EP1590499A3 - Procede ameliore de plaquage de l'argent, et articles ainsi realises - Google Patents

Procede ameliore de plaquage de l'argent, et articles ainsi realises

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Publication number
EP1590499A3
EP1590499A3 EP03754690A EP03754690A EP1590499A3 EP 1590499 A3 EP1590499 A3 EP 1590499A3 EP 03754690 A EP03754690 A EP 03754690A EP 03754690 A EP03754690 A EP 03754690A EP 1590499 A3 EP1590499 A3 EP 1590499A3
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
organic substrate
solution
metallization
aqueous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03754690A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1590499A2 (fr
Inventor
Satish N. Chandra
Vinesh Naik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Noble Fiber Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Noble Fiber Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Noble Fiber Technologies LLC filed Critical Noble Fiber Technologies LLC
Publication of EP1590499A2 publication Critical patent/EP1590499A2/fr
Publication of EP1590499A3 publication Critical patent/EP1590499A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
    • C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/2073—Multistep pretreatment
    • C23C18/2086—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1644—Composition of the substrate porous substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1655—Process features
    • C23C18/1658—Process features with two steps starting with metal deposition followed by addition of reducing agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
    • C23C18/285—Sensitising or activating with tin based compound or composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
    • C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12896—Ag-base component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved, electroless silver plating method particularly suitable for the production of articles having antimicrobial and anti-static properties.
  • Metallization of organic substrates (e.g., polymeric materials) with silver and other noble metals is well known in the art.
  • One such technique is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,877,965 to Broadbent et al., which describes metallizing nylon substrates with silver and is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Articles metallized with silver have found a wide variety of uses due to the inherent antimicrobial and anti-static properties of silver.
  • silver plated nylon fibers are commonly woven into textile materials which in turn are used for consumer products (e.g., socks, wound dressings) and for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications for electronic equipment (e.g., cellular telephones, computers).
  • EMI electromagnetic interference
  • a more significant problem is the use of a surfactant (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate) during the metallization process.
  • a surfactant e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate
  • the surfactant can lead to gelling of the plating bath if the bath temperature is too low.
  • the surfactant can cause significant foaming in the plating bath, which is difficult to remove after metallization is completed.
  • foam generated during the metallization process ends up on the surface of the fibers. Once on the fiber surface, the foam becomes difficult to rinse off properly. This in turn potentially results in inhibiting silver ion release and also present adhesion issues due to the surface cracking when exposed to high temperatures. Cracking occurs as the contaminants (e.g., entrained air) are forced out under pressure from beneath the surface of the silver layer.
  • MBAS "Methylene Blue Activated Substance”
  • the present invention advantageously provides an improved method for plating ah organic substrate with silver that avoids many of the disadvantages associated with prior silver plating methods.
  • the method of the invention entails at least three (3) steps followed in sequence: (a) scouring; (b) pre-metallization; and (c) plating.
  • Organic substrates to be plated can be in the form of fibers, a textile woven from fibers, or a polymeric foam (e.g., an open cell foam).
  • the organic substrate is first scoured to prepare the surface for pre-metallization.
  • an aqueous cleaning solution is used.
  • pre-metallization solution including a tin salt and an inorganic acid.
  • pre-metallization solution omits a water-soluble or water-miscible solvent, i another embodiment, the pre-metallization solution omits a surfactant.
  • Tin salts to be used include stannous chloride, stannic chloride, and mixtures thereof.
  • Inorganic acids to be used include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the pre-metallized, organic substrate is thereafter plated with silver, which comprises ⁇ !) contacting the pre-metallized, organic substrate with an aqueous Na4EDTA solution;(ii) subsequently contacting the pre-metallized, organic substrate with an additional aqueous, silver salt solution to effect deposition of a silver oxide on the organic substrate, wherein the silver salt solution further includes a complexing agent; and (iii) contacting the organic substrate having the deposited silver oxide with a reducing agent thereby effecting formation of metallic silver on the organic substrate.
  • Particularly preferred silver salts and complexing agents are silver nitrate and aqueous ammonia, respectively.
  • a preferred class of reducing agents is reducing agents including an aldehyde functional group.
  • reducing agents include formaldehyde, rochelle salts (sodium potassium tartrate), hydrazine, dextrose, triethanol amine, glyoxal, inverted sugar, glucose, sodium borohydride, dimethyl amineborane, hydrazine borane and mixtures thereof.
  • all of the solutions in the plating step preferably omit a surfactant.
  • the present invention also provides articles prepared in accordance with the method of the invention.
  • the organic substrate further includes at least one layer of a non-noble metal disposed thereon, and is preferably disposed on the plated metallic silver layer.
  • a non-noble metal is copper.
  • the metallic silver layer is least 5 percent by weight of the article, with at least 10 percent by weight being more preferred.
  • the method of the invention allows the use of surfactants to be omitted while increasing the recovery of silver from waste products.
  • environmental concerns can be alleviated through the use of the invention as compared to prior processes.
  • FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph at 960x magnification of nylon fibers plated with the silver using the method ofthe invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph at 5000x magnification of nylon fibers plated with the silver using a prior art process.
  • the present invention provides an improved method for plating an orgamc substrate with metallic silver while avoiding many of the disadvantages associated with the prior art.
  • the method ofthe invention entails first scouring the organic substrate to prepare the surface for pre-metallization. Once the organic substrate has been sufficiently scoured, the organic substrate is contacted with an aqueous, pre-metallization solution including a tin salt and an inorganic acid. Plating is thereafter accomplished by contacting the pre- metallized, organic substrate with an aqueous Na ⁇ DTA solution that in turn is followed by contacting the pre-metallized, organic substrate with an aqueous, silver salt solution to effect deposition of a silver oxide on the organic substrate.
  • the silver salt solution further includes a known complexing agent. The deposited silver oxide is converted (i.e., reduced ) to metallic silver by contacting the organic substrate with a reducing agent thereby effecting formation of metallic silver.
  • organic substrates to be metallized with silver include any organic material capable of receiving a deposited metallic layer.
  • the organic material can be synthetic or natural with synthetic (e.g., polymeric) materials being preferred.
  • synthetic polymeric materials to be used include, but are not limited to, nylon, polyester, acrylic, rayon, and polyurethane.
  • natural materials include, but are not limited to, cellulose, and silk.
  • the organic materials can be in any physical form capable of receiving the deposited metallic layer.
  • the organic material can be in the form of filaments, fabrics, staple, chopped fibers, micronized fiber, foams, particulates and filler materials.
  • the orgamc material is in the form of a fiber or filament, or a textile matrix made therefrom.
  • the organic material is in the form of a foam, an open-cell foam (i.e., has a three-dimensional interconnected network of cells) is preferred to allow metallization throughout.
  • the organic substrate is first prepared for pre-metallization by scouring to remove debris and/or to remove any coatings or film on the material that may interfere with metallization. Scouring is a technique well known in the art and thus does not require much discussion. Typically, the material is washed with an aqueous cleaning solution that may or may not contain a surfactant (e.g., a nonionic surfactant). In accordance with the invention, reference to "aqueous" means at least a majority of the medium is water with the remaining portion being a water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvent.
  • the organic material can also be abraded using a scouring brush or equivalent device. In a preferred embodiment, scouring is accomplished with a high-speed water spray, which facilitates in-line processing and avoids the necessity of a scouring brush.
  • the material is subjected to pre-metallization with an aqueous solution of a tin salt and an inorganic acid.
  • a tin salt preferably omits a surfactant and/or a water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvent such as a d-C 4 alcohol.
  • the tin salt is a halide such as stannous chloride, stannic chloride, or mixtures thereof.
  • inorganic acids include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the tin salt is stannous chloride and the inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid. Ranges of the two components are set forth in Table 1 :
  • the organic substrate is preferably washed to remove excess salt and acid from the organic substrate that can interfere with subsequent metallization.
  • the organic substrate can be washed with a counter flow rinse with controlled water flow. This enables the removal of any excess salts and acids from the substrate material while leaving optimal amount of activated sites on the surface of the substrate.
  • Preferred levels of water flow to wash the substrate range from about 25 to about 55 gallons per minute (gpm), with 30 to 50 gpm being more preferred, and 35 to 45 gpm being more preferred.
  • metallization is accomplished in three (3) substeps.
  • An aqueous tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na 4 EDTA) is prepared into which the pre-metallized organic substrate is contacted preferably by immersing the substrate in the aqueous solution.
  • the aqueous solution is preferably prepared using de-ionized (DI) water to avoid possible contamination.
  • DI water should have a resistance of about 0.4 to about 20 megaohms, with 0.8 to 10 megaohms being preferred, and 3 to 7 megaohms being more preferred.
  • the concentration ofthe aqueous Na 4 EDTA solution should range from about 5 to about 30 percent by weight (wt.
  • the Na 4 EDTA solution omits a surfactant as is typically found in conventional silver plating processes.
  • the Na 4 EDTA solution also preferably omits caustic soda as typically found in Na 2 EDTA solutions.
  • the use of Na 4 EDTA facilitates the deposition of metallic silver with a tighter grain structure, which in turn leads to a relatively smoother surface as evidenced by examination of silver-plated nylon fiber by electron microscopy.
  • Na 4 EDTA allows a surfactant to be omitted thus alleviating environmental concerns regarding levels of surfactant in the waste effluent.
  • An aqueous silver salt solution is also prepared for subsequent contacting of the organic substrate.
  • the organic substrate is contacted with the silver salt solution by adding the silver salt solution directly to the bath containing the organic substrate and the aqueous Na 4 EDTA solution.
  • the organic substrate is contemporaneously immersed in both solutions, which is referred to as the "metallization bath.”
  • the organic substrate can be removed from the Na 4 EDTA solution and subsequently immersed in the silver salt solution.
  • One particularly preferred silver salt is silver nitrate (i.e., AgNO 3 ).
  • the silver salt solution additionally includes a complexing agent as known in the art, which form a complex in situ with the dissolved silver salt.
  • One particularly preferred complexing agent is aqueous or aqua ammonia (i.e., NH OH) which is commonly used as a complexing agent for silver nitrate.
  • aqueous or aqua ammonia i.e., NH OH
  • the silver salt solution preferably omits a surfactant.
  • the silver salt solution is preferably prepared by first dissolving the silver salt in water. Once the silver salt has been dissolved, the complexing agent is added to the solution. A precipitate of a silver oxide can form and is re-dissolved through the addition of excess complexing agent. The addition of excess complexing agent is believed to form a complex of the silver salt and the complexing agent. For example, when silver nitrate and aqua ammonia are used, a precipitate of silver oxide forms in situ which is re-dissolved upon the addition of excess aqua ammonia to provide a metallization bath having a light amber color.
  • Preferred initial weight/volume ratios of silver salt (i.e., AgX) to water (H 2 O) and of percent by volume of complexing agent are set forth in Table 2.
  • Preferred molar ratios of silver salt to complexing agent in the final metallization bath i.e., upon re-dissolution of the silver precipitate) are set forth in Table 3.
  • immersion of the organic substrate in the metallization bath results in the deposition of silver oxide on the substrate surface.
  • deposition can be confirmed by a visual inspection of the substrate undergoing a change in color due to the deposited silver oxide.
  • the organic substrate is immersed in the metallization bath prior to the addition of the reducing agent for about 30 seconds, with 20 seconds being more preferred.
  • the temperature ofthe metallization bath is not critical and can range from about 15 to about 45°C, with 20 to 30°C being more preferred.
  • the organic substrate with the silver oxide thereon is subsequently contacted with a reducing agent to convert the silver oxide to metallic silver.
  • a reducing agent to convert the silver oxide to metallic silver.
  • contacting is accomplished by adding the reducing agent directly to the metallization bath.
  • the organic substrate is removed from the metallization bath and is separately contacted (e.g., immersed) with an aqueous solution of the reducing agent.
  • Reducing agents to be used in accordance with the invention are well known in the art.
  • reducing agents to be used include, but are not limited to, formaldehyde, rochelle salts (sodium potassium tartrate), hydrazine, dextrose, triethanol amine, glyoxal, inverted sugar, glucose, sodium borohydride, dimethyl amineborane, hydrazine borane. More preferred are reducing agents containing an aldehyde functional group such as formaldehyde.
  • the addition of the reducing agent e.g., formaldehyde
  • the amount of reducing agent used ranges from about 5 to about 40 percent by weight of substrate, with 6 to 25 percent by weight being more preferred, and 8 to 22 percent by weight being even more preferred.
  • the organic substrate is removed from the metallization bath and washed.
  • the silver-plated substrate is immersed in hot water.
  • the silver-plated substrate is then preferably immersed in a weak solution of sodium hydroxide, which brightens the silver plating to a light gold color or a light gray color. This indicates that a pure layer of silver deposited on the substrate.
  • the article can be subjected to multiple rinse cycles to ensure the cleanliness of product.
  • the amount of metallic silver deposited on the organic substrate is a function of immersion time, hi accordance with the invention, the time for complete deposition of the metallic silver layer will be less than 4 hours.
  • time periods for immersing the substrate in the various solutions can easily be altered depending on the amount of deposited silver desired.
  • the amount of silver deposited on the organic substrate can range from 0.1% to 15% by weight, depending on the specific characteristics desired for the final product.
  • the deposited silver layer is at least 5 percent by weight, with at least 10 percent by weight being more preferred.
  • the actual amount of silver deposited on the substrate is easily calculated by a simple titration such as the Vollard process.
  • the adhesion ofthe plated silver is easily ascertained.
  • One simple test for adhesion ofthe silver to the substrate requires placing a sample into an oven at 200°C for about 5 minutes and then boiling the same sample for 1 hour in water. The resistance of the sample before and after heating and boiling are compared. A variation in resistance of no more than about 20 percent indicates excellent adhesion. In a more preferred embodiment, the variation of resistance is no more than 10 percent.
  • the silver-plated substrate is additionally plated with a non-noble metal such as copper as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,877,965. Copper is auto-catalytic on silver and thus can reduce itself easily for form a copper layer. Using such process up to 30% by weight of copper is deposited on to the silver-plated substrate.
  • a non-noble metal such as copper as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,877,965.
  • Copper is auto-catalytic on silver and thus can reduce itself easily for form a copper layer. Using such process up to 30% by weight of copper is deposited on to the silver-plated substrate.
  • Commercial plating solutions are available from Atotech USA, Enthone OMI, and MacDermid Corporation.
  • a 30/10 knit sample of nylon weighing 25 grams was scoured to remove any contaminants.
  • the knit sample was wrapped into a skein and scoured in counter flow de- ionized water.
  • the sample was pre-metallized with a solution containing 1 % by volume HCL and 10 grams of anhydrous tin chloride (SnCl 2 ) for about 2 minutes.
  • a silver salt solution was prepared by dissolving 0.04 grams of silver nitrate (0.1 % silver by weight target) in de-ionized water. The silver salt was then complexed with 0.045 mL of 27 % by volume aqua ammonia.
  • a tetrasodium EDTA solution was prepared by dissolving 0.002 grams Na ⁇ DTA in 1 liter of de-ionized water.
  • the skein was placed in the reactor containing the Na 4 EDTA solution and made to revolve.
  • the silver salt solution i.e., complexed silver nitrate and ammonia
  • formaldehyde After three hours the sample was removed and subjected to hot water rinse.
  • a 0.1 % by volume NaOH solution (1 liter) was prepared with a temperature of 70°C.
  • the metallized skein was then dipped into the solution and rinsed thoroughly.
  • the sample was subjected to Dow Corning Corporate Test Method 0923: organism - Staphylocococcus aureaus ATCC 7538; sample size - 0.75 grams; results - percent reduction in colony >99.9%.
  • a 30/10 knit sample of nylon weighing 25 grams was scoured to remove any contaminants.
  • the knit sample was wrapped into a skein and scoured in counter flow de-ionized water.
  • the sample was pre-metallized with a solution containing 1 % by volume HCL and 10 grams of anhydrous tin chloride (SnCl ) for about 2 minutes.
  • a silver salt solution was prepared by dissolving 1.95 grams of silver nitrate (5 % silver by weight target) in de-ionized water. The silver salt was then complexed with 2.25 ml of 27 % by volume aqua ammonia.
  • a tetrasodium EDTA solution was prepared by dissolving 0.1 grams of Na4EDTA in 1 liter of de-ionized water. Skein was placed in the reactor containing the Na 4 EDTA solution and made to revolve. The silver salt solution (i.e., complexed silver nitrate and ammonia) was added to the reactor followed by 0.8 mL of formaldehyde. After three hours the sample was removed and subjected to hot water rinse. The metallized skein was rinsed in a NaOH solution as in Example 1. The sample was subjected to Dow Corning Corporate Test Method 0923: organism - Staphylocococcus aureaus ATCC 7538; sample size - 0.75 grams; results - percent reduction in colony >99.9%.
  • Dow Corning Corporate Test Method 0923 organism - Staphylocococcus aureaus ATCC 7538; sample size - 0.75 grams; results - percent reduction in colony >99.9%.
  • a 25 gram sample of filler material including nano powders was processed following the procedure of examples 1 and 2.
  • the silver-plated sample was then subjected to Dow Corning Corporate Test Method 0923: organism - Staphylocococcus aureaus ATCC 7538; sample size - 0.75 grams; results - percent reduction in colony >99.9%.
  • a 30/10 knit sample of nylon weighing 118 grams was scoured to remove any contaminants.
  • the knit sample was wrapped into a skein and scoured in counter flow de- ionized water.
  • the sample was pre-metallized with a solution containing 10 % by volume HCL and 100 grams of anhydrous tin chloride (SnCl ) for about 2 minutes.
  • a silver salt solution was prepared by dissolving 45 grams of silver nitrate (about 22 % silver by weight target) in de-ionized water. The silver salt was then complexed with 52 mL of 27 % by volume aqua ammonia.
  • a tetrasodium EDTA solution was prepared by dissolving 2.2 grams Na 4 EDTA in 6 liters of de-ionized water.
  • the skein was placed in the reactor containing the Na 4 EDTA solution and made to revolve.
  • the silver salt solution i.e., complexed silver nitrate and ammonia
  • a 0.1 % by volume NaOH solution (5 liters) was prepared with a temperature of 70°C.
  • the metallized skein was then dipped into the solution and rinsed thoroughly. The color changed to light almost gold colored silver.
  • the sample was dried and then sent for an adhesion check.
  • the results were as follows: as is - 484 Ohms (50 cm distance) using a Keithley 580 micro-ohmmeter; after heat - 345 Ohms; and after boil - 365 Ohms.
  • a sample obtained from the silver-plated materials from example 5 was cut to make a 1.5 gram sleeve.
  • the sleeve was then placed in a beaker with 5 % by volume sodium chloride solution for a 24-hour period.
  • the solution after the 24-hour period was then tested for silver ions using a Perkin Elmer Analyst 300.
  • the same test was repeated over a period of 7 days.
  • the release of ions was consistent each day at 0.5 ppm illustrating the sustained release of silver prepared in accordance with the invention.
  • a sample obtained from the silver-plated materials from example 5 was cut to weigh 0.75 grams and subjected to Dow Corning Corporate Test Method 0923.
  • Organism used was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The sample reduced organism growth by over 99.9%.
  • a 210/34 knit nylon sample weighing 118 grams was cleaned. The sample was wrapped into a skein and scoured with a counter flow of de-ionized water. The skein was pre-metallized in a solution of 10 % by volume HCL and 100 grams of anhydrous tin chloride (SnCl 2 ) for 2 minutes. A silver salt solution was prepared by dissolving 45 grams of silver nitrate in de-ionized water. The silver salt was then complexed with 52 ml of 27 % by volume aqua ammonia. A tetrasodium EDTA solution was prepared by dissolving 2.2 grams of Na ⁇ EDTA in 6 liters of de-ionized water.
  • Skein was placed in the reactor containing the Na 4 EDTA solution and made to revolve.
  • the silver salt complex was added to the reactor and followed by 18 mL of formaldehyde. After three hours the sample was removed and subjected to hot water rinse.
  • a 0.1% by volume NaOH solution was prepared and the metallized skein was dipped into the solution. The color changed from grey to a light almost gold colored silver.
  • the silver-plated sample was then metallized with commercially available copper chemistry from Atotech USA.
  • the metallization process was carried out following the instructions suggested by supplier. Completion of the deposition of copper can be visually determined when the bath changes color from a deep blue to colorless, which indicates a complete reduction ofthe metal.
  • a 10.6 grams sample of the silver-copper material was then cut and placed in a beaker filled with 2.1 grams of Rochelle salt (i.e., sodium potassium tartrate) dissolved with de-ionized water.
  • Rochelle salt i.e., sodium potassium tartrate
  • a silver salt complex made up of 3.6 grams of silver nitrate and 4.3 mL of aqua ammonia was then poured into the sample under constant agitation. The pink color of silver-copper changed to a light brown at this time.
  • a few drops of further diluted aqua ammonia were added drop wise into the bath with an ink dropper under constant agitation. The color of the sample then started to change to a dull white and eventually a bright white color. This step took about 35 minutes to complete.
  • a sample of the silver-copper-silver material from example 8 was cut to weight 0.75 grams and subjected to Dow Corning Corporate Test Method 0923.
  • Organism used was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and the material caused a reduction of organism growth by over 99.9%.
  • SnCl 2 anhydrous tin chloride
  • a tetrasodium EDTA solution was prepared by dissolving 0.22 grams of Na EDTA was dissolved in 2 liters of de-ionized water.
  • the pre- metallized foam was placed in reactor containing the Na 4 EDTA solution and made to revolve.
  • a silver salt solution was prepared by dissolving 4.5 grams of silver nitrate in de- ionized water.
  • the silver salt solution was then complexed with 5.2 mL of 27 % by volume aqua ammonia.
  • the silver salt complex was added to the reactor and followed by 18 mL of formaldehyde. After three hours the sample was removed and subjected to hot water rinse.
  • the metallized foam was dipped into a NaOH solution as prepared in the previous examples. The color changed to a dull, white silver. Sample was dried and evaluated for resistance.
  • the silver-plated foam exhibited a resistance of 0.5 Ohms/50 cm using a Keithley 580 micro- ohmmeter.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé amélioré de plaquage d'argent sur un substrat organique utilisant en partie du Na4EDTA qui facilite la formation de grains et la récupération de l'argent présent dans des déchets. L'invention porte également sur des articles réalisés à l'aide dudit procédé.
EP03754690A 2002-09-20 2003-09-19 Procede ameliore de plaquage de l'argent, et articles ainsi realises Withdrawn EP1590499A3 (fr)

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US41230202P 2002-09-20 2002-09-20
US41230302P 2002-09-20 2002-09-20
US41230102P 2002-09-20 2002-09-20
US41230602P 2002-09-20 2002-09-20
US412302P 2002-09-20
US412303P 2002-09-20
US412301P 2002-09-20
US412306P 2002-09-20
PCT/US2003/029293 WO2004027113A2 (fr) 2002-09-20 2003-09-19 Procede ameliore de plaquage de l'argent, et articles ainsi realises

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WO2006034249A2 (fr) 2004-09-20 2006-03-30 Acrymed, Inc. Compositions antimicrobiennes amorphes
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CA2539656A1 (fr) 2004-04-01
AU2003272505A1 (en) 2004-04-08
WO2004027113A3 (fr) 2005-10-27
KR20050074951A (ko) 2005-07-19
JP2006514713A (ja) 2006-05-11
EP1590499A2 (fr) 2005-11-02
WO2004027113A2 (fr) 2004-04-01
US20040173056A1 (en) 2004-09-09

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