Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
  • B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
  • B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
  • B27K3/0285—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving the penetration of the impregnating fluid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
  • B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
  • B27K3/0292—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving fixation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
  • B27K3/36—Aliphatic compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
  • B27K3/50—Mixtures of different organic impregnating agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
  • B27K5/007—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 using pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
  • B27K5/06—Softening or hardening of wood
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
  • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
  • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
  • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
  • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
  • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/24—Pressing or stamping ornamental designs on surfaces

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for processing a wooden body, in particular by wood embossing, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a wooden body produced according to the method.
• the main challenge is that after the deformation in the said process, the piece of wood has as few cracks, fraying or roughening of the surface as possible, which would otherwise require subsequent treatment, for example by grinding. This is particularly the case when high quality surfaces of the processed wooden body are desired. Furthermore, it is a particular challenge not only to deform, in particular to emboss, softwoods such as fir, but also hardwoods such as oak.
• the macroscopic structure of the piece of wood can be brought into a desired shape without removing material, for example to form an ergonomic tool handle from a cuboid wooden body. Large reductions in the volume of the piece of wood are often desired here.
• embossing depth can be relatively small, but it should have very high visual fidelity to detail and resolution, for example in the range of a few 1/10 millimeters or less.
• stamps When embossing, stamps must therefore often be used, which are brought into contact with the surface of the piece of wood over the entire surface and without a gap, which often has to be done continuously over a larger surface area or the entire surface of the piece of wood and/or the entire stamping area. High demands are therefore placed on a method which can carry out both types of deformation with high quality, particularly in the case of different types of wood.
• the deformed, in particular pressed and/or embossed, piece of wood is fit for use after the deformation with as little post-treatment as possible, or preferably without post-treatment.
• This usability usually includes a pleasant haptic feeling of the piece of wood and a very smooth surface.
• wooden bodies are often subjected to a final treatment such as grinding or polishing and, if appropriate, subsequent impregnation. But this is very expensive.
• post-drying of the piece of wood after its deformation is often required, which is labour-, time- and energy-intensive.
• the object of the invention is to at least partially or completely solve the aforementioned problems.
• the invention is based on the object of providing a wood treatment process which enables a high degree of deformation of the piece of wood with a reduction in volume of the same and/or a particularly high level of detail, including fine-grained and preferably large-area embossing, which can also be carried out without cracks, especially in the case of types of wood that are difficult to deform, such as hardwoods which preferably requires only little or practically no post-treatment for the serviceable use of the piece of wood and which is also particularly preferred is economically feasible.
• step c) the at least superficial treatment of the wooden body with an oil A containing component A leads to the wooden body during the subsequent treatment in the autoclave in an atmosphere containing water vapor at elevated temperature with a particularly large reduction in volume of the wooden body during the subsequent Pressing process according to step c) and / or particularly detailed embossing is deformable.
• Step c) can also be carried out relatively quickly, even in the case of large volume reductions.
• This deformation during the pressing process c) is at least essentially or almost completely permanent due to the predetermined pre-treatment of the wooden body, ie it remains even if the pressing pressure is removed in step c).
• the wooden body has a particularly high surface quality after the pressing process in step c).
• the surface quality is characterized in that the wooden body has practically no cracks and/or fraying and a particularly smooth surface, which generally makes post-treatment, in particular also mechanical post-treatment, superfluous. In particular, cracks are avoided which are visible to the naked eye and/or would promote the penetration of moisture into the wooden body.
• the process according to the invention can be used to produce softwoods, but in particular also hardwoods, with the production of very delicate surface structures.
• a delicate structure of a stamping surface which corresponds, for example, to the surface structure of a conventional coin, can be permanently embossed in the piece of wood in step c) in a particularly detailed manner. This allows a variety of surface structures of the piece of wood for functional and / or decorative purposes.
• the wooden body can also surprisingly be deformed with significantly reduced or no crack formation, and deformation can also take place over a large depth range, ie with a high indentation depth based on a given cross section of the piece of wood.
• the piece of wood can deform by more than ⁇ 20% or ⁇ 30%, often also ⁇ 40% or up to 50% or optionally ⁇ 50% of its thickness, without being limited to this, can be compressed without cracking, so that a corresponding height profile can be pressed into the piece of wood. This is given in particular in combination with a rapid implementation of the method.
• the described deformation of the wooden body in step c) can take place in the deformation step by pressing and/or embossing over its entire surface, with the corresponding shaping tool also shaping the wooden body at the end of step c) over its entire surface, preferably continuously and without perforations and / or without a gap, which means that the method can be used in a particularly versatile manner, even when the wooden body is given a complex shape over its entire surface in one deformation step.
• This also allows complex three-dimensional shapes of the wooden body over its entire surface, for example for the production of hand tool handles from a cuboid preform in one step possible.
• types of wood that are difficult to permanently deform such as oak, walnut, maple, ash, elm or hardwood in general, relatively tough wood and/or wood that tends to crack.
• the wooden body does not lose the color characteristic of the respective wood, ie it does not lead to the wooden body fading, as is often the case when other treatment agents are used in step a).
• a post-treatment of the wooden body after carrying out step c) is often no longer necessary, even with different types of wood, and no grinding or polishing to produce particularly smooth wooden surfaces.
• Pressing in the context of the invention is always understood to mean a compression of the piece of wood with a reduction in volume of the same.
• wood in the sense of the present invention is understood to mean the hard tissue of the sprout seeds of trees and shrubs, ie the xylem of the seed plants produced by the cambium. In a broader sense, however, this also includes woody tissues of other plants such as palm trees, bamboo or the like, which usually have lignin built into the cell walls.
• the inventive effect of oil A is attributed to the fact that the components (i), namely free organic carboxylic acids, and / or (ii), namely fatty acid derivatives and / or resin acid derivatives and / or fatty alcohol derivatives, in steps a) and b) the lignin softening of the wood particularly effectively and profoundly, but after step c) has been carried out or the wood body has cooled down again leads to hardening of the lignin or the wood material overall, and also in the deformation and/or embossing of the piece of wood to only a very small or no crack formation in the wood and causes a very detailed fidelity when embossing delicate surface structures.
• Component A may be present in the oil A at a level of 5-50% by weight or higher, for example 10-40% or 15-30% by weight, based on the weight of the oil.
• the proportion of component A in the oil A can be ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ 10% by weight, more preferably ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 30% by weight, and generally preferably ⁇ 70% by weight. or ⁇ 60% by weight, without being limited thereto.
• component A can also be contained in the oil A in a content of ⁇ 70% by weight or ⁇ 70% by weight, or the oil A can optionally consist entirely of component A.
• Free organic carboxylic acids with a carbon number of ⁇ 6 or ⁇ 8, preferably ⁇ 10 or ⁇ 12, are preferably used as component (i). These are more hydrophobic than short-chain carboxylic acids, more oil-soluble and have proven particularly effective.
• the free carboxylic acids can be C8-C36 or C10-C30 or preferably C12-C25, C14-C22 acids or generally have ⁇ 6 carbon atoms and/or ⁇ 35 carbon atoms.
• the acids of component (i) are preferably fatty acids, for example saturated fatty acids, preferably unsaturated fatty acids, for example monounsaturated, polyunsaturated or conjugated fatty acids.
• the fatty acids mentioned can be present in combinations with one another.
• Conjugated fatty acids have two or more conjugated C-C double bonds, those with at least two consecutive trans double bonds are particularly preferred.
• Component (i) particularly preferably contains monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and/or conjugated fatty acids or combinations thereof.
• Component (i) particularly preferably contains polyunsaturated, even more preferably conjugated, fatty acids, which have proven to be particularly advantageous compared to monounsaturated or, in particular, saturated fatty acids.
• saturated fatty acids that can be used are myristic acid, palmitic acid and/or stearic acid or combinations thereof.
• unsaturated fatty acids that can be used are monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid.
• polyunsaturated fatty acids that can be used are linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid or combinations thereof.
• conjugated fatty acids i.e.
• Free resin acids can also be used as component (i), for example diterpene acids such as, for example, abietic acids, pimaranic acids, including their isomers, or the like and/or sesquiterpenic acids and/or triterpenic acids. Diterpene acids are preferred.
• the resin acids are preferably natural resin acids, such as those found in particular in natural tree resins, in particular in gum resins or conifer resins, such as, for example, in Canada balsam or the like. It is also possible to use modifications of these resin acids which, for example, have additional alkyl groups and/or are hydrogenated or dehydrogenated, structural isomers or the like.
• the resin acids are preferably present in the oil A in dissolved or finely dispersed form, for example depending on the presence of the respective resin acid in natural resins such as gum resins.
• the rosin acids may generally be incorporated into the Oil A formulation by the use of natural resins such as gum rosins. Resin acids are particularly preferred.
• the oil A can also be free of fatty acids and/or resin acids.
• free carboxylic acids with ⁇ 6 carbon atoms can also be present in component A (i), even if these are less preferred because they are less oil-soluble and less active in wood softening and can lead to fading of the piece of wood.
• Free carboxylic acids with ⁇ 6 carbon atoms are present in the oil preferably in a content of ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 10% by weight, preferably ⁇ 5% by weight or more preferably ⁇ 2% by weight or not at all .
• the free carboxylic acids RCOOH in particular fatty acids and/or resin acids, can also have other substituents such as hydroxyl and/or carbonyl groups in the R radical, but this is not mandatory.
• the free carboxylic acids RCOOH are generally preferably monocarboxylic acids. If appropriate, polybasic carboxylic acids such as dicarboxylic acids can also be present as component (i) as the free carboxylic acids; more preferably ⁇ 5% by weight based on the total weight of monocarboxylic acids in component (i) or in oil A as a whole, or the oil A is free from polybasic free carboxylic acids.
• the content of component (i), ie free organic carboxylic acids, in the oil A can be 5-50% by weight or possibly higher, preferably 10-40% by weight, more preferably 15-30% by weight , optionally also ⁇ 2% by weight.
• the content of component (i) in the oil A can generally also be ⁇ 30% by weight or ⁇ 20% by weight or also ⁇ 15% by weight or ⁇ 10% by weight, in particular if the content of component ( ii) in oil A is sufficiently high.
• the content of component (i) in the oil A can optionally also be ⁇ 60% by weight or ⁇ 70% by weight.
• the oil A also contains practically no free carboxylic acids.
• the content of free fatty acids with a carbon number of ⁇ 6 or ⁇ 8, preferably ⁇ 10 or ⁇ 12, in the oil A can be 5-50% by weight or possibly higher, preferably 10-40% by weight. , more preferably 15-30% by weight.
• the content of free saturated fatty acids in the oil A can be 5-50% by weight or possibly higher, preferably 10-40% by weight, more preferably 15-30% by weight.
• the content of saturated fatty acids in the oil A can also be ⁇ 30% by weight or ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 10% by weight, in particular if a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
• the content of free unsaturated fatty acids in the oil may be 5-50% by weight or higher, preferably 10-40% by weight, more preferably 15-30% by weight. This refers to the total content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including conjugated fatty acids.
• the content of free monounsaturated fatty acids in the oil may be 5-50% by weight or higher, preferably 10-40% by weight, more preferably 15-30% by weight.
• the content of free polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular free conjugated fatty acids, is particularly preferably 5-50% by weight or higher, preferably 10-40% by weight, more preferably 15-30% by weight in the oil A .
• the content of free resin acids in the oil A can be in the range of 5-50% by weight, preferably 10-30% by weight, more preferably 15-30% by weight, optionally also ⁇ 25% by weight or ⁇ 10% by weight or ⁇ 5% by weight.
• the fatty acids are non-cyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.
• the oil component A preferably has fatty acid derivatives and/or resin acid derivatives and/or fatty alcohol derivatives as component (ii).
• the fatty acid derivatives and/or resin acid derivatives are preferably derivatives of the fatty acids or resin acids described as component (i); reference is made in full to the comments on this.
• Fatty alcohol derivatives of oil component A are preferably alcohols which can be obtained from the free fatty acids mentioned by replacing at least one or preferably all of the COOH groups with a CH2-OH group result, in which case - less preferred - the alcohol can also be a secondary alcohol with the same number of carbon atoms, or possibly also a tertiary alcohol.
• the fatty alcohols are preferably predominantly, ie ⁇ 50% or ⁇ 75% or preferably ⁇ 85%, based on molar ratios, or fully primary alcohols.
• the fatty acids and/or resin acids and/or fatty alcohols of the respective derivatives preferably independently have a carbon number of ⁇ 6 or ⁇ 8, preferably ⁇ 10 or ⁇ 12, which are comparatively hydrophobic and more oil-soluble and have proven particularly useful.
• the fatty acids and/or resin acids and/or fatty alcohols of the derivatives can independently be C8-C36 or C10-C30 or preferably C12-C25, C14-C22 acids or alcohols or generally ⁇ 6 carbon atoms and/or ⁇ 35 C -Have atoms.
• the acids or alcohols of the derivatives can be saturated, unsaturated, for example monounsaturated, polyunsaturated or conjugated fatty acids or combinations thereof.
• Conjugated fatty acids have two or more conjugated CC double bonds, particularly preferably those with conjugated trans-trans double bonds.
• Component (ii) particularly preferably contains monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and/or conjugated fatty acids or combinations thereof.
• Component (ii) more preferably contains polyunsaturated and/or conjugated fatty acids.
• the fatty acids of component (ii) can be, in particular, those as described for the free fatty acids of component (i), regardless of the presence of free fatty acids in oil A.
• the resin acids of component (ii) can be, in particular, such as these the free rosin acids of component (i), regardless of the presence of free rosin acids in oil A.
• the fatty acid residues and/or resin acid residues and/or fatty alcohol residues of the respective derivatives are preferably present independently of one another at least partially or predominantly or almost completely as terminal groups or side groups of the respective molecule, in particular as side groups.
• Preferably ⁇ 50% or preferably ⁇ 75% or ⁇ 85% or ⁇ 95% or practically all of the fatty acid residues are present as terminal groups and/or side groups of the respective molecule, based on the molar number of these groups.
• this can also apply, independently of one another, to the resin acid residues and/or fatty alcohol residues.
• these residues with their functional binding groups such as in particular ester groups in steps a) and/or b) can act particularly well on the wood components of the piece of wood, in particular also lignin, to soften the piece of wood.
• This therefore differs from compounds in which such components are part of the basic structure or backbones of polymers.
• the fatty acid residues and/or resin acid residues and/or fatty alcohol residues mentioned are thus preferably only once derivatized, ie connected to another molecule residue only at one acid or alcohol group.
• the fatty acid residues and resin acid residues are generally the RCOO- residues of the respective fatty acids or resin acids RCOOH understood.
• Fatty alcohol residues are generally understood to be the RO residues of the respective fatty alcohols ROH.
• the derivatives of the fatty acids and/or resin acids and/or fatty alcohols mentioned are each independently of one another preferably esters of the same, so that the derivatization is therefore in the ester formation. These have proven to be particularly effective with regard to the possible reduction in volume of the piece of wood when it is pressed and/or the attention to detail of the embossing process when embossing a delicate ornament.
• the derivatives are preferably present to an extent of more than 50% by weight or more than 75% by weight or preferably more than 90% by weight as esters. If necessary, the derivatization can also take place in another way, for example by forming amides or the like. However, esters have proven particularly useful for achieving the advantages according to the invention.
• the derivatives can optionally be modified by other groups, for example by reaction with epoxy resins and/or polyethers or other customary functionalizing groups, in order to modify the properties of oil A, such as its curing properties.
• fatty acid derivatives in particular fatty acid esters
• isocyanates and/or siloxanes as are known, for example, in the case of wood preservatives.
• oil A there is preferably no modification of components, particularly preferably not component A, with siloxanes and/or isocyanates, or preferably at least only to an extent which does not affect the performance properties of oil A.
• the said modification or the derivatization in general should preferably not be so strong that the oil A is already essentially or completely hardened when the piece of wood is introduced into the autoclave.
• the said modification or derivatization should generally not be so strong that the oil A noticeably, essentially or completely loses its property of being absorbed into the wood, i.e. not only forming a film on the surface of the piece of wood.
• oil A preferably dries open-pored on the wood rather than forming a film after it has been applied to the wood.
• the oil A is preferably a drying oil, which therefore preferably forms and resinifies oxidation products under the action of atmospheric oxygen.
• Oil A is a one-component system.
• a second component such as a hardener, in particular not a hardener in liquid, paste-like or solid form which is chemically reactive with the oil A or its components and before the oil A is applied mixed with it and stored separately from oil A.
• the oil A is preferably storable and can be applied to the piece of wood without being mixed with a second component.
• esters of the fatty acids and/or resin acids of the derivatives mentioned are preferably esters of monohydric to hexahydric alcohols or mixtures thereof, preferably of monohydric and/or dihydric and/or trihydric alcohols or mixtures of such esters, but possibly also of tetrahydric , five or hexavalent alcohols.
• the esters of the fatty acids and/or resin acids can be esters of monohydric alcohols and/or esters of dihydric alcohols, in particular glycol, in particular glycol diesters, for example of ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol.
• the esters of fatty acids and/or resin acids can be esters of trihydric alcohols, in particular glycerol esters, in particular mono-, di- or more preferably trihydric glycerol esters, ie mono-, di- or triglycerides, particularly preferably triglycerides.
• the esters mentioned of monohydric, dihydric and/or trihydric alcohols can also be present in a mixture with one another.
• esters mentioned each preferably have only 1 to 5 alcohol residues or ⁇ 3 alcohol residues or only one alcohol residue as molecular building block. Esters of this type have proven particularly useful for achieving the advantages according to the invention.
• the respective alcohol of the ester can be, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or a 1,2-diol with ⁇ 10 or ⁇ 6 or ⁇ 4 carbon atoms or a monohydric fatty alcohol and/or diterpene alcohol and/or sesquiterpene alcohols and/or triterpene alcohol, in particular fatty alcohol , particularly preferably fatty alcohol with ⁇ 6, preferably ⁇ 8 or ⁇ 10, particularly preferably ⁇ 12 carbon atoms, but optionally also from methanol, propanol or butanol.
• the fatty alcohol can have ⁇ 40 carbon atoms or ⁇ 30, particularly preferably ⁇ 25 or ⁇ 20 carbon atoms.
• the respective alcohols of the esters can, in particular, be plants of natural origin, in particular of plant origin, or corresponding nature-identical alcohols.
• esters in particular glycerol esters such as mono-, di- or triglycerides or mixtures thereof, of monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid or combinations thereof.
• 9,11 linoleic acid, elaeostearic acid, licanic acid, paric acid, calendulaic acid, catalpinic acid and/or punicic acid or combinations thereof can be present as conjugated fatty acids with conjugated CC double bonds, preferably each with trans double bonds, in particular consecutive trans double bonds.
• esters of linoleic acid and/or linolenic acid have proven particularly useful.
• esters of resin acids such as, for example, diterpenic acids such as abietic acids, pimaranic acids, including their isomers, or the like and/or sesquiterpenic acids and/or triterpenic acids can also be present as component (ii).
• the fatty acids, resin acids and/or fatty alcohols are preferably natural acids and/or alcohols, more preferably of vegetable nature or corresponding essentially nature-identical substances.
• Vegetable oils often contain esters of relatively long-chain fatty acids with a high content of unsaturated, in particular polyunsaturated and/or conjugated fatty acids, which have proven to be particularly advantageous.
• Corresponding vegetable oils which have high levels of such fatty acid esters are, for example, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, castor oil, nut oils such as walnut oil, palm oil, sunflower oil or the like. These oils can form at least some or all of component (ii) or component A of oil A and can be an essential part of oil A.
• the as a component Fatty acids, resin acids and/or fatty alcohols used in (i) and (ii) can each also be obtained by modifying and/or derivatizing natural fatty acids, resin acids and/or fatty alcohols, e.g.
• fatty acids, resin acids and/or fatty alcohols used as component (i) and (ii) may also not be modified and/or derivatized by polyether and/or epoxide and/or siloxane and/or isocyanate groups.
• the fatty acids, fatty acid esters, resin acids, resin acid esters and/or fatty alcohols based on natural compounds thereof can also generally not be modified and/or derivatized, which can apply independently to the compounds mentioned.
• the fatty acids and/or resin acids and/or fatty alcohols of component (ii) can optionally also be bonded in particular as terminal groups or side groups to an oligomeric or polymeric backbone, in particular an organic backbone.
• the backbone can be, for example, a suitably functionalized polyether and/or polyester, for example an alkyd resin.
• the oligomeric or polymeric backbone, such as alkyd resin preferably has only a low degree of oligomerization or polymerization, so that the resin does not form a film after application to a wooden body, but rather penetrates into the wooden body. Thus, generally lower degrees of oligomerization or polymerization are preferred, so that the substance is thinner and easier to penetrate into the wood can penetrate.
• the oligomer and/or polymer is preferably adjusted in such a way that it is not yet fully cured when the piece of wood is introduced into the autoclave to carry out step b).
• the oligomer or polymer preferably has ⁇ 250 or ⁇ 100 or ⁇ 50, preferably ⁇ 25 or ⁇ 10 radicals from the group of fatty acid radicals, resin acid radicals and fatty alcohol radicals, as the number of radicals per molecule, particularly preferably ⁇ 5, for example 3 as with triglycerides .
• the oil A can contain ⁇ 25% by weight or ⁇ 10% by weight, optionally ⁇ 5% by weight or ⁇ 2% by weight, of alkyd resins or be free of alkyd resins.
• fatty acid derivatives in particular fatty acid esters of component (ii) of oil A
• fatty acid derivatives in particular fatty acid esters
• resin acid derivatives in particular resin acid esters
• fatty alcohol derivatives in particular fatty alcohol esters
• Component (ii), i.e. fatty acid derivatives and/or resin acid derivatives and/or fatty alcohol derivatives in combination, may be present in the oil A at a level of 5-50% by weight or higher, for example 10-40% or 15-30% by weight, based on the weight of the oil.
• the proportion of component (ii) in the oil A can be ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ 10% by weight or ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 30% by weight, more preferably also ⁇ 40% by weight.
• the content of component (ii) can also be ⁇ 70% by weight or ⁇ 60% by weight, without being restricted thereto.
• the content of fatty acid derivatives in the oil A is preferably 5-50% by weight or higher, for example 10-40% or 15-30% by weight, based on the weight of the oil.
• the proportion of fatty acid derivatives in the oil A can be ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ 10% by weight or ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 30% by weight or ⁇ 50% by weight, but also ⁇ 60% by weight or ⁇ 70% by weight, optionally also practically 100% by weight.
• the content of fatty acid derivatives in the oil A can generally also be ⁇ 70% by weight or ⁇ 60% by weight, without being limited thereto. In particular, these levels may apply to the level of fatty acid esters in the oil.
• fatty acid derivatives in particular fatty acid esters, with ⁇ 250 or ⁇ 100 or ⁇ 50, preferably ⁇ 25 or ⁇ 10 or ⁇ 5 fatty acid residues.
• fatty acid esters in the form of triglycerides.
• the content of the fatty acid residues in the fatty acid derivatives, preferably in the form of esters, in the oil A, which represent unsaturated fatty acid residues, is preferably ⁇ 5% by weight or ⁇ 10% by weight, preferably ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 30% by weight %, more preferably ⁇ 40% by weight or ⁇ 50% by weight, but also ⁇ 60% by weight or ⁇ 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty acid residues of the fatty acid derivatives.
• the content of unsaturated fatty acid derivatives or esters in relation to the fatty acid residues of the derivatives mentioned, in particular esters can generally also be ⁇ 70% by weight or ⁇ 60% by weight, for example also ⁇ 50% by weight, without being limited thereto to be.
• the stated contents of fatty acid residues in the fatty acid derivatives, preferably in the form of esters, in the oil A can each apply to polyunsaturated fatty acid residues.
• the contents of fatty acid residues mentioned in the fatty acid derivatives, preferably in the form of esters, in the oil A can each apply to conjugated fatty acid residues.
• fatty acid derivatives mentioned are mixed derivatives or esters, in which saturated fatty acids are also present in one molecule with regard to unsaturated fatty acids, or in which other fatty acids such as unsaturated fatty acids are also present with regard to polyunsaturated fatty acids /or monosaturated fatty acids are present, or in which, with respect to conjugated fatty acids, other fatty acids such as non-conjugated fatty acids are also present,
• the content of rosin acid derivatives in the oil A is preferably 5-50% by weight or higher, for example 10-40% by weight or 15-30% by weight, based on the weight of the oil.
• the proportion of resin acid derivatives in the oil A can be ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ 10% by weight or ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 30% by weight or ⁇ 50% by weight, but also ⁇ 60% by weight or ⁇ 70% by weight, optionally also practically 100% by weight.
• the content of the resin acid derivatives in the oil can also be ⁇ 70% by weight or ⁇ 60% by weight, without being limited to this. In particular, these levels can apply to the level of rosin acid esters in the oil.
• the content of fatty alcohol derivatives in the oil A is preferably 5-50% by weight or higher, for example 10-40% by weight or 15-30% by weight, based on the weight of the oil.
• the proportion of the fatty alcohol derivatives in the oil A can be ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ 10% by weight or ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 30% by weight, in particular also ⁇ 50% by weight or ⁇ 60% by weight or also ⁇ 70% by weight, optionally also practically 100% by weight.
• the content of fatty alcohol derivatives in the oil can generally also be ⁇ 70% by weight or ⁇ 60% by weight, without being restricted to this. In particular, these levels can apply to the level of esterified fatty alcohols in the oil.
• resin acid derivatives in particular resin acid esters, and/or fatty alcohol derivatives, in particular esterified fatty alcohols, with ⁇ 250 or ⁇ 100 or ⁇ 50, preferably ⁇ 25 or ⁇ 10 or ⁇ 5 resin acid residues or fatty alcohol residues.
• the content of component (ii) in the oil A may be higher than the content of component (i) in the oil A, each based on weight percent with respect to 100% by weight of oil A.
• the weight proportion of component (ii) in the oil A can be higher, for example, by a factor of ⁇ 1.2 or ⁇ 1.5, preferably by a factor of ⁇ 2 or ⁇ 3 or ⁇ 5, than the content of component (i) in the oil A, in each case based on their proportions by weight in the oil A.
• the content of the fatty acid derivatives, in particular fatty acid esters, and/or the content of the resin acid derivatives, in particular resin acid esters, and/or the content of the fatty alcohol derivatives, in particular in the form of esters can be greater than that of component (i) in the oil A, for example by a factor of ⁇ 1.2 or ⁇ 1.5, preferably by a factor of ⁇ 2 or ⁇ 3 or ⁇ 5 higher than the content of component (i) in the oil A, based in each case on their proportions by weight in the oil A.
• the content of component (i) in the oil A can be higher than the content of component (ii) or the content of the fatty acid derivatives, in particular fatty acid esters, and/or the content of the resin acid derivatives, in particular resin acid esters, and/or the content of fatty alcohol derivatives, especially in the form of esters.
• ⁇ 5% by weight preferably ⁇ 10% by weight, ⁇ 25% by weight, for example 10-40% by weight, more preferably 15-30% by weight, preferably ⁇ 50% by weight or ⁇ 75% by weight or ⁇ 85% by weight, more preferably ⁇ 95% by weight of the fatty acid esters of component (ii) of oil
• the fatty acid esters are particularly preferably ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ 10% by weight, ⁇ 25% by weight, for example 10-40% by weight, more preferably 15-30% by weight, preferably ⁇ 50 % by weight or ⁇ 75% by weight or ⁇ 85% by weight, more preferably ⁇ 95% by weight of diglycerides or triglycerides or mixtures of di- and triglycerides.
• the alcohols are preferably not linked to other alcohols in the molecule.
• the substances used as component (i) and/or as component (ii) are generally preferably at least partially or completely liquid at the treatment temperature of the piece of wood in the autoclave, resulting in increased reactivity of the same with the wood components, in particular lignin, in step b). .
• the substances used as component (i) and/or as component (ii) generally preferably have a melting point of ⁇ 100° C., preferably ⁇ 80° C. or ⁇ 60° C., more preferably a melting point of ⁇ 40° C. or ⁇ 30°C, most preferably a melting point of ⁇ 20°C, which can apply to at least part of the respective component, for example >50% by weight or >75% by weight or >90% by weight thereof, or each independently for component (i) and/or component (ii) as a whole.
• Components (i) and/or (ii) are therefore preferably at least partially or completely liquid when applied to the wood body and/or when it acts on it in step a), preferably > 50% by weight or > 75% by weight. -% or >90% by weight of the same, which can apply independently to component (i) and/or component (ii) as a whole.
• Components (i) and/or (ii) are particularly preferably oil-soluble, for example in a C10-C12 alkane and/or an essential oil, which accounts for ⁇ 25% by weight or ⁇ 50% by weight or ⁇ 75% by weight. % of components (i) and/or (ii) or for the full components (i) and (ii).
• the components (i) and/or (ii) are particularly preferably dissolved in the oil A and/or in a form such as those present in a natural gum resin, for example finely dispersed, which in each case accounts for ⁇ 25% by weight or ⁇ 50% by weight or ⁇ 75% by weight of the same or can apply completely to the respective substances.
• the oil A may contain other additives, for example in the range of 5-30% by weight, for example about 15% by weight, which are different from the aforementioned components (i) and (ii).
• the additives can be, for example, biocides, wood preservatives, agents against blue rot, color pigments, solid resin components (with the exception of resin acids), optionally diluents, preferably without diluents.
• the additives can be present in the oil A, for example, in dissolved or dispersed form.
• the deformation of the wooden body in step c) usually takes place with a permanent reduction in volume of the wooden body.
• the wood can be compressed as a result and, due to the higher density that is then present, has an improved surface compared to the non-compressed wood body.
• the compaction or reduction in volume due to the deformation of the wooden body in step c) can be, for example, ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 20%, but usually also ⁇ 30% or up to 40-50%, based on the volume of the piece of wood the implementation of the method according to the invention.
• hardwoods also have particularly high-quality surfaces which are free of cracks and/or fraying and which are particularly are smooth.
• “kiln density” is generally understood to be the density of the wood after drying at 103° C. to constant weight, preferably in dry air, in particular in air with 0% humidity at 103° C. and 1013 hPa.
• step c During the compaction of the wood, it can be compressed to up to 50% of its original volume in step c), which is possible due to the treatment with the oil A used.
• This enables a particularly high compression of the wood.
• the shape of the piece of wood originally used for example a cuboid piece of wood, can be changed in many ways.
• due to this high compression of the wood after the method according to the invention has been carried out, it is also particularly insensitive and mechanically stabilized to external environmental influences such as water, mechanical stresses such as the introduction of scratches, etc.
• component A consists at least partially of components that harden in air.
• free carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid esters can be used for this purpose, in which case the carboxylic acids of the respective components are unsaturated fatty acids and/or esters of unsaturated acids.
• the free acids and/or the esters the respective unsaturated acids are preferably unsaturated fatty acids.
• the oil can contain further components such as varnishes, essential oils, balsamic resins, hydrocarbons and/or higher alcohols, in particular with ⁇ 6 or ⁇ 10 or ⁇ 12 carbon atoms.
• the components mentioned can be contained in the oil in a content of ⁇ 80% or ⁇ 60%, or else ⁇ 40% or ⁇ 30%.
• the hydrocarbons can be, for example, paraffins and/or mono- and/or di- and/or sesqui- and/or triterpenes. All components of oil A preferably have a melting point which is less than or equal to the maximum treatment temperature of the piece of wood in the autoclave, preferably ⁇ 140°, particularly preferably ⁇ 100°.
• the oil A can contain other components such as biocides, wood preservatives, wood care products, fillers, color pigments or the like, also solvents and/or diluents such as essential oils, terpenes or the like, optionally also other oil components that form the oil body of the oil.
• the oil A can contain these or other further components in a content of ⁇ 75% by weight, or ⁇ 50% by weight, preferably ⁇ 35% by weight, or ⁇ 20% by weight, optionally also ⁇ 10% by weight. -% included, but not limited to.
• Oil A can also contain solvents and/or thinners to improve its creeping properties and penetration into the wood, such as essential oils, orange oil or turpentines such as gum turpentine (resin effluent from conifers) or balsams.
• solvents and/or thinners to improve its creeping properties and penetration into the wood, such as essential oils, orange oil or turpentines such as gum turpentine (resin effluent from conifers) or balsams.
• pure hydrocarbons in the oil A are not or only in a small amount such as ⁇ 50% by weight or ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 10% by weight or 5% by weight or practical not included, which can also apply independently of this to the content of free alkanes, such as those contained in paraffin oils.
• the oil A preferably has a dynamic viscosity of ⁇ 2500 mPas or ⁇ 1000 mPas, particularly preferably ⁇ 500 mPas or ⁇ 250 mPas, more preferably ⁇ 100 mPas, for example approx. 50 mPas.
• the oil A is relatively, preferably very thin, so that it penetrates the wood pores very easily and the piece of wood can therefore be deformed after the autoclave treatment with a relatively large reduction in volume and/or great attention to detail when embossing surface structures.
• the viscosity is generally determined according to EN ISO 3219, October 1994 version, at 23° C. with a shear rate of 100 s ⁇ 1 , determined using a Brookfield viscometer, coaxial cylinder configuration with a standard arrangement.
• the wooden body is treated with the oil A before step b) is carried out for a period of ⁇ 2 hours or ⁇ 4 hours, particularly preferably ⁇ 8 hours or ⁇ 12 hours.
• Exposure to oil A over a period of about 24-48 hours is particularly preferred.
• the exposure preferably takes place over a period of ⁇ 5 days or ⁇ 4 or ⁇ 3 days, it also being possible for exposure times to be longer than 5 days to be carried out.
• the application of the oil A preferably does not take place over a too long period of time in order to avoid volatilization of components and/or in the presence of air-drying or air-hardening components of the oil, for example unsaturated fatty acids, and/or excessive hardening of the oil before the to avoid autoclaving.
• the oil A is not fully cured before the wooden body is placed in the autoclave.
• the oil A is preferably not completely dried before the wooden body is introduced into the autoclave.
• hardening and through drying refer to the terminology customary for treating wood with oils, in particular primers and hardwax oils.
• the piece of wood is treated with the oil A in step a) preferably at room temperature (20° C.), optionally also at a slightly elevated temperature such as ⁇ 50° C. or ⁇ 30-40° C., generally preferably above 10° C., without to be limited to this.
• the oil A can be applied to the wooden body by a conventional application of the oil A to the wooden body, for example by spreading the oil, immersing the wooden body in the oil A or the like. It is sufficient here if the oil A can drip off the wooden body after it has been applied. Optionally, however, the wooden body can also be permanently immersed in the oil A over the period of exposure, although this is usually not necessary.
• the oil A can also be applied to the piece of wood after a vacuum treatment of the piece of wood, in particular while the vacuum is being applied to the piece of wood.
• This allows the oil to penetrate the pores of the wood more easily.
• This has in particular with hardwoods with comparatively high kilning density as preferred in order to be able to treat the piece of wood in step c) with a comparatively high volume reduction and/or high level of detail of structural impressions.
• the wooden body is particularly preferably treated at least on the surface with a second oil B, the oil B being different from the oil A.
• the oil B has at least one wood pore-closing component B, which is present in the oil A in a smaller proportion, for example only up to 75%, preferably only up to 50% or only up to 25% or only up to 10% of the content of the Oil B, is included, or preferably the oil A contains a wood pore-closing component B practically not.
• the wooden body can be compressed with a larger volume with otherwise the same treatment with oil A and/or delicate surface structures can be embossed into the wooden body in more detail than without the use of oil B, without impairing the wooden body such as cracking respectively.
• oil B causes volatilization and/or hardening or setting of components of the oil A during the pretreatment of the piece of wood in step a) and/or during the treatment of the piece of wood in the autoclave is diminished. This allows the oil A to have a better effect on the piece of wood, especially during the autoclave treatment.
• the treatment with oil B has also proven particularly effective for hardwoods, for example those with a kiln density of ⁇ 550 kg/m 3 or ⁇ 650 kg/m 3 , such as oak wood.
• oil B post-treatment of the wooden body by impregnation is not necessary for most applications, in particular to provide a water-repellent and/or haptically attractive wooden surface. As a result, it is usually not necessary to re-oil the wooden body.
• the surface of the wooden body when using the oil B after carrying out step c) has a particularly pleasant feel and is particularly smooth.
• the wood surface does not feel greasy, even if the oil A used is one which does not at least essentially harden when steps a) and b) are carried out.
• the wood pore-closing component B of the oil B preferably has a melting point of ⁇ 180° C. or ⁇ 140° C., preferably ⁇ 120° C. or ⁇ 100° C.
• Component B can be softened at the maximum temperature of the autoclave treatment, in particular manually kneadable or be at least partially or completely liquid. It has been found to be preferable, particularly with regard to the pore-closing properties, if component B, which closes the wood pores, has a melting point of ⁇ 40° or ⁇ 50°, for example also ⁇ 60° or ⁇ 70°.
• This application of oil B is particularly preferred in the case of hardwoods with a high kiln density, such as oak or tropical woods. As a result, the formation of cracks, including the formation of micro-cracks, fraying of the wood and other surface defects during the pressing process are significantly reduced or almost completely avoided.
• the wood pore-closing component B can in particular be a wax or contain a wax.
• the waxes of oil B can have a melting point as indicated above.
• Natural hard waxes have proven to be particularly preferred, such as caranuba wax, candellila wax, or other corresponding natural waxes, optionally also beeswax, with caranuba wax, for example, being more preferred due to its higher melting point. If necessary, microwaxes, paraffin waxes or the like can also be used.
• the advantages of the treatment with oil B are already apparent when the oil B contains the corresponding wood pore-closing component B, in particular in the form of waxes, in a content of ⁇ 1-2% by weight or ⁇ 3% by weight % or ⁇ 4% by weight, the content of component B, in particular wax, in the oil can be ⁇ 20% or ⁇ 15%, for example also ⁇ 10%, without being restricted thereto.
• the oil B can contain other components such as vegetable oils, fatty acids, essential oils, balsamic resins, ISO paraffins or the like, also in combination with one another.
• composition of oil B can at least essentially correspond to that of oil A.
• the wooden body is treated with the oil B after the oil A has acted on the wooden body for a period of ⁇ 5 minutes or ⁇ 10 minutes, particularly preferably approx. 30-90 minutes or possibly longer has.
• the oil A can already penetrate to a certain depth into the wood body, which results in the advantages according to the invention in a special way.
• the treatment of the wooden body with the oil B preferably takes place within a period of ⁇ 5-6 hours or ⁇ 4 hours, for example ⁇ 2.5 hours, after the wooden body has been exposed to the oil A.
• the time interval Z1 between the application of the oil B and the application of the oil A to the wooden body is substantially smaller than the time interval Z2 between the application of the oil B and the introduction of the wooden body into the autoclave; the time interval Z1 is preferably ⁇ 50% or ⁇ 25%, particularly preferably ⁇ 10% of the time interval Z2.
• the wood pores of the same are at least partially closed by the components of the oil B, so that any volatile components of the oil A volatilize to a significantly lesser extent and/or components of the oil A that dry in the air, such as unsaturated fatty acids and/or unsaturated fatty acid esters do not set or solidify as quickly.
• the treatment of the wooden body in the autoclave can thus be carried out more effectively, for example with a greater reduction in volume and/or more detailed fidelity of introduced surface embossing.
• the treatment of the wooden body in the autoclave can also be used for a lower period.
• the oil B is preferably applied to the wooden body for a period of ⁇ 2 hours or ⁇ 4 hours, preferably ⁇ 8 hours or ⁇ 12 hours, for example approx. 20 hours, before the wooden body is subjected to process step b).
• the oils A and B can be drawn into the wood body in a particularly favorable manner, which has proven to be particularly effective in achieving the advantages according to the invention.
• the oil A and/or the oil B is preferably not layer-forming when applied to the wooden body, i.e. it does not form a surface layer that hardens or has hardened on the surface of the wooden body, such as a varnish, but rather penetrates the wood, preferably completely.
• component (i) and/or component (ii) of Oil A is non-coating when applied to the wood body.
• Oil A and/or oil B is preferably not water-based, i.e. it preferably has a water content of ⁇ 40% by weight, preferably ⁇ 20% by weight or ⁇ 10% by weight, particularly preferably ⁇ 5% by weight. % or ⁇ 2% by weight is more preferably practically anhydrous. This promotes the oil A or B being drawn into the wood body and in particular the reaction of the oil components, in particular the oil components (i) and/or (ii) with the wood components such as lignin, in order to cause the wood body to soften in step b). can.
• the oil A and/or the oil B can also be used as an aqueous emulsion.
• the wooden body treated in an autoclave at a temperature of 60°C to 180°C in an atmosphere containing steam.
• the treatment temperature is in the range of 70-160°C, more preferably in the range of 80-140°C, for example 90-120°C.
• the oil A or the oils A and B can soften the wooden body in a particularly effective manner in order to bring about a reduction in volume and/or the imprinting of surface structures during the pressing process.
• too high treatment temperatures of the piece of wood are avoided. It has been found that the mentioned temperature selection also avoids cracks such as visible cracks, micro-cracks, fraying of the piece of wood and the like, and a particularly well-behaved wood surface can thus be achieved during the pressing process.
• Step b) is preferably carried out in the autoclave at a pressure of ⁇ 5 bar, preferably ⁇ 3 bar.
• the autoclave pressure is particularly preferably ⁇ 2 bar, in particular also ⁇ 1.8 bar or ⁇ 1.6 bar.
• the autoclave pressure is preferably greater than 1 bar, ie excess pressure compared to atmospheric pressure, preferably ⁇ 1.05 bar or ⁇ 1.1 bar or ⁇ 1.2 bar, typically 1.1-1.5 bar. Under certain circumstances, the autoclave pressure can also be approx. 1 bar.
• the stated pressure is generally understood to be absolute pressure. It has been found that the advantages according to the invention in relation to the wood body produced result in a special way with these prints.
• the autoclave When carrying out step b), the autoclave preferably has an atmosphere containing water vapor, with a water saturation of >15%, preferably >35% or >50%, particularly preferably ⁇ 75% or ⁇ 85%, more preferably the atmosphere is practical fully saturated with water vapor.
• the stated water vapor saturation generally relates to the saturation under the respective autoclave conditions.
• the specified percentage of water vapor saturation corresponds to the relative humidity under the respective autoclave conditions. It has been found that the water vapor atmosphere results in the advantages of the method according to the invention through the action of oil A or oils A and B in a particular way, to a greater extent as the water vapor saturation of the atmosphere increases.
• the water vapor atmosphere in the autoclave can be controlled accordingly and is preferably set or regulated to a predefined water vapor saturation, in particular maximum water vapor saturation. This has proven particularly advantageous in the case of hardwoods in particular.
• a wooden body is preferably provided for carrying out step a), which has a residual moisture content of ⁇ 25% or ⁇ 20%, particularly preferably ⁇ 15%, more preferably ⁇ 12%, for example in the range of 6-12%.
• the residual moisture content of the wood can be ⁇ 2% or ⁇ 4%, it being advantageous to present a wooden body with a residual moisture content that is not too low in order to avoid cracking during the deformation process or in a subsequent step such as cooling the wooden body. It has been found that the use of the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous in order to provide high-quality wood surfaces or pieces of wood which are free of cracks, fraying or the like and thus have particularly smooth surfaces as the product of the process.
• the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for deforming wooden bodies with the residual moisture mentioned, so that drying of the wood is no longer necessary after step c) has been carried out.
• the wooden body after carrying out step c) can thus already have the residual moisture required for usable wood, for example in the range of 6-12%.
• the residual moisture content of the wood can generally be determined within the scope of the invention according to DIN-EN 13183-1, 2002 version.
• the above-mentioned residual moisture content of the wooden body also preferably corresponds to the residual moisture content of the wooden body when it is placed in the autoclave.
• the dwell time of the piece of wood in the autoclave can be dimensioned particularly short in the method according to the invention, which results in a particularly economical procedure.
• the length of stay can typically be considered the conditions such as temperature, pressure and water vapor saturation and the type of wood in the range from 10 minutes to 1 hour, for example approx. 30 minutes, often only 5 minutes or even less if the desired deformation or indentation depths are very small, without being limited to this be. It goes without saying that, particularly in the case of hardwoods, the aim should not be too short a period of time.
• the residence time in the autoclave can typically be 0.5 to 5 minutes, often less than 3 minutes or less than 2 minutes, typically in the range of 1 minute.
• the offset thus corresponds to the uniform cross-sectional reduction of the wooden body during the pressing process over the specified cross-sectional area.
• the press-in depth with a reduction in volume can generally be ⁇ 1-2 centimeters or ⁇ 3 centimeters, possibly also up to 5 centimeters or possibly even more, without being limited to this. It goes without saying that depth profiles with a corresponding profile depth can also be pressed into the piece of wood in one process step.
• the deformation of the wood body carried out by volume reduction can thus generally amount to a large-area, continuous offset in the range of centimeters offset, also with depth profiles.
• the pressing jaws of the pressing tool can also lie against the surface of the piece of wood over the entire surface and without a gap.
• Large-volume wooden bodies can thus be processed, such as furniture parts such as armrests or backrests of chairs or the like, handles such as tools or knives or the like.
• the implementation of the deformation of the piece of wood can at suitable devices within the autoclave, or the piece of wood can be removed from the autoclave and fed to a separate device for deforming the same, for example for compression with a reduction in volume and/or embossing of surface structures. It should be ensured that the piece of wood does not cool down too much; the piece of wood should preferably have a temperature of ⁇ 65° C., preferably ⁇ 70° C., if necessary ⁇ 75° C., when the deformation process is being carried out. For carrying out the deformation process, it is sufficient or even advantageous if the temperature of the piece of wood is not higher than the autoclave temperature. This prevents the piece of wood from solidifying under excessive cooling, which would make deformation more difficult.
• the pressure to be applied during the deformation process depends on the type of wood selected for the piece of wood and the deformation to be carried out, typically this can be a pressure of 10-300 kg/cm 2 or 20-200 kg/cm 2 , but is not limited to this .
• the pressing process can be carried out in the range of minutes or less than 1 minute with press-in depths in the centimeter range.
• oils A that can be used according to the invention are available, for example, as porous wood primers, and oils B are variously available as hard wax oils for treating wood.
• compositions of Oil A and Oil B according to the invention are as follows, without being limited to these:
• An oil B is commercially available, for example, as a hardwax oil for treating wood.
• Oil B can contain a maximum of 700g/litre of volatile organic components (VOC), for example approx. 400-500g/litre, in particular according to the EU limit value cat. A7f.
• VOC volatile organic components
• Oil B has a dynamic viscosity of approx. 50 mPas at 23°C.
• the wooden body is cuboid as a test body, here as an example with edge lengths of 5 cm x 5 cm x 20 cm.
• the wooden body consists of hardwoods which are difficult to deform, such as oak, walnut, ash, maple, elm, beech or the like, in particular oak.
• the wooden body Before treatment with oil A, the wooden body has a residual moisture content of approx. 10%.
• the pressing-in takes place during the pressing process with the introduction of a height profile, with the areas of maximum height having a height difference of 1.25 cm from the areas of minimum height.
• the profile runs essentially linearly between the areas of maximum height and minimum height, ie in the transition areas of the same.
• the areas of maximum height and minimum height are arranged alternately to one another. All of the areas of maximum height, the areas of minimum height and the transition areas between these each have the same longitudinal extent over the length of the wood body.
• the areas of minimum and the areas of maximum inset depth each extend over t 25% of the wood body surface.
• Embossing process Embossing a stamp with a delicate pattern with a resolution of the surface structure in the range of 0.1-0.5 mm, for example in the form of a coin, over a continuous square area of 50 cm x 50 cm
• the embossing process can take place alternatively or in combination with the pressing of the test specimen with a strong reduction in volume according to variant a).
• the stamp causing the deformation lies flat, preferably over the entire surface, on the surface of the piece of wood during the deformation of the wooden body, with the profile depth of the stamp generally being less or significantly less than over the entire stamp surface within the scope of the invention
• the pressing depth of the stamp into the piece of wood can be, for example, about 25% or about 50% or about 75% of the same.
• the wood body is treated with oil A according to Example 1 under the process conditions indicated for the treatment, without treatment with oil B, and then subjected to the indicated conditions of autoclaving and the deformation process, in particular high-shrinkage pressing or embossing processes.
• the wooden body can be pressed with plane-parallel surfaces or alternatively with a height profile, each with approx. 70% of the maximum inset depth of 2.5 cm, without visible crack formation and with regard to a manually palpable roughness with a good surface and without significant fraying.
• the profile depressions have an offset of approx. 70% of the maximum offset.
• the wooden body accepts the embossing structure well in the embossing process.
• the wood body surface feels slightly oily, which is useful for some applications, for other applications, where one for a manual handling or tactile special advantageous surface is desired, but requires after-treatment, in particular to improve the surface feel or to reduce the oiliness of the surface.
• the wooden body has an increased residual moisture content and must be dried again to make it usable.
• the wooden body can be pressed with plane-parallel surfaces or alternatively with a height profile, each with up to approx. 75-80% of the maximum inset depth of 2.5 cm, without visible cracking.
• the profile depressions When pressing with a height profile, the profile depressions have an offset of approx. 75-80% of the maximum offset.
• the surface of the wood piece has a smoother touch than that in Embodiment 1.
• the surface of the wood has a very good haptic, comfortable feeling and feels dry and not oily.
• the wooden body has a lower residual moisture than in embodiment 1, here of about 12%, and does not need to be dried.
• the wooden body can be pressed with plane-parallel surfaces or alternatively with a height profile, with a significantly lower offset without visible cracking, here of approx. 55% of the maximum offset of 2.5 cm.
• the profile depressions have an offset of approx. 55% of the maximum offset.
• the embossing structures show good fidelity to detail, but slightly worse than in embodiment 2.
• the surface of the piece of wood has a slightly rougher surface than in embodiment 2, but smoother than in embodiment 1.
• the wood surface has a very good haptic, pleasant feel and feels dry.
• the wooden body has a lower residual moisture than in embodiment 1, here of about 12%, and does not need to be dried.
• the wooden body can be pressed with plane-parallel surfaces or alternatively with a height profile up to the maximum inset depth of 100%, i.e. to approx. 2.5 cm, without visible cracking.
• the profile depressions When pressing with a height profile, the profile depressions have an indentation depth of approx. 2.5 cm.
• the embossing structures have a very high level of detail, better than in exemplary embodiment 2.
• the surface of the piece of wood has a very smooth, practically optimal surface.
• the wooden surface has a very good haptic, pleasant feeling and feels dry.
• the wooden body has a residual moisture content of approx. 12% and does not need to be dried afterwards.
• the wooden bodies have very good water-repellent properties with increased long-term stability.
• example 1 using the oil according to example 4, i.e. olive oil, without using oil B, under otherwise the same treatment conditions, autoclave treatment and implementation of the deformation process as in example 1.
• the attention to detail in the embossing process is similar to example 1.
• the wooden body can be pressed with plane-parallel surfaces or alternatively with a height profile, each with up to approx. 60-65% of the maximum inset depth of 2.5 cm, without visible cracking.
• the profile depressions When pressing with a height profile, the profile depressions have an offset of approx. 60-65% of the maximum offset.
• the crack-free press-in depth is therefore somewhat less than in exemplary embodiment 1.
• the surface of the piece of wood feels significantly rougher than in exemplary embodiment 1 and shows little fraying.
• the wooden surface has a very good haptic feeling, but worse than in embodiment 1.
• the surface still feels oily and sticky and requires a post-treatment such as impregnation for high-quality applications such as manually handled tool parts such as knife handles.
• the wooden body has a similar residual moisture content as in example 1.
• the wooden body has a significantly lower softening in relation to the depth profile of the wooden body than in embodiment 1, essentially only over less than half the depth extension into the wooden body.
• the softening of the wood body takes place only over about 40% to 45% of the depth as in embodiment 4, ie about 40-45% of the maximum pressing depth.
• the press-in depth without visually recognizable crack formation is therefore only about 40-45% of the maximum press-in depth according to exemplary embodiment 4.
• the pressing-in of the profile according to the described variant of the press-in test takes place with crack formation. Embossing a stamp with a delicate pattern results in only a blurred embossing contour.
• the surface of the wooden body after step c) feels distinctly oily to greasy and unacceptable for manual handling. The surface shows clear fraying and requires mechanical post-processing such as grinding. After step c), the wooden body has a high residual moisture content of approx. 18% and requires drying. Furthermore, white oils are harmful to health and, as mineral oil products, are not renewable raw materials
• the wooden body In terms of roughness, haptics and water-repellent properties, the wooden body also has a poorer appearance than in exemplary embodiment 1 and has a greater tendency to fray. The wooden body feels very greasy. The wooden body has a high level of residual moisture and must be dried afterwards.
• Example 1 but instead of oil A, a lower alcohol such as methanol/ethanol is used under otherwise the same process conditions.
• a lower alcohol such as methanol/ethanol is used under otherwise the same process conditions.
• a softening of the wooden body is found, but over a much smaller depth than when using oil A according to embodiment 1.
• the wooden body softens only over about 40% of the depth as in embodiment 4, i.e. about 40% of the maximum pressing depth .
• the press-in depth without crack formation recognizable by visual inspection is therefore only about 40% of the maximum press-in depth according to exemplary embodiment 4.
• the wooden body shows clear to severe fraying. In the case of compression as in exemplary embodiment 1, there are severe cracks in the wood body and this is not fit for use.
• the pressing of the profile according to the described variant of the pressing test takes place with crack formation, the embossing of a stamp with a delicate pattern only results in a blurred embossing contour, in each case with somewhat poorer results than according to comparative example 1.
• the wooden body is very strongly faded and unsightly, at least superficially after the autoclave treatment and therefore from the surface impression for all applications in which the wooden body should have a wood look can not be used.
• the wooden body has a high level of residual moisture and must be dried afterwards.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

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Citations (7)

• 2021
  • 2021-09-02 EP EP21194498.8A patent/EP4144496A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (7)

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