EP1645651A1 - Procede de production d'article en alliage de magnesium - Google Patents

Procede de production d'article en alliage de magnesium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1645651A1
EP1645651A1 EP04726905A EP04726905A EP1645651A1 EP 1645651 A1 EP1645651 A1 EP 1645651A1 EP 04726905 A EP04726905 A EP 04726905A EP 04726905 A EP04726905 A EP 04726905A EP 1645651 A1 EP1645651 A1 EP 1645651A1
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Prior art keywords
processing
weight
magnesium
based alloy
temperature
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EP04726905A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1645651B1 (fr
EP1645651A4 (fr
Inventor
Yukihiro c/o Itami Works OISHI
Nozomu C/O Itami Works Kawabe
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo SEI Steel Wire Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a wrought product made of magnesium-based alloy by plastic processing. More particularly, the invention relates to a producing method of a magnesium-based alloy wrought product capable of producing the wrought product with more excellent productivity while lowering a processing temperature when the plastic working is carried out.
  • the magnesium-based alloy is lighter than aluminum in weight, and has more excellent specific strength and specific rigidity as compared with steel or aluminum and thus, the magnesium-based alloy is widely used for aircraft parts, automobile parts, bodies of various electrical products and the like.
  • Mg and its alloy have hexagonal close-packed lattice (hcp) structure, they have poor ductility and their plastic workability is extremely poor. It is widely known that workability of magnesium-based alloy becomes excellent if the temperature is increased at the time of processing.
  • Japanese Patent Applications Laid-open Nos.2000-283134 and 2000-343178 describe technique for processing a screw in a temperature state in which magnesium-based alloy material generates superplasticity phenomenon.
  • the producing method of a magnesium-based alloy wrought product of the present invention is characterized in that a drawn material made of magnesium-based alloy obtained by drawing processing is subjected to plastic processing into a wrought product at a processing temperature of less than 250°C.
  • extruded material or rolled material is used as material to be processed.
  • the extruded material or rolled material it must be heated to 250°C or higher at the time of plastic processing, and it is strongly desired to lower the processing temperature.
  • the present invention lowers the processing temperature by using not extruded material or rolled material but a drawn material obtained by the drawing processing, i.e., the invention realizes a plastic processing at less than 250°C, especially at 200°C or lower.
  • the present invention it is possible to lower the processing temperature at the time of plastic processing to less than 250°C by using a drawn material, the conventional high temperature heating means is unnecessary, lifetime of a processing material such as a mold or roll used for the plastic processing can be increased, and productivity can be enhanced.
  • the present invention will be explained in more detail.
  • Examples of the drawn material made of magnesium-based alloy of the invention are a wire (line-like body), a rod-like body, a pipe and the like.
  • a cross section of the drawn material may be of circular, rectangular, non-circular such as elliptic shape, i.e., the cross section may be of any shape.
  • the drawing conditions of the present invention are that a temperature rising speed to the processing temperature is 1°C/sec to 100°C/sec, processing temperature is 50°C or higher and 200°C or lower (more preferably 150°C or lower), processing degree is 10% or more per one drawing processing (one pass), linear speed is 1 m/sec or more, and extruded material or rolled material is drawn.
  • the drawing temperature is 50°C or higher and 300°C or lower (more preferably 100°C or higher and 200°C or lower, and further preferably 100°C or higher and 150°C or lower), processing degree is 5% or higher per one drawing processing (preferably 10% or higher and more preferably 20% or higher), temperature rising speed to the drawing temperature is 1°C/sec to 100°C/sec, drawing speed is 1 m/sec or more, and extruded material or rolled material is drawn.
  • the crystal grain can be fine, and more particularly, the average crystal particle diameter can be reduced to 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the plastic workability can be enhanced even if the heating temperature is less than 250°C, and a desired wrought product can be obtained.
  • the obtained drawn material may be heated to temperature of 100°C or higher and 300°C or lower, more preferably 150°C or higher and 300°C or lower.
  • This heating annealing is effective for recovery of lattice defect introduced by the drawing processing, and for further finely dividing crystal grain by acceleration of recrystallization. It is preferable that keeping time of this heating temperature is about 5 to 20 minutes.
  • Examples of the plastic processing of the invention are forging processing, swaging processing, bending processing and the like.
  • the forging processing is to be carried out as the plastic processing, the following temperature conditions are suitable. That is, when reduction in height is r 1 % and processing temperature is T°C, T satisfies the relation of 3r 1 +150 > T ⁇ 3r 1 +10 (however, 20% ⁇ r 1 ⁇ 80%, T ⁇ 250°C). For example, when reduction in height r 1 is equal to 20(%), the heating temperature T (°C) is lower than 250°C, especially 70°C or higher and lower than 210°C.
  • the heating temperature when forging processing of reduction in height of 20% is carried out can be less than 210°C by the finely dividing effect of alloy structure using drawn material, and the lifetime of a processing material such as a mold or roll can be increased.
  • the lower limit value of the heating temperature is set to a value obtained by the 3r 1 +10, and the upper limit value of the heating temperature is set to lower than 250°C while taking the lifetime of a mold or roll into consideration. Therefore, according to the present invention, when plastic processing having reduction in height of more than 40% which is industrially effective processing is to be carried out, even if the processing temperature is lower than 250°C, forging processing can sufficiently be carried out. In the severe processing in which reduction in height is 80% or higher, it is desired to heat the material to 250°C or higher.
  • T satisfies the relation of 3r 2 +150 > T ⁇ 3r 2 -30 (however, 20% ⁇ r 2 ⁇ 80%, T ⁇ 250°C).
  • the heating temperature T (°C) can be less than 250°C, especially 30°C or higher and less than 210°C.
  • cross section reduction ratio r 2 exceeds 33%, the lower limit value of the heating temperature is set to value obtained by the 3r 2 -30, and the upper limit value of the heating temperature is set to lower than 250°C while taking the lifetime of a mold or the like into consideration.
  • the swaging processing can be carried out at the processing temperature lower than 250°C. In the severe processing in which cross section reduction ratio exceeds 80%, it is desired to heat the material to 250°C or higher.
  • the following temperature conditions are suitable. That is, if thickness of a drawn material at the time of bending is t mm and bending radius is R mm and processing temperature is T°C, T satisfies (1) 250 > T ⁇ 250-250R/t when 0.1 ⁇ R/t ⁇ 1.0, (2) 500-250R/t ⁇ T > 0 when 1.0 ⁇ R/t ⁇ 1.9, and (3) 25 ⁇ T > 0 when 1.9 ⁇ R/t ⁇ 2.0.
  • the heating temperature T (°C) can be lower than 250°C, and especially the upper limit value can be 500-250R/t or lower. That is, as will be found from a later-described test result, the heating temperature can be lower than 100°C, further room temperature (e.g., 20°C). When R/t is 1.9 to 2.0, the heating temperature T (°C) can be 25°C or lower.
  • the lower limit value of the heating temperature is set to a value obtained by the 250-250R/t
  • the upper limit value of the heating temperature is set to a value lower than 250°C while taking the lifetime of a mold or the like into consideration.
  • the drawn material in which crystal grain is fine since the drawn material in which crystal grain is fine is used, bending processing can sufficiently be carried out at the processing temperature of lower than 250°C even if the bending processing is severe processing in which R/t is 0.1 to 1.0.
  • the thickness of the drawn material is a diameter when the drawn material is a wire (line-like body) or a rod-like body and its cross sectional shape is circular, a thickness when the drawnmaterial is a wire or a rod-like body and its cross sectional shape is rectangular, and a difference between an outer diameter and an inner diameter when the drawn material is a pipe.
  • R/t exceeds 2.0, the degree of the bending processing is low, and even extruded material or rolled material can be processed at room temperature and thus, it is not defined in the present invention.
  • severe processing in which R/t is less than 0.1, since it is desired to heat the material to higher than 225°C, it is not defined in the present invention while taking the lifetime of a processing material such as a mold into consideration.
  • the present invention is effective in magnesium-based alloy having hcp structure having poor workability at around roomtemperature (e.g., 20°C) irrespective of alloy composition.
  • casting magnesium-based alloy or flatting magnesium-based alloy can be used.
  • the alloy are one having 0.1% by weight or more and 12% by weight or less Al and one having 0.1% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less Zn and 0.1% by weight or more and 2.0% by weight or less Zr.
  • the alloy may contain one or more of 0.1% by weight or more and 2.0% by weight or less Mn, 0.1% by weight or more and 5.0% by weight or less Zn, and 0.1% by weight or more and 5.0% by weight or less Si.
  • alloy composition it is possible to use AZ-based alloy, AS-based alloy, AM-based alloy, ZK-based alloy and the like in representative ASTM symbols.
  • contents of Al 0.1 to less than 2.0% by weight Al and more than 2.0 to 12.0% by weight Al may be distinguished from each other.
  • alloy including Mg and impurities examples of the impurities are Fe, Si, Cu, Ni, Ca and the like.
  • Examples of the AZ-based alloy having 2.0 to 12.0% by weight Al are AZ31, AZ61, AZ91 and the like.
  • the AZ31 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 2.5 to 3.5% by weight, Zn: 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, Mn: 0.15 to 0.5% by weight, Cu: 0.05% by weight or less, Si: 0.1% by weight or less, and Ca: 0.04% by weight or less.
  • the AZ61 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 5.5 to 7.2% by weight, Zn: 0.4 to 1.5% by weight, Mn: 0.15 to 0.35% by weight, Ni: 0.05% by weight or less, and Si: 0.1% by weight or less.
  • the AZ91 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 8.1 to 9.7% by weight, Zn: 0.35 to 1.0% by weight, Mn: 0.13% by weight or more, Cu: 0.1% by weight or less, Ni: 0.03% by weight or less, and Si: 0.5% by weight or less.
  • the AZ-based alloy contains Al: 0.1 to less than 2.0% by weight, and examples of the AZ-based alloy are AZ10,AZ21 and the like.
  • the AZ10 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 1.0 to 1.5% by weight, Zn: 0.2 to 0.6% by weight, Mn: 0.2% by weight or more, Cu: 0.1% by weight or less, Si: 0.1% by weight or less, and Ca: 0.4% by weight or less.
  • the AZ21 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 1.4 to 2.6% by weight, Zn: 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, Mn: 0.15 to 0.35% by weight, Ni: 0.03% by weight or less, and Si: 0.1% by weight or less.
  • AS-based alloy having Al of 2.0 to 12.0% by weight examples are AS41 and the like.
  • the AS41 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 3.7 to 4.8% by weight, Zn: 0.1% by weight or less, Cu: 0.15% by weight or less, Mn: 0.35 to 0.60% by weight, Ni: 0.001% by weight or less, and Si: 0.6 to 1.4% by weight.
  • Examples of the AS-based alloy having Al of 0.1 to less than 2.0% by weight are AS21 and the like.
  • the AS21 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 1.4 to 2.6% by weight, Zn: 0.1% by weight or less, Cu: 0.15% by weight or less, Mn: 0.35 to 0.60% by weight, Ni: 0.001% by weight, and Si: 0.6 to 1.4% by weight.
  • the AM-based alloy examples are AM60, AM100 and the like.
  • the AM60 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 5.5 to 6.5% by weight, Zn: 0.22% by weight or less, Cu: 0.35% by weight or less, Mn: 0.13% by weight or more, Ni: 0.03% by weight or less, and Si: 0.5% by weight or less.
  • the AM100 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Al: 9.3 to 10.7% by weight, Zn: 0.3% by weight or less, Cu: 0.1% by weight or less, Mn: 0.1 to 0.35% by weight, Ni: 0.01% by weight or less, and Si: 0.3% by weight or less.
  • the ZK-based alloy examples include ZK40, ZK60 and the like.
  • the ZK40 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Zn: 3.5 to 4.5% by weight, and Zr: 0.45% by weight or more.
  • the ZK60 is a magnesium-based alloy, for example, containing Zn: 4.8 to 6.2% by weight, and Zr: 0.45% by weight or more.
  • the present invention can be applied to produce a wrought product obtained by subjecting a drawn material to plastic processing, such as an eyeglass frame, a reinforcing frame of portable electronic equipment or others, a screw and the like.
  • Extruded materials ( ⁇ 4.0 mm, ⁇ 3.0 mm) of magnesium-based alloy (material corresponding to ASTM symbol AZ31) containing Al: 3.0% by weight, Zn: 1.0% by weight, Mn: 0.15% by weight, and balance comprising Mg and impurities were prepared.
  • the extruded material of ⁇ 4.0 mm was subjected to drawing processing to ⁇ 3.0 mm at the temperature of about 160°C and processing degree of cross section reduction ratio per one pass of 20% or less (temperature rising speed to 160°C is about 10°C/sec, linear speed is 16 m/sec). After the drawing processing, thermal treatment of 350°C ⁇ 15 min was carried out. As a result, distortion caused at the time of drawing processing was eliminated and structure was equally divided finely by recrystallization.
  • the obtained drawn material of ⁇ 3.0 mm and the extruded material of ⁇ 3.0 mm which was not subj ected to drawing processing were cut into pieces of 3 mm length as test pieces. These test pieces were subjected to forging processing in a line axis direction with various reductions in height. At that time, the test pieces were heated to various temperatures in a range of 100°C to 250°C, and forging processing was carried out. Then, it was checked whether forging processing could be carried out. A result thereof is shown in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b). In Figs.
  • Fig. 1(a) when drawn material is to be subjected to forging processing, if the drawn material is heated to the temperature T°C which satisfies T ⁇ 3r 1 +10 with respect to reduction in height of r 1 (%), forging processing could be carried out. That is, when drawn material is used, it can be found that even if it is heated to temperature lower than 250°C, forging processing can sufficiently be carried out. Especially forging processing having reduction in height of about 20 to 30%, forging processing could be carried out sufficiently even at temperature that satisfied T ⁇ 3r 1 +150. When the drawn material was heated to 250°C, forging processing could be carried out with reduction in height in a range of 20 to 80%, but if lifetime of a mold is taken into consideration, it is preferable that the drawn material is heated to lower than 250°C.
  • the swaging processing was carried out in such a manner that test pieces were heated to various temperatures in a range of 100°C to 250°C, and cross section reduction ratio was changed so that the following seven kinds of diameters could be obtained: i.e., ⁇ 2.7 mm (cross section reduction ratio 19%), ⁇ 2.4 mm (cross section reduction ratio 36%), ⁇ 2.3 mm (cross section reduction ratio 41.2%), ⁇ 2.1 mm (cross section reduction ratio 51%), ⁇ 1.9 mm (cross section reduction ratio 59.9%), ⁇ 1.6 mm (cross section reduction ratio 71.6%) and ⁇ 1.4 mm (cross section reduction ratio 78.2%). Then, it was checked whether swaging processing could be carried out. A result thereof is shown in Figs.
  • swaging processing when drawn material is to be subj ected to swaging processing, if the drawn material is heated to the temperature T°C which satisfies T ⁇ 3r 2 -30 with respect to cross section reduction ratio r 2 (%), swaging processing could be carried out. That is, when drawn material is used, it can be found that even if it is heated to temperature lower than 250°C, swaging processing can sufficiently be carried out. Especially swaging processing having cross section reduction ratio of about 20 to 30%, swaging processing could be carried out sufficiently even at temperature T°C that satisfied T ⁇ 3r 2 +150.
  • swaging processing could be carried out with cross section reduction ratio in a range of 20 to 80%, but if lifetime of a mold is taken into consideration, it is preferable that the drawn material is heated to lower than 250°C.
  • magnesium-based alloys having different compositions Similar tests were carried out using magnesium-based alloys having different compositions. That is, after extruded material was subjected to the same drawing processing as that of the embodiment 1, drawn material subjected to thermal treatment was subj ected to swaging processing with various cross section reduction ratio and at various temperatures in a range of 100 to 250°C so that the above seven kinds of diameters could be obtained.
  • the magnesium-based alloys the following materials having the same compositions as those shown above were used, i.e., a material corresponding to AZ10, a material corresponding to AZ61, a material corresponding to AZ91, a material corresponding to AS21, a material corresponding to AS41, a material corresponding to AM60 and a material corresponding to ZK60.
  • swaging processing could be carried out by heating the drawing material to the temperature T°C that satisfied T ⁇ 3r 2 -30 with respect to cross section reduction ratio r 2 (%), and the drawing material could sufficiently be processed even if the heating temperature is lower than 250°C.
  • a drawn material of ⁇ 3.0 mm (material corresponding to ASTM symbol AZ31) prepared under the same drawing conditions as those of the embodiment 1 was further subjected to drawing processing (temperature 160°C, cross section reduction ratio per one pass was about 15 to 18%, temperature rising speed to 160°C was about 10°C/sec, linear speed was 20 m/sec), and a linear material having rectangular cross sectional shape (thickness t 1 mm ⁇ width 3 mm) was obtained.
  • This linear material was subjected to thermal treatment of 350°C ⁇ 15 min, and test pieces were obtained.
  • a rolled material having the same component (material corresponding to ASTM symbol AZ31) as that used in the embodiment 1 and thickness t of 1 mm was prepared, it was cut into width of 3 mm as test pieces.
  • test pieces of drawn material of thickness t 1 mm ⁇ width 3 mm, and rolled material of thickness t 1 mm ⁇ width 3 mm were subjected to bending processing with various bending radii R.
  • the bending processing was carried out by heating the test pieces at various temperature in a range of 20 to 250°C. Then, it was checked whether bending processing could be carried out.
  • Figs. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show a result thereof. In Figs.
  • ⁇ shows that bending processing could be carried out
  • ⁇ shows that a crack or the like was generated and bending processing could not be carried out
  • ⁇ shows that bending processing could be carried out but heating temperature was high and there was a problem in terms of lifetime of a mold.
  • T represents heating temperature
  • R represents a bending radius
  • t represents a thickness of test piece.
  • the bending processing when drawn material is to be subj ected to bending processing, if a ratio R/t of the bending radius R (mm) and thickness t (mm) of the test piece satisfied 0.1 ⁇ R/t ⁇ 1.0, the bending processing could be carried out by heating the test piece to temperature T°C that satisfied T ⁇ -250R/t+250. Especially when the R/t was more than 1.0 and less than 2.0, the bending processing could sufficiently be carried out even if the temperature satisfied T ⁇ -250R/t+500, specifically, the temperature was 20°C that is around the room temperature. Further, the bending processing could sufficiently be carried out at 20°C even if the R/t was 2.0.
  • the bending processing can sufficiently be carried out even if the heating temperature is lower than 250°C.
  • bending processing could be carried out with the R/t in a range of 1.0 to 2.0, but if lifetime of a mold is taken into consideration, it is preferable that the drawn material is heated to lower than 250°C.
  • the following materials having the same compositions as those shown above were used, i.e., a material corresponding to AZ10, a material corresponding to AZ61, a material corresponding to AZ91, a material corresponding to AS21, a material corresponding to AS41, a material corresponding to AM60 and a material corresponding to ZK60.
  • any of samples could be sufficiently subjected to bending processing by heating the samples to the temperature T°C satisfying T ⁇ -250R/t+250 when 0.1 ⁇ Rt ⁇ 1.0.
  • any of samples could be sufficiently subjected to bending processing even in the case where the temperature T°C is smaller than -250R/t+500 when 1.0 ⁇ R/t ⁇ 1.9 or in the case where the temperature T°C is 20°C which is around room temperature when R/t is 1.0 or more.
  • any of the samples could be sufficiently subjected to bending processing even if heating was carried out at less than 250°C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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EP04726905A 2003-05-30 2004-04-12 Procede de production d'article en alliage de magnesium Expired - Fee Related EP1645651B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003155476A JP4332889B2 (ja) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 マグネシウム基合金成形体の製造方法
PCT/JP2004/005226 WO2004106576A1 (fr) 2003-05-30 2004-04-12 Procede de production d'article en alliage de magnesium

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1645651A1 true EP1645651A1 (fr) 2006-04-12
EP1645651A4 EP1645651A4 (fr) 2007-05-09
EP1645651B1 EP1645651B1 (fr) 2009-07-01

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US (1) US20070169858A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1645651B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4332889B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100727211B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100476012C (fr)
DE (1) DE602004021808D1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI279446B (fr)
WO (1) WO2004106576A1 (fr)

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EP1640622A4 (fr) * 2003-06-19 2006-10-18 Sumitomo Sei Steel Wire Corp Vis en alliage a base de magnesium et procede pour la produire
CN103243282A (zh) * 2013-05-07 2013-08-14 太原理工大学 一种镁合金薄板材的制备方法
EP2373139A4 (fr) * 2008-12-26 2018-01-17 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Élément en alliage de magnésium et son procédé de production

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JP4849377B2 (ja) * 2006-01-13 2012-01-11 住友電気工業株式会社 マグネシウム合金ねじの製造方法及びマグネシウム合金ねじ
JP5224259B2 (ja) * 2006-11-17 2013-07-03 新潟県 マグネシウム合金薄板の塑性加工方法
JP2009280846A (ja) * 2008-05-20 2009-12-03 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd マグネシウム合金鍛造部材及びその製造方法
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TWI391504B (zh) * 2008-07-24 2013-04-01 Chung Shan Inst Of Science Grain - refined magnesium alloy sheet and its manufacturing method
JP2010147259A (ja) * 2008-12-19 2010-07-01 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd マグネシウム合金圧延板成形体およびそれを用いた電気機器
JP5348624B2 (ja) * 2011-01-24 2013-11-20 住友電気工業株式会社 マグネシウム合金ねじ
JP5741923B2 (ja) * 2011-04-15 2015-07-01 住友電気工業株式会社 カバー部材
JP6157484B2 (ja) * 2011-10-06 2017-07-05 ユニバーシティ オブ ピッツバーグ オブ ザ コモンウェルス システム オブ ハイヤー エデュケーションＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ Ｏｆ Ｐｉｔｔｓｂｕｒｇｈ Ｏｆ Ｔｈｅ Ｃｏｍｍｏｎｗｅａｌｔｈ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ Ｏｆ Ｈｉｇｈｅｒ Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ 生分解性金属合金
CN108754367A (zh) * 2018-07-07 2018-11-06 中南大学 一种原子偏聚和原子团簇强化Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金方法
CN108796329A (zh) * 2018-07-07 2018-11-13 中南大学 一种高热稳定性Mg-Gd-Y-Zr纳米镁合金制备方法
CN108728710A (zh) * 2018-07-07 2018-11-02 中南大学 一种vw93m超高强纳米梯度镁合金制备方法
EP3741880B1 (fr) * 2019-05-20 2023-06-28 Volkswagen AG Produit en tôle à flexibilité élevée et son procédé de fabrication
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KR20060003908A (ko) 2006-01-11
CN1798857A (zh) 2006-07-05
EP1645651B1 (fr) 2009-07-01
JP2004353067A (ja) 2004-12-16
CN100476012C (zh) 2009-04-08
KR100727211B1 (ko) 2007-06-13
EP1645651A4 (fr) 2007-05-09
JP4332889B2 (ja) 2009-09-16
TW200500473A (en) 2005-01-01
TWI279446B (en) 2007-04-21
US20070169858A1 (en) 2007-07-26
DE602004021808D1 (de) 2009-08-13

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