 for receiving a sample 48 with a sample length PL.
  • the length of the heating area 53 and PL are the same.
  • the runner is 4 times the length of PL.
  • the latter is closed by a plug-shaped seal 50.
  • the windings of the heating band 44 in the heating area 53 are protected against heat loss by convection or radiation by a 150 mm thick mineral wool insulation.
  • a pressure measuring lance 47 is inserted vertically at the upper end of the cladding tube 43.
  • a gas flow can be applied to the cladding tube 43 via the pressure measuring lance 47.
  • the pressure loss of the gas passed through the filling pipe 43 or through the sample can be determined by arranging pressure gauges 54 in the direction of flow 51 above an orifice 49 and pressure gauge 54 '.
  • the gas temperature in front of sample 48 (T E U is determined by means of Ni 100 thermometers (TI 101) mounted in the tube cross section of sleeve 43, the measuring tip of which is 3 mm above sample 48.
  • the gas temperature after sample 48 (T AUS ) is determined by means of Ni 100 thermometers (TI 102) mounted in the tube cross section of the cladding tube 43, the measuring tip of which is 3 mm below the sample 48.
  • the Ni 100 thermometer (TI 103) is used to determine the temperature (T and ) at the Pipe outer wall 45 determined in the section of the heating area 53.
  • the pressures PG1 and PG2 are determined via the manometers 54 and 54 '.
  • ⁇ p can be calculated using the mathematical relationship shown in Formula I.
  • the heat transfer coefficient k results from the mathematical relationship of the formulas II and III, where Q is the heating cable, I the current of the electrical heating of the heating area 53, mQ as the mass flow of air, A R0 hr and ⁇ Ti n logeritmic temperature difference according to Dubbel, Paperback for mechanical engineering, 19th edition, Springer Verlag Berlin 1997, is.
  • a pressure of 300 mbar is applied to manometer 54 via a floating cone flow meter 58.
  • the Drackmesslanze 47 is placed on the cladding tube 43 and sealed with a plug 50 and PG2 measured on manometer 54 '.
  • the empty pipe speed v specified in the table below is set via valve 56. Energy is supplied via the heating region 53 and transferred in the form of heat to the gas (air) flowing past. The amount of energy is selected so that T AUS is 90 ° C after reaching a steady state. Then T E Ü I and T and are measured.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

Réacteur qui comporte au moins une zone de réaction, ladite zone de réaction comportant au moins un catalyseur solide, et une zone d'échange de chaleur pouvant être refroidie, ladite zone d'échange de chaleur comportant au moins un boîtier (5) dans lequel est reçu un insert (6) au moins partiellement constitué d'une pluralité d'éléments, ces deux zones se trouvant en communication fluidique l'une avec l'autre. La présente invention concerne également un procédé d'oxydation d'un hydrocarbure à l'aide dudit réacteur, un produit hydrocarbure oxydé pouvant être obtenu à l'aide dudit procédé, des produits chimiques tels que des fibres, des films, des corps moulés et analogues, à base de ce produit hydrocarbure oxydé, ainsi que l'utilisation de ce produit hydrocarbure oxydé dans des produits chimiques de ce type.
EP05707190A 2004-02-05 2005-02-04 Reacteur pourvu d'une zone d'echange de chaleur possedant un insert Withdrawn EP1711254A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102004005863A DE102004005863A1 (de) 2004-02-05 2004-02-05 Reaktor mit einem einen Einsatz aufweisenden Wärmetauscherbereich
PCT/EP2005/001116 WO2005075064A1 (fr) 2004-02-05 2005-02-04 Reacteur pourvu d'une zone d'echange de chaleur possedant un insert

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JP (1) JP2007520341A (fr)
CN (1) CN1960802A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0507508A (fr)
DE (1) DE102004005863A1 (fr)
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Publication number Publication date
CN1960802A (zh) 2007-05-09
ZA200606447B (en) 2008-07-30
WO2005075064A1 (fr) 2005-08-18
JP2007520341A (ja) 2007-07-26
BRPI0507508A (pt) 2007-06-26
DE102004005863A1 (de) 2005-09-08
US20070274882A1 (en) 2007-11-29

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