EP1602705A1 - Procédé d'amelioration de coupes essences et de transformation en gazoles avec traitement complementaire permettant d'augmenter le rendement de la coupe gazole - Google Patents
Procédé d'amelioration de coupes essences et de transformation en gazoles avec traitement complementaire permettant d'augmenter le rendement de la coupe gazole Download PDFInfo
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- EP1602705A1 EP1602705A1 EP05291115A EP05291115A EP1602705A1 EP 1602705 A1 EP1602705 A1 EP 1602705A1 EP 05291115 A EP05291115 A EP 05291115A EP 05291115 A EP05291115 A EP 05291115A EP 1602705 A1 EP1602705 A1 EP 1602705A1
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- European Patent Office
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/307—Cetane number, cetane index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4081—Recycling aspects
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for a simple and economical way to modulate the respective productions of gasoline and diesel. More precisely, according to the process object of the present application, it is possible to transform an initial charge of hydrocarbons in the petrol section, comprising from 4 to 15 carbon atoms and preferably from 4 to 11 carbon atoms, in a gasoline fraction of octane number improved with respect to the load, and a diesel fraction with a high cetane number.
- the object of the present invention is, from any gasoline cut, to produce an improved octane gasoline cut with respect to the starting gasoline cut, and a diesel fuel cut of cetane number at least equal to 45 and preferably greater than 50.
- the effluents resulting from the processes of conversion of residues more or less heavy contain an olefin content between 10 and 80%.
- One of the objects of the present invention is to separate from an initial fuel charge the linear olefins of branched olefins.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an alternative allowing a increased flexibility in the management of products from the refinery.
- the use of the present process can advantageously Modulate the gasoline / diesel proportions obtained at the refinery outlet according to the needs of the market.
- the isobutane addition processes of alkenes having between 2 and 5 carbon atoms make it possible to produce highly branched molecules having between 7 and 9 carbon atoms, and generally characterized by high octane numbers.
- the oligomerization processes based essentially on the dimerization and trimerization of light olefins from the catalytic cracking process and possessing between 2 and 4 carbon atoms, allow the production of cuts essences or distillates.
- An example of such a process is described in patent EP 0734766.
- US Pat. No. 5,382,705 proposes to couple the previously described oligomerization and etherification processes in order to produce, from a C 4 fraction, tertiary alkyl ethers such as MTBE or ETBE and lubricants.
- the ⁇ cut resulting from the separation step by distillation and comprising the majority of linear paraffins and a part of olefins linear is introduced directly into a catalytic reforming unit supposed to exist on the production site.
- the section ⁇ resulting from the dehydrogenation (F) is recycled at least in part to the entrance of the membrane separation unit (B), the other part of said section ⁇ being sent in mixture with the section ⁇ to form a high octane gasoline.
- the ⁇ cut resulting from the hydrogenation (G) is not completely recycled at the inlet of the membrane separation unit (B), at least one part is mixed with the ⁇ cut to form a high octane gasoline.
- the oligomerization step is carried out at a pressure of between 0.2 and 10 MPa, with a volume flow rate ratio of catalyst volume (called VVH) between 0.05 and 50 liters / liter / hour, and at a temperature between 15 ° C and 300 ° C.
- VVH volume flow rate ratio of catalyst volume
- the oligomerization step is generally carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one Group VIB metal of the Periodic Table.
- the step of separating linear olefins and paraffins from the olefins and branched paraffins is carried out in a so-called separation unit by membrane which will be able to use very diverse types of membrane, the invention being not related to a particular type of membrane.
- membranes that may be used in the context of the invention are preferentially membranes used in nanofiltration and in reverse osmosis (membranes falling under the category of membranes for filtration processes) or membranes used in permeation in gas phase or in pervaporation (re-entrant membrane in the category of membranes for permeation processes).
- these membranes could be either membranes of the type zeolitic, either membranes of polymeric (or organic) type, or even membranes of the ceramic (or mineral) type, that is to say of composite type in the sense that they may consist of a polymer and at least one mineral compound.
- the membranes that can be used in the process which is the subject of the invention may also be movie base.
- membranes based on zeolites mention may be made more particularly membrane based on zeolites of type MFI or ZSM-5, native or having been exchanged with H + ions; Na +; K +; Cs +; Ca +; Ba + and the zeolite membrane type LTA.
- the method according to the invention may comprise an elimination step at least a part of the nitrogen or basic impurities contained in the initial charge hydrocarbons.
- the initial charge of hydrocarbons will result from a cracking process catalytic, thermal cracking or dehydrogenation of paraffins. It can be introduced in the method that is the subject of the present invention either alone or in admixture with other charges.
- FIG. 1 corresponds to the diagram of FIG. according to the invention and in which the dotted lines optional, the other units in solid lines being obligatory.
- the hydrocarbon feedstock is conveyed by line 1 to a unit A of purification.
- This unit A makes it possible to eliminate a large part of the nitrogenous and / or basic compounds contained in the load. This elimination, although optional, is necessary when the filler comprises a high level of nitrogen and / or basic compounds, as these constitute a poison for the catalysts of the following steps of the present process.
- Said compounds can be removed by adsorption on an acidic solid.
- This solid can be selected from the group formed by silicoaluminates, titanosilicates, oxides mixed titanium alumina, clays, resins.
- the solid may also be chosen from mixed oxides obtained by grafting from less an organometallic compound, organosoluble or water-soluble, of at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, silicon, germanium, tin, tantalum, niobium, on at least one oxide support such as alumina (forms gamma, delta, eta, alone or in admixture) silica, silica aluminas, titanium silicas, zirconia silicas, Amberlyst type ion exchange resins, or any other solid having any acidity.
- organometallic compound organosoluble or water-soluble
- oxide support such as alumina (forms gamma, delta, eta, alone or in admixture) silica, silica aluminas, titanium silicas, zirconia
- a particular embodiment of the invention may consist in implementing a mixture of at least two of the previously described catalysts.
- the pressure of the purification unit (A) of the charge is between the pressure atmospheric pressure and 10 MPa, preferably between atmospheric pressure and 5 MPa, and will preferably choose a pressure under which the charge is in the liquid state.
- VVH The ratio of the volume flow rate of charge to the volume of catalytic solid
- the temperature of the purification unit (A) is between 15 ° C and 300 ° C, preferably between 15 ° C and 150 ° C, and more preferably between 15 ° C and 60 ° C.
- the removal of the nitrogenous and / or basic compounds contained in the feed may also be carried out by washing with an acidic aqueous solution, or by any equivalent means known to those skilled in the art.
- the purified ⁇ -cut feed is conveyed via line 2 to the separation unit (B). on membrane.
- the linear olefins and paraffins forming the ⁇ -section are separated by a membrane from the rest of the petrol cut (forming the ⁇ cut), and are evacuated via line 3 to feed an oligomerization unit (C).
- the depleted fraction of olefins and linear paraffins is removed from the unit (B) by the line 7.
- This section called ⁇ cut whose linear olefin content has significantly decreased since it mainly contains only branched olefins, has a subscript improved octane compared to the initial gasoline cut or ⁇ cut.
- any type of membrane making it possible to effect the separation between paraffins and linear olefins on the one hand, and paraffins and branched olefins on the other hand, can be used, whether organic or polymeric membranes (for example, the Sulzer Chemtech Membrane Systems PDMS 1060 Membrane), Ceramics or (for example at least partly of zeolite, silica, alumina, glass or carbon), or composites consisting of polymer and at least one mineral compound or ceramic (for example, the Sulzer Chemtech Membrane PDMS 1070 membrane Systems).
- organic or polymeric membranes for example, the Sulzer Chemtech Membrane Systems PDMS 1060 Membrane
- Ceramics or for example at least partly of zeolite, silica, alumina, glass or carbon
- composites consisting of polymer and at least one mineral compound or ceramic for example, the Sulzer Chemtech Membrane PDMS 1070 membrane Systems.
- membranes based on MFI zeolites be they membranes based of silicalite, based on MFI zeolite completely dealuminated, exhibit a selectivity normal / isoparaffins and can therefore be used in the context of the present invention.
- the selectivity of this type of membrane is essentially based on a difference in diffusivity between linear compounds, diffusing faster because offering a diameter significantly lower kinetics than the micropore diameter of the zeolite, and the connected compounds, diffusing more slowly because having a kinetic diameter close to that of micropores.
- the operating temperature of the membrane will be between the temperature ambient temperature and 400 ° C, and preferably between 80 ° C and 300 ° C.
- the linear olefins and paraffins ( ⁇ -section) separated from the petrol fraction in unit B, are sent to an oligomerization reactor, represented by unit C, by via line 3.
- This unit C contains an acid catalyst.
- the hydrocarbons present in the mixture of paraffins and linear olefins will undergo moderate oligomerization reactions, this is to say in general dimerizations or trimerizations, the conditions of the reaction being optimized for the production of a majority of hydrocarbons with carbon numbers is predominantly between 9 and 25, and preferably between 10 and 20.
- the catalyst of unit C can be chosen from the group formed by silicoaluminates, titanosilicates, mixed titanium alumina, clays, resins, mixed oxides obtained by grafting at least one organometallic, organosoluble or water-soluble compound (selected from the group consisting of alkys and / or alkoxy metals having at least one such as titanium, zirconium silicon, germanium, tin, tantalum, niobium) on an oxide support such as alumina (gamma, delta, eta forms, alone or in mixture), silica, silica aluminas, titanium silicas, zirconia silicas, or any other solid having any acidity.
- organometallic, organosoluble or water-soluble compound selected from the group consisting of alkys and / or alkoxy metals having at least one such as titanium, zirconium silicon, germanium, tin, tantalum, niobium
- an oxide support such as alumina (gamma
- the catalyst used to carry out the oligomerization comprises at least a metal of group VIB of the periodic table, and advantageously an oxide of said metal.
- Said catalyst may further comprise an oxide support selected from the group formed by aluminas, titanates, silicas, zirconia, alumino-silicates.
- a particular embodiment of the invention consists in implementing a mixture of at least two of the catalysts mentioned above.
- the pressure of the unit C is most often such that the charge is in liquid form. This pressure is in principle between 0.2 MPa and 10 MPa, preferably between 0.3 and 6 MPa, and more preferably between 0.3 and 4 MPa.
- the volume flow ratio of load on the catalyst volume (also called hourly volume velocity or VVH) can be between 0.05 liter / liter.hour and 50 liters / liter.hour, preferably between 0.1 liter / liter.hour and 20 liters / liter.hour, and even more preferably between 0.2 liter / liter.hour and 10 liters / liter.hour.
- reaction temperature should have been between 15 ° C and 300 ° C, preferably between 60 ° C and 250 ° C, and more particularly between 100 ° C and 250 ° C for optimize the quality of the products obtained.
- the effluent from the unit (C) is then sent via line 4 in one or several distillation columns shown in the diagram of Figure 1 by the unit (D).
- This cut consists mainly of olefins and diolefins resulting from the polymerization of linear olefins.
- This cup can be hydrogenated in a unit conventional hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst and under operating conditions well known to those skilled in the art. These olefins are then converted into paraffins linear.
- the effluent of the hydrogenation unit (E) is a cetane gas oil greater than 45 and preferably greater than 50.
- the ⁇ cut consists mainly of non-reactive linear paraffins during the oligomerization reaction.
- This cut conveyed by line 5, is mixed with the hydrogen, conveyed via line 10, is injected into a dehydrogenation unit (F).
- Water or any other compound likely to decompose into water under the conditions of dehydrogenation may be added to the charge.
- the amount of water present in the load hydrocarbons, (this water may be generated by the decomposition of another compound, as for example an alcohol, an aldehyde, a ketone, an ether), will be between 1 and 10000 ppm weight of water relative to the hydrocarbon charge.
- the dehydrogenation unit (F) operates under temperature conditions between 400 ° C and 520 ° C, preferably between 450 ° C and 490 ° C.
- the pressures of the dehydrogenation unit (F) are between 0.05 MPa and 1 MPa, preferably between 0.1 MPa and 0.5 MPa.
- the ratio of the volume flow rate of the feedstock to the catalyst volume is between 1 h -1 and 500 h -1 , preferably between 15 h -1 and 300 h -1 .
- the molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon is between 1 and 20 mol / mol, and preferably between 4 and 12 mol / mol.
- the dehydrogenation catalyst of the unit (F) may be chosen from catalysts known to those skilled in the art for the dehydrogenation of short paraffins ranging from C 2 to C 5 or long paraffins ranging from C 10 to C 14.
- the catalyst thus consists of a metal phase supported on a support whose specific surface is advantageously between 5 and 300 m 2 / g.
- This catalyst support comprises at least one refractory oxide which is generally selected from the group IIA, IIIA, IIIB, IVA or IVB metal oxides of the periodic classification of elements such as, for example, magnesium oxides, aluminum, silicon, zirconium alone or mixed with each other, or as a mixture with oxides of other elements of the Periodic Table. We can also use the coal.
- the dehydrogenation catalyst of the unit (F) may also contain a sulfur compound, at a weight content of sulfur element generally between 0.005 and 1% with respect to the catalyst mass.
- the catalyst of the unit (F) may also contain one or more additional elements typically allowing to limit the acidity of the support such as alkaline or alkaline earth, with a weight percentage of 0.01% to 3%.
- alkaline and / or alkaline earth compounds on the one hand, and halogenated substances may be adjusted to modify the content of alkylaromatics, and / or branched paraffins formed during the reaction of dehydrogenation.
- the diesel cut will for example be favored by the use of a catalyst of dehydrogenation having from 0.01% to 3% of at least one alkaline and / or alkaline earth metal and less than 0.2% of halogenated compound.
- the proportion of aromatic compounds resulting from this dehydrogenation step may also be minimized by a judicious choice of operating conditions, known to those skilled in the art.
- VVH charge-to-volume ratio
- H2 / HC ratio makes it possible to limit the formation of aromatics during the dehydrogenation step (F).
- a VVH value of between 15 and 300 h -1 , and an H 2 / HC value of between 4 and 12 will generally be preferred.
- the petrol cut will for example be favored by the use of a catalyst of dehydrogenation having 0.1% to 3% of a halogenated compound, and less than 0.5% of an alkaline and / or alkaline earth metal.
- the catalyst may in some cases not contain alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
- the proportion of aromatic compounds resulting from this dehydrogenation step (F) may also be optimized by a judicious choice of operating conditions, known to those skilled in the art.
- VVH charge-to-volume ratio of catalyst
- the step of dehydrogenating paraffins to olefins is also accompanied, in addition to branched aromatic and paraffin compounds, diolefin formation and optionally other unsaturated compounds such as alkynes, triolefins.
- diolefins The formation of diolefins is strongly influenced by the thermodynamic equilibrium between paraffins / olefins / diolefins.
- the effluent from the unit (F) discharged via the line (11) is mixed with hydrogen supplied by the line (12) and then sent to a selective hydrogenation unit (G) whose purpose is the elimination by hydrogenation of the small quantities of diolefins and possible alkynes and triolefins, without affecting the olefins and aromatic compounds formed in the unit (F).
- This selective hydrogenation operates in pressure ranges between 1 MPa and 8 MPa, and preferably between 2 MPa and 6 MPa.
- the temperature is between 40 ° C and 350 ° C, and preferably between 40 ° C and 250 ° C.
- the ratio of the volume flow rate of charge to the volume of catalyst is between 0.5 and 10 m 3 / m 3 / hour and preferably between 1 and 5 m 3 / m 3 / hour.
- the catalyst of the hydrogenation unit (G) consists of a support based on silica, or of alumina on which is deposited a metal type nickel, platinum or palladium.
- the catalyst of the hydrogenation unit (G) may also consist of mixtures of nickel and molybdenum or mixtures of nickel and tungsten.
- the effluent of the unit (G) contains mainly linear paraffins, olefins and aromatics. This so-called cup ⁇ cut, is then recycled in whole or in part by the line (13) at the entrance of the unit (B).
- Example 1 corresponds to the invention and will be better understood by following FIG.
- Example 2 is a comparative example
- the load is a FCC gasoline with a boiling point between 40 ° C and 150 ° C.
- This gasoline contains 10 ppm nitrogen.
- This charge is sent to a purification reactor A containing a solid a mixture of 20% alumina and 80% by weight of zeolite of the mordenite type.
- the zeolite used in the present example has a silicon / aluminum ratio of 45.
- the pressure of the purification unit is 0.2 MPa.
- the ratio of the liquid volume flow rate of the charge to the acid solid volume (VVH) is of 1 liter / liter.hour.
- the temperature of the reactor is 20 ° C.
- Table 1 gives the composition of the initial charge and that of the effluent from unit A ( ⁇ cut).
- the charge rate used is 1 kg / h. characteristics of the charge and effluent of unit A.
- Charge A Effluent of unit A Nitrogen (ppm) 10 0.2 Paraffins (% wt) 25.2 25.1 Naphthenes (% wt) 9.6 9.8 Aromatic (% by weight) 34.9 35 Olefins (% by weight) 30.3 30.1
- the effluent from unit A ( ⁇ cut) is then sent to a membrane reactor B consisting of a support based on ⁇ -alumina on which is deposited a layer of zeolite MFI with a thickness of between 5 and 15 ⁇ m.
- the pressure of the membrane reactor B is equal to 0.1 MPa and the temperature is equal to 150 ° C.
- Table 2 gives the composition of effluents from unit B ( ⁇ cut and ⁇ cut). effluent characteristics of stage B (before recycling). ⁇ cut ⁇ cup Yield (%) (relative to the ⁇ cut) 8.8 91.2 Production (g / h) 88 912 Paraffins (% wt) 45.5 23.1 Naphthenes (% wt) 10.7 Aromatic (% by weight) 38.5 Olefins (% by weight) 54.5 27.7
- the ⁇ cut from the membrane separation unit is injected into an oligomerization reactor (C) containing a catalyst consisting of a mixture of 50% by weight of zirconia and 50% by weight of H 3 PW 12 O 40 .
- the pressure of the unit is 2 MPa, the ratio of the volumetric load flow on the volume of catalyst (VVH) is equal to 1.5 liters / liter.hour.
- the temperature is set at 170 ° C.
- the heavy cut ⁇ is sent to a hydrogenation reactor (E) containing a catalyst comprising an alumina support on which nickel and molybdenum (marketed by AXENS under the trade name HR348, brand Mark).
- the pressure of the unit is 5 MPa, the ratio of the volumetric load flow on the volume of catalyst (VVH) is equal to 2 liters / liter.hour.
- the ratio of the injected hydrogen flow rate to the feed rate is equal to 600 liters / liter.
- the reactor temperature is 320 ° C.
- the light cut ⁇ distillation range 40 ° C-200 ° C from the distillation step (D), is mixed with hydrogen with a hydrogen to hydrocarbon molar ratio of 6 moles / mole, then sent to the dehydrogenation unit (F).
- the total pressure of the dehydrogenation unit (F) is equal to 0.3 MPa, and the temperature is 475 ° C.
- the ratio of the volume flow rate of charge to the volume of catalyst (VVH) is equal to 20 liters / liter.hour.
- the catalyst used in the dehydrogenation unit (F) is sold by AXENS under the reference DP 805, registered trademark.
- composition of the section ⁇ resulting from the dehydrogenation (F) or ⁇ section is presented in Table 5 and compared to the charge of the dehydrogenation unit (F) or cut ⁇ .
- characteristics of the effluent from unit F ( ⁇ section) Cup ⁇ ⁇ section Linear paraffins (% by weight) 100 85.1 Branched paraffins (% by weight) 0.3 Olefins (% by weight) 12 Aromatic (%) 2 Diolefins (% by weight) 0.6
- This section ⁇ is mixed with hydrogen and sent to a reactor hydrogenation product (G) containing a catalyst marketed by AXENS under the reference LD 265, registered trademark.
- the pressure of the unit is 2.8 MPa, the temperature is equal to 90 ° C, and the flow ratio
- the volume of charge on the volume of catalyst (VVH) is equal to 3 liters / liter / hour.
- composition of the ⁇ -section resulting from this selective hydrogenation is compared with that of the ⁇ -section in Table 6.
- characteristics of the effluent from unit G ⁇ cut
- ⁇ section ⁇ cut Linear paraffins (% by weight) 85.1 85.2 Branched paraffins (% by weight) 0.3 0.3 Olefins (% by weight) 12 12.5 Aromatic (%) 2 2 Diolefins (% by weight) 0.6 0
- This section ⁇ is completely recycled at the entrance of the membrane reactor (B).
- Paraffins and linear olefins are thus found in the new ⁇ -section obtained after recycling and thereby increase the diesel yield.
- the present method makes it possible to obtain, from a petrol cut from an FCC, a cut gasoline ( ⁇ cut) with an improved octane number compared to that of the cut initial (97 against 92) and a diesel cut, effluent of the unit (E), with high cetane number (55), perfectly compatible with marketing to European specifications and US.
- Example 2 corresponds to the prior art and consists in sending directly to a unit of oligomerization (C) a gasoline fraction of FCC ( ⁇ cut) whose boiling point is between 40 ° C and 150 ° C.
- C unit of oligomerization
- ⁇ cut gasoline fraction of FCC
- This gasoline contains 10 ppm nitrogen.
- This charge is sent to a purification reactor A containing a solid a mixture of 20% alumina and 80% by weight of zeolite of the mordenite type.
- the zeolite used in the present example has a silicon / aluminum ratio of 45.
- the pressure of the purification unit is 0.2 MPa.
- the ratio of the liquid volume flow rate of the charge to the acid solid volume (VVH) is of 1 liter / liter.hour.
- the temperature of the reactor is 20 ° C.
- Table 7 gives the composition of the initial charge and that of the effluent from unit A.
- the charge rate used is 1 kg / h. characteristics of the charge and effluent of unit A.
- Charge A Effluent of unit A Nitrogen (ppm) 10 0.2 Paraffins (% wt) 25.2 25.1 Naphthenes (% wt) 9.6 9.8 Aromatic (% by weight) 34.9 35 Olefins (% by weight) 30.3 30.1
- the heavy cut ⁇ ' is sent to a hydrogenation reactor (E) containing a Alumina catalyst on which nickel and molybdenum are deposited.
- the pressure of the unit (E) is 5 MPa
- the ratio of the flow rate of charge on the catalyst volume (VVH) is equal to 2 liters / liter.hour.
- the ratio of hydrogen flow injected on the charge flow is equal to 600 liters / liter.
- the reactor temperature of the unit (E) is 320 ° C.
- the characteristics of the effluent from the unit (E) which are those of a diesel fuel, are presented in Table 8. characteristics of the effluent from unit E Effluent of unit E Density at 20 ° C (kg / l) 0.787 Sulfur (ppm) 1 Motor cetane index 35
- the gas oil obtained according to the scheme of Example 2 is unfit for marketing, which is not the case of that obtained in Example 1 according to the invention.
- the final gasoline cut ⁇ ' has an octane number of 85, lower than obtained in Example 1, which can make marketing problematic.
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Abstract
Description
- une coupe légère dite coupe δ, comprenant les hydrocarbures dont le point d'ébullition final est inférieur à une température comprise entre 150°C et 200°C,
- une coupe lourde dite coupe η, comprenant les hydrocarbures dont le point d'ébullition initial est supérieur à une température comprise entre 150°C et 200°C,
- van de Graaf, J.M., van der Bijl, E., Stol, A., Kapteijn, F., Moulijn, J.A., dans Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research ("Recherche en genie des procédés industriels"), 37, 1998, 4071-4083;
- Gora, L., Nishiyama, N., Jansen, J.C., Kapteijn, F., Teplyakov, V., Maschmeyer, Th., dans Separation Purification Technology ("Technologies de séparation/purification"), 22-23, 2001, 223-229;
- Nishiyama, N., Gora, L., Teplyakov, V., Kapteijn, F., Moulijn, J.A., dans Separation
- Coronas, J., Falconer, J.L., Noble, R.D., dans AIChE Journal ("Journal de l'Association de Ingénieurs en Génie des Procédés"), 43, 1997, 1797-1812;
- Gump, C.J., Lin, X., Falconer, J.L., Noble, R.D., dans Journal of Membrane Science ("Journal de la science des membranes"), 173, 2000, 35-52.
Les sélectivités de séparation observées avec des membranes à base de zéolithes MFI appliquées à la séparation n-hexane / diméthylbutane sont encore plus élevées :
- 200 à 400 tel que cité dans la publication de Coronas, J., Noble, R.D., Falconer, J.L., dans Industrial Engeneering and Chemical Research ("Recherche en génie des procédés industriels"), 37, 1998, 166-176;
- de 100 à 700 (Gump, C.J., Noble, R.D., Falconer, J.L., dans Industrial Engeneering and Chemical Research ("Recherche en génie des procédés industriels"), 38, 1999,2775-2781;
- de 600 à plus de 2000 (Keizer, K., Burggraaf, A.J., Vroon, Z.A.E.P., Verweij, H., dans
- une coupe δ dite légère dont le point final de distillation est compris entre environ 150°C et environ 200°C, de préférence entre 150°C et 180°C.
- une coupe η dite lourde dont le point initial d'ébullition est compris entre environ 150°C et environ 200°C, de préférence entre 150°C et 180°C. Cette coupe est transportée par la ligne 6 vers l'unité (E).
| caractéristiques de la charge et de l'effluent de l'unité A. | ||
| Charge A | Effluent de l'unité A | |
| Azote (ppm) | 10 | 0,2 |
| Paraffines (%poids) | 25,2 | 25,1 |
| Naphtènes (% poids) | 9,6 | 9,8 |
| Aromatiques (% poids) | 34,9 | 35 |
| Oléfines (% poids) | 30,3 | 30,1 |
| caractéristiques des effluents de l'étape B (avant recyclage). | ||
| Coupe β | Coupe γ | |
| Rendement (%) (par rapport à la coupe α) | 8,8 | 91,2 |
| Production (g/h) | 88 | 912 |
| Paraffines (%poids) | 45,5 | 23,1 |
| Naphtènes (% poids) | 10,7 | |
| Aromatiques (% poids) | 38,5 | |
| Oléfines (% poids) | 54,5 | 27,7 |
| Production et composition des coupes δ et η | ||
| Coupe δ | Coupe η | |
| Production (g/h) | 39,6 | 48 |
| Paraffines (%) | 100 | |
| Oléfines (%) | 100 |
| caractéristiques de l'effluent issu de l'unité E | |
| effluent de l'unité E | |
| Densité à 20°C (kg/l) | 0,787 |
| Soufre (ppm) | 1 |
| Cétane moteur | 55 |
| caractéristiques de l'effluent issu de l'unité F (coupe µ) | ||
| Coupe δ | Coupe µ | |
| Paraffines linéaires (%poids) | 100 | 85,1 |
| Paraffines ramifiées (%poids) | 0,3 | |
| Oléfines (% poids) | 12 | |
| Aromatiques (%) | 2 | |
| Dioléfines (%poids) | 0,6 |
| caractéristiques de l'effluent issu de l'unité G (coupe λ) | ||
| Coupe µ | Coupe λ | |
| Paraffines linéaires (%poids) | 85,1 | 85,2 |
| Paraffines ramifiées (%poids) | 0,3 | 0,3 |
| Oléfines (% poids) | 12 | 12,5 |
| Aromatiques (%) | 2 | 2 |
| Dioléfines (%poids) | 0,6 | 0 |
| Comparaison des caractéristiques de la coupe initiale α et de la coupe finale γ. | ||
| Coupe α | Coupe γ finale | |
| Paraffines (%poids) | 25,2 | 22,9 |
| Naphtènes (% poids) | 9,6 | 10,4 |
| Aromatiques (% poids) | 34,9 | 37,8 |
| Oléfines (% poids) | 30,3 | 27,6 |
| Indice d'octane RON | 92 | 97 |
| caractéristiques de la charge et de l'effluent de l'unité A. | ||
| Charge A | Effluent de l'unité A | |
| Azote (ppm) | 10 | 0,2 |
| Paraffines (%poids) | 25,2 | 25,1 |
| Naphtènes (% poids) | 9,6 | 9,8 |
| Aromatiques (% poids) | 34,9 | 35 |
| Oléfines (% poids) | 30,3 | 30,1 |
- une coupe légère δ' d'intervalle de distillation 40°C-200°C obtenue avec un rendement poids de 70%,
- une coupe lourde η' comprenant les hydrocarbures dont le point de distillation initial est supérieur à 200°C, obtenue avec un rendement poids de 30%.
| caractéristiques de l'effluent de l'unité E | |
| Effluent de l'unité E | |
| Densité à 20°C (kg/l) | 0,787 |
| Soufre (ppm) | 1 |
| Indice cétane moteur | 35 |
| caractéristiques des coupes α et δ' | ||
| Coupe α | Coupe δ' | |
| Production (g/l) | 1000 | 700 |
| Paraffines (%poids) | 25,2 | 36,2 |
| Naphtènes (% poids) | 9,6 | 13,7 |
| Aromatiques (% poids) | 34,9 | 50,1 |
| Oléfines (% poids) | 30,3 | |
| Indice d'octane RON | 92 | 85 |
Claims (13)
- Procédé de transformation d'une charge hydrocarbonée de type essence, comprenant de 4 à 15 atomes de carbone, en une coupe essence de nombre d'octane supérieur à celui de la charge et une coupe gazole d'indice de cétane supérieur à 45, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :a) une étape de séparation par membrane (B) de la charge hydrocarbonée dans des conditions permettant la séparation sélective de la majorité des oléfines linéaires présentes dans ladite charge et constituant la coupe β, la coupe contenant la majorité des oléfines ramifiées, dite coupe γ, constituant une essence à fort indice d'octane, supérieur à celui de la charge.b) une étape d'oligomérisation (C) des oléfines linéaires (coupe β) contenues dans les effluents issus de l'étape de séparation sur membrane (B) dans des conditions d'oligomérisation modérées,c) une étape de séparation par distillation (D) des effluents issus de l'étape d'oligomérisation en au moins deux coupes :une coupe δ comprenant les hydrocarbures dont le point d'ébullition final est inférieur à une température comprise entre 150°C et 200°C,une coupe η comprenant les hydrocarbures dont le point d'ébullition initial est supérieur à une température comprise entre 150°C et 200°C,d) une étape d'hydrogénation (E) de la coupe η permettant d'obtenir un gazole d'indice de cétane au moins égal à 45.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 comprenant en outre après l'étape d) une étape e) de déshydrogénation (F) de la coupe δ permettant de convertir une partie au moins des paraffines en oléfines, et produisant une coupe µ qui est, au moins en partie, recyclée à l'étape de séparation par membrane (B).
- Procédé selon la revendication 2 dans lequel la coupe µ issue de l'étape de déshydrogénation (F) subit une hydrogénation sélective (G), en vue d'éliminer les dioléfines de manière à produire une coupe λ qui est recyclée au moins en partie à l'étape de séparation par membrane (B).
- Procédé selon la revendication 2 dans lequel la coupe µ issue de l'étape de déshydrogénation (F) de la coupe δ, est mélangée au moins en partie avec la coupe γ, issue de l'unité de séparation par membrane (B).
- Procédé selon la revendication 3 dans lequel la coupe λ issue de l'étape d'hydrogénation sélective (G) est au moins en partie mélangée avec la coupe γ, issue de l'étape de séparation par membrane (B).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 dans lequel l'étape d'oligomérisation (C) est effectuée à une pression comprise entre 0,2 et 10 MPa, un rapport de débit volumique de charge sur volume de catalyseur (VVH) compris entre 0,05 litre/litre.heure et 50 litres/litre.heure, une température comprise entre 15°C et 300°C, et en présence d'un catalyseur comprenant au moins un métal du groupe VIB de la classification périodique.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 dans lequel l'étape de séparation sur membrane est réalisée avec une membrane telle que celles utilisées dans les procédés de nanofiltration ou d' osmose inverse, ou de perméation en phase gaz, ou de pervaporation.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans lequel l'unité de séparation par membrane utilise une membrane à base de film formé de tamis moléculaire de type silicates, aluminosilicates, aluminophosphates, silicoalumino-phosphates, métalloaluminophosphates, stanosilicates ou un mélange d'au moins un de ces deux types de constituants.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans lequel l'unité de séparation par membrane utilise une membrane à base de zéolithes de type MFI ou ZSM-5, natives ou ayant été échangées avec des ions H+; Na +; K+; Cs+; Ca+; Ba+.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans lequel l'unité de séparation par membrane utilise une membrane à base de zéolithes de type LTA.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 dans lequel le catalyseur de déshydrogénation de l'unité (F) est constitué d'une phase métallique déposée sur un support, ce support comportant au moins un oxyde réfractaire choisi parmi les oxydes de métaux des groupes IIA, IIIA, IIIB, IVA ou IVB de la classification périodique des éléments.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 dans lequel le catalyseur de l'unité (F) contient un ou plusieurs éléments additionnels choisi parmi les alcalins ou les alcalino-terreux, avec un pourcentage pondéral compris entre 0,01% et 3%.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12 comprenant une étape (A) d'élimination d'au moins une partie des impuretés azotés ou basiques contenues dans la charge initiale d'hydrocarbures, cette étape (A) étant située en amont de l'unité de séparation par membrane (B).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0406097A FR2871168B1 (fr) | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | Procede d'amelioration de coupes essences et de transformation en gazoles avec traitement complementaire permettant d'augmenter le rendement de la coupe gazole |
| FR0406097 | 2004-06-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1602705A1 true EP1602705A1 (fr) | 2005-12-07 |
| EP1602705B1 EP1602705B1 (fr) | 2008-11-12 |
Family
ID=34942341
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05291115A Expired - Lifetime EP1602705B1 (fr) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-05-24 | Procédé d'amelioration de coupes essences et de transformation en gazoles avec traitement complementaire permettant d'augmenter le rendement de la coupe gazole |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7705193B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1602705B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4860188B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1706919B (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE602005010937D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2871168B1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012076758A3 (fr) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-10-04 | Neste Oil Oyj | Procédé pour la production de composants de distillat moyen à partir de composants d'essence |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2871167B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-04 | 2006-08-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'amelioration de coupes essences et de transformation en gazoles |
| RU2344161C1 (ru) * | 2007-05-14 | 2009-01-20 | Олег Юрьевич Иванов | Способ переработки смеси жидких углеводородов и установка для его осуществления |
| FR2952646B1 (fr) * | 2009-11-13 | 2012-09-28 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production de carburants kerosene et diesel de haute qualite et de coproduction d'hydrogene a partir de coupes saturees legeres |
| FR2975103B1 (fr) | 2011-05-12 | 2014-08-29 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de production de coupes kerosene ou gazole a partir d'une charge olefinique ayant majoritairement de 4 a 6 atomes de carbone |
| FR2980195B1 (fr) | 2011-09-20 | 2013-08-23 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de separation du pentene-2 d'une coupe c5 contenant du pentene-2 et du pentene-1 par oligomerisation selective du pentene-1 |
| US9834492B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2017-12-05 | Uop Llc | Process for fluid catalytic cracking oligomerate |
| US9522373B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2016-12-20 | Uop Llc | Apparatus for oligomerizing light olefins |
| US9522375B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2016-12-20 | Uop Llc | Apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking oligomerate |
| US9644159B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2017-05-09 | Uop Llc | Composition of oligomerate |
| US9567267B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2017-02-14 | Uop Llc | Process for oligomerizing light olefins including pentenes |
| US9663415B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2017-05-30 | Uop Llc | Process for making diesel by oligomerization of gasoline |
| US9434891B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2016-09-06 | Uop Llc | Apparatus for recovering oligomerate |
| US9441173B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2016-09-13 | Uop Llc | Process for making diesel by oligomerization |
| US9278893B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2016-03-08 | Uop Llc | Process for making gasoline by oligomerization |
| US10508064B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2019-12-17 | Uop Llc | Process for oligomerizing gasoline without further upgrading |
| US9914673B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2018-03-13 | Uop Llc | Process for oligomerizing light olefins |
| PT107381B (pt) | 2013-12-23 | 2018-07-04 | Inst Superior Tecnico | Processo de oligomerização catalítica utilizando um reactor catalítico para a oligomerização de olefinas em c4-c7 |
| US10378427B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2019-08-13 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Nitrogen enriched air supply for gasoline compression ignition combustion |
| US10508017B2 (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-12-17 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Point-of-sale octane/cetane-on-demand systems for automotive engines |
| US10378462B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-13 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Heat exchanger configuration for adsorption-based onboard octane on-demand and cetane on-demand |
| US10436126B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-10-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Adsorption-based fuel systems for onboard cetane on-demand and octane on-demand |
| US10422288B1 (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2019-09-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Adsorbent circulation for onboard octane on-demand and cetane on-demand |
| US10408139B1 (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2019-09-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Solvent-based adsorbent regeneration for onboard octane on-demand and cetane on-demand |
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| US5591345A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1997-01-07 | Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland | Membrane for separating off small molecules and method for the production thereof |
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| JP2002348579A (ja) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-12-04 | Nard Inst Ltd | ゼオライト系分離膜を用いた炭化水素混合物の分離方法、および分離して炭化水素を得る方法 |
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| CN1209441C (zh) * | 2002-11-01 | 2005-07-06 | 石油大学(北京) | 催化汽油改质油气的分离方法和装置 |
| FR2871167B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-04 | 2006-08-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'amelioration de coupes essences et de transformation en gazoles |
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2004
- 2004-06-04 FR FR0406097A patent/FR2871168B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-05-24 DE DE602005010937T patent/DE602005010937D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-05-24 EP EP05291115A patent/EP1602705B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-06-03 CN CN200510076016.1A patent/CN1706919B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-06 US US11/144,740 patent/US7705193B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-06 JP JP2005164957A patent/JP4860188B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| DE3030998A1 (de) * | 1980-08-16 | 1982-04-01 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von kraftstoffen mit einem ueberwiegenden anteil an dieseloel |
| US4456779A (en) * | 1983-04-26 | 1984-06-26 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic conversion of olefins to higher hydrocarbons |
| US20030171632A1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2003-09-11 | Du Toit Francois Benjamin | Process and apparatus for the production of diesel fuels by oligomerisation of olefinic feed streams |
| US20040033370A1 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2004-02-19 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Thin zeolite membrane, its preparation and its use in separation |
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| WO2012076758A3 (fr) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-10-04 | Neste Oil Oyj | Procédé pour la production de composants de distillat moyen à partir de composants d'essence |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7705193B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
| CN1706919B (zh) | 2011-06-08 |
| JP2005344119A (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
| EP1602705B1 (fr) | 2008-11-12 |
| FR2871168A1 (fr) | 2005-12-09 |
| DE602005010937D1 (de) | 2008-12-24 |
| US20060009670A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
| JP4860188B2 (ja) | 2012-01-25 |
| CN1706919A (zh) | 2005-12-14 |
| FR2871168B1 (fr) | 2006-08-04 |
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