EP1678725A2 - Utilisation de carbonates mixtes frittes pour le confinement de carbone radioactif - Google Patents
Utilisation de carbonates mixtes frittes pour le confinement de carbone radioactifInfo
- Publication number
- EP1678725A2 EP1678725A2 EP04805766A EP04805766A EP1678725A2 EP 1678725 A2 EP1678725 A2 EP 1678725A2 EP 04805766 A EP04805766 A EP 04805766A EP 04805766 A EP04805766 A EP 04805766A EP 1678725 A2 EP1678725 A2 EP 1678725A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radioactive carbon
- carbonate
- carbon
- alkaline
- radioactive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002083 X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 Ba (OH) 2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-NJFSPNSNSA-N Carbon-14 Chemical compound [14C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYXPMWYHEBGTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Omeprazole sodium Chemical compound [Na+].N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2[N-]C=1S(=O)CC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C RYXPMWYHEBGTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWBWGPRZOYDADH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Na] Chemical compound [C].[Na] GWBWGPRZOYDADH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Inorganic materials [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004689 octahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of sintered mixed carbonates for the confinement of radioactive carbon, as well as to a radioactive carbon confinement process using these mixed carbonates.
- the radioactive carbon in 13 C and essentially 1 C form, is generated during the irradiation of fuels, and released in gaseous form (CO or C0 2 ) during the various stages of reprocessing of spent fuels. Gaseous releases can represent 30% of the overall radiological impact of a radioactive waste reprocessing site on the environment.
- gaseous forms can represent 30% of the overall radiological impact of a radioactive waste reprocessing site on the environment.
- the present invention uses these radioactive carbonates by their carbon. Due to its long half-life period (5740 years), contamination of the environment by 14 C lasts for many years. It is therefore necessary to have effective means of conditioning this carbon. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART Currently, only two types of matrices have already been used for carbon conditioning: bitumen matrices and cement matrices. Bitumen matrices were used for coating carbonate effluents of the sodium carbon type in the case of effluent treatment from the period 1966-1971. It is therefore a proven technology. In terms of process, the safety of the carbonate coatings with bitumen cannot be called into question due to the absence of an exothermic reaction between the salt and the matrix.
- Bitumen coating has many disadvantages, however. In fact, the bitumen has a reduced irradiation stability, the mechanical strength of the bitumens is very low due to its high creep, and the volume of waste generated by this matrix is very large, of the order of 14 liters for 1 kg of carbon to confine. In addition, this coating is sensitive to fire (risk of flammability), which poses a significant problem in the storage of radioactive waste. Today, it is the coating of carbonate in a cement matrix which is generally used as a conditioning matrix for carbon.
- the main advantage of the cement matrix is that it benefits from feedback from Sella Field and specific studies concerning the behavior of carbonates in this matrix.
- the main drawback of this type of cement matrix is its poorer chemical durability. It is mainly applied to the case of waste intended for a surface storage center of the type of that of the National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste (ANDRA) in Aube.
- ANDRA Radioactive Waste
- the volumes obtained will be too large.
- the volume of waste generated by this matrix in fact of the order of 12 liters for 1 kg of carbon to be confined. From the results currently available for this type of matrix, it appears that conditioning would be possible in the form of calcium carbonate in cements generally with a coating rate of between 30 and 35% by mass.
- the object of the present invention is precisely to provide a solution to the numerous aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art by proposing new packaging matrices which are more efficient in terms of volume of waste created and also in terms of chemical durability.
- the present invention relates to the use of a mixed carbonate of formula AB (C0 3 ) (n + m) / 2 whose sintering temperature is lower than the decarbonation temperature of the mixed carbonate and whose hardness is higher or equal to 4 on the Mohs scale, in which A and B are different and chosen from alkali metals, alkaline earths and rare earths, and in which and n and m are positive integers such as the charge of AB (CO3) ( n + m ) 2 is neutral, for the confinement of radioactive carbon.
- the present invention also relates to a method for confining radioactive carbon comprising the following steps: a) mixing: C0 2 having a radioactive carbon to be confined, or a simple carbonate of an alkali, alkaline-earth or rare earth metal having radioactive carbon to confine; with an aqueous solution of a mixture ACl n and BCl m or with an aqueous solution of a mixture A (0H) n and B (0H) m to obtain a precipitate of AB (C0 3 ) ( n + m) / 2 where A and B are different and chosen from alkali metals, alkaline earths and rare earths, and n and m are positive integers such as the charge of ACl n , BCl ra , A (OH) n / B (OH) m and AB (C0 3 ) ( n + m) / 2 is neutral; b) recovering the precipitate of AB (C0 3 ) 2 obtained in step a) in
- a and B can advantageously be chosen from Na, K, Ca, Ba, Mg and Sr. Indeed, these elements are readily available and have a reduced cost.
- radioactive carbon in the form of C0 2 present in gaseous effluents for example from installations for the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuels, there are different methods of trapping. The most common processes are as follows: (double alkali process), direct reaction process on a hydroxide, and gas-solid process. These processes are known to those skilled in the art. Briefly: 1) In the “Double alkali process”, the C0 2 is first trapped in the form of sodium carbonate in a packed column sprinkled with soda, for example 4 N.
- This sodium carbonate then reacts in a reactor with calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate which is the chemical form useful in the process of the invention for the storage of carbon 14.
- the trapping of C0 2 is carried out according to the following reactions: 2 NaOH + C0 2 ⁇ Na 2 C0 3 + H 2 0
- M being chosen from alkali metals, alkaline earths and rare earths, and n being a positive integer such as the charge of M ( OH) n and M 2 / n C0 3 is neutral.
- M is for example chosen from Na, K, Ca, Ba, Mg and Sr.
- the chemical reaction used is the same as for the process using an aqueous suspension. Only the technique of contact between reagents is different since for this process, the gas is brought directly into contact with the solid reagent.
- the simple carbonate of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or of rare earth, of which the radioactive carbon is to be confined can be obtained by trapping of radioactive carbon, in the form of C0 2 , from a gaseous effluent, said trapping being advantageously chosen from a double alkaline process, a direct reaction process on a hydroxide, and a gas-solid process.
- a first way of implementing the process of the invention for manufacturing sintered mixed carbonate of type AB (C0) 2 may consist in step a) of the process of reacting at room temperature Na 2 C ⁇ 3 , obtained for example by one of the aforementioned methods, dissolved in water, with an aqueous solution of ACl n + BCl n , for example CaCl 2 + BaCl2 dissolved in water, in stoichiometric molar proportions.
- These proportions are for example: 2 moles of Na 2 C0 3 + 1 mole of CaCl 2 + 1 mole of BaCl 2 give 1 mole of BaCa (C0 3 ) 2 + 4 moles of NaCl.
- a second way of implementing the process of the invention for manufacturing sintered mixed carbonate of type AB (C ⁇ 3) 2 can consist in reacting a 2 C ⁇ 3, obtained for example by one of the aforementioned processes, dissolved in water with an aqueous solution of A (OH) n + B (0H) n , for example Ca (0H) 2 + Ba (0H) 2 dissolved in water, in stoichiometric molar proportions.
- a third way of implementing the method of the invention for manufacturing sintered mixed carbonate of type AB (C0 3 ) 2 can consist in reacting directly C0 2, including carbon radiative is to be confined with a mixture of hydroxides A (0H) n + B (0H) n , with A and B as defined above, to form the mixed carbonate.
- This reaction can be carried out for example by a gas-solid process as described above (process 3) for trapping the gaseous CO2).
- step b) of the process of the invention may consist, for example, of carrying out a solid-liquid separation, for example by simple filtration, in order to recover the mixed carbonate in the form of powder.
- the powder obtained can be rinsed according to step c).
- This rinsing is preferably carried out with ultra pure distilled water.
- Pressing and sintering can be carried out at any pressure, temperature and duration of sintering suitable for obtaining a sintered mixed carbonate, provided that the temperature is lower than the decarbonation temperature of the synthesized mixed carbonate. Indeed, below 500 ° C, no sintering is observed, or the treatment time is too long. From 680 ° C, a phenomenon of decarbonation is observed which is opposed to the expected confinement.
- the pressing can advantageously be carried out at a pressure ranging from 10 to 20 MPa, and the sintering advantageously at a temperature ranging from 500 ° C to a temperature below 680 ° C for 1 to 3 hours.
- the pressing can be carried out at a pressure of 14 to 16 MPa, and the sintering at a temperature of 550 to 600 ° C for 1 hour 45 minutes at 2 hours 30 minutes. More preferably, the pressing can be carried out at a pressure of 15 MPa, and the sintering at a temperature of 580 ° C for 2 hours.
- pressing carried out under the aforementioned conditions of the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain pellets advantageously having a densification greater than 90%, a high hardness situated between 4 and 4.5 on the Mohs scale, at know a hardness between fluorite and apatite, and a carbon content between 7 and 10% by mass for a density of 3.7, which results in a volume of 3.3 liters of waste to confine 1 kg of carbon.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to confine the radioactive carbon directly to a sintered carbonate without coating.
- the mixed carbonates of the present invention advantageously have the following properties: - high decarbonation temperatures, greater than 300 ° C, to meet the criteria defined for the storage of radioactive waste; - they are not soluble in water which makes it possible to avoid leaching phenomena, - they have a high hardness, greater than or equal to 4; - They have sintering temperatures lower than the decarbonation temperature of the synthesized mixed carbonate.
- the volume of waste generated by a sintered carbonate according to the present invention is of the order of 3 liters for 1 kg of carbon to be confined, depending on the carbonate used. This volume is much lower than those obtained with the methods of the prior art.
- FIGURES - Figure 1 is an X-ray spectrum (Intensity (I) (strokes) (in ua) as a function of the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ °) of an alstonite ceramic obtained according to the present invention
- Figure 2 is an ATD / ATG spectrum (dilatometric analyzer) showing that the decarbonation of a BaCa (003) 2 powder begins at 680 ° C.
- F heat flow
- P mass loss
- Curve 1 represents differential thermal analysis (ATD) (heat flux)
- curve 2 represents gravitational thermal analysis (ATG) (loss of mass)
- curve 3 represents the interpretation of the loss of mass.
- - Figure 3 is an image of a material according to the invention obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The magnification scale is indicated on the photo .
- Example 1 case of a mixed carbonate BaCa (C0 3 ) 2 - 21.198 g of Na 2 C0 3 are dissolved in 1 liter of water in beaker No. 1. 48.85 g of BaCl 2 + 22.196 g of CaCl 2 are dissolved in 2 liters of water in beaker No. 2. The contents of the two beakers are then mixed. A precipitate is obtained. The precipitate obtained is filtered and then rinsed three times with ultra-pure distilled water. The powder obtained is the desired mixed carbonate, namely BaCa (C0 3 ) 2 . The decarbonation of this powder
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0312591A FR2861494B1 (fr) | 2003-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Utilisation de carbonates mixtes frittes pour le confinement de carbone radioactif. |
| PCT/FR2004/050523 WO2005043554A2 (fr) | 2003-10-28 | 2004-10-21 | Utilisation de carbonates mixtes frittes pour le confinement de carbone radioactif |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1678725A2 true EP1678725A2 (fr) | 2006-07-12 |
| EP1678725B1 EP1678725B1 (fr) | 2012-10-31 |
Family
ID=34400846
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04805766A Expired - Lifetime EP1678725B1 (fr) | 2003-10-28 | 2004-10-21 | Utilisation de carbonates mixtes frittes pour le confinement de carbone radioactif |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7608209B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1678725B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4613170B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR101154668B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1836294B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2861494B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2005043554A2 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101743046A (zh) | 2007-06-28 | 2010-06-16 | 卡勒拉公司 | 包括碳酸盐化合物沉淀的脱盐方法和系统 |
| US7753618B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2010-07-13 | Calera Corporation | Rocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same |
| CN101687648B (zh) | 2007-12-28 | 2015-01-28 | 卡勒拉公司 | 封存co2的方法 |
| US20100239467A1 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2010-09-23 | Brent Constantz | Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides |
| US7754169B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2010-07-13 | Calera Corporation | Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides |
| US7749476B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2010-07-06 | Calera Corporation | Production of carbonate-containing compositions from material comprising metal silicates |
| MX2010012947A (es) * | 2008-05-29 | 2011-04-27 | Calera Corp | Rocas y agregados y metodos para obtener y usar los mismos. |
| US7993500B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2011-08-09 | Calera Corporation | Gas diffusion anode and CO2 cathode electrolyte system |
| EP2245214B1 (fr) | 2008-07-16 | 2014-10-15 | Calera Corporation | Système et méthode électrochimique pour utilisation du co2 |
| CN101984749B (zh) | 2008-07-16 | 2015-02-18 | 卡勒拉公司 | 使用二氧化碳气体的低能量4-电池电化学系统 |
| CN101868806A (zh) | 2008-09-11 | 2010-10-20 | 卡勒拉公司 | 二氧化碳商品交易系统和方法 |
| US8869477B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2014-10-28 | Calera Corporation | Formed building materials |
| US7939336B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2011-05-10 | Calera Corporation | Compositions and methods using substances containing carbon |
| TW201026597A (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-07-16 | Calera Corp | CO2-sequestering formed building materials |
| US7815880B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-10-19 | Calera Corporation | Reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions |
| US9133581B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2015-09-15 | Calera Corporation | Non-cementitious compositions comprising vaterite and methods thereof |
| EP2620207A3 (fr) | 2008-10-31 | 2013-09-18 | Calera Corporation | Compositions non cimentaires comprenant des additifs séquestrant du CO2 |
| CN101878327A (zh) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-11-03 | 卡勒拉公司 | 低能电化学氢氧根系统和方法 |
| US8834688B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2014-09-16 | Calera Corporation | Low-voltage alkaline production using hydrogen and electrocatalytic electrodes |
| BRPI1009150A2 (pt) | 2009-03-02 | 2016-03-01 | Calera Corp | sistemas de controle de multi-poluentes de fluxos de gás e métodos |
| US8137444B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2012-03-20 | Calera Corporation | Systems and methods for processing CO2 |
| US7993511B2 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-08-09 | Calera Corporation | Electrochemical production of an alkaline solution using CO2 |
| KR102187878B1 (ko) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-12-08 | 한국원자력연구원 | 광물 탄산화 방법 및 장치 |
| KR102458860B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-29 | 2022-10-26 | 한국원자력연구원 | 모듈식 배가스 처리장치 |
| CN113388887B (zh) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-03-29 | 贵州师范学院 | 一种高温高压合成三方钡钙石BaCa(CO3)2晶体的方法 |
| JP2024042787A (ja) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-29 | 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 | 汚染水の放射性炭素除去方法および除去システム |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4061700A (en) * | 1975-09-10 | 1977-12-06 | General Electric Company | Fugitive binder for nuclear fuel materials |
| DE2945771A1 (de) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-05-21 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Verfahren zur beseitigung von in kernkraftwerken entstehenden radioaktiven kohlenstoff |
| EP0055996B1 (fr) * | 1980-12-22 | 1984-10-10 | T And R Chemicals, Inc. | Traitement anti-thrombotique |
| US4492649A (en) * | 1982-01-15 | 1985-01-08 | Cheh Christopher H | Carbon dioxide removal method employing packed solid calcium hydroxide |
| JPH02112796A (ja) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-04-25 | Nippon Atom Ind Group Co Ltd | 放射性気体廃棄物処理装置 |
| JP2854695B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-06 | 1999-02-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 放射性廃棄物の固化処理方法 |
| US5286468A (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1994-02-15 | Ontario Hydro | Producing carbon-14 isotope from spent resin waste |
| JP2738478B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-10 | 1998-04-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 放射性廃液中の放射性核種の分離方法および産業廃液中の有用または有害元素の分離方法 |
| JPH0680476A (ja) | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-22 | Kobe Steel Ltd | アルカリ土類炭酸化合物の焼結方法 |
| GB9426023D0 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1995-02-22 | Bradtec Ltd | Process for decontaminating radioactive materials |
-
2003
- 2003-10-28 FR FR0312591A patent/FR2861494B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-21 JP JP2006537378A patent/JP4613170B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-21 US US10/543,448 patent/US7608209B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-21 WO PCT/FR2004/050523 patent/WO2005043554A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-10-21 EP EP04805766A patent/EP1678725B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-21 KR KR1020057016933A patent/KR101154668B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-21 CN CN2004800033160A patent/CN1836294B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005043554A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1836294A (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
| JP4613170B2 (ja) | 2011-01-12 |
| US7608209B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 |
| WO2005043554A2 (fr) | 2005-05-12 |
| FR2861494B1 (fr) | 2005-12-23 |
| KR20060110739A (ko) | 2006-10-25 |
| FR2861494A1 (fr) | 2005-04-29 |
| US20060195002A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
| EP1678725B1 (fr) | 2012-10-31 |
| KR101154668B1 (ko) | 2012-06-21 |
| JP2007510147A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
| CN1836294B (zh) | 2010-06-30 |
| WO2005043554A3 (fr) | 2005-11-17 |
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