Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
  • C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
  • C02F3/2873—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors with internal draft tube circulation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
  • C02F3/101—Arranged-type packing, e.g. stacks, arrays
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
  • C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
  • C02F3/2846—Anaerobic digestion processes using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
  • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
  • C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
  • C12M25/06—Plates; Walls; Drawers; Multilayer plates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
  • C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
  • C12M27/24—Draft tube
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
  • C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
  • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
  • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
  • B01J2219/32206—Flat sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
  • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
  • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
  • B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
  • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
  • B01J2219/32483—Plastics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/30—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the textile industry
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/32—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

• This invention relates to a reactor and a method for anaerobic wastewater treatment.
• Municipal wastewater is comparatively low contaminated with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of approx. 500 mg / l and is usually treated with aerobic activated sludge processes.
• COD chemical oxygen demand
• UASB Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
• An internal biomass enrichment takes place in UASB reactors in the form of a developing and very well granulating sludge.
• the microorganisms aggregate into so-called pellets. These are aggregates with a size of approx. 1 to 3 mm.
• the reactors are operated in upflow mode, ie the waste water flows through the reactor from bottom to top.
• the metabolic degradation of organic contaminants creates gases that adhere to the pellets in the form of gas bubbles. As a result, the pellets rise which leads to mixing in the system.
• a separator system is provided in the upper area of the UASB reactor, which serves to retain the pellets in the reactor.
• Another high-performance process uses fixed bed reactors, whereby inert carrier materials as beds, packs or also fixed carrier materials, e.g. in the form of plate-shaped carrier elements, colonized by microorganisms.
• inert carrier materials as beds, packs or also fixed carrier materials, e.g. in the form of plate-shaped carrier elements, colonized by microorganisms.
• Such a reactor is described in patent DE 43 09 779 by the same applicant.
• Very heavily polluted wastewater with COD concentrations of over 80 g / l can be treated in fixed bed reactors.
• a disadvantage of the fixed bed reactor is that the costs are high, especially in the case of high-performance carrier materials.
• fluidized bed reactors are also known in which the biomass is immobilized on a fluidized fixed bed, for example activated carbon or sand, which is swirled in the reactor. This requires a high energy requirement to maintain the fluidized bed, which also results in a high load on the reactors.
• the design of fluidized bed reactors is accordingly technically demanding and complex.
• the invention has for its object to provide a reactor and a method for anaerobic wastewater treatment, which is suitable for heavily polluted wastewater and works with little interference and is comparatively inexpensive.
• the reactor can be cylindrical, other reactor geometries are also possible, e.g. cylindrical arrangements with an elliptical or polygonal base or cuboid arrangements.
• the room in the lower area can hold waste water with microorganism pellets suspended in it.
• the microorganisms develop metabolic gases that adhere to the pellets as bubbles and thereby carry the pellets upwards.
• Bacteria of the Gat- are preferred as microorganisms
• a separator system is preferably arranged in the upper area, which retains microorganisms suspended in the waste water in the reactor.
• the reactor preferably has a recirculation system, which has an extractor for waste water and a feeder for waste water for discharging the flow into the central flow channel.
• the extractor preferably comprises a gap between two plattenar- 125 • term elements and a beginning in the intermediate space conduit has.
• the discharge system for the final discharge of treated wastewater is positioned a little above the extractor of the recirculation system.
• the sepaprator system can be used to separate the gases 135 generated as well as to retain the biomass.
• the separator system preferably has a partition wall at a distance above the upper end of the central flow channel, which covers a large part of the reactor cross section and leaves an outer annular surface free.
• the extractor of the recirculation system is preferably positioned on the top of the partition. In the space above the tapping point of the recirculation system, a flow-calmed zone is created that supports the discharge of treated waste water without biomass discharge, especially since - as mentioned above - it is preferred that the discharge system for the final discharge of treated waste water is one piece is positioned above the extractor of the recirculation system.
• the partition of the separator system preferably runs in some areas non-horizontally and forms a gas collection space in a highest area.
• the partition wall - roughly speaking - runs obliquely outwards downwards and obliquely inwards downwards.
• a first discharge line 165 for gas formed in the reactor preferably begins in the upper region of the reactor.
• a second discharge line for gas formed in the reactor begins in the area of the partition.
• Support elements are provided in the reactor.
• the carrier elements can be designed in the form of plates.
• the carrier elements are preferably arranged parallel to one another.
• the plates can be arranged in packages, the plates being arranged within the packages in the tangential direction of the reactor.
• the support elements are arranged above the space in the lower area, 175 so that the pellets floating upward flow between the plates.
• microorganism growth forms on the support elements. It is preferred that there is a distance of 3-6 cm, preferably 3.5-5.5 cm, between the carrier elements.
• the carrier elements can consist of an inert material with a large surface. They preferably consist of a flow-porous material.
• the carrier elements particularly preferably consist essentially of plastic particles and expanded clay particles combined with one another. Polyethylene particles are preferred, with other plastics being possible.
• 185 gansimes can settle in the pores of the expanded clay and in the pores between the particles and form a film-like or lawn-like growth on the carrier elements.
• the microorganism film is destroyed.
• the microorganisms can quickly get out of the pores of the porous carrier material
• the plates of the support elements can be coated with a variety of microorganisms, e.g. Bacteria to be colonized. It is possible to populate the carrier elements with different species at the same time.
• the carrier elements can be populated with the same species as free floating aggregates or pellets
• the carrier elements can be populated with other species than those which form or form the pellets. This allows the advantages of the UASB method to be combined with the advantage of a greater variety of usable microorganisms.
• the carrier elements can be populated with sessile microorganisms. In particular, they can be populated with the genera Sytrophobacter, Sytrophomas, Methanotrix, Methanosarcina and Methanococcus.
• the inventors have found that the synergy effects (high performance 205 with stable operation) from the combination of a fixed bed reactor and a UASB reactor already occur with a relatively small proportion of carrier plates based on the reactor volume. It is therefore preferred that the proportion of the reactor volume covered with carrier plates is 15 to 40%. The proportion is particularly preferably 20 to 30%.
• a flow deflector is preferably positioned on the wall in the lower region of the reactor. This flow deflector has the task of releasing the wastewater flow from the reactor wall and directing it to the carrier elements in a more uniform manner.
• the reactor can preferably have at least one propulsion jet outlet which ends below the lower end of the central flow channel. This serves to whirl up microorganisms that have settled on the reactor floor.
• the mouth can have a nozzle at its end
• the object of the invention is further achieved by a method for anaerobic wastewater treatment in a reactor in which wastewater to be treated circulates, such that wastewater
• the microorganisms floating in the treatment room are preferably present in the form of pellets.
• microorganisms suspended in wastewater are retained by a separator system.
• different types of microorganisms can be provided as microorganisms immobilized on the carrier elements on the one hand and as floating microorganisms on the other hand.
• Different species of microorganisms can be found on the carrier elements
• the reactor and process of the present invention can be used to treat waste water, particularly anaerobic treatment of waste water.
• wastewater from the beverage, feed or food industry is treated, such as wastewater from starch-processing plants and plants, beverage companies, breweries, spirits distilleries, dairies, wastewater from meat and 260 fish-processing companies.
• the process according to the invention and the reactor are also suitable for treating waste water from the paper and textile industry.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the reactor for waste water treatment according to the invention.
• FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a waste water extractor of the reactor according to the invention.
• 2B is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of a wastewater extractor of the reactor according to the invention.
• FIG. 2C is a schematic illustration of a further alternative embodiment of a wastewater extractor of the reactor according to the invention.
• 2D is a schematic illustration of an extraction system of the reactor according to the invention.
• An embodiment of the reactor according to the invention was constructed and used for the treatment of waste water in a brewery.
• the schematic structure of the reactor 10 is shown in FIG. 1.
• the reactor is designed as a loop reactor.
• the dimensions of the cylindrical reactor are designed so that the height is between 2.0 and 5.0 m and that the diameter is between 1.5 and 2.5 m.
• the amount of waste water to be treated is between 10 and 20 m 3 / d.
• FIG. 1 290 components in relation to the overall dimensions can be seen from FIG. 1.
• This reactor is for trial operation.
• Technical designs for large-scale reactors have significantly larger dimensions, e.g. 5 to 9 m in diameter and 8 to 12 m in height.
• Other reactor geometries are also possible, e.g. cylindrical arrangements with elliptical or
• the reactor housing 1 1 is, as is known from the prior art, essentially made of stainless steel sheets.
• a central tube 20 is formed in the axial direction, which begins a piece from the upper end of the reactor and opens into the lower region 30.
• the central tube 20 is hexagonal in cross section. This hexagonal shape is inexpensive to manufacture and packages with carrier elements 50 can be arranged to match the hexagonal shape. Other geometries are also possible, for example circular or polygonal with a different number of corners.
• the lower region 30 is designed as a space in which the floating microorganisms are present during operation.
• a central region 40 in which plate-shaped carrier elements 50 are arranged in parallel, so that flow paths in the vertical direction are present between these carrier elements.
• This arrangement of the carrier elements serves as a fixed bed for the settlement of microorganisms.
• the carrier elements are flow-porous and made of a material which is essentially formed from plastic and expanded clay particles combined with one another. Such a material is described in the aforementioned patent DE 43 09 779 by the same applicant.
• the plates preferably have a distance of 3 to 6 cm, in particular a distance of 3.5 to 5.5 cm is preferred.
• the carrier elements viewed in the top view of the reactor cross section, are arranged tangentially in packages which form hexagon segments. Other arrangements are also conceivable, e.g. Arrangements of rectangular packages, packages with the basic shape of a polygon or arrangements with curved plates.
• a separator system 90 is arranged in the reactor, which is formed from inclined guide elements 91, 92, 93, 94.
• These guide elements prevent the discharge of solid particles, for example gas-laden pellets.
• Other arrangements of the line elements are conceivable.
• the guide elements 91, 92, 93, 94 can the top view be modeled on the hexagonal or polygonal fixed bed shape or be round.
• the flow guidance can be seen from the arrows k, I, m, n, o, p, q and r.
• the wastewater to be treated is essentially supplied via the feed line 60 and draws in liquid from the outer space 40 and flows during operation through the central pipe 20 into the lower region 30, where floating microorganisms are present in the form of pellets.
• a partial flow is optionally supplied via the pipe 80 and additionally mixes the lower part of the reactor 30.
• a flow obstacle 120 which runs around the inner reactor wall and is arranged in the lower region 30 of the reactor serves to separate the flow, and the waste water to be treated cannot be preferred Flow on the container wall.
• the microorganisms used belong to the genus Methanotrix.
• the wastewater to be treated is guided past the microorganisms on the carrier elements and brought into contact with them.
• the pellets are retained on a dividing wall formed by guide elements 91, 92, 93, release the gas bubbles due to the agitation occurring on the guide elements and can then return to the lower region through the central pipe 20 due to their higher density than the waste water 30 drop.
• the partition wall forms a gas collection space 96, in which gas collects and can be discharged via a first gas discharge line 98.
• This dividing wall formed from the guide elements 91, 92, 93 covers the majority of the reactor cross section and leaves an annular surface free between its outer edge and the reactor wall. Part of the flow along the support elements is branched off at the outer edge of the partition wall, 91, 92, 93, and is drawn off from the upper region above the partition wall 91, 92, 93 and below the guide elements 94 by a wastewater extractor 100, 101 and via a recirculation system 130 recirculated to the reactor.
• the guide elements 94 form a calming zone in the upper region of the reactor above the 365 partition 91, 92, 93 and above the extractor of the recirculation system, from which waste water treated via an exhaust system 70 can be removed from the reactor.
• the resulting gases can be removed via a second gas discharge line 110 at the upper 370 end of the reactor.
• Preferred taps of the recirculation system are shown in Figures 2A, 2B and 2C.
• Fig. 2A shows the so-called double plate deduction. It consists of two circular plates, one above the other, 40 to 70 mm apart, between which the liquid is drawn off centrally. This arrangement ensures peeling at slow flow speed on the outer periphery of the plates.
• FIG. 2B A ring line with holes is shown in FIG. 2B.
• the holes as shown in FIG. 2, are designed with different sizes.
• FIG. 385 A star-shaped pipe outlet is shown in FIG. 2 C, as a result of which the liquid is withdrawn at six points. If the pipe ends are provided with T-pieces (shown with a broken line), the liquid can be drawn off at 12 points.
• FIG. 2D a fume cupboard system with a submerged flume with flue holes is shown. The size and number of holes are selected so that the treated waste water is evenly discharged.
• Waste water to be fed to the reactor for the first time can be introduced into the system via line 132.
• a portion of the incoming or circulating wastewater is directed via the pipe 80 as a driving jet into the lower region of the reactor in order to whirl up the biomass (the microorganism pellets) present there.
• several propulsion jet orifices can be provided in order to stir up the biomass.

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• 2003
  • 2003-10-29 DE DE2003150502 patent/DE10350502B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2004
  • 2004-10-29 US US10/577,745 patent/US7485228B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-10-29 WO PCT/EP2004/012299 patent/WO2005042418A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2004-10-29 EP EP04791056A patent/EP1678089A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-10-29 JP JP2006527380A patent/JP3989524B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-10-29 CN CNB2004800320451A patent/CN100447099C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-10-29 RU RU2006118344A patent/RU2377191C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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