EP1696193B1 - Procede de traitement de bois - Google Patents

Procede de traitement de bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1696193B1
EP1696193B1 EP03815336A EP03815336A EP1696193B1 EP 1696193 B1 EP1696193 B1 EP 1696193B1 EP 03815336 A EP03815336 A EP 03815336A EP 03815336 A EP03815336 A EP 03815336A EP 1696193 B1 EP1696193 B1 EP 1696193B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wood
chamber
steam
hours
gas mixture
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03815336A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1696193A4 (fr
EP1696193A1 (fr
Inventor
Youri Vasilevich Bodrov
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OOO "Polistek"
Original Assignee
OOO "Polistek"
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Priority claimed from PCT/RU2003/000523 external-priority patent/WO2005052478A1/fr
Publication of EP1696193A1 publication Critical patent/EP1696193A1/fr
Publication of EP1696193A4 publication Critical patent/EP1696193A4/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
    • B27K5/009—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C using a well-defined temperature schedule
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the invention is intended for the woodworking industry. It can be used in the hydrothermal treatment of wood and various products of wood: boards, squared timber, parquet, workpieces of different shape, etc. It is for drying and tinting of hardwood (oak, beech, ash, etc.), as well as of inferior Wood (aspen, spruce, etc.) is particularly effective.
  • One of the known methods is the treatment of wood by accelerated aging, including storage at temperatures of 110 to 190 ° C within 10 to 48 hours with subsequent treatment with 10-15% hydroperoxide solution within 10 to 15 hours (SU 719870, B 27 K 5/06, 1980). This method can be successfully used for accelerated aging of workpieces for high quality musical instrument manufacture and for restoration purposes.
  • Another known method of wood treatment is to heat in the chamber to the initial temperature lower than the boiling temperature of the moisture contained in the wood at the initial pressure in the chamber, then reduce the pressure in the chamber and dissipate the released moisture (RU 2145693, F 26 B 3/00). 2000).
  • the wood is kept at a temperature of 120 to 200 ° C until the pressure in the chamber min. 2 atm.
  • increasing the pressure e.g. At 8 atm, the softwood acquires a brownish hue.
  • a wood refining method by means of heat treatment The workpieces are heated in an air bath and exposed within 1.5 to 4 hours at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C and then cooled under natural conditions (RU 2099180, B 27 K 5/00, 1997 ). This gives the wood a very pronounced texture pattern and is comparable in terms of decorative properties with precious wood.
  • the method most closely related to the present invention is the wood heating with hot air and subsequent treatment with steam (SU 1250460, B 27 K3 / 00, 1986).
  • the wood structure is heated to 100 ° C with hot air.
  • the air bath is replaced by wet steam, whose temperature is raised to 220 to 240 ° C; the treatment with steam takes at least 2 hours.
  • One of the known wood drying plants includes a drying chamber where pieces of wood are stacked, supply and exhaust ducts, air heaters, fans and humidifying equipment (RU 2023963 F 26 B 3/04, 1994). This plant is used to dry hardwood at a maximum temperature of the heat carrier (wet steam) of 85 ° C. Therefore, the wood temperature does not reach the focal point.
  • This plant is used to dry hardwood at a maximum temperature of the heat carrier (wet steam) of 85 ° C. Therefore, the wood temperature does not reach the focal point.
  • Another known drying plant consists of the chamber with built-in nozzles for hot air supply to the wood stack (SU 94719, F 27 K 5/04, 1960).
  • one of the chamber walls is made of thermally conductive material and lined with hinged ceramic pads from the outside. This allows the drying speed to be regulated.
  • this plant has uneven warming of the wood pile along its length. This is due to a non-uniform hot air flow rate on the stack length, because the air pressure in the tuyeres decreases with distance from the fan.
  • GB 477,742 describes a method for carrying out a preservation treatment of wood in which the wood is kept at a temperature of 115 to 170 ° C for 3 to 5 hours.
  • GB 703,722 describes a method for hardening wood in which the wood is first held at room temperature in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50% to 70% and then exposed to saturated steam over a period of 1 to 3 hours.
  • EP 1 291 143 A2 describes a method for producing modified wood in which the wood for carrying out the modification at 120 to 200 ° C for 1 to 60 minutes is exposed to high-pressure steam of 0.2 to 1.6 MPa.
  • the plant closest to the present invention (concerning the technical process and the result) is that with a drying chamber for wood stacks, Heating elements and a drive device for the circulation of the heat carrier in the chamber, including inlet and outlet (RU 2182293, F 26 B 9/06, 2002).
  • a drying chamber for wood stacks Heating elements and a drive device for the circulation of the heat carrier in the chamber, including inlet and outlet (RU 2182293, F 26 B 9/06, 2002).
  • RU 2182293, F 26 B 9/06, 2002 In the chamber area for the wood stack is a container with shelves for pieces of wood or with deposits between the wood pieces.
  • In the opposite walls of the container for example in the bottom and roof are openings whose size depends on the area of the intake and exhaust for the circulating propellant. This ensures a uniform effect of the medium in the chamber on the length of the wood stack.
  • the existing walls do not allow a completely uniform throughput of the chamber medium; they also increase the media resistance during the circulation inside the chamber.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a wood treatment method for forming a wood structure having improved properties.
  • the technical results of this task are: possibility of treatment of pieces of wood with a thickness of over 200 mm; a wider range of types of wood for heat treatment; reduced average residual moisture in the wood after treatment; higher uniformity of the wood structure and its density; lower energy consumption for wood treatment.
  • the wood structure is preheated with hot air to 130 to 165 ° C at a rate of 30 to 45 degrees / h.
  • the bound moisture leaves the intermediate pore space as well as pores formed by the plant cells of the wood.
  • the escape of the free moisture from the wood structure is significantly reduced; There is no tearing of the wood cells.
  • the temperature and the heating rate exceed 165 ° C and 45 ° C / h, respectively, spontaneous destruction of the cells (pores) of the wood structure due to a substantial pressure increase and rapid migration of moisture from the central wood areas to the surface may occur.
  • the preheating of the wood structure with hot air with said parameters is a preparatory stage for further heat treatment.
  • the wood structure with water vapor within 0.5 treated up to 1.75 hours results in the averaging of the moisture values and the moisture content in the scope of the wood structure, because the water vapor is added at a temperature of 120 to 160 ° C in the chamber.
  • the vapor-gas mixture formed in the chamber is heated to 160 to 200 ° C at a rate of 4 to 8 degrees / h; this increases the degree of destruction of the wood cells.
  • the wood structure is again treated with water vapor within 0.5 to 1.75 hours; This also leads to the averaging of the moisture content and the moisture content in the scope of the wood structure.
  • the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is then reheated to 160 to 200 ° C at a rate of 4 to 8 degrees / h; the pieces of wood are exposed to this temperature for 2.5 to 6 hours. This further destroys the wood cells. Thereafter, the wood is treated again with water vapor within 0.5 to 1.75 hours, whereby a uniform distribution of the moisture content and the moisture content in the wood structure can be achieved. Subsequently, the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is last heated to 160 to 200 ° C at a rate of 4 to 8 degrees / h; then the heating of the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is stopped. After 1 to 3.5 hours of warming up, the wood is treated with water vapor within 0.5 to 1.75 hours.
  • the water vapor of 120 to 160 ° C is fed into the chamber and the vapor-gas mixture is discharged from the chamber.
  • the parameters of the wood treatment with water vapor and conditions (temperature, duration) of the heating of the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber were determined experimentally.
  • the degree of tinting of the pieces of wood depends on the chosen treatment parameters. The harder the treatment conditions, the higher the degree of tinting (browning).
  • the wooden workpieces are to be arranged in the chamber in stacks with a certain distance between the wood layers of 5 to 20 mm.
  • the circulation of the vapor-gas mixture is to be effected, wherein the vapor-gas mixture flows through the woodpile.
  • the air heating takes place at a rate of 30 degrees / h to a temperature of 130 ° C; then the wood is treated with water vapor within 0.5 hours; the vapor-gas mixture produced in the chamber is then warmed to 160 ° C at a rate of 4 degrees / h; then the wood is treated with water vapor within 0.5 hours; the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is then warmed to 160 ° C at a rate of 4 degrees / h; the pieces of wood are exposed to this temperature for 2.5 hours; then the wood is treated with water vapor within 0.5 hours; the vapor-gas mixture produced in the chamber is then warmed to 160 ° C at a rate of 4 degrees / h; then the heating of the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is stopped; One hour after the warm-up is stopped, the wood is treated with water vapor within 0.5 hours, with steam of 120 ° C being fed into the chamber and the vapor-gas mixture being discharged from the chamber.
  • the air heating is carried out at a rate of 46 degrees / h to a temperature of 165 ° C; then the wood is treated with water vapor within 1.75 hours; the vapor-gas mixture produced in the chamber is then warmed to 200 ° C at a rate of 8 degrees / h; then the wood is treated with water vapor within 1.75 hours; the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is then warmed to 200 ° C at a rate of 8 degrees / h; the pieces of wood are exposed to this temperature for 6 hours; then the wood is treated with water vapor within 1.75 hours; the vapor-gas mixture produced in the chamber is then warmed to 200 ° C at a rate of 8 degrees / h; then the heating of the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is stopped; 3.5 hours after the warm-up is stopped, the wood is treated with steam for 1.75 hours, with steam of 160 ° C being fed into the chamber and the vapor-gas mixture being discharged from the chamber.
  • the pressure in the chamber during the wood treatment must not exceed 0.2 MPa.
  • the present method can handle various construction elements and wooden workpieces.
  • the system should be equipped with a source of steam, the outlet of which is connected to the cavity of the chamber and condensate drainage.
  • the chamber should be provided with removable heat-insulating mats for at least part of the outer surface of the chamber.
  • the circulation driver can be mounted inside or outside the chamber.
  • Umisselztreibers is hydraulically connected to the corresponding cavities by means of a two-point distributor, with the possibility of alternately connecting the inlet and outlet to the cavities of the chamber are provided.
  • the system may include at least one additional circulator installed inside or outside the chamber.
  • the plant 1 is provided with the steam source 11, whose outlet is connected via the valve 12 with the cavity of the chamber 2.
  • the system 1 is provided with the device 13 for condensate drainage.
  • This device 13 works in virtually all treatment phases and is most heavily used in the treatment with water vapor.
  • the chamber 2 may be provided with removable thermal insulation mats 14 on a portion of the chamber surface.
  • the circulation driver 6 is installed inside the chamber 2 and outside the chamber 2.
  • the inlet 7 and the outlet 8 of the circulating 6 are hydraulically connected by means of a two-point distributor 15 with the respective cavities 10, with the possibility of alternately connecting the inlet and outlet ducts 7 and 8 are provided to the cavities 10 of the chamber 2.
  • the system may include at least one additional circulating driver 16 installed inside or outside the chamber 2.
  • the flap 17 is used to divert the vapor-gas mixture from the chamber 2.
  • the stack is on a cart 18, the u.a. on rails 19 drives, be placed.
  • the plant functions as follows. On the cart 18 or directly in the chamber 2 (see Fig. 5 and 6 ), the pieces of wood are put together in a stack. The wood layers are placed on each other at a distance of 5 to 20 mm by means of spacers or inserts. Then the cart 18 is retracted with the finished stack in the chamber 2 on rails 19. The chamber 2 is closed with the door 3. On the outer surface of the chamber 2 heat insulation mats 14 are hung, which reduce the heat losses.
  • the chamber walls can be made of heat-insulating material, thereby eliminating the heat insulation mats.
  • the heating elements 5 are turned on, thus the wood preheating begins in the chamber 2 by the warming of the air in the chamber at 130 to 165 ° C at a speed of 30 to 45 degrees / h.
  • the heat transfer medium vapor-gas mixture
  • the heat transfer medium vapor-gas mixture in the chamber 2 is circulated by means of the driver 6.
  • steam from the water vapor source 11 is input to the chamber 2 within 0.5 to 1.75 hours.
  • the vapor-gas mixture produced in the chamber is then warmed to 160 to 200 ° C at a rate of 4 to 8 degrees / h; then the wood is treated again with steam within 0.5 to 1.75 hours.
  • the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is then reheated to 160 to 200 ° C at a rate of 4 to 8 degrees / h; the pieces of wood are exposed to this temperature for 2.5 to 6 hours.
  • the wood is again treated with water vapor within 0.5 to 1.75 hours; the vapor-gas mixture is then brought back to 160 to 200 ° C at a rate of 4 to 8 degrees / h; then the heating elements 5 are turned off and the heating of the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber is stopped.
  • the wood is treated with steam for 0.5 to 1.75 hours 1 to 3.5 hours after warming up.
  • the heat insulating mats 14 are removed from the outer surface of the chamber 2.
  • the cooling of the wood stack is accelerated due to a higher heat output from the chamber 2 into the outside air.
  • the door 3 is opened.
  • the stack 4 is pulled out of the chamber 2 to the outside, where the wood is finally cooled.
  • All heat treatment processes can be automated by means of appropriate encoders and control devices. Any known devices can be used for this purpose.
  • All heat treatment phases are carried out by circulation of the vapor-gas mixture in the chamber by means of circulation. If only one circulation driver is used, the movement reversal of the heat carrier can be effected by means of a two-point distributor 15.
  • the additional circulation driver 16 also enables the wood treatment in the reversible circulation of the heat carrier.
  • the inlet of the main driver 6 is connected to one of the cavities 10, the inlet of the additional circulating driver 16 is connected to the other cavity 10. Accordingly, the outlets of the circulation drivers 6 and 16 are connected (see Fig. 6 ).
  • the workpieces are given a beautiful appearance and unique characteristics and can be used in various fields, i.a. for the interior fittings of steam baths and sauna rooms, for exterior cladding of different buildings, for the production of floors, musical instruments etc.
  • the wood cell structure changes in the mass, as if the wood had dried for several centuries.
  • the water vapor acts as a protective medium in this case and prevents the ignition of wood at elevated temperatures, because the oxygen is displaced.
  • the heat treatment it also decomposes sugar, thereby the microorganisms are brought to the nutrient medium. They are also killed by the heat treatment.
  • the present invention is economically applicable to the hydrothermal treatment of wood, wood products and various wooden products such as boards, squared timber, parquet, workpieces of different shapes.
  • the present invention requires no development of special equipment and equipment.

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de traitement de bois, caractérisé par le préchauffage de bois dans une chambre par chauffage de l'air, suivi d'un traitement du bois à la vapeur d'eau, dans lequel le chauffage de l'air est effectué à une vitesse de 30 à 45 degrés/h jusqu'à une température de 130 à 165 °C; le bois est ensuite traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant une durée de 0,5 à 1,75 heure ; le mélange de vapeur et gaz, formé dans la chambre est alors chauffé à une température de 160 à 200 °C, à une vitesse de 4 à 8 degrés/h ; le bois est ensuite traité à la vapeur d'eau au cours de 0,5 à 1,75 h ; le mélange de vapeur et gaz dans la chambre est alors chauffé à une température de 160 à 200 °C, à une vitesse de 4 à 8 degrés/h ; les morceaux de bois sont soumis à cette température pendant 2,5 à 6 heures ; ensuite, le bois est traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant 0,5 à 1,75 heure ; le mélange gaz-vapeur, formé dans la chambre, est alors chauffé à une température de 160 à 200 °C, à une vitesse de 4 à 8 degrés/h, le chauffage du mélange de vapeur et de gaz est alors stoppé dans la chambre ; 1 à 3,5 heures plus tard, le bois est traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant 0,5 à 1,75 heure, de la vapeur d'eau de 120 à 160 °C est amenée dans la chambre et le mélange de vapeur et de gaz est évacué hors de la chambre.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par la disposition des morceaux de bois en forme de pile.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les couches de bois sont empilées à distance les unes des autres.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle entre les couches de bois est de 5 mm à 20 mm.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que, dans la chambre, une circulation du mélange de vapeur et de gaz est provoquée.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le mélange circulant de vapeur et de gaz passe à travers la pile.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'air est chauffé dans la chambre jusqu'à 130 °C à une vitesse de 30 degrés / h; le bois est ensuite traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant 0,5 heure; le mélange de vapeur et de gaz, formé dans la chambre, est alors chauffé à 160 °C, à une vitesse de 4 degrés / h; le bois est ensuite traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant 0,5 heure; le mélange de vapeur et de gaz, présent dans la chambre, est alors chauffé jusqu'à 160 °C, à une vitesse de 4 degrés / h; les pièces de bois sont soumises à cette température pendant 2,5 heures ; le bois est ensuite traité à la vapeur d'eau au cours de 0,5 heurs; le mélange de vapeur et de gaz, produit dans la chambre, est alors chauffé à 160 °C, à une vitesse de 4 degrés / h ; le chauffage du mélange de vapeur et de gaz est alors stoppé dans la chambre; 1 heure après l'arrêt du chauffage, le bois est traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant 0,5 heure, de la vapeur d'eau à 120 °C étant introduite dans la chambre et le mélange de vapeur et de gaz étant évacué de la chambre.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'air est chauffé dans la chambre jusqu'à 165 °C à une vitesse de 45 degrés / h; le bois est ensuite traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant 1,75 heure; le mélange de vapeur et de gaz, produit dans la chambre, est alors chauffé à 200 °C, à une vitesse de 8 degrés / h; le bois est ensuite traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant 1,75 heure; le mélange de vapeur et de gaz, présent dans la chambre, est alors chauffé à 200 °C, à une vitesse de 8 degrés / h ; les pièces de bois sont soumises à cette température pendant 6 heures; le bois est ensuite traité à la vapeur d'eau au cours de 1,75 heurs; le mélange de vapeur et de gaz, formé dans la chambre, est alors chauffé à 200 °C, à une vitesse de 8 degrés / h; le chauffage du mélange de vapeur et de gaz est alors stoppé dans la chambre; 3,5 heures après l'arrêt du chauffage, le bois est traité à la vapeur d'eau pendant 1,75 heure, de la vapeur d'eau à 160 °C étant introduite dans la chambre et le mélange de vapeur et de gaz étant évacué de la chambre.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que, pendant le traitement à chaud, une surpression maximale de 0,2 MPa est connectée dans la chambre.
EP03815336A 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Procede de traitement de bois Expired - Lifetime EP1696193B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2003/000523 WO2005052478A1 (fr) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Procede de traitement de bois

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1696193A1 EP1696193A1 (fr) 2006-08-30
EP1696193A4 EP1696193A4 (fr) 2007-08-01
EP1696193B1 true EP1696193B1 (fr) 2011-01-26

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EP03815336A Expired - Lifetime EP1696193B1 (fr) 2003-11-25 2003-11-25 Procede de traitement de bois

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EP (1) EP1696193B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE496745T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003303319A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50313448D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2196295A1 (fr) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-16 Fachhochschule Eberswalde Bois et son procédé ainsi que son dispositif de fabrication
EP2278241A1 (fr) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-26 Jevgenijs Gordijs Installation et procédé de traitement thermique d'un matériau ligneux
US9833925B2 (en) * 2014-09-01 2017-12-05 Saga Wood Holding As Manufacturing method for a high durability, high insulating composite timber member and a composite timber member
CN112207942B (zh) * 2020-10-19 2022-04-08 东易日盛智能家居科技有限公司 一种环保型家具固化养生仓
EP4144496A1 (fr) * 2021-09-02 2023-03-08 Magnus Mewes Procédé d'usinage d'un corps en bois et corps en bois usiné selon le procédé

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB477742A (en) * 1936-03-28 1938-01-05 Henri Marie Andre Vautherin Preserving treatment for wood and product obtained thereby
GB703722A (en) * 1950-09-05 1954-02-10 Mapa Ag Improvements in or relating to the curing of wood
DE2441855A1 (de) * 1974-08-31 1976-03-11 Niels Valdemar Vest Joergensen Anlage zum lufttrocknen von holz
US4203229A (en) * 1977-10-03 1980-05-20 Champion International Corporation Dryer system and method of controlling the same
IT1232009B (it) * 1989-03-21 1992-01-22 C E A F Convertitori En Altern Impianto di essiccazione, particolarmente per legname
AU9195898A (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-03-14 Wee Hou Lim A timber drying kiln
JP3562517B2 (ja) * 2001-08-30 2004-09-08 ヤマハ株式会社 楽器およびその製造方法

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EP1696193A4 (fr) 2007-08-01
DE50313448D1 (de) 2011-03-10
EP1696193A1 (fr) 2006-08-30
AU2003303319A1 (en) 2005-06-17
ATE496745T1 (de) 2011-02-15

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