EP1663899A1 - Procede pour produire un liant hydraulique et un element de construction, utilisation de ces derniers et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents

Procede pour produire un liant hydraulique et un element de construction, utilisation de ces derniers et dispositif correspondant

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Publication number
EP1663899A1
EP1663899A1 EP04764896A EP04764896A EP1663899A1 EP 1663899 A1 EP1663899 A1 EP 1663899A1 EP 04764896 A EP04764896 A EP 04764896A EP 04764896 A EP04764896 A EP 04764896A EP 1663899 A1 EP1663899 A1 EP 1663899A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
binder
sand
fine
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04764896A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Muther
Eduard Buzetzki
Eckehard Maruhn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Silver Cay Worldwide Corp
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT0060903U external-priority patent/AT7308U1/de
Priority claimed from AT0036604U external-priority patent/AT8003U1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1663899A1 publication Critical patent/EP1663899A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
    • C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a hydraulic binder on an inorganic basis according to the preamble of claim 1 and a component and a gas concrete block.
  • the invention also includes a device for carrying out the method and the use of the binder on the one hand and of polyelectrolytes on the other.
  • Concrete is one of the most important building materials and usually consists of a mixture of mineral components - such as sand, gravel or quarry stones - and cement as a binder; the latter sets with the addition of water and creates a kind of conglomerate rock.
  • the most important hydraulic binder for concrete is Portland cement (PZ), which consists of a finely ground mixture of PZ clinker and calcium sulfates - such as gypsum or anhydrite. After mixing with water, it hardens both in air and under water and maintains its strength even under water.
  • Raw materials containing lime and clay - such as limestone, clay, lime marl and clay marl - are mixed with one another in such a way that the raw material mixture in addition to silica (S ⁇ ), alumina (Al 2 0 3 ) and iron oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ) contains between 75 and 79% by weight of lime (CaC0 3 ) from the clay content.
  • the Geraisch is finely ground and then usually heated in rotary kilns with upstream preheating systems of various types until sintering.
  • the Portland cement clinker resulting from this process is then subjected to fine grinding subjected and by admixing additives such as gypsum or the like. processed into Portland cement.
  • cements include, for example, the metallurgical cements - Eisenportlandzement and Hocbiofenzement -, the trass cement and the oil shale cement, which contain various other aggregates for the Portland cement clinker (DIN 1164).
  • Special cements not standardized as cement may include a. Alumina cement, deep drilling cement and swelling cement.
  • the high-quality cements CEM * 42.5 and CEM 52.5 differ from normal cement CEM 32.5 in that they have a different composition and a higher fineness of grinding, which results in faster hardening - not setting - and on standardized test specimens after 28 Days gives the compressive strengths indicated by the numbers.
  • the higher initial strengths of the high-quality cements enable the formwork to be stripped earlier and therefore to be built more quickly.
  • fly ash is used as an additive in the manufacture of concrete; Fly ash is a product that is extracted from the exhaust gas from industrial furnaces or waste incineration plants by means of filter systems, which is carried as combustion residue in the combustion gases, mechanically entrained or condensed from the vapor state when it cools down.
  • calcined ashes and fly ash - for example from industrial furnaces in the paper industry - or slag sands are used.
  • the latter distort when the glowing red-hot blast furnace slag flowing from the slag tapping of the blast furnace is moved into moving water.
  • CEM international term for cement
  • the aim of the invention is to improve the usability of latent hydraulic binders - in particular those based on fly ash, calcined ash or blastfurnace slag and burnt oil shale - for practical use in the construction sector and, in particular, to enable faster hardening.
  • the product is ground by high mechanical loading of the batch in an activator, which among other things results in an increase in the surface area.
  • the globular structures of a fly ash are changed in such a way that an amorphous structure is created.
  • This structure benefits the setting process by interlocking the individual particles and increases the strength values, especially the compressive and bending tensile strengths.
  • the newly created reactive areas of the mixture subsequently increase the total specific surface area of the particles or grains - also called the Blain value.
  • the surface enlargement through the fine grinding on the one hand and the transfer of the particle structures into reactive areas on the other hand result in an overall increase in the Blain value of 8 to 24 times compared to a Portland cement.
  • shock waves continue in the particles, which lead to the fragmentation of the particles into amorphous structures and to disturbances of the lattice structure within the particles.
  • An activator is used as the device for producing this hydraulic binder.
  • This device enables the parameters necessary for activation to be reached at high speeds of the rotating tools up to 250m / sec.
  • the control of the material feed, the air supply, the process heat and the material discharge are of great importance.
  • the design of the tools for the mechanochemical as well as tribomechanical effects is of particular importance.
  • the activator essentially consists of a rotor and a stator, which are held on a machine platform.
  • the arrangement of the axis is vertical. It is driven by an electric motor using a V-belt on the rotor shaft to which the rotor is assigned.
  • the speed of the rotor is infinitely variable via a frequency converter.
  • the tools are exchangeable and adjustable.
  • the products to be activated are fed into the interior of the activator from a silo from above through a metering device by means of a rotary valve.
  • a rotary valve In an annular space or gap released by the rotor and stator, the batch is conveyed downward in a spiral, the air being held in counterflow by the dwell time of the product in this annular space. Also causes this air flow is the removal of excess heat.
  • the individual particles are thrown outwards against the stator by a pulse - caused by the rotor tools.
  • the tools of both the rotor and the stator are permanently coated with a layer of the mixture, so that the particles collide with one another or primarily with this layer.
  • This mutual exposure and the effects achieved thereby - such as plastic deformation, resilience, fragmentation, friction - cause a fundamental change in the physical characteristics of the particles.
  • the mass of the tools contributes significantly to supporting both the momentum and the momentum interruption and the resulting interactions such as reflections between the tools.
  • the chemical composition of the mixtures that can be activated is of a similar order of magnitude to that of the cements.
  • the product manufactured is mainly based on the basis of siliceous fly ash, blastfurnace slag and waste incineration slag.
  • This main component is added with additives - such as calcium oxides, calcium oxides, calcium carbonates and aluminum hydroxide - under oxidative conditions in the activator.
  • additives - such as calcium oxides, calcium oxides, calcium carbonates and aluminum hydroxide - under oxidative conditions in the activator.
  • the supply of oxygen is ensured by air fed into the activator from below.
  • the required proportion of admixture for a hardening time comparable to conventional concrete is in the range of 0.2 to 30 percent by weight with calcium aluminate.
  • the admixtures for sodium aluminate or potassium aluminate are 0.1 to 20 percent by weight.
  • the stated weight percentages relate to the finished binder mixture.
  • Mixtures of calcium aluminate, sodium aluminate or potassium aluminate can, of course, also be used, in which the amount of the respective admixtures is determined in such a way that the ranges of the admixtures specified above are not exceeded.
  • Type A (a) Characteristics • Slow setting based on strength class 32.5 N (> 32.5 N / mm 2 standard strength after 28 days); • compressive strength after 7 days> 16 N / mm 2 ; • E-module is given with the strength class; «High bending tensile strength.
  • Type B (a) character! Stika • Medium-fast setting based on strength class 32.5 R (> 32.5 N / mm 2 standard strength after 28 days); »Compressive strength after 2 Tg> 10 N / mm 2 .
  • Type C (c) Characteristics • Fast setting based on strength class 42.5 R (> 42.5 N / mm 2 standard strength after 28 days); • Compressive strength after 2 Tg> 20 N / mm 2 .
  • these binders can be used in various areas.
  • cationic surfactants it is achieved that after the curing phase, the component produced is waterproof after about 28 days; water is no longer absorbed by the structure of the component.
  • the possible uses include to be seen in the areas of hydraulic engineering, landfill construction, soil remediation, disposal of contaminated sites, etc.
  • this binder can be used in the area of thermally stable building materials such as in the lining of furnaces, converters, etc.
  • thermally stable building materials such as in the lining of furnaces, converters, etc.
  • the binder in the manufacture of aerated concrete. It has been shown here that when aluminum powder (less than 70 micrometers) is added, a closed-pore structure is formed, which corresponds to classic products in terms of strength values, densities, etc.
  • the scope of the invention also includes a method for producing components such as bricks, plates or molded parts for building construction and civil engineering, which should be inexpensive to carry out; the components produced in this way should prove to be resistant to tensile and compressive loads and to weather.
  • a mixture of the same proportions of clay with particle sizes below 100 ⁇ m, fine sand with particle sizes from 100 ⁇ m to 2 mm and sand with particle sizes over 2 mm is mixed in a mixer with polyelectrolytes - preferably polymers or copolymers based of acrylamide - and a hydraulic binder mixed, introduced into molds and pressed at a pressure of at least 40 N / mm 2 .
  • This process is particularly easy to carry out, since on the one hand only low demands are made on the equipment and on the other hand the required proportioning components are easily and cheaply available.
  • Clay is understood to mean that portion of the soil whose grain sizes are below 100 ⁇ m, fine sand that portion with particle sizes of 100 ⁇ m - 2 mm and as sand that part with grain sizes over 2 mm. These parts of clay, fine sand and sand are abundant in soils, although the proportions of clay, fine sand and sand obtained by removing the soil can of course differ in their proportions from the required composition. European soils have a high clay and gravel content, so that sand must be added in this case.
  • the necessary hydraulic binders such as cement, highly hydraulic lime, hydrated lime or fine lime, are also available in abundance and cheaply.
  • the choice of the respective binder and its required admixing amount depend in particular on the exact grain size distribution and moisture of the prepared mixture.
  • the grain size distribution of the processed batch not only the quantity distribution between clay, fine sand and sand content is of interest, but also the grain size distribution within each of these Groups.
  • Basic properties of the prepared batch, such as its compressibility, can already be derived from this.
  • fine lime or hydrated lime generally prove to be suitable as hydraulic binders for carrying out the method according to the invention, although in some cases highly hydraulic lime, cement and bituminous binders can also be used.
  • a polyelectrolyte is a water-soluble ionic polymer that is anionic from polyacids - e.g. polycarboxylic acids - cationic from polybases - e.g. Polyvinylammonium chloride - is formed or is neutral (polyampholytes or polysalts).
  • An example of natural polyelectrolytes are polysaccharides with ionic groups such as carrageenan, but also proteins and long-chain polyphosphates.
  • polyacrylamides are preferably used as polyelectrolytes, that is to say compounds made from monomers based on acrylamide.
  • mixtures of mono- and polymeric polyelectrolytes possibly together with solubilizers, emulsifiers and catalysts, and with admixtures of propylenediamine, dimethylammonium chloride or isopropyl alcohol.
  • mixtures of cationic surfactants can also be introduced.
  • the mixture of clay, fine sand and sand mixture, polyelectrolyte and hydraulic binder is subsequently introduced into molds and pressed at a pressure of at least 40 N / mm 2 .
  • the choice of the pressing pressure influences the ultimate strength of the components, but usually a pressure of 40 - 120 N / mm 2 is sufficient.
  • the polyelectrolyte is admixed with a preferred proportion of 0.001-2% by weight, based on the dry weight of the mixture of clay, fine sand and sand.
  • a styrene-acrylic copoly should be added to the hydraulic binder before adding the hydraulic binder, which is particularly advantageous in wet and salty batches.
  • the objectives of the invention are also achieved by the characterizing features of claim 22.
  • This procedure is particularly advantageous for prepared batches that have low moisture and a high proportion of fine sand.
  • the prepared mixture will be a bitumen emulsion as well as polyelectrolytes, "preferably polymers or copolymers based on acrylamide added.
  • polyelectrolyte in a preferred proportion of 0.001-2% by weight, based on the dry weight of the mixture of clay, fine sand and sand.
  • polyelectrolytes preferably polymers or copolymers based on acrylamide, for the production of structural elements such as bricks, plates or molded parts for building construction and civil engineering.
  • Claim 36 discloses bricks and molded parts for civil engineering, which contain polyelectrolytes, preferably polymers or copolymers based on acrylamide.
  • water-soluble ionic polymers are referred to here as polyelectrolytes, which are formed anionically from polyacids - for example polycarboxylic acids - cationically from polybases - for example polyvinylammonium chloride - or are neutral (polyampholytes or polysalts). It is also conceivable to use mixtures of mono- and polymeric polyelectrolytes, possibly together with solubilizers, emulsifiers and catalysts, and with admixtures of propylenediamine, dimethylammonium chloride or isopropyl alcohol.
  • polymers have ionic dissociable groups that can be part of the polymer chain and the number of which is so large that the polymers are water-soluble in dissociated form.
  • Polyacrylamide is preferably used in suspension form.
  • polyelectrolytes In aqueous solution, polyelectrolytes have reactive groups that show a strong affinity for the surfaces of the colloids and fine particles of the fine-grain portion of the soil.
  • the polyelectrolytes used in the invention can thus also be referred to as cross ⁇ surface-active substances.
  • the potentials that are effective on the particle surface are decisive for the optimal effect of the polyelectrolyte. They are dependent on the particles themselves as well as on the environmental conditions, i.e. on the ionic strength of the mixture and the resulting properties, such as pH, electrical conductivity or hardness.
  • the person skilled in the art will determine the polyelectrolyte with the corresponding ionogenicity which is suitable for the respective application.
  • polyacrylamide for example, is suitable in most cases and has good strengthening properties.
  • the polyelectrolyte is used here in a preferred proportion of 0.001-2% by weight, based on the dry weight of the mixture.
  • the proportion will be based in particular on the ionogenicity of the polyelectrolyte used and on the fine-grain fraction of the batch.
  • polyacrylamide 0.01% by weight has mostly proven to be sufficient.
  • any necessary addition of water can be dosed by dilution with water.
  • a styrene-acrylic copolymer for example an acrylic acid dispersion
  • a bitumen emulsion is preferably added. But it is not out of the question that there will be one Mixture of a styrene-acrylic copolymer and a bitumen emulsion can prove to be advantageous.
  • the hydraulic binder is added.
  • fine lime or hydrated lime have proven to be suitable binders for carrying out the process according to the invention, and in cases where there is a large proportion of larger grain sizes, highly hydraulic lime, cement and bituminous binders can also be advantageous.
  • the admixing amount of the respective binder is also based in particular on the moisture of the prepared batch, whereby efforts are made to achieve the so-called Proctor optimum, which is the degree of saturation of the batch at which the batch's optimum compressibility given is. Soils and the clay, fine sand and sand components obtained from them often have too high a moisture content, whereby water is extracted from the mixture when using fine lime, hydrated lime or highly hydraulic lime.
  • the mixture consisting of clay, fine sand and sand mixture, polyelectrolyte and hydraulic binding agent or any necessary additives such as styrene-acrylic copolymers is then introduced into molds and pressed at a pressure of at least 40 N / mm 2 .
  • the choice of the pressing pressure influences the ultimate strength of the components, but usually a pressure of 40-120 N / mm 2 is sufficient.
  • the components can be loaded after 50% drying.
  • the scope of the invention also includes a method for producing a gas concrete block, in which a mixture of a hydraulic binder, a fine-grained component, water and a blowing agent is produced, poured into molds and dried.
  • the mixture is poured into molds, and different formats and profiles can be cut in the semi-solid state.
  • the high strength of the aerated concrete is achieved by steam curing in autoclaves at approx. 160-220 ° C and approx. 12-15 bar pressure after about four to eight hours. The hydrogen escapes and the pores formed fill with air.
  • the gas concrete blocks manufactured in this way have comparatively low densities of up to around 400 kg / m 3 and, due to the pore structure and their air pockets, have good thermal insulation properties.
  • household waste is comminuted, homogenized and prepared with calcium-containing additives such as dolomite, calcite, lime marl or marl as well as with aluminum oxide-containing additives such as corundum dust, clay marl or to produce the hydraulic binder used for this method according to the invention Clinker mixed and burned; then up to 40% by weight Framework silicates, for example tuff, are added, and the product obtained is ground to a grain size of less than 0.063 mm.
  • Framework silicates for example tuff
  • fine slag from waste incineration plants, metallurgical or steel slag is used as a fine-grained component and a surfactant is used as a blowing agent.
  • Typical household waste usually contains 59-69% silicon oxide, 4.9-7.8% iron oxide, 5.1-6.3% aluminum oxide and 8.3-10.3% lime in% by weight and is therefore suitable for production an inorganic binder for concrete-like hardening masses.
  • the binder can be produced in waste incineration plants that are run on special refuse-derived fuels (BRAM). These are 18% to 26% by weight of silicon oxide, 2% to 5% iron oxide, 4% to 12% aluminum oxide and 58% to 66% lime, and 2% to 5% magnesium oxide.
  • BRAM refuse-derived fuels
  • the combustion bed temperature is at least 950 ° C and the calorific value of the waste is at least 13MJ / kg. The latter circumstance ensures that practically no additional primary energy has to be added for combustion.
  • calcium-containing industrial waste or calcium-containing rock such as dolomite, calcite, lime marl and the like. added that are readily available.
  • additives industrial waste such as corundum dust, but also clay marl, clinker and the like can also be used. be used.
  • fine slag from waste incineration plants MAA
  • metallurgical slag or steelworks slag is used as the fine-grained component.
  • These are the solid, non-combustible residues that arise in the course of combustion in industrial furnaces or incinerators.
  • waste incineration slag When incinerating waste, slag still accounts for around 35% of the original weight of the waste. In addition to the iron-containing components, waste incineration slag also contains significantly smaller amounts of non-ferrous metals such as copper, nickel, lead, zinc or tin in varying amounts.
  • Iron and steel slag can be broken down into blast furnace slag and steel works slag, whereby blast furnace slag is produced in the production of pig iron in the blast furnace and steel works slag in steel production in converters, in electric furnaces and Siemens Martin furnaces.
  • Metallurgical slag is formed during the extraction of non-ferrous (NE) metals. According to the current state of the art, about 250 kg of blast furnace slag is produced per ton of pig iron and about 120 kg of steelworks per ton of crude steel. slag. This results in large amounts of slag that can be recycled.
  • Blast furnace and steelworks slag differ in their chemical composition, but because of their main components calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and iron oxide they are both also suitable for use with the method according to the invention.
  • a blowing agent such as a surfactant can also be used.
  • This is understood to mean compounds that accumulate strongly from their solution at interfaces (eg water / oil) and thereby reduce the surface tension - in the case of liquid / gaseous systems, the surface tension.
  • polar solvents such as alcohols, ethers, pyridines, alkylformamides, etc. are also surface-active
  • the compounds used as surface-active substances in the context of the invention are those which have a lipophilic hydrocarbon radical and one, possibly also several, hydrophilic functional groups.
  • - -COONa, -S0 3 Na, -0-S0 3 Na and the like - have; such substances are also referred to as surfactants or detergents.
  • These can be water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of saturated and unsaturated higher fatty acids (also known as lye soap) or water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of the rosin rosin acids (also known as rosin soap), or water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of naphthenic acids - for example alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid enriched on the casein basis.
  • the surface-active Agents are added in an amount of 0.03 to 0.001% by weight, based on the mixture before drying.
  • Drying can also be carried out without steam curing and without the production of high pressures; instead, air drying has proven to be sufficient.
  • the maturing process until the gas concrete blocks can be processed takes about 3 to 7 days, with the final strength increasing as the drying time increases. This not only achieves high energy savings, but also enables the production of more complicated shapes due to the elimination of the steam autoclave. The risk of explosion associated with the use of aluminum powder is eliminated.
  • the density of the gas concrete blocks produced according to the invention is between 650 and 1200 kg / cm 3 .
  • the compressive strengths and the bending tensile strengths are dependent on the density, the ratio between compressive strength and bending tensile strength being significantly greater than in the case of concrete, ie the existing bending tensile strength is comparatively high in relation to the compressive strength. This ensures that thermal insulation panels made from this material have excellent stability.
  • this method according to the invention it is also possible to reinforce the gas concrete block produced in this way with fibers, for example based on coconut or plastic, whereby the bending tensile strength can be increased considerably. It is shown that in particular the use of fine slag instead of the fine sand usually used has extremely favorable effects on the strength of the gas concrete block produced by the method according to the invention.
  • powdered aluminum can also be used in addition to the surfactant, which is aluminum from recycled materials. In this case too, the energy-intensive and complex steam autoclaving can be dispensed with.
  • the powdered aluminum is added in an amount of 0.05 to 0.001% by weight, based on the mixture before drying.
  • the amount of aluminum powder used will depend on the one hand on the amount of the surfactant used and on the other hand depend on which properties, in particular what density, the final gas concrete block should have.
  • additional quantities of aluminum powder ensure that the pore structure turns out coarser after drying, which reduces the density of the gas concrete block.
  • the average pore size depends on the average grain size of the aluminum powder used. It is obvious that depending on the mixing ratio and grain sizes of the aluminum powder used and the blowing agent, different properties of the final gas concrete block can be realized.
  • This invention thus provides an extremely inexpensive method of manufacturing a gas concrete block that is extremely suitable for use as a high-quality, heat-insulating lightweight building material.
  • Fig. 6 the side view of a tool part.
  • a pile 10 of spherical components 12 is shown. Due to the high mechanical loading of this mixture in an activator described below, the product is ground, whereby u. a. an increase in the surface is achieved.
  • the globular structures of a fly ash are changed in such a way that an amorphous structure is created. This structure favors the setting process by interlocking the individual particles 14 which have arisen after a comminution process and increases the strength values, in particular the compressive and bending tensile strengths.
  • shock waves continue in the particles 12, which break them down into amorphous structures and disrupt the structures Lattice structure within the particles lead, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the comminution takes place in a so-called activator 20, which has a rotor 24 and a stator 30 on a machine platform 22, the top plate 32 of which is penetrated by a rotor shaft 26.
  • the latter runs coaxially to the vertical axis A of the rotor 24.
  • the rotor 24 is driven by an electric motor 36, which can be seen outside the stator wall 34, by means of a V-belt 38 on the rotor shaft 26.
  • the speed of the rotor 24 is infinitely variable via a frequency converter, which cannot be seen.
  • a metering device 42 is a cylindrical silo from which the pile 10 is fed to a metering device 42. Beneath this is a floor-level horizontal arm 45 of a conveyor 44 - in longitudinal section here Z-shaped - whose inclined central section 46 merges into a ridge arm 47 above the cover plate 32 of the stator 30. The latter is followed by a cellular wheel sluice 50 through which the material to be conveyed 10 is fed to the interior of the activator 20.
  • the batch 10 is conveyed downward in a spiral in the annular space or annular gap 52, the dwell time of which can be regulated by counter-flowing air. This air flow also removes the excess heat.
  • the individual particles 14 are thrown outwards against the stator 30 by a pulse - caused by the rotor tools 54 r .
  • the tools 54 and 54 r of both the stator 20 and the rotor 24 are continuously coated with a layer of the mixture 10, so that the particles 14 collide with one another or primarily with this layer. This mutual action and the effects achieved thereby - such as plastic deformation, resilience, fragmentation, friction - cause a fundamental change in the physical properties of the particles 14.
  • the mass of the layers 54, 54 r contributes significantly to both the momentum and the momentum interruption and the resulting interactions such as reflections between the figures 54, 54 r to support.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire un liant hydraulique organique. Selon ce procédé, des matières hydrauliques latentes, se présentant sous la forme de résidus de processus thermiques, sont activées par voie mécano-chimique et/ou tribomécanique. Les structures réticulaires du mélange de matières sont modifiées sous l'effet de contraintes cinétiques et de l'interaction qui en découle entre une impulsion et une interruption d'impulsion, provoquée par les états plasmoïdiques des particules. La structure des particules est modifiée par des ondes de choc ou par des énergies de retenue provoquées par l'impulsion ou l'interruption d'impulsion. Les particules sont transformées en structures amorphes sous l'effet des impulsions et des interruptions d'impulsions ou des réflexions. Ce procédé est mis en oeuvre au moyen d'un dispositif qui comprend un activateur (20) équipé d'un stator (30) et d'un rotor (24), placé sur un socle (22). Le stator (30) et le rotor (24) délimitent un espace ou une fente annulaire servant de voie d'acheminement pour les matières. Des outils du stator (30) et/ou du rotor (24), recouverts au moins partiellement d'une couche du mélange, sont associés à la fente annulaire. En outre, un appareil de dosage (42) ainsi qu'au moins une conduite d'amenée d'air montée à l'autre extrémité de la fente annulaire sont associées à cette dernière.
EP04764896A 2003-09-08 2004-09-07 Procede pour produire un liant hydraulique et un element de construction, utilisation de ces derniers et dispositif correspondant Withdrawn EP1663899A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0060903U AT7308U1 (de) 2003-09-08 2003-09-08 Verfahren zur herstellung von bauelementen für den hoch- und tiefbau
DE102004025050 2004-05-18
AT0036604U AT8003U1 (de) 2004-05-18 2004-05-18 Verfahren zur herstellung eines gasbetonsteines
PCT/EP2004/009953 WO2005037727A1 (fr) 2003-09-08 2004-09-07 Procede pour produire un liant hydraulique et un element de construction, utilisation de ces derniers et dispositif correspondant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1663899A1 true EP1663899A1 (fr) 2006-06-07

Family

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EP04764896A Withdrawn EP1663899A1 (fr) 2003-09-08 2004-09-07 Procede pour produire un liant hydraulique et un element de construction, utilisation de ces derniers et dispositif correspondant

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1663899A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007505023A (fr)
KR (1) KR20070012310A (fr)
AU (1) AU2004281885A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2538056A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004043614A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005037727A1 (fr)

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CN108348967A (zh) * 2015-09-03 2018-07-31 丹尼兹.格拉夫 用于拆解复合材料和混合物、尤其是固体混合物和炉渣的方法和装置

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CZ2008318A3 (cs) * 2008-05-23 2010-04-07 Faltus@Miloš Zpusob výroby anorganických hydraulických pojiv
CN102300826B (zh) 2009-01-30 2015-02-18 全南大学校产学协力团 碱激活结合料、使用结合料的碱激活砂浆、混凝土制品和湿红粘土铺路材料
KR100942032B1 (ko) * 2009-01-30 2010-02-11 전남대학교산학협력단 무시멘트 알칼리 활성결합재, 상기 결합재를 포함하는 무시멘트 알칼리 활성 모르터, 콘크리트 및 콘크리트 제품
JP2010095444A (ja) * 2010-02-04 2010-04-30 Nagoya Institute Of Technology セラミックスの固化方法
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WO2019170963A1 (fr) * 2018-03-09 2019-09-12 Betolar Oy Composition de liant et mélange durcissable
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CN108348967B (zh) * 2015-09-03 2021-09-14 丹尼兹.格拉夫 用于拆解复合材料和混合物、尤其是固体混合物和炉渣的方法和装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20070012310A (ko) 2007-01-25
WO2005037727A1 (fr) 2005-04-28
DE102004043614A9 (de) 2005-08-11
JP2007505023A (ja) 2007-03-08
CA2538056A1 (fr) 2005-04-28
AU2004281885A1 (en) 2005-04-28
DE102004043614A1 (de) 2005-04-21

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