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  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D213/75—Amino or imino radicals, acylated by carboxylic or carbonic acids, or by sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof, e.g. carbamates

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a condensed furan compound useful as a medicament, particularly as an inhibitor of activated blood coagulation factor X, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• thromboembolic diseases such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and peripheral arterial thrombosis have increased year by year, and social importance of treatment thereof has risen more and more.
• anticoagulant therapy As well as fibrinolytic therapy and antiplatelet therapy, takes part in medical therapy for treatment and prevention of thrombosis (Sogorinsho 41: 2141-2145, 1989).
• the safety sustainable to chronic administration as well as the reliable and appropriate expression of anticoagulant activity are essential in the prevention of thrombosis.
• a coumarin derivative, especially warfarin potassium has often been used all over the world as only anticoagulant available orally.
• warfarin potassium has often been used all over the world as only anticoagulant available orally.
• it requires a long time until the drug efficacy manifests and has very long half-life in blood, although the concentration range for expression of drug efficacy is relatively narrow, and also shows significant differences in the effective dose among individuals.
• enhancement of blood clotting ability is one of significant causative factors of unstable angina, cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary embolism, Buerger's disease, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombogenesis after artificial heart valve displacement, reocclusion after blood circulation reconstruction and thrombogenesis during extracorporeal circulation, etc. Therefore, a distinguished anticoagulant that shows good dose response and lower risk of hemorrhage with few side-effects, and can exert sufficient effects upon oral administration has been desired (Thrombosis Research, 1992, vol. 68, pp. 507-512).
• Thrombin participates not only in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which is the final stage of the coagulation cascade, but also deeply in the activation and aggregation of blood platelets (Matsuo, O., "t-PA and Pro-UK", Gakusaikikaku, 1986, pp. 5-40), and an inhibitor thereof has long been the center of the research in anticoagulants as a target of development of new drugs.
• a thrombin inhibitor shows low bioavailability upon oral administration and also has drawbacks in regard to safety such as bleeding tendency as one of side effects (Biomedica Biochimica Acta, 1985, Vol. 44, p.1201-1210), and there have been no thrombin inhibitors marketed so far, which can be orally administered.
• the activated blood coagulation factor X is a key enzyme located in the position of the common pathway of both extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation cascade reactions.
• the factor Xa is located upstream from thrombin in the coagulation cascade. Therefore, the inhibition of the factor Xa is possibly more effective and specific in the inhibition of coagulation system compared to the inhibition of thrombin (Thrombosis Research, 1980, Vol. 19, pp. 339-349).
• a substance which inhibits blood coagulation factor Xa and shows distinguished enzyme selectivity and high bioavailability, is expected to undergo control of its anticoagulant activity for a long period of time and can express superior therapeutic effect upon oral administration compared to the existing anticoagulants. Accordingly, the development of a novel inhibitor of activated blood coagulation factor X (FXa inhibitor) that can be administered orally has been earnestly demanded.
• FXa inhibitor activated blood coagulation factor X
• Examples of known compounds having inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X include thiobenzamide compounds that are useful in prevention or treatment of thrombosis (WO99/42439).
• Condensed bicyclic amide compounds of the formula: which have an activity of suppressing the growth of activated lymphocytes and are useful as a drug for preventing or treating autoimmune diseases are also known (WO02/12189).
• the WO02/12189 does not mention about the inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X either.
• compounds having a condensed ring of pyridine and furan to which ring an amide and a carbamoyl groups are di-substituted are disclosed; however, those compounds all have a benzene ring on the nitrogen atom of the carbamoyl group, which benzene ring is substituted by X and Y simultaneously.
• the present invention provides novel condensed furan compounds having excellent inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the present invention is as follows:
• alkylene examples include a straight- or branched-chain alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, specifically, methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, and the like. Among them, alkylenes having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are preferred, and methylene and tetramethylene are particularly preferred.
• the alkylene may be substituted by oxo, and specific examples include propionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl, and the like.
• alkenylene examples include a straight- or branched-chain alkenylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, specifically, vinylene, propenylene, butenylene, pentenylene, and the like. Among them, an alkenylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms is preferred.
• alkenylidene examples include an alkenylidene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, specifically, vinylidene, propenylidene, butenylidene, pentenylidene, and the like.
• halogen examples include fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, and the like.
• alkyl examples include a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like. Above all, methyl is especially preferred.
• haloalkyl examples include a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms that is substituted by a halogen(s), specifically, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and the like.
• alkoxy examples include a straight chain or branched chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, and the like. Above all, methoxy is especially preferred.
• substituent of "optionally substituted amino" for R 1A , R 1B include a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like. Above all, methyl is especially preferred.
• R 1A , R 1B is halogen and alkyl, and chloro and methyl are especially preferred.
• alkyl and halogen for R 1C are the same as those defined in “alkyl” and “halogen” for R 1A , R 1B .
• Preferred substituent for R 1C is hydrogen.
• halogen examples include fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, and the like, and fluoro, chloro and bromo are preferred.
• R 2A , R 2B examples include a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, preferably, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like, and methyl and ethyl are especially preferred.
• the alkyl may have a substituent(s) such as an amino that may be substituted by C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, a C 1-6 alkoxy, carboxy, a C 2-7 alkoxycarbonyl, an optionally substituted carbamoyl, and the like.
• substituted alkyl examples include aminomethyl, methylaminomethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, methoxymethyl, carboxymethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, dimethylcarbamoylmethyl, and the like, and hydroxymethyl is especially preferred.
• R 2A , R 2B examples include a straight chain or branched chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, and the like. Above all, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy are especially preferred.
• the alkoxy may have a substituent(s) such as an amino that may be substituted by C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, a C 1-6 alkoxy, and the like. Specific examples of substituted alkoxy include aminoethoxy, dimethylaminoetoxy, hydroxyethoxy, methoxyethoxy, and the like, and methoxyethoxy is preferred.
• substituent of "optionally substituted amino" for R 2A , R 2B include C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 acyl (e.g., alkanoyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl), C 2-7 alkoxycarbonyl, and the like, specifically, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, formylamino, acetylamino, N-acetyl-N-methylamino, N-methylsulfonylamino, N-methyl-N-methylsulfonylamino, methoxycarbonylamino, tert-butoxycarbonylamino, and the like, and amino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, methylsulfonylamino and tert-butoxycarbonylamino are especially preferred.
• C 1-6 alkyl C 1-6 acyl (e.g., alkanoyl, alky
• R 2A , R 2B examples include a straight chain or branched chain alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, specifically, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, and the like.
• the alkoxycarbonyl may have a substituent(s) such as hydroxy, a C 1-6 alkoxy, an optionally substituted amino, and the like.
• substituent of "optionally substituted carbamoyl" for R 2A , R 2B include an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the like.
• the alkyl may be substituted by an amino that may be mono- or di-substituted by C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 acyl, or a C 1-6 alkoxy.
• carbamoyl examples include carbamoyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-(2-methoxyethyl)-carbamoyl, N-methyl-N-methoxyethylcarbamoyl, N-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)carbamoyl, N-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-N-methylcarbamoyl, and the like.
• N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-methoxyethylcarbamoyl and N-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-N-methylcarbamoyl are preferred.
• carbonyl substituted by an optionally substituted saturated heterocyclic group for R 2A , R 2B means, for example, a carbonyl substituted by an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom.
• Specific examples include imidazolidinylcarbonyl, pyrazolidinylcarbonyl, piperidylcarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, piperazinylcarbonyl, morpholinylcarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl, thiomorpholinylcarbonyl, thiomorpholinocarbonyl, homopiperazinylcarbonyl, homopiperidylcarbonyl, homopiperidinocarbonyl, pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, and the like, preferably, pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, piperidylcarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, piperazinylcarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl, homopiperidinocarbonyl, homopiperazinylcarbonyl, and the like.
• the saturated heterocyclic group may be substituted by an oxo and the like.
• R 2A , R 2B means, for example, a 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom, which may have a substituent(s) and can form a condensed ring.
• Specific examples include imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidyl, piperidino, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, morpholino, thiomorpholinyl, thiomorpholino, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidyl, homopiperidino, pyrrolidinyl, and the like, and preferably, pyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, piperidino, piperazinyl, morpholino, homopiperidino and homopiperazinyl.
• Examples of a substituent(s) for said saturated heterocyclic group include an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted saturated heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted acyl, an optionally substituted unsaturated heterocyclic group, oxo, and the like, and these substituents are the same as those defined in "optionally substituted saturated heterocyclic group" for Y.
• aryl examples include an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, specifically, phenyl, naphthyl, and the like.
• R 2A , R 2B means, for example, a 5- to 7-membered unsaturated heterocyclic group containing 1 to 4, preferably, 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom which may have a substitutent(s), specifically, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and the like.
• the unsaturated heterocyclic group may have a substituent(s) such as an optionally di- or mono substituted amino (substituent: C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkanoyl, etc.), an optionally substituted alkyl (substituent: amino that is mono- or di-substituted by C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkanoyl, etc.), or the like.
• a substituent(s) such as an optionally di- or mono substituted amino (substituent: C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkanoyl, etc.), an optionally substituted alkyl (substituent: amino that is mono- or di-substituted by C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkanoyl, etc.), or the like.
• Preferred examples of a substituent for R 2A , R 2B include hydrogen, halogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkoxy, an optionally substituted amino, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, an optionally substituted carbamoyl or a carbonyl substituted by an optionally substituted saturated heterocyclic group.
• Ring X examples include the following groups: wherein (a) to (f), (k) and (l) are preferred and (a), (b) and (k) are especially preferred. The following groups are particularly preferred.
• alkyl for R 3 means, for example, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like. Hydrogen is especially preferred for R 3 .
• alkyl for R 4 means, for example, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like. Hydrogen is especially preferred for R 4 .
• saturated heterocyclic group is preferably an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom, especially preferred are the said saturated heterocyclic groups having a bond on nitrogen atom.
• Ring is preferably:
• the above-mentioned compounds (1) to (110) are preferred.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound (I) includes a salt with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.; a salt with an organic acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, etc.; salt with an acidic amino acid such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.; salt with a metal such as sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, alminum, etc.; salt with an amine such as ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, etc.; or a salt with a basic amino acid such as lysine, ornithine, etc
• the compound (I) of the present invention can be in the form of quaternary salt and such a quaternary salt falls within the scope of the present compound (I).
• the compound (I) of the present invention includes a intramolecular salt. hydrate, solvate, and the like. Besides, when the compound (I) has an asymmetric carbon atom(s), it can exist as an optical isomer, and the present invention encompasses one of, or a mixture of the isomers. Moreover, when the compound (I) has a double bond(s) or a cycloalkylene group having two or more substituents on the ring, it may exist in the form of cis, trans or meso, and, when the compound (I) has an unsaturated bond such as carbonyl, it may exist in the from of a tautomerism. The present compound (I) encompasses one of, or a mixture of these isomers.
• the compound (I) of the present invention encompasses a prodrug of a compound as mentioned above.
• a prodrug include those prepared by protecting a functional group such as an amino or carboxy group of a compound (I) with a conventional protecting group.
• the compound of the present invention may be prepared according to the following processes.
• PROCESS 1 The compound (I) of the present invention can be prepared in the following manner.
• the compound (I) can be prepared by subjecting a compound (II) and a compound (III) to condensation reaction.
• the condensation of the compound (II) with the compound (III) can be carried out by subjecting these compounds to a conventional condensation reaction using a condensing agent, or converting the compound (III) into a reactive derivative (an acid halide, a mixed anhydride, a reactive ester, etc.), and reacting with the compound (II).
• the reaction can be accelerated by adding, as a catalyst, dimethylformamide or the like.
• the reaction can be facilitated or accelerated by adding 4-dimethylaminopyridine or the like.
• the acid scavenger that is used when needed includes, for example, inorganic or organic bases.
• inorganic bases include alkali metal carbonates (sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydrogen carbonates (sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, etc.) and alkali metal hydroxides (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, etc.).
• organic bases include linear tri-lower alkylamines (triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, etc.), cyclic tertiary-amines (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, etc.), aromatic tertiary amines (N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, etc.), pyridine, lutidine, collidine, etc. Above all, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and pyridine are preferred for the present reaction. If an acid scavenger is used in the present reaction, said acid scavenger may serve as a solvent.
• the present reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of - 20°C to the reflux temperature of the solvent; however, a lower temperature can be selected appropriately, if necessary.
• the reaction time is generally between 30 minutes and 24 hours; however, a longer or shorter reaction time can be selected appropriately, if necessary.
• any inert solvent which does not disturb the reaction can be used, for example, halogenated solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.), ethers (diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, etc.), nitriles (acetonitrile, etc.), dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, water, and the like.
• halogenated solvents chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, etc.
• aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, tol
• a mixed solvent comprising two or more of these solvents is also available.
• the solvents dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and pyridine are preferred, and dichloromethane, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine, and a mixed solvent thereof are especially preferred.
• PROCESS 2 Among the compounds (I), compounds wherein Y is cycloalkyl substituted by -N(G)R 5 , -NHR 5 and -N(R 5 )CH 2 R 6 , i.e., the compounds (I-a), (I-b) and (I-c), respectively, can be prepared in the following manner.
• Y 1 is cycloalkylene
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl or an unsaturated heterocyclic group
• R 6 is an optionally substituted alkyl or an unsaturated heterocyclic group
• G is an amino-protecting group such as tert-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, etc., and the other symbols are the same as defined above.
• the compound (I-b) can be prepared by condensing a compound (II) with a compound (III-a) to give a compound (I-a), and removing the amino-protecting group. Subsequently, the compound (I-c) can be prepared by subjecting the compound (I-b) to reductive alkylation using an aldehyde of the formula: R 6 CHO.
• the deprotection of compound (I-a) can be carried out by a method generally used in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
• G of the compound (1-a) is tert-butoxycarbonyl
• the said compound can be treated with an acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, etc.) in an appropriate solvent (dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, etc.) to give the compound (1-b).
• an acid e.g., hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, etc.
• an appropriate solvent dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, etc.
• the reductive alkylation of compound (I-b) can be carried out by reacting the compound (I-b) with an aldehyde (R 6 CHO) in an appropriate solvent in the presence of a reducing agent.
• any reducing agents that do not affect the amide bond etc. can be used, and examples thereof include metal reducing agents such as sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxy borohydride, sodium cyano borohydride, etc.
• any inert solvent which does not disturb the reaction can be used, for example, halogenated solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, etc.), ethers (diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, etc.), nitriles (acetonitrile, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.), water, and the like.
• halogenated solvents chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, etc.
• ethers diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran
• a mixed solvent comprising two or more of these solvents is also available, when needed. Above all, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like are preferred.
• the reductive alkylation is generally carried out at a temperature of -10°C to the reflux temperature of the solvent, preferably at a temperature of under ice-cooling to room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally between 30 minutes and 24 hours; however, a longer or a shorter reaction time can be selected appropriately, if necessary.
• the present reaction can also be conducted by catalytic hydrogenation using hydrogen under a metal catalyst (palladiumcarbon, platinum-carbon, platinum oxide, Raney Nickel, etc.) in place of the above-mentioned reducing agents.
• a metal catalyst palladiumcarbon, platinum-carbon, platinum oxide, Raney Nickel, etc.
• any inert solvent which does not disturb the reaction can be used, for example, ethers (diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.), water, and the like.
• a mixed solvent comprising two or more of these solvents is also available, if appropriate. Above all, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, methanol and ethanol are preferred.
• the present reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of - 10°C to the reflux temperature of the solvent, preferably at a temperature of under ice-cooling to room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally between 30 minutes and 24 hours; however, a longer or a shorter reaction time can be selected appropriately, if necessary.
• an organic acid such as acetic acid, or a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid can also be added in order to facilitate the reductive alkylation.
• PROCESS 3 The compound (I) of the present invention can also be prepared in the following manner.
• R is hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, or a carboxy-protecting group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• the compound (I) can be prepared by subjecting a compound (IV) and a compound (V) to condensation reaction.
• the condensation reaction of the compound (IV) with the compound (V) can be carried by heating the compounds without solvent, or by converting the compound (V) into a corresponding alminum amide compound in the presence of tri-lower alkyl alminum (trimethylalminum), sodium diethyldihydroaluminate, or the like in an appropriate solvent, and reacting with a compound (IV).
• any inert solvent which does not disturb the reaction can be used, for example, halogenated solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.), ethers (diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, etc.), hydrocarbons (hexane, etc.), dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, water, and the like, and a mixed solvent comprising two or more of these solvents. Above all, dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene, xylene and hexane are especially preferred.
• the present reaction can be carried out in a wide range of temperature from under cooling to under heating, for example, from - 10°C to the boiling point of the solvent, and especially preferably from a temperature under ice-cooling to 60°C.
• the reaction time varies depending on the solvent used; however, it is generally between 1 and 24 hours, preferably between 2 and 8 hours.
• a compound wherein R 4 is hydrogen and Ring: is wherein the symbols are as defined above, that is, a compound of the formula(II-a): wherein Ring: is and the other symbols are as defined above, can be prepared in the following manner.
• Hal is a halogen such as chloro, bromo, or the like, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• the cyclization can be carried out using a similar base to that described in regard to O-alkylation above, preferably, a base of alkali metal carbonates, potassium t-butoxide or cyclic tertiary-amines.
• any inert solvent which does not disturb the reaction can be used, for example, ketones (acetone, methylethyl ketone, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.), ethers (diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, etc.), nitriles (acetonitrile, etc.), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, etc.), dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, and the like.
• ketones acetone, methylethyl ketone, etc.
• aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, tolu
• a mixed solvent comprising two or more of these solvents is also available. Above all, ketones, amides and alcohols are preferred, and N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and t-butanol are especially preferred.
• the present reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of under ice-cooling to the reflux temperature of the solvent.
• the reaction time for the cyclization is generally between 30 minutes and 24 hours; however, a longer or a shorter reaction time can be selected appropriately, if necessary.
• a compound wherein R 4 is hydrogen and Ring: is wherein the symbols are as defined above, that is, a compound of the formula (II-b): wherein Ring: is and the other symbols are as defined above, can be prepared in the following manner. wherein the symbols are as defined above.
• the compound (IV) can be prepared in the following manner. wherein the symbols are as defined above.
• the compound (IV) can be prepared by subjecting a compound (IX) and a compound (III) to condensation reaction.
• the condensation reaction can be carried out under similar conditions to those described in PROCESS 1.
• the compound (IX-a) can be prepared by subjecting a compound (VI-a) and a compound (VII-c) to O-alkylation in the presence of a base, and cyclizing the resulting compound VIII-c.
• the respective reactions for O-alkylation and cyclization can be carried out under similar conditions to those described in PROCESS 4.
• the compound (VII-a) can be prepared in the following manner. wherein the symbols are as defined above.
• the compound (VII-a) can be prepared by subjecting a compound (X) and a compound (XI) to a conventional condensation reaction using a condensing agent, or by converting the compound (X) into a reactive derivative (an acid halide, a mixed anhydride, a reactive ester, etc.), and reacting with the compound (XI).
• the present reaction can be carried out under the similar conditions to those described in PROCESS 1.
• the process wherein a reactive derivative (acid halide) of compound (x) is used is particularly preferred.
• the compound (VII-b) can be prepared in the following manner. wherein Ac is acetyl and other symbols are as defined above.
• the compound (VII-b) can be prepared by reacting a compound (VII-a) with sodium acetate in an appropriate solvent in accordance with a conventional method for converting a halide into a hydroxyl group, and subjecting the resulting compound (XII) to solvolysis or hydrolysis.
• any inert solvent which does not disturb the reaction can be used, and amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, etc.) are preferred.
• the present reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of 0°C to 100°C; however, a higher or a lower temperature can be selected appropriately, if necessary.
• the reaction time is generally between 30 minutes and 24 hours; however, a longer or a shorter reaction time can be selected appropriately, if necessary.
• the compound (VII-b) can be prepared by treating the compound (XII) with an inorganic base or the like in a solvent such as alcohol (methanol, ethanol, etc.), water or the like, or with an alkali metal alkoxide or an inorganic base in an inert solvent.
• the inorganic base usable in the present reaction includes alkali metal carbonates (sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, etc.), and alkali metal carbonates are especially preferred.
• the alkali metal alkoxide usable in the present reaction includes sodium methoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, and the like.
• any inert solvent which does not disturb the reaction can be used, for example, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-butanol, etc.), water, amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, etc.), ethers (diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), and the like.
• a mixed solvent comprising two or more of these solvents is also available. Above all, methanol and water are preferred.
• a compound wherein R 5 is hydrogen can be prepared in the following manner. wherein Ra is alkyl such as methyl, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• the compound (XIII-b) can be prepared by converting the compound (XII) into a compound (XIII) through Curtius Rearrangement reaction, wherein the compound (XII) is treated with an azide compound in an appropriate solvent in the presence of a base and, if necessary, an activating agent, and treating with an alcohol.
• the compound (XIII-a) can be prepared by hydrolyzing the compound (XIII-b).
• Examples of the base usable in the Curtius Rearrangement reaction include triethylamine, diisopropyl-ethylamine, and the like.
• the activating agent usable in the Curtius Rearrangement reaction when needed, includes methyl chlorocarbonate, ethyl chlorocarbonate, isopropyl chlorocarbonate, isobutyl chlorocarbonate, phenyl chlorocarbonate, and the like.
• the azide compound usable in the Curtius Rearrangement reaction includes sodium azide, diphenylphosphorylazide, and the like.
• Examples of the solvent usable in the Curtius Rearrangement reaction include toluene, xylene, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethylformamide, chloroform, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, tert-butyl alcohol, and the like.
• tert-butyl alcohol is used as a solvent, the alcohol treatment below is not necessarily required and the compound (XIII-b) can be obtained only through the above-mentioned treatment.
• the Curtius Rearrangement reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of -20°C to 150°C; however, a higher or a lower temperature can be selected, if necessary.
• the reaction time for the Curtius Rearrangement reaction is generally between 30 minutes and 10 hours; however, a longer or shorter reaction time can be selected, if necessary.
• alcohol usable in the preparation of the compound (XIII-b) include straight chain or branched chain C 1-4 alcohols that may have phenyl, specifically, methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and the like.
• the reaction for obtaining the compound (XIII-b) is generally carried out at a temperature of -20°C to the reflux temperature of the solvent; however, a higher or a lower temperature can be selected, if necessary.
• the reaction time for obtaining the compound (XIII-b) is generally between 30 minutes and 24 hours; however, a longer or a shorter reaction time can be selected appropriately, if necessary.
• the resulting compound (XIII-b) can be converted into the compound (XIII-a) by subjecting the compound (XXX-b) to a known reaction for hydrolysis generally used in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
• a compound of the present invention When a compound of the present invention has an amino group, it can be N-alkylated or N-acylated by a method known in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. When a compound of the present invention has a carbamoyl group or an amide group, it can be N-alkylated by a method known in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. When a compound of the present invention has a carboxyl group, it can be esterified or amidated by a method known in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. When a compound of the present invention has an ester or an amide, it can be converted into corresponding carboxylic acid, alcohol and amine through hydrolysis or reduction by a method known in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
• a compound of the present invention When a compound of the present invention has a halogen on aryl or unsaturated heterocyclic group, it can be converted into corresponding aryl, unsaturated heterocyclic group, optionally substituted amino and alkoxy by a method known in the field of organic synthetic chemistry such as coupling reaction using palladium or nickel catalyst. When the aforementioned coupling reaction is carried out under carbon monoxide atmosphere, it can be converted into corresponding alkoxycarbonyl or an optionally substituted carbamoyl.
• the resulting compounds of the present invention thus produced can be isolated and purified by a procedure well known in the field of synthetic organic chemistry such as recrystallization, column chromatography, and the like.
• the present compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has an excellent inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X, and hence is useful in the prevention and treatment of various disorders caused by thrombi and emboli in a mammal (e.g., human, monkey, rabbit, dog, cat, pig, horse, bull, mouse, rat, guinea pig, etc.), which disorders include, for example, stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic cerebrovascular disease such as cerebrovascular spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic heart disease caused by coronary artery thrombogenesis, congestive chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary vascular disorders, economy-class syndrome, kidney disease (diabetic renal disease, chronic glomerulonephritis,
• the present compound is characterized in that it shows excellent inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X, decreased toxicity, and causes few side effects (bleeding, etc.) that are seen in the existing anticoagulants.
• the present compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include diluents, binders (e.g., syrup, gum arabic, gelatine, sorbit, tragacanth, polyvinylpyrrolidone), excipients (e.g., lactose, sucrose, corn starch, potassium phosphate, sorbit, glycine), lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, silica), disintegrants (e.g., potato starch) and wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate), and the like.
• binders e.g., syrup, gum arabic, gelatine, sorbit, tragacanth, polyvinylpyrrolidone
• excipients e.g.
• the compound (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered orally or parenterally, and be used as an appropriate pharmaceutical preparation.
• an appropriate preparation for oral administration include solid preparations (tablets, granules, capsules, powders, etc.), solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
• Examples of an appropriate preparation for parenteral administration include suppository, injections or preparation for continuous infusion prepared using distilled water for injection, physiological saline or aqueous glucose solution, etc., or inhalant.
• the dose of the compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention may vary depending on the administration routes, and the age, weight and condition of the patient, or the kind or severity of the disease, it is usually in the range of about 0.1 to 50 mg/kg/day, preferably about 0.1 to 30 mg/kg/day.
• Example 79 2- ⁇ [(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3-( ⁇ [trans-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl ⁇ amino)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (100 mg) obtained in Example 79 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 ml), and thereto are added successively morpholine (32 ⁇ l), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (50 mg) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (71 mg), and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 hours.
• reaction solution is diluted with ethyl acetate-tetrahydrofuran, and the solution is washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, water and saturated brine, dried over sodium sulfate.
• the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue is suspended in ethyl acetate-diethyl ether.
• the solid precipitates are collected by filtration to give the title compound (109 mg).
• Example 96 t-Butyl (2- ⁇ [(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ -3- ⁇ [(trans-4-pyrrolidin-1-ylcyclohexyl)carbonyl]amino ⁇ furo[3,2-b]pyridin-5-yl)carbamate (280 mg) obtained in Example 96 is suspended in dioxane (3 ml). To the suspension is added 4 N hydrogen chloride-dioxane solution (3 ml). The reaction solution is warmed to room temperature, and thereto is added methanol (2 ml), followed by stirring for 8 hours. The reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue is suspended in diethyl ether.
• Example 106 N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-3-( ⁇ [trans-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl ⁇ amino)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide
• Example 101 5-Amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3- ⁇ [(trans-4-pyrrolidin-1-ylcyclohexyl)carbonyl]amino ⁇ furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (110 mg) obtained in Example 101 is dissolved in pyridine (3 ml), and thereto is added methanesulfonyl chloride (46 ⁇ l) under ice-cooling. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction solution is added saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and the mixture is extracted with chloroform. The organic layer is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure.
• reaction solution is alkalified with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and then extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic layer is washed with saturated brine and dried over sodium sulfate, and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the resulting solid is suspended in diethyl ether-n-hexane and collected by filtration to give the title compound (80 mg).
• reaction solution is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 hours.
• To the reaction solution is poured saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and the mixture is extracted with chloroform.
• the organic layer is washed successively with water and saturated brine, and dried over sodium sulfate.
• the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (1.71 g).
• Example 120 t-Butyl ⁇ 3-[(trans-4- ⁇ [(2- ⁇ [(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)amino]-carbonyl ⁇ furo[3,2-b]pyridin-3-yl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ cyclohexyl)(methyl)-amino]propyl ⁇ carbamate
• Example 122 3-[( ⁇ Trans-4-[[3-(acetylamino)propyl](methyl)amino]-cyclohexyl ⁇ carbonyl)amino]-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide
• Example 123 6-(Acetyl)amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-( ⁇ [trans-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl ⁇ amino)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide
• Example 103 6-Amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-( ⁇ [trans-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl ⁇ amino)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (56 mg) obtained in Example 103 is treated in a similar manner to Example 122 to give the title compound (39 mg).
• Example 127 3-( ⁇ [Trans-4-(4-acetyl-2-oxopiperazin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]-carbonyl ⁇ amino)-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide
• Example 140 N 2 -(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-N 5 -(methoxyethyl)-N 5 -methyl-3- ⁇ [5-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)pentanoyl]amino ⁇ furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2,5-dicarboxamide
• Example 205 N-(3-Amino-4-chlorophenyl)-3-( ⁇ [trans-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl ⁇ amino)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide
• Example 204 N-(4-Chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-3-( ⁇ [trans-4-(3-oxomorphoin-4-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl ⁇ amino)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (50 mg) obtained in Example 204 is suspended in ethanol (3 ml), and thereto is added tin(II)chloride dihydrate (104 mg). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 hours, followed by at 50°C for 5 hours, and then at 70°C for 7 hours. After allowing to cool, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and chloroform are poured to the reaction solution. The mixture is then stirred at room temperature vigorously.
• Methyl trans-4-[(t-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexanecarboxylate (44.78 g) obtained in Reference Example 3(1) is dissolved in methanol (300 ml), and thereto is added 2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (100 ml). The mixture is then stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue are added ice-water, ethyl acetate and 10 % hydrochloric acid under ice-cooling, and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with water and saturated brine successively, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to remove the solvent under reduced pressure.
• Chloroacetyl chloride (95.5 ml) is dissolved in dichloromethane (500 ml), and thereto is added dropwise a suspension of 2-amino-5-chloropyridine (128.6 g) and triethylamine (169 ml) in dichloromethane (1000 ml) under ice-cooling.
• the reaction solution is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 0.5 hours.
• the reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure, and thereto is poured ice-water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate.
• the organic layer is washed with saturated brine, dried over sodium sulfate and treated with activated charcoal.
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-[(2-cyanopyridin-3-yl)oxy]acetamide (80.0 g) obtained in Reference Example 23 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (700 ml), and thereto is added sodium carbonate (35.2 g). The mixture is then stirred at 100°C for 10 hours. After allowing to cool, the reaction solution is concentrated to reduce the volume by 1/3 under reduced pressure. After pouring ice-water, the precipitates are collected by filtration. The resulting solid is suspended in ethyl acetate and collected by filtration. The resultant is washed with chloroform and diethyl ether successively and dried to give the title compound (48.5 g). APCI-MS M/Z:289/291[M+H] + .
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetamide (142 mg) obtained in Reference Example 22 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 ml), and thereto is added 60 % sodium hydride in oil (61 mg) under ice-cooling.
• the reaction solution is warmed to room temperature, stirred for 15 minute and cooled again with ice, followed by addition of a solution of 4-chloronicotinonitrile (105 mg) obtained in Reference Example 25 in N,N-dimethylformamide (1ml).
• the reaction solution is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and thereto is poured water under ice-cooling, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate.
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-[(3-cyanopyridin-4-yl)oxy]acetamide (195 mg) obtained in Reference Example 26 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (5 ml), and thereto is added sodium carbonate (86 mg). The mixture is then stirred at 100°C for 3 hours. After allowing to cool, the reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure, and ice-water is poured to the resulting residue. The precipitates are collected by filtration, washed with water followed and then with diethyl ether to give the title compound (171 mg). APCI-MS M/Z:289/291[M+H] + .
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-[(4-cyanopyridin-3-yl)oxy]acetamide (82 mg) obtained in Reference Example 28 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (5 ml), and thereto is added sodium carbonate (39 mg). The mixture is then stirred at 100°C for 3 hours. After allowing to cool, the reaction solution is diluted with water. The precipitates are collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to give the title compound (47 mg). APCI-MS M/Z:289/291[M+H] + .
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetamide (187 mg) obtained in Reference Example 22 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 ml) and thereto is added 60 % sodium hydride in oil (80 mg). The reaction solution is stirred for 15 minutes, and thereto is added 2-chloronicotinonitrile (139 mg). The reaction solution is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and thereto are added saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and water successively under ice-cooling. The precipitates are collected by filtration, washed with water and diisopropyl ether successively, and dried to give the title compound (212 mg). APCI-MS M/Z:289/291[M+H] + .
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-[(3-cyanopyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetamide (209 mg) obtained in Reference Example 30 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (3 ml), and thereto is added sodium carbonate (92 mg). The mixture is then stirred at 100°C overnight. Additional sodium carbonate (90 mg) is added to the mixture and the mixture is again stirred at 100°C overnight. After allowing to cool, ice-water is poured to the reaction solution. The precipitates are collected by filtration, dissolved in chloroform/methanol and dried over sodium sulfate.
• Pyrazine-2-carbonitrile (26.36 g) is dissolved in toluene (187 ml)/N,N-dimethylformamide (19 ml), and thereto is added dropwise sulfuryl chloride (135 g) under ice-cooling. After completion of addition, the reaction solution is warmed to room temperature gradually and stirred overnight. The toluene layer is separated and the residual red oil is extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layers are combined, cooled with ice, and after pouring thereto ice-water, neutralized by adding saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The organic layer is separated, and aqueous layer is extracted with diethyl ether.
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetamide (1.34 g) obtained in Reference Example 22 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 ml), and thereto is added 60 % sodium hydride in oil (574 mg). The reaction solution is stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, cooled again with ice, and a solution of 3-chloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile (1.0 g) obtained in Reference Example 32 in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 ml) is added. The reaction solution is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and thereto is poured water under ice-cooling, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate.
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-[(3-cyanopyrazin-2-yl)oxy]acetamide (1.90 g) obtained in Reference Example 33 is dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (20 ml), and thereto is added sodium carbonate (834 mg) and the mixture is stirred at 100°C for 3 days. After allowing to cool, the reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and water is poured to the residue. The precipitates are collected by filtration, washed with diethyl ether and dry to give the title compound (0.38 g).
• Trans-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (3.55 g) obtained in Reference Example 4 is dissolved in thionyl chloride (20 ml). The mixture is then stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue is subjected to azeotropic distillation with toluene and dissolved in chloroform (25 ml). Under ice-cooling, methyl 3-aminofuro[3,2-b]-pyridine-2-carboxylate (2.00 g) obtained in Reference Example 78 and pyridine (1.68 ml) are added in this order, and the reaction solution is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 5 hours.
• 6-Bromo-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonitrile (53.8 g) obtained in Reference Example 72(1) is dissolved in acetone (550 ml), and thereto are added benzyl bromide (35.6 ml) and potassium carbonate (43.1 g). The mixture is then heated under reflux for 4 hours. After allowing to cool, water (600 ml) is added to the reaction solution, and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer is extracted with ethyl acetate once, and combined with the previous organic layer. The solution is washed with saturated brine and dried over sodium sulfate.
• reaction solution is heated in a sealed tube at 80°C for 24 hours, and 2 mol/l dimethylamine-tetrahydrofuran solution (8.65 ml), tripotassium phosphate (1.38 g), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (79 mg) and 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl (122 mg) are added thereto, followed by heating in a sealed tube at 80°C for additional 24 hours. After allowing to cool, water is poured to the reaction solution and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with saturated brine and dried over sodium sulfate.
• di-t-butyl dicarbonate (642 mg) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (137 mg) are added to the reaction mixture and the mixture is stirred at 60°C for 15 hours.
• di-t-butyl dicarbonate 920 mg
• 4-dimethylaminopyridine 171 mg
• the mixture is heated under reflux for 10 hours.
• the reaction solution is allowed to cool, and thereto poured water, followed by extraction with chloroform.
• the organic layer is washed with saturated brine and dried over sodium sulfate.
• the solvent is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure.
• the reaction solution is stirred at 80°C for 24 hours under argon atmosphere, and thereto are added morpholine (362 ⁇ l), tripotassium phosphate (1.03 g), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (63 mg) and 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl (97 mg).
• the mixture is stirred at 80°C for 24 hours. After allowing to cool, water is poured to the reaction solution and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with saturated brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure.
• N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2- ⁇ [2-cyano-6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]oxy ⁇ acetamide (1.59 g) obtained in Reference Example 106 is suspended in t-butanol (50 ml), and thereto is added potassium t-butoxide (54 mg). The mixture is heated under reflux for 2 hours. After allowing to cool, water is poured to the reaction solution and the precipitated solid is collected by filtration. The resulting solid is washed with diethyl ether and dried to give the title compound (1.16 g).
• a substrate solution was prepared by dissolving chromogenic substrate S-2222 at the concentration of 0.625 mM (final concentration 0.5mM) in 100 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.4) containing 200 mM sodium chloride and 0.1 % bovine serum albumin, and a test compound solution was prepared by dissolving a test compound in a buffer containing 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide.
• the test compound solution 25 ⁇ l was added to the substrate solution (200 ⁇ l).
• 25 ⁇ l of the buffer containing 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide was used instead of the test compound solution.
• the compounds of the present invention showed the 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC 50 value) of less than 1 ⁇ M, and the preferred compounds among them showed the IC 50 value of less than 20 nM.
• IC 50 value 50 % inhibitory concentration
• the present compounds were revealed to have excellent inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X.
• the compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is less toxic and safe, and has an excellent inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X. Accordingly, the said compound (I) is useful as a medicament for prevention and treatment of diseases caused by thrombus or embolus.

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