EP1596029A1 - Shuttering for cavity - Google Patents

Abstract

The formwork has an assembling device (3) integrating edges (21) of formwork components (2) and comprising a rigid covering part (31) supported on outer sides (22) of the components bordering a gap. A rod (32) fixed to the rear of the part receives a wedge (33) having two lateral supports (35) for being supported against inner sides of the components. A nut is screwed on the rod for blocking the assembly formed by the components.

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a reservation formwork whose section is a closed contour, this formwork being composed of elements assembled according to this contour form.

State of the art

Reservation forms are used in the building to form bookings in a vertical wall (or window, door ...) or on a slab (reservation of stairs, elevator, etc ...). Such forms can also be used in civil engineering for civil engineering works, dams, to form custom-made reservations.

Currently, to make such reservation forms, for example for openings, formwork elements are used consist of bastaings that are placed along the sides of the reservation to do. In general, we install a bastaing at the bottom, two bastaings on the sides and a horizontal bastaing at the top. The spacing between the bastaings is maintained by props or candles and, at the corners, as the bastaings are sized to a less than the length of the reservation to be made, we complete the corners with small styrofoam blocks for easy stripping.

For stripping, after removing the candles, take off the bastaings of the concrete. But at the corners, polystyrene remains generally hooked which requires intervention, especially that the corners to be clean must be possibly reworked.

It is also known to provide, at the corners, a foam angle. But for the bastaings or formwork elements can come off easily and do not get stuck in the reservation, the game must be relatively important.

Another solution is to make a formwork under the a frame slightly smaller than the size of the reservation and to apply on the outer side, a layer of polystyrene. To dismantle, it is then possible to tear off the rigid formwork, the plates of polystyrene remaining, in general, glued against the walls of the reservation. It is then necessary to detach this polystyrene and evacuate it.

Another known way to facilitate the stripping is to put fruit in the formwork, that is to say, transversely incline the sides of the formwork which will have a pyramid shape of square section or rectangular and the slope of the sides will allow stripping.

There are also different types of formwork such as those described in documents AU 561 883 B DOBSON DE 25 46 374 A DEXLER HEINZ KG, DE 200 08 418 U SUNDMACHER, CH 678 207 TO HIRSI, DE 39 29 923 TO BAUMANN. But these formwork implement a corner piece having a cover piece which is simply tightened to the two formwork elements together without using a piece to wedge effect likely to create a thrust in the longitudinal direction formwork elements. In these circumstances, we can not create thrust exerted in the longitudinal direction of the elements to be assembled. The principles used in these different formwork solutions do not allow the simple assembly and disassembly of a formwork and, in particular, powering up or stripping, building on the elements of the formwork.

Thus, the known forms have the disadvantage of not assemble and disassemble simply and quickly. These known forms leave a reservation that must be cleaned and evacuated pieces of polystyrene sheets, not reusable.

Purpose of the invention

The present invention aims to develop a formwork making it possible to form tailor-made bookings, which are simply dismount, quickly and allow to make a reservation clean, requiring no cleaning or finishing once the formwork is removed.

Description and advantages of the invention

• la longueur des éléments réunis est inférieure à la longueur de la section du coffrage assemblé pour laisser au moins un intervalle entre les bords d'éléments voisins,
• les bords délimitant un intervalle de section trapézoïdale dont le petit côté est situé vers l'extérieur du coffrage et le grand côté, vers l'intérieur et ces bords sont solidarisés par un dispositif d'assemblage comprenant :
  • une pièce de recouvrement rigide, de section adaptée à la forme du contour au niveau de cet intervalle et de longueur supérieure à celle de l'intervalle pour s'appuyer sur les deux côtés extérieurs des éléments bordant l'intervalle et couvrir l'intervalle,
  • au moins une tige fixée à l'arrière de la pièce de recouvrement,
  • au moins un coin de largeur adaptée à celle de l'intervalle, muni d'un passage pour être engagé sur la tige filetée et comportant deux appuis latéraux pour être poussé dans l'intervalle et s'appuyer contre le côté intérieur des éléments par ses appuis latéraux,
  • un écrou vissé sur la tige filetée pour bloquer l'assemblage formé par les deux éléments, la pièce de recouvrement et le coin en poussant le coin dans l'intervalle et ses appuis latéraux contre le côté intérieur des éléments bordant l'intervalle.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a formwork of the type defined above characterized in that

• the length of the joined elements is less than the length of the section of the formwork assembled to leave at least one gap between the edges of neighboring elements,
• the edges delimiting a trapezoidal section gap whose small side is located towards the outside of the formwork and the long side, inwards and these edges are secured by an assembly device comprising:
  • a rigid cover piece, of section adapted to the shape of the contour at this interval and of length greater than that of the interval to bear on the two outer sides of the elements bordering the gap and cover the gap,
  • at least one rod attached to the rear of the cover piece,
  • at least one wedge width adapted to that of the interval, provided with a passage to be engaged on the threaded rod and having two lateral supports to be pushed in the gap and bear against the inner side of the elements by its lateral supports,
  • a nut screwed onto the threaded rod to block the assembly formed by the two elements, the cover and the corner by pushing the corner in the gap and its lateral supports against the inner side of the elements bordering the gap.

The formwork according to the invention is intended for producing reservations of any section, closed, curved or generally polygonal shape but without limitation, rectangular shapes or square, whether openings in walls or niches or still in slabs. In a simple way, for a reservation of form rectangular or square, the formwork will generally consist of two L-shaped elements assembled at the free end of the two branches of this L-shaped using every time a assembly device as defined above.

The two parts of the formwork are joined together before the formwork is put in place to form the rectangular curved frame or more generally polygonal. This frame is placed at the location of the reservation between two banks used to sink the wall or slab surrounding the reservation.

When the forms are removed, after having removed the banches, it is easy to dismantle the formwork after disassembling these corner joints; the two parts of the formwork, the dimensions of which are then less than corresponding sides of the reservation, can be easily removed more than the formwork provided, on its external face, perfectly flat sheet metal smooth, do not stick to the walls of the reservation.

According to another advantageous characteristic, the nut is integrally connected in traction and thrust to the wedge-shaped piece to push it into the gap when the nut is screwed to close assembly in one direction and to pull the wedge out of the gap when the nut is screwed in the opposite direction to open the assembly and remove.

This nut realization greatly facilitates use of the reservation formwork because to clear the corner, just unscrew the nut to benefit from the effect of reducing the threading and pull the wedge initially locked in the gap at a time by tightening the formwork at the time of its completion and especially by the efforts exerted on the elements of the formwork and consequently also on the junction of these elements and the corner by poured concrete.

According to another advantageous characteristic, the piece of cover has a depth equal to that of the formwork. This facilitates realization since there is only one piece to install. However, if formwork has an important depth, it can be interesting to have several covering pieces.

• au moins certains éléments ont une longueur inférieure à celle du côté correspondant du polygone de la réservation et ils laissent, entre leurs bords, un intervalle situé à un sommet du polygone, les deux bords de deux éléments délimitant l'intervalle étant inclinés par rapport au contour pour former au niveau du coin un intervalle de section trapézoïdale dont le petit côté est situé vers l'extérieur du coffrage et le grand côté vers l'intérieur,
• la pièce de recouvrement étant une pièce rigide en forme de dièdre d'angle α correspondant à celui du sommet du polygone de la section du coffrage,
• la tige filetée étant fixée à l'arrière de cette pièce au niveau de l'arête intérieure du dièdre, sensiblement suivant sa bissectrice.

According to another advantageous characteristic, to make a reservation formwork of polygonal shape and in particular square or rectangular,

• at least some elements have a length less than that of the corresponding side of the polygon of the reservation and they leave, between their edges, an interval located at a vertex of the polygon, the two edges of two elements delimiting the interval being inclined relative to the contour to form at the corner a trapezoidal sectional gap whose short side is located towards the outside of the formwork and the long side towards the inside,
• the covering piece being a rigid piece in the form of a wedge of angle α corresponding to that of the top of the polygon of the section of the formwork,
• the threaded rod being fixed to the rear of this piece at the inner edge of the dihedron, substantially along its bisector.

The cover piece preferably has beveled edges or else the edges at the overlap of the elements of formwork are recessed in the corresponding sides of the formwork to be level with this one.

According to another advantageous characteristic, the angle of the dihedral is slightly lower than that of the top of the formwork.

As the dihedral is tightened with respect to the angle of the vertex of the polygon to be combed, the tightening of the assembly makes it possible to force the edges of the wings of the dihedron against the outer surface of the elements and to ensure an excellent watertightness at this place avoiding concrete same liquid can not infiltrate at the junction of the two formwork elements and come into the assembly device.

In the case of a covering part joining two formwork elements aligned, that is to say at the level of an outline part straight or curved, the curvature will generally be stronger than the curvature formwork permanently assembled. In the case of two aligned elements, the cover will be slightly curved or slightly shaped dihedron. In the case of a curved contour at the level of interval at the junction of two elements, the covering piece will have a curvature stronger than the curvature of the contour.

According to another advantageous characteristic, the support is a plate lining the edge of the element in particular cut on the tab.

According to another advantageous characteristic, in the case of an element whose edge is straight like for example a bastaing, and if the thickness is not sufficient to form an interval of sufficient size, the edge of the element is trimmed with a section of which one side forms the face of the gap and the other is the support surface to receive support side of the corner.

According to another interesting characteristic, in the case such a support, the profile is an L-shaped section with one side comes against the edge of the element or at the right edge and the other side, inside, comes flat against the inner face of the element, the inner side of this section bearing an angle bracket whose one side constitutes the surface support for the lateral support of the corner and the other the face of the gap.

• un petit côté venant contre la tranche de l'élément de coffrage se poursuivant par
  • un retour venant sur le côté intérieur de l'élément de coffrage, suivi
  • d'une partie en forme de cornière dont un segment forme la surface d'appui et de guidage du coin et l'autre segment, sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe XX du dispositif d'assemblage se termine par un côté venant à plat contre le côté intérieur de l'élément de coffrage.

According to another advantageous characteristic, the support piece intended to be fastened to the edge of a formwork element, in the form of a slice of profile or folded sheet metal strip has

• a small side coming against the edge of the formwork element continuing through
  • a return coming on the inside of the formwork element, followed
  • an angle-shaped part of which one segment forms the bearing surface and guide the wedge and the other segment, substantially perpendicular to the axis XX of the assembly device ends with a side coming flat against the inner side of the formwork element.

- une première comprenant un petit côté suivi d'un retour et d'une patte de réglage, cette première partie étant fixée à l'élément de coffrage, et

- une seconde partie étant la pièce en forme de cornière ayant un segment formant la surface d'appui et de guidage du coin et l'autre segment étant sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe du dispositif d'assemblage pour se terminer par un côté venant à plat contre le côté de l'autre partie pour être fixé à celle-ci de manière réglable par une tige filetée fixée à sa patte et traversant l'autre patte de la première partie en étant bloquée sur celle-ci après réglage par deux écrous.

According to an advantageous characteristic for adapting the device to irregular forms, take account of cutting errors or slight differences in length, the support piece fixed to the edge of a formwork element is adjustable and this support piece is characterized in that it is formed of two parts,

a first comprising a small side followed by a return and an adjusting tab, this first part being fixed to the formwork element, and

a second part being the angle-shaped piece having a segment forming the support and guiding surface of the wedge and the other segment being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the assembly device and ending with a side coming to flat against the side of the other part to be fixed thereto in an adjustable manner by a threaded rod fixed to its leg and passing through the other leg of the first part being locked thereon after adjustment by two nuts.

- le coin est une pièce à quatre branches opposées deux à deux en forme de croix grecque, bordant une partie centrale munie d'un orifice pour le passage de la tige filetée,

- deux branches opposées de forme trapézoïdale, destinées à s'engager entre les segments des pièces d'appui portées par les éléments de coffrage,

- les deux autres branches formant des appuis latéraux bordant l'orifice et se terminant par des pattes repliées à l'équerre, destinées à s'engager dans des fentes réalisées dans chaque segment des appuis,

- l'écrou ayant un manchon fileté terminé par une butée venant sur le dessus de la partie centrale du coin et une butée venant contre le dessous de la partie centrale en étant solidarisée à l'autre butée ou au manchon pour tenir le coin en translation suivant l'axe tout en permettant la libre rotation de l'écrou par rapport au coin.

This assembly device is completed by a wedge also preferably made from a folded sheet blank, characterized in that

- the corner is a piece with four opposite branches two by two in the shape of a Greek cross, bordering a central portion provided with an orifice for the passage of the threaded rod,

two opposite branches of trapezoidal shape, intended to engage between the segments of the support pieces carried by the formwork elements,

the two other branches forming lateral supports bordering the orifice and ending with tabs folded at right angle, intended to engage in slots made in each segment of the supports,

the nut having a threaded sleeve terminated by a stop coming on the top of the central part of the corner and a stop coming against the underside of the central part being secured to the other stop or the sleeve to hold the wedge in translation along the axis while allowing the free rotation of the nut relative to the corner.

The assembly device consisting of support pieces and of the sheet metal corner integrally in translation with the nut, constitutes a a particularly interesting solution for both the manufacture and the use. In addition, the simple modification of the angle of the dihedral of the room overlap and bending angle between the two segments of the piece assimilated to an angle, allow to adapt this assembly device to the joining of formwork elements according to a polygonal profile other than a rectangle or a square.

The covering part is advantageously constituted by a sheet metal part folded along a dihedron and reinforced by a gusset in order to maintain the angle of the dihedral and to serve at the same time to the fixing the threaded rod, in the axis of the assembly device, for example by welding.

It is also noteworthy that the devices are interchangeable for corners corresponding to one same angle for example for rectangular or square forms, we can use the same assembly devices that is to say the same pieces of cover with the same corners and their nut.

drawings

• la figure 1 est un schéma de principe d'un coffrage selon l'invention,
• la figure 2 est un schéma du dispositif d'assemblage de deux éléments de coffrage tels que des bastaings au niveau d'un coin, en partie finale de montage,
• la figure 3A est une vue éclatée d'un dispositif d'assemblage de coffrage selon la figure 2,
• la figure 3B montre l'étape suivante de la mise en place du dispositif d'assemblage,
• la figure 3C est une coupe d'un profilé d'appui pour équiper le bord d'un élément de coffrage tel qu'un bastaing,
• la figure 4 est une vue en coupe d'un écrou du dispositif d'assemblage selon la figure 2,
• les figures 5A, 5B montrent deux états du coin et de son écrou,
  • la figure 5A correspond à la fermeture de l'assemblage et la mise en pression,
  • la figure 5B correspond à l'extraction du coin et au démontage de l'assemblage et du coffrage,
• la figure 6 montre un exemple de trois éléments de coffrage de type bastaings, réunis par deux dispositifs d'assemblage selon l'invention,
• la figure 7 est une vue de face d'une variante de réalisation d'un dispositif d'assemblage représenté sans les éléments de coffrage,
• la figure 8A est une vue en perspective du dispositif d'assemblage selon la figure 7 en position d'installation ou de démontage, montrant les éléments de coffrage,
• la figure 8B montre le dispositif d'assemblage de la figure 8A en position d'assemblage (sans les éléments de coffrage auxquels il est fixé),
• la figure 9A est une vue en perspective d'une pièce d'appui du dispositif assemblé selon la variante de la figure 7,
• la figure 9B montre, en vue de côté, la pièce d'appui de la figure 9A, installée sur un élément de coffrage,
• la figure 10A est une vue de côté d'une pièce de recouvrement du dispositif d'assemblage de la figure 7,
• la figure 10B est une vue de dessus de la pièce de recouvrement de la figure 10A,
• la figure 11A est une vue en perspective de dessous d'un coin du dispositif d'assemblage de la figure 7,
• la figure 11B est une vue de côté du coin de la figure 11A, muni de son écrou,
• la figure 11C est une vue en coupe axiale tournée de 90° du coin et son écrou représentés à la figure 11B,
• les figures 12A, 12B montrent schématiquement une vue en coupe d'un coffrage d'angle installé dans une partie en béton coulée et montrant d'une part, la première phase de démontage et d'autre part, la phase de décrochage,
• la figure 13 est une vue en coupe schématique d'un coin et d'un écrou selon une variante de réalisation,
• la figure 14 est une vue de dessus d'une variante de réalisation d'un élément de recouvrement,
• la figure 15 est une vue en coupe d'un assemblage d'angle de deux éléments de coffrage à l'aide de pièces d'appui réglables,
• la figure 16 montre un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'assemblage entre deux éléments de coffrage selon l'invention,
• la figure 17A montre l'étape initiale de l'installation de l'assemblage d'angle de la figure 16,
• la figure 17B montre la seconde étape de l'installation de l'assemblage dont la figure 16 est l'étape une fois assemblée,
• la figure 18 est une vue schématique d'un coffrage en deux parties, de forme rectangulaire, réunies par deux dispositifs d'assemblage installés à deux sommets opposés du coffrage,
• la figure 19 montre une variante de réalisation d'un coffrage cintré, ayant un dispositif d'assemblage selon une première variante,
• la figure 20 est une vue en coupe analogue à celle de la figure 19 pour l'assemblage d'éléments de coffrage suivant un plan,
• la figure 21 est une vue en coupe analogue aux vues précédentes montrant l'assemblage d'éléments de coffrage suivant un angle avec un dispositif d'assemblage analogue à celui des figures 19 et 20.

The present invention will be described below in more detail using embodiments of reservation forms schematically shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a formwork according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 is a diagram of the device for assembling two formwork elements such as bastaings at a corner, at the final assembly part,
• FIG. 3A is an exploded view of a formwork assembly device according to FIG. 2,
• FIG. 3B shows the following step of setting up the assembly device,
• FIG. 3C is a section of a support profile for equipping the edge with a formwork element such as a bastaing,
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a nut of the assembly device according to FIG. 2,
• FIGS. 5A and 5B show two states of the wedge and its nut,
  • FIG. 5A corresponds to the closure of the assembly and the pressurization,
  • FIG. 5B corresponds to the extraction of the wedge and the dismantling of the assembly and the formwork,
• FIG. 6 shows an example of three formwork elements of the bastair type, joined by two assembly devices according to the invention,
• FIG. 7 is a front view of an alternative embodiment of an assembly device represented without the formwork elements,
• FIG. 8A is a perspective view of the assembly device according to FIG. 7 in the installation or dismounting position, showing the formwork elements,
• FIG. 8B shows the assembly device of FIG. 8A in assembly position (without the formwork elements to which it is fixed),
• FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a support piece of the assembled device according to the variant of FIG. 7,
• FIG. 9B shows, in side view, the support piece of FIG. 9A, installed on a formwork element,
• FIG. 10A is a side view of a cover piece of the assembly device of FIG. 7,
• FIG. 10B is a view from above of the cover piece of FIG. 10A,
• FIG. 11A is a perspective view from below of a corner of the assembly device of FIG. 7,
• FIG. 11B is a side view of the corner of FIG. 11A, provided with its nut,
• FIG. 11C is a 90 ° axial sectional view of the wedge and its nut depicted in FIG. 11B,
• FIGS. 12A, 12B schematically show a sectional view of a corner formwork installed in a poured concrete part and showing, on the one hand, the first disassembly phase and, on the other hand, the stall phase,
• FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a corner and a nut according to an alternative embodiment,
• FIG. 14 is a view from above of an alternative embodiment of a covering element,
• FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an angle assembly of two shuttering elements with adjustable support parts,
• FIG. 16 shows another embodiment of an assembly device between two formwork elements according to the invention,
• FIG. 17A shows the initial step of installing the corner assembly of FIG. 16,
• FIG. 17B shows the second step of the installation of the assembly of which FIG. 16 is the step once assembled,
• FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic view of a formwork in two parts, rectangular in shape, joined by two assembly devices installed at two opposite peaks of the formwork,
• FIG. 19 shows an alternative embodiment of a curved formwork, having an assembly device according to a first variant,
• FIG. 20 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 19 for the assembly of shuttering elements in a plane;
• Figure 21 is a sectional view similar to the previous views showing the assembly of shuttering elements at an angle with an assembly device similar to that of Figures 19 and 20.

Description of embodiments

According to the block diagram of FIG. 1, the invention relates to a reservation formwork 1, that is to say a prismatic frame or cylindrical in the general sense of the term, and used to make reservations in a concrete wall or slab. The third dimension of this reservation formwork, here called conventionally "depth", is the dimension perpendicular to the plane and corresponds to the thickness of the wall or slab.

The reservation forms have some form; in general, it is a closed contour of rectangular or square shape and more generally polygonal. But this outline can also have a rounded shape, for example circular or elliptical. The reservation formwork 1 is composed of one or more elements 2 assembled by their edges 21 following the shape of the outline C of the section of the reservation to achieve. In principle, the number of elements (2) can even be reduced to one only, then of curved shape or closed in C leaving an IN interval open between the two ends 21.

Indeed, in the formwork 1 according to the invention, the elements 2 once joined have a length less than the length of the section of the assembled formwork (or the reservation to be made) so as to leave a an interval IN between at least two edges 21 of two neighboring elements 2 (or the facing edges 21 of the single element 2 in the case envisaged above). The formwork elements 2 may be metallic elements or in wood or mixed wood / metal technique. The outer surface 22 is usually covered with sheet metal, wood, plywood or other material or coating to finish the surface of the reservation and avoid the attachment of the formwork element 2 to the concrete once poured and hardened.

The two edges 21 which delimit the interval IN are inclined relative to the contour C of the section of the reservation to form a trapezoidal section interval whose small side IN1 is turned towards the outside E of the formwork 1, that is to say towards the concrete and the large side IN2 is turned inwardly of the formwork 1. These edges 21 are joined by a assembly device 3 composed of several parts.

Thus, this assembly device consists of a piece of rigid cover 31 forming a cover and the shape of the section corresponds to the contour C of the reservation, spanning the interval IN. This piece 31 has a length significantly greater than that of the interval so that, in the position shown, it can rely on the two outer sides or outer surfaces 22 of the two edges 21 opposite. The depth of this piece is equal to the depth of the formwork of reservation 1 so that once set up as indicated, this piece 31 not only relies on the outer sides 22 of the elements 2 but closes this gap IN hermetically to avoid the penetration of the milt of the concrete. Unreferenced edges of the wings of the piece 31 are preferably either bevelled or integrated in the thickness of element 2 so as not to exceed it. This piece, usually made of sheet metal, on its inner side (side facing inwards I of the formwork) a threaded rod 32, welded. Depending on the depth of the room, several stems threads are welded to the back of the workpiece, usually in the middle plane of the piece 31, so that when the piece is put in place, the threaded rods 32 are in the median plane of the IN interval. These rods 32 are, moreover, preferably perpendicular locally to the piece 31, to where they are soldered.

The threaded rod 32 receives a corner 33 of width adapted to that of the IN interval. This corner 33 also has a trapezoidal section, of which the angle corresponds substantially to that of the edges 21 of the gap. The angle of the wedge 33 can be of the order of 10 ° (that is to say 5 ° for each side of the trapezoidal section with respect to the median axis represented by the threaded shaft).

Although, for general reasons of symmetry and distribution effort and simplicity of manufacture, it is interesting that the corner is symmetrical, it can also be asymmetrical with sides inclined differently from its median plane.

This corner 33 has a passage or piercing 34 to be engaged on the threaded rod 32, its small side oriented in the same way as the small IN1 side of the trapezoidal shape of the IN interval. On the inside, corner 33 ends with an edge forming on each side a support lateral 35.

Finally, the assembly device 3 comprises a nut 36 screwed onto the threaded rod 32 to block the assembly. For that, we screw the nut 36 to push the corner between the edges 21 defining the interval IN until the lateral supports 35 of the corner 33 are tight against the inner side 23 of the edge 21 of each element 2. The assembly composed of the covering piece 31, its threaded rod 32, its corner 33 and its nut 36 then secures the two elements 2 of the formwork 1.

Depending on the depth of the formwork, the device assembly 3 comprises one or more threaded rods 32 carried by the covering piece 31 which is, except in exceptional cases, unique for each IN interval.

Similarly, the assembly device 3 may have only one only corner 33 engaged on one or more threaded rods 32.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device assembly 3 associated with two elements 2 of curved shape. The same device of assembly applies to planar elements for a polygonal contour and in particular rectangular or square section of the booking.

The formwork is assembled on site or in the factory. He is putting himself in place between two panels used to sink a wall or a slab of concrete. Cast concrete exerts a strong push on the formwork and compresses in particular the assembly of the reservation formwork and its compressed assembly devices.

To dismantle the formwork once the shutters are removed, Extract the formwork from the reservation. Thanks to the invention, this extraction or disassembly is very simple despite the compression possibly very strong formwork in his reservation. Indeed, the nut secured 36 in translation of the corner 33 which, when mounting the reservation formwork, allows to tighten the assembly device 3 constituted by the covering piece 31, the corner 33 also ensures the release of the corner 33 for the formwork. The nut is unscrewed and as it is solidary in translation of the corner 33, it pulls the corner 33 out of the interval IN between the edges 21 of the elements 2. The taper of the edge 21 of the elements 2 and the corresponding corner 33, allow this release despite the formwork more or less strongly compressed by concrete.

The traction exerted on the corner 33 by the nut 36 in the sense of clearance effectively clears the corner 33 of the interval between the edges of the elements because the covering piece 31 relies on its outside side against the reservation that can receive this effort since the concrete took.

The interval thus cleared makes it possible to move slightly one elements 2 bordering this interval IN to extract it then go to other elements 2 taking advantage of the space each time released.

The formwork of the invention generally presented above will be described in more detail for two embodiments shown in Figures 2 to 6 and Figures 7 to 9 using the same references as above to designate the same elements or similar elements. Generally speaking, the formwork shown in FIGS. at 6 is mainly intended for the shallow reservation formwork with bastaings. It is thus limited by the section of the bastaings.

The variant represented in FIGS. 7 to 9 enables reservation forms of any depth.

According to FIG. 2, a first embodiment of formwork represented only at a corner is a polygonal formwork especially rectangular or square and the corner assembly is done at square. This is for example a formwork for a reservation opening such as a window or a door.

The formwork 1 uses two elements 2 such as panels or bastaings whose edges 21 located on the side of the assembly are each provided with a support piece 4, screwed or glued at a time against the slice and against the side by screws or not shown lag bolts. The assembly has a symmetrical shape with respect to the bisecting plane of the corner.

Figure 3A shows the formwork in the start position assembly, with start of implementation of the covering piece 31 on the corner between the two edges 21 of the elements 2.

FIG. 3B shows the support of the covering piece 31 before setting up the corner.

These support pieces 4 are identical and formed of a profile an exemplary section of which is shown in FIG. 3C. The section has a L shape with a small side 41 and a large side 42. The long side 42 door, outside, a rectangular angle 43, inclined relative to the bisecting plane (or with respect to any other angular reference) for form with the angle 43 of the support piece 4 carried by the edge 21 of the other element 2, an interval IN of trapezoidal section as described with reference to FIG. 1: the side 43-1 of the angle 43 forms the surface support for the lateral support 34 of the corner 33 and the side 43-2 forms the face of the interval IN receiving the corner 33.

The assembly device 3 comprises, in this case, also a cover piece 31 here in the form of dihedral (wings 311) in sheet metal bearing one or more threaded rods 32 welded on the inner side the edge 312 of the dihedron; this piece 31 caps the outer sides 22 of the edges of two bastaings 2 in the assembly position as shown in Figure 3A.

Note (Figure 3A) that the dihedral has an angle α slightly less than 90 ° (eg 85 °) so as to cover the area well meeting two panels or bastaings 2, applying the free edge each wing 311 of the dihedron against the outer face 23 of the bastaing and tightens so that the concrete does not seep in and can not inside the assembly. The same remarks as those made above about the edges of the piece also apply here. The edges of the piece 31 may be bevelled or in an integrated variant in the elements 2 to be level with the outer surface of these elements.

As before, the assembly device comprises also a wedge 33 carried by a nut 36 as described below and which is screwed on the rod 32.

Figure 4 is a view of a nut 36 according to the invention. This nut is in the form of a diabolo: it consists of a sleeve 361 provided with each end of a washer forming a stop 362, 363, integral with the muff. Internally, the sleeve is at least partly threaded for screw on the threaded rod 32 carried by the cover piece 31. For facilitate its operation, the nut 36 carries ears 364 to allow the screwing, for example by hand that ends with a key or hammer. The nut 36 can be made in different ways. So according to one embodiment, the sleeve 361 is a tube whose passage 34 is threaded and the peripheral surface has a hexagonal section. Such tubes are generally sliced to form nuts. Here the nut has simply the length of the sleeve. The washers 362, 363 forming the end stops are preferably welded to the sleeve 361 after the setting up the corner (not shown in this figure). One of the pucks can also be blocked by a removable connection means like a pin. The ears 364 also welded to the sleeve 361 are elements forming levers arranged in positions diametrically opposed. These ears are two or four in number be used as a screwdriver handle for hanging a key or typing with a hammer both for tightening but also for loosening.

According to a variant shown in dotted lines, the sleeve 361 protrudes from abutment 363 and ears 364 to form a screw nut that can be tightened with a key for example a key from 30.

According to another variant, the sleeve 361 is a piece internally threaded tube and whose outer surface corresponds to a circular section and not hexagonal.

In the various embodiments, the corner 33 is a piece of wood or folded sheet. This piece can be damaged, be damaged or deformed and require replacement. For that we remove, by desoldering, one of the end stops, for example the abutment 362 that can be solder after replacement of the corner.

In this embodiment, the wedge 33 is engaged permanently on the sleeve of the nut 36 between its two stops, leaving a certain game (see Figure 5A, 5B). It is thus secured to the nut 36 in compression and in traction.

According to a variant not shown, the drilling or passage 34 of the seal 33 receiving the sleeve of the nut, opens on the bottom which allows to install the 33 corner riding on the sleeve of the nut, detachably while securing the nut in translation in the sense of thrust but also traction.

FIG. 5A shows the nut 36 provided with its corner 33, in position clamping the assembly device. The arrows F representing the thrust exerted by the nut 36 on the corner 33 to move it to the left on the rod 32. In this case, there remains an interval (d) between the corner 33 and the abutment 363 integral with the sleeve 361 at the front. At the rear, the stop 363 can be integrated into the button. The corner 33 slides freely on the sleeve 361 of the nut between the two stops.

FIG. 5B shows the nut 36 in the loosening position of corner 33. The nut is unscrewed along the threaded rod 32 secured to the room recovery (not shown here) which relies, it against the reservation. The rear stop 363 thus pushes the corner 33 to the right and releases it of the interval IN not shown here.

Figure 6 shows a partial example of assembling a reservation formwork. In this example, three bastaings 2 are gathered at two corners using assembly devices 3 according to the invention.

This solution is interesting if the formwork has dimensions important. If not, it is better to carry out the shuttering at the factory and arranging the assembly devices in diagonally opposite; the formwork for example of rectangular shape or square, will have two parts each L-shaped placed head to tail and whose free edges are joined in pairs at opposite corners of the outline.

According to another variant embodiment which can be applied to the formwork of Figure 6, the connecting devices are not provided in the corners but between two formwork elements arranged horizontally, as was generally mentioned in connection with the figure 1.

Figures 7-11C show an alternative embodiment of a assembly device according to the invention. In the drawings of this variant, we will use references identical or close to those used in the preceding figures to designate the same elements or equivalent elements, the references being completed by the suffix A.

FIG. 7 is a front view of the device assembly 3A, as a variant of the assembly device 3 shown Figures 2-6.

This assembly device is shown in FIG. 8A with the elements 2 of formwork to which it is attached and that it unites by putting them in constraint.

The assembly device 3A is composed of two parts 4A, a cover member 31A, a wedge 33A and a nut 36A. In this example, the corner 31A has a dihedron section for example slightly lower for a formwork at 90 °.

The different components of this device variant assembly 3A will be described hereinafter with the corresponding figures.

According to FIGS. 7, 9A, 9B, the support piece 4A is a piece sheet steel, folded, corresponding substantially to the shape of the piece support 4, described above but that it is constituted by a piece profile with a corner-shaped part.

Here, the support piece 4A can be either a piece of profile cut is more simply a folded and pierced steel ribbon to have the shape shown in perspective and in side view in FIGS. 9A, 9B.

This support piece 4A has a small side 41A continuing by a return 42-1A, square to the small side 41A, followed by a segment 43-2A for receiving the corner 33A and a segment 43-1A for lateral support of the corner. The 43-1A segment continues by the 42-2A side located in the continuation of the 42-1A return. The return 42-1A and the 42-2A side are intended to be applied on the inside of the shuttering element 2 while the short side 41A comes against the slice of the formwork element 2. The support piece 4A is attached to the element 2, preferably by screwing and, for this purpose, the short side 41A has screw holes 411A and similarly the 42-2A side has screw holes 423A. The segment 43-1A receiving the lateral support of the corner is provided with a transverse oblong hole or slot 432A to receive the leg extending the lateral support of the corner 33A as shown in FIGS. 7, 8A, 8B.

In the example of assembly device 3A intended to assembly of shuttering elements with a 90 ° corner, segment 43-1A receiving the lateral support makes an angle of about 135 ° to the side 42-2A so that the two formwork elements 2 to be assembled are between them an angle of 90 °. But to form the interval receiving the corner 33A, the face 43-2A against which leans and slides the corner, makes an angle about 93 ° relative to the lateral support 43-1A, that is to say a higher angle at 90 °. The angle between the face 43-2A and the return 42-1A is thus 138 °.

As already described, the assembly device 3A comprises two support pieces 4A symmetrical about the axis XX of the device or of the plane of symmetry passing through this axis XX and perpendicular to the plane of Figures 7 or 9B.

Figures 10A, 10B show the structure of the room of 31A of the assembly device 3A of Figure 7. This piece cover 31A consists of a dihedral shaped part edge 312A with two flanges 311A, forming an angle substantially between them less than 90 °. The wings 311A are joined by a gusset 313A, in triangle shape rectangle. This gusset serves both to hold the angle of two wings 311A and to fix the threaded rod 32A welded against the side of the gusset 313A.

Figures 11B-11C show the corner 33A and its nut 36A.

Corner 33A, appearing especially in the view in perspective from below of FIG. 11A, is a folded sheet metal part obtained from a flan in the shape of a Greek cross. The four branches of this piece are folded two by two substantially square to each other at the central portion 330A provided with a hole 331A for the threaded rod 32A as will be seen below.

Two opposite branches 332A constitute the corner properly said to be sinking between segments 43-2A parts 4A, to remove them and play the role of wedge. These branches 332A have a trapezoidal shape, as it appears in the side view of the Figure 11B; the slope or taper of this wedge shape corresponds substantially at the taper of the segments 43-2A of the support piece 4A. The branches 332A are folded at an angle β slightly less than 90 ° relative to the central portion 330A so that they differ slightly as shown in FIG. 11C.

The other two branches of the cross-shaped piece Greek, constituting the corner 33A, form the lateral supports 34A constituted by their surface bordering the orifice 331A and extending by legs 341A, connected, substantially perpendicular to the part central 330A; they are meant to engage in the 432A slots of the 4A support pieces to prevent the corner 33A from escaping from the bearing pieces 4A in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 7, for example under the effect of vibrations or geometric deformation of one or the other component of the assembly device 3A.

The corner 33A is assembled to the nut 36A as it appears in FIGS. 11B and 11C to constitute an integral unit in translation allowing the nut 36A to rotate relative to the corner 33A to move the corner along the XX axis by screwing and unscrewing the nut on the threaded rod 32A.

The nut 36A is thus composed as shown in FIG. 11C, a sleeve 361A provided internally with a threaded passage 362A to engage by screwing on the threaded rod 32A of the piece of recovery 31A. This sleeve 361A of the nut 36A continues with a abutment 363A intended to rest on the top of the surface 330A of the corner 33A. This abutment 363A bears integrally, for example by a weld 364A, peripheral, a stop 365A, washer-shaped provided a flange engaged in the passage 331A and overlapping the part central 330A of the corner 33A to secure the nut 36A to the translational wedge along the axis XX while leaving him the freedom of rotation.

The nut 36A has ears 366A for screwing to the hand or with a wrench as shown in Figure 11B.

The translational fastening of the nut 36A at the corner 33A allows to push the corner in the direction of the XX axis to assemble the formwork or conversely pull the corner 33A to clear it from the two pieces 4A support, always bearing on the threaded rod 32A.

In more detail, the shape and spacing of branches 332A and legs 341A are chosen to allow both the blocking and unblocking the corner 33A.

Thus, the branches 332A, folded at right angles to the plane of the central portion 330A, are spaced from the distance L (Figure 11B). As the branches 332A are folded by an angle less than 90 ° by compared to the central part 330A, they deviate with respect to the axis XX (or the plane of symmetry passing through this axis and perpendicular to the plane of the figure) but the ends of the segments 332A are spread equally of the distance L which implies that the gap L0 of their fold line compared to the central portion 330A is smaller.

Under these conditions, the position of the slot 432A is fixed by relative to the segment 43-2A (FIG. 9A) of the support piece 4A at a distance D equal to the distance between the tab 341A and the edge opposite the two branches 332A (Figure 11B).

For blocking the corner 33A, we begin by introducing branches 332A in the interval between segments 43-2A then, each leg 341A comes in a slot 432A with play so as to allow the corner 33A to enter the gap and to discard the support pieces 4A in continuing to screw to block the link.

For unblocking, the nut 36A is unscrewed. Then, when corner 33A is clear of the gap of the support pieces 4A, the legs 341A shorter, already clear of the 432A slots, you can use the corner-nut assembly 33A, 36A to take off the formwork if it remains hung on the concrete.

For this (Figure 12A), turn the corner 33A 90 ° around of the axis XX of the threaded rod 32A and the branches 332A of the corner are shown in the slots 432A of the supports 4A. The introduction of the end of 332A branches in the slots is possible because these ends are apart the same distance L that the legs 341A, that is to say the same spacing as the tabs 341A of the corner 33A which were housed there.

Then, we screw the nut 36A to lower the branches 332A in the slots 432A so as to pull on the supports 4A as indicated by the arrows parallel to the direction of the elements of formwork 2 for shearing the junction between formwork elements and concrete (Figure 12B).

Figure 13 shows, in partial section, another mode of realization of a corner assembly 33B - nut 36 B. This set consists of a corner 33B of the same shape as the corner 33A described above completed by a nut 36B provided with a hex socket surface and not earrings. This nut 36B, internally threaded to screw on a rod as the rods 32, 32A described above, has a surface 362B extended by a flange 364B to receive a washer 363B constituting a bearing surface itself secured to the top surface of the corner 33B by a weld not shown. In this assembly, the nut 36B can turn by the assembly formed by the washer 363B and 33B corner joined by a weld.

The operation of this corner is the same as that of corners 33, 33A described above.

Figure 14 shows a variant of the piece recovery. This piece 31B also consists of two wings 311B forming an angle between them, for example a right angle following the type of formwork to be assembled and carrying a 313B gusset to which is soldered a nut 314B for threadably receiving a threaded rod not shown, placed perpendicularly to the plane of FIG. This nut is completed by a locknut so as to lock the rod Threaded once screwed. This realization makes it easy to detach the threaded rod of the dihedron of the cover piece so as to have a disassembled piece, less bulky than if the threaded rod was directly welded to the gusset.

FIG. 15 shows another variant embodiment of a assembly device 3B for assembling two elements of 2B formwork, similar to the previous one. This assembly device 3B comprises a corner 33B with a nut 36B and a washer 363B as in the embodiment of Figure 13. This corner could also be similar to that of the embodiment of Figure 7.

This corner cooperates with two adjustable support members 4B, to compensate for length defects of the formwork elements 2B to adjust the interval receiving the corner 33B. In this figure, the covering piece has not been shown.

The support pieces 4B are identical and their description is will limit to one of them. Thus, the support piece 4B consists of two parts adjustable relative to each other. One of the parties fixed against the shuttering element 2B, consists of a small side 41B pursuing by a 42-1B return ended by a folded leg to the square 45B, parallel but in the opposite direction of that of the small side 41B. This part (41B, 42-1B, 45B) attached to the formwork element 2B door, adjustably, a second part consisting of the angle 43B continuing on the 42-2B side with a leg 44B to which is fixed (for example welded) a threaded rod 46B. This threaded rod crosses the leg 45B and locks relative to it by two nuts 47B, 48B so as to block this gap. The whole is complemented by another screw connection 49B so that the return 42-1B and the 42-2B side remain pressed against each other. The angle 43B cooperates with the wedge-nut 33B, 36B. It has a face 43-1B against which comes the corner pushed by the nut and a segment 43-2B against which slides the corner 33B or its branches 332B.

The adjustment device by the threaded rod 46B and the nuts 47B, 48B makes it possible to position the angle 43B with respect to the axis of symmetry XX and to have an interval between the faces 43-2B and the angles of the two supports 4B which is compatible with the dimension of the corner 33B

Figure 16 shows another embodiment of a formwork at the level of the assembly device 3 of a corner, the device being installed but not yet tight. This embodiment is suitable for example for formwork of a certain depth (perpendicular dimensions on the plane of the figure). In this example, the piece of dihedral cover 31 (311) carries one or more threaded rods 32; the formwork elements 2 which are preferably panels, do not have straight edges but 21 edges cut to the tab and each furnished with a board 5 so as to delimit the interval IN of trapezoidal section in which is placed the corner 33 and on the other hand, to form at the rear, two bearing surfaces 51 for the supports side 34 of the corner 33, pushed by the nut 36.

FIG. 17A shows the edge 21 of the two elements 2 in position assembly but without the assembly device 3.

Figure 17B shows the placement of the cover 31 on the top at the junction of the edge 21 of the two elements 2 formwork. Then, we put the corner with its nut on the threaded rod 32 and tighten the assembly from the position of Figure 12, the corner coming in between and its edges coming against the bearing surfaces.

Figure 18 shows a formwork of square or rectangular section made by assembling two sets of formwork elements L-shaped, joined at two diametrically opposed using assembly devices like those in the figures 16, 17A, 17B.

The formwork forms are formworked as indicated above with regard to the general description of the invention (figure 1).

Figure 19 schematically shows a part of a formwork bent, assembled using a 3C assembly device installed between 2C formwork elements. In this case, the cover piece 31C has a curved shape corresponding to the profile of the formwork elements 2C. The two support pieces 4C carried by the formwork elements 2C are formed by folded parts constituting the equivalent of an angle, to namely a support surface 43-1C on the top, a cooperating face 43-2C with 33C corner and a 43-3C return, 43-4C bearing against the edge of element 2C.

Setting up, blocking and unblocking this device 4C assembly are similar to what has been described above.

Figure 20 shows another 4D joining element for two formwork elements 2D planes assembled one in alignment the other. In this case, the covering piece 31D is flat and the others parts are similar to those described above. 4D supports are also plans and the 33D corner has the same shape as the modes of previous embodiment, particularly that of Figure 19. The only variant for 4D support elements is that they do not continue with a curved part but by a flat part marrying the flat surface of each 2D formwork elements.

Figure 21 shows another variant for assembling a formwork following formwork elements 2E at an angle β. In this case, the covering element 31E is folded according to the angle α of the formwork to realize and it is the same branches of the supports 4E attached to the elements formwork, the other elements of this assembly device 3E are the same as above and their description will not be detailed.

Claims (11)

Reservation formwork whose section is a closed contour, this formwork being composed of elements assembled according to this contour shape,
characterized in that the length of the elements (2) together is less than the length of the section of the formwork (1) assembled to leave at least one gap (IN) between the edges (21) of neighboring elements, the edges (21) delimiting an interval (IN) of trapezoidal section whose small side (IN1) is located towards the outside (E) of the formwork (1) and the long side (IN2), towards the inside (I) and these edges (21) are secured by an assembly device (3) comprising: a rigid cover piece (31) of section adapted to the shape of the contour (C) at this interval (IN) and longer than the length of the gap to bear on the two outer sides (22). elements (2) bordering the interval (IN) and covering the interval, at least one rod (32) attached to the rear of the cover (31), at least one wedge (33) of width adapted to that of the interval (IN), provided with a passage (34) to be engaged on the threaded rod (32) and having two lateral supports (35) to be pushed into the interval (IN) and lean against the inner side of the elements by its lateral supports, a nut (36) screwed onto the threaded rod (32) to block the assembly formed by the two elements (2), the cover (31) and the wedge (33) by pushing the wedge (33) into the interval (IN) and its lateral supports (35) against the inner side (23) of the elements (2) bordering the interval (IN). Reservation formwork according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the nut (36) is integrally connected in tension and in thrust to the wedge piece (33) to push it into the gap (IN) when the nut (36) is screwed to close the assembly in one direction and to pull the wedge (33) out of the gap (IN) when the nut (36) is screwed in the other direction to open the assembly and unclamp. Reservation formwork according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the covering piece (31) has a depth equal to that of the formwork. Reservation formwork according to claim 1, for making a polygonal shape section reservation with elements assembled according to this polygonal shape,
characterized in that at least some elements (2) have a length less than that of the corresponding side of the polygon of the reservation and they leave, between their edges (21), an interval (IN) located at a vertex of the polygon, the two edges of two elements defining the gap being inclined with respect to the contour to form at the corner a gap (IN) of trapezoidal section whose small side (IN1) is located towards the outside (E) of the formwork (1) and the long side ( IN2) inwards (E), the covering piece (31) being a rigid piece in the form of a dihedral (311) of angle α corresponding to that of the top of the polygon of the section of the formwork, the threaded rod (32) being fixed at the rear of this piece (31) at the inner edge (312) of the dihedron (311), substantially along its bisector. Reservation formwork according to claim 4,
characterized in that
the angle α of the dihedral is slightly lower than that of the top of the formwork. Reservation formwork according to claim 1,
characterized by
a plate-shaped support piece (5) intended to be fastened to the edge of the formwork element (2), cut at the miter, consisting of a plate (5) forming a support (51) for the corner (33). Reservation formwork according to claim 1,
characterized by
a support piece (4) intended to be fixed to the edge of a shuttering element, this part being provided with a profile (43), one side (431) of which is fixed to the right edge of the element (2) and its other side (432) forming a face of the gap (IN) receiving the wedge. Reservation formwork according to claim 7,
characterized in that
the profile (4, 43) is an L-shaped section piece, one side (41) of which is against the edge of the element (2) and the other side (42), inside, comes flat against the face inside the element (2), the inner side (42) and the face of the gap (IN) carrying an angle bracket (43) at right angles to form the bearing surface for the wedge (33). Reservation formwork according to claim 1,
characterized by
a support piece (4A) intended to be fixed to the edge of a form element (2), in the form of a slice of section or folded sheet metal strip having a small side (41A) coming against the edge of the formwork element (2) continuing through a return (42-1A) coming on the inner side of the formwork element (2), followed an angle-shaped part of which one segment (43-2A) forms the bearing and guiding surface of the wedge (33A) and the other segment (43-1A) substantially perpendicular to the axis XX of the device assembly (3A) ends with a side (42-2A) coming flat against the inner side of the formwork element (2). Reservation formwork according to the claim,
characterized in that
the support piece (4B) is formed of two parts, a first comprising a short side (41B) followed by a return (42-1B) and an adjustment tab (45B), this first part being fixed to the formwork element (2B), and a second part being the angle piece (43B) having a segment (43-2B) forming the bearing and guiding surface of the wedge and the other segment (43-1B) being substantially perpendicular to the axis ( XX) of the connecting device (3B) to terminate with one side (42-2B) extending flat against the side (42-1B) of the other portion to be adjustably attached thereto (49B). by a threaded rod (46B) fixed to its lug (44B) and passing through the other leg (45B) of the first part (41B, 42-1B, 45B) while being locked thereon after adjustment by two nuts (47B , 48B). Reservation formwork according to claims 1 and 10,
characterized in that the wedge (33A) is a part with four opposing two-by-two branches in the shape of a Greek cross, bordering a central portion (330A) provided with an orifice (331A) for the passage of the threaded rod (32A), two opposite branches (332A) of trapezoidal shape, intended to engage between the segments (43-2A) of the support pieces (4A) carried by the formwork elements (2), the other two branches forming lateral supports (34A) bordering the orifice (331A) and terminating with tabs (341A) folded at right angle, intended to engage in slots (432A) made in each segment (43 -1A) supports (4A), the nut (36A) having a threaded sleeve (361A) terminated by an abutment (363A) coming from above the central portion (330A) of the corner and a stop (365A) against the underside of the central portion (330A) by being secured to the other abutment (362A) or the sleeve (361A) to hold the wedge (33A) in translation along the axis while allowing the free rotation of the nut (36A) relative to the corner (33A) .

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