EP1566082B1 - Cyclotron - Google Patents

Cyclotron Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1566082B1
EP1566082B1 EP03776680A EP03776680A EP1566082B1 EP 1566082 B1 EP1566082 B1 EP 1566082B1 EP 03776680 A EP03776680 A EP 03776680A EP 03776680 A EP03776680 A EP 03776680A EP 1566082 B1 EP1566082 B1 EP 1566082B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cyclotron
intensity
coils
poles
central axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03776680A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1566082A1 (fr
Inventor
Yves Jongen
Frédéric GENIN
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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Publication date
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Priority to EP03776680A priority Critical patent/EP1566082B1/fr
Publication of EP1566082A1 publication Critical patent/EP1566082A1/fr
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Publication of EP1566082B1 publication Critical patent/EP1566082B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/10—Arrangements for ejecting particles from orbits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cyclotron and method that allows easy and efficient adjustment of the position of a charged particle beam.
  • Cyclotrons are circular accelerators for accelerating charged particles such as positive ions (protons, deuterons, helions, alpha particles, etc.) or negative ions (H - , D - , etc.), which are used between others for the production of radioactive isotopes, for radiotherapy, or for experimental purposes.
  • positive ions protons, deuterons, helions, alpha particles, etc.
  • negative ions H - , D - , etc.
  • the first cyclotrons included a magnetic circuit which consisted simply of two symmetrical poles arranged on either side of a median plane and separated by an air gap in which the accelerated particles circulate.
  • the magnetic circuit is completed by flow returns to close said circuit and yokes serving as base plates to the poles.
  • the poles are surrounded by a pair of induction coils traversed by a current, which generates a uniform and constant magnetic field capable of confining the particles in a substantially circular path or more precisely according to a spiral-shaped trajectory in the median plane.
  • azimuthal field variation machines have been designed.
  • the poles of the electromagnet are then divided into sectors alternately having a reduced air gap and a larger air gap.
  • the azimuthal variation of the resulting field has the effect of ensuring the vertical and horizontal focusing of the beam during the acceleration.
  • the document EP-A-0222786 describes an example of a compact isochronous cyclotron.
  • the document US Patent 3868522 discloses an isochronous cyclotron using a superconducting air core magnet producing high intensity magnetic fields in which, to provide an axial focusing field, iron sectors with spiral edges act as aeroelastic poles positioned in the magnetic field so that the saturation of the iron in the sectors gives an increased field between the sectors and a slightly diminished field on the outside.
  • the document US Patent 4639634 describes a cyclotron where the vertical defocus coils are arranged along a circular path in which is disposed the target. The elongated and curved coils have the effect of destroying the vertical focus and therefore widen the beam before the impact with the target, so that the target is not damaged.
  • a large field of application for cyclotrons is the use of accelerated particles to bombard targets for the production of radioisotopes.
  • said beam of accelerated particles can be extracted from the cyclotron.
  • a known method is the "stripping" extraction method. Accelerated particles are most often negatively charged ions consisting of a nucleus and several electrons.
  • the beam In the vicinity of the periphery of the cyclotron, the beam is directed towards a thin sheet, called “stripping sheet", generally made of carbon.
  • This stripping sheet has the effect of tearing the peripheral electrons ions, changing their charge.
  • the curvature of the trajectory is then reversed, and the beam is led to the outside of the machine, by an orifice made in the flux return of the magnetic circuit.
  • Another known method of beam extraction is self-extraction, by means of a sudden radial variation of the induction field at the periphery of the cyclotron. This method is described in detail in the documents WO-A-97/14279 and WO-A-01/05199 .
  • the charged particle beam is directed to a target which contains at least one precursor element of the radioisotope to be produced.
  • the beam be directed towards the center of the target.
  • a limiting factor in the productivity of a radioisotope production facility is the ability of the target to dissipate the thermal power it receives through the beam. If said target receives a beam intensity (or current) too high, it may be damaged.
  • the irradiation intensities are limited to 40 ⁇ A, whereas cyclotrons used in nuclear medicine are capable of delivering beams with intensities of up to 80 to 100 ⁇ A. Therefore, we can not use fully the production capacity of the cyclotron in this case, mainly because we can not sufficiently cool the target.
  • two stripping sheets are disposed at the periphery of the cyclotron diametrically opposite to the central axis of the machine.
  • the beam is thus divided into two fractions substantially equal.
  • one of the targets may receive a beam intensity substantially different from that received by the other target. It can be done while one of the targets is damaged by a current too important. This situation can occur in particular when, during a long irradiation, for example several hours, certain parameters of the machine then undergo a drift, especially as a result of the gradual heating of its elements.
  • the document EP-A-1069 809 proposes the use of harmonic coils in order to make the two beams of particles coming from the same double beam installation substantially equivalent, that is to say having an equivalent intensity.
  • harmonic coils of small dimension between the poles of the electromagnet. Two coils are traversed by opposite currents that produce an increase in the magnetic field in a region of the gap, and a decrease in the magnetic field in the region of the gap diametrically opposite.
  • This solution thus makes it possible to regulate the intensity of the beams, but has the following disadvantages: in particular, the harmonic coils must be located at the level of the hills, where the gap is the narrowest.
  • FIG. 1 A third solution known and already used by the applicant is illustrated in the figure 1 .
  • the high-frequency alternating voltage applied to the acceleration electrodes (dies) is varied, the following situation is observed: if the amplitude of the high-frequency voltage applied to the dies (Vdee) is gradually increased, observe a corresponding increase in the total intensity of the beam produced by the cyclotron, which is explained by the increase of the efficiency of the ion source with this voltage.
  • the intensities reaching each of the targets oscillate around a mean value, and that for certain precise values of Vdee, where the curves intersect, the intensities are equal. It is therefore sufficient to choose the voltage Vdee equal to one of these values to equalize the intensity of the beam reaching each of the targets.
  • these two curves do not intersect never. It is then impossible to balance the currents striking the two targets by this method.
  • the present invention aims to provide a device and a method that do not have the disadvantages of devices and methods of the state of the art described above.
  • An important object of the invention is to propose a device and a method making it possible to precisely adjust the intensity of the accelerated charged particle beam extracted from a cyclotron on said target, so as to obtain at the level of said target the effect technique sought (for example, the production of a radioelement of interest from a precursor element contained in said target) and this without destruction of the target, but while making full use of the production capacity of the cyclotron.
  • the present invention aims in particular to provide a device and a method that can be used in an irradiation installation, and in particular an installation with a compact isochronous cyclotron, in which it is sought to simultaneously irradiate at least two targets, that is, ie for a dual or multiple beam irradiation facility.
  • the present invention therefore aims in particular to provide a device and a method that seek to adjust and equalize the intensity of each of the beams received by several targets simultaneously.
  • said compensation coils surround portions of the flow returns disposed diametrically opposite to the central axis of the cyclotron.
  • the current intensity of the current source is adjusted or adjusted to maximize the intensity of the beam striking the target.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the method and device for the production of radioisotopes for medical use from a target comprising a precursor of said radioisotope.
  • the method and the device are used for a double or multiple beam installation according to which the intensity of the fraction of the beam striking each of said targets is balanced.
  • the figure 1 represents the intensity of the beam striking each of the two targets of a double beam cyclotron, as a function of the high frequency alternating voltage applied to the beams.
  • the figure 2 is a view of a cyclotron according to the invention corresponding to a top view in a section in the median plane of the cyclotron.
  • the figure 3 represents a cyclotron view of the figure 2 , perspective view complementary to the view of the figure 2 .
  • the figure 4 represents a diagram of a control loop implementing the method according to the present invention.
  • the magnetic circuit consists essentially of an electromagnet in the form of two poles, an upper pole 1 (not shown in FIGS. Figs. 2 and 3 ) and a lower pole 1 ', arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane 110 perpendicular to the central axis 100 of the cyclotron.
  • These poles 1,1 ' have essentially a cylindrical shape and are separated by a gap 120.
  • the magnetic circuit is completed by flux returns 2 which close the circuit.
  • the two upper and lower poles 1 'of the electromagnet comprise (are divided into) each several sectors in order to create alternately hills, that is to say sectors where the air gap is narrow, identified by the references S1, S2, S3, S4, and valleys, that is to say sectors where the gap is important, identified by the references V1, V2, V3 V4.
  • openings 10 are located in the flux returns 2. These openings 10 may advantageously allow passage to one or more beam lines, or accommodate in their volume one or more targets that can be used simultaneously or separately.
  • a pair of solenoid coils 5,5 ' is wound around said poles 1,1'. Said pair of coils 5,5 'is called a pair of main coils “induction” and is able to generate a constant magnetic field called "main magnetic field”.
  • the cyclotron also comprises two additional coils, called “re-centering coils” or “compensation coils” 6,7.
  • These coils 6,7 surround portions of the flux returns 2 and are disposed diametrically opposite to the central axis 100.
  • These coils, which are wired in series, are supplied with direct current by a DC type 8 source. whose intensity is adjustable.
  • Each compensation coil 6.7 is thus able to locally modify the magnetic field.
  • these two compensation coils 6, 7 are arranged in such a way that, in its vicinity, one of these coils 6 increases the main field created by the main coils 5, 5 'while the other coil 7 decreases, its neighborhood, the main field created by the main coils 5,5 '.
  • the cyclotron comprises as stripping means stripping sheets (or strippers) 3,4.
  • stripping sheets or strippers
  • these sheets are made of carbon and their function is to tear the peripheral electrons out of the ions, thus changing their charge. In this case, the curvature of the trajectory of said ions is thus reversed and the particle beam is led outside the cyclotron by an opening made in the flux return element of the magnetic circuit.
  • the first sheet 3 is disposed on the bisector S of the pole, the second sheet 4 at 11 ° upstream of this first.
  • Each of these strippers 3,4 can be put into service or in the retracted position by means of a motorized device.
  • the displacement of the trajectories of the accelerated particles will have the effect of, on the one hand, increasing the fraction of the beam striking the strippers situated in the sectors S1 and S4, and on the other hand of decreasing the fraction of the beam striking the strippers situated at the level of sectors S2 and S3.
  • By reversing the direction of the current in the compensation coils 6, 7, of course we will obtain the opposite effect, namely an increase in the fraction of the beam striking the strippers located at sectors S2 and S3, and a decrease in the fraction of the beam striking the strippers located at sectors S1 and S4.
  • the Applicant has experimented with a practical solution in which the compensation coils 6, each comprising 60 turns, are fed by a source 8 of direct current capable of supplying an intensity of 20 A, which was suitable for adjusting an industrial cyclotron.
  • the figure 4 describes in detail a diagram showing a control loop of a cyclotron implementing the method according to the present invention.
  • a conventional regulator 20 of known type which can adjust the intensity of the current in the compensation coils 6,7 through the variation of the supply current of the source 8 as a function of the intensities of the beam measured by detectors 210 at the targets 200.
  • the intensity of the beam current striking each of the targets 200 is thus finely and flexibly adjusted.
  • a current in the opposite direction may be injected by the source 8 into the compensation coils 6,7 if a correction in the opposite direction is necessary. This maximizes the total intensity striking the target (s). In the case of a dual beam installation, it is thus possible to adjust the current of the compensation coils so that each of the targets receives the same beam intensity.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly simple to implement. It can easily be installed on an existing machine, without major intervention on the magnetic circuit, and without intervention inside the vacuum chamber, which is an advantage compared, for example, with the use of harmonic coils placed in the air gap of the hills as described in the state of the art.
  • the invention should not be understood as being limited to the embodiment described above, but relates to other variants and applications.
  • the invention is not limited to an application to dual beam installations, but can be applied to single or multiple beam installations, for example quadruple.
  • the invention also applies to the use of more than two re-centering coils, for example four re-centering coils, arranged at 90 °, and giving the possibility of recentering the beam in all directions or of changing the shape of the trajectories. . It can be applied to a superconducting cyclotron or a resistive cyclotron.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP03776680A 2002-11-25 2003-11-14 Cyclotron Expired - Lifetime EP1566082B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03776680A EP1566082B1 (fr) 2002-11-25 2003-11-14 Cyclotron

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02447230 2002-11-25
EP02447230 2002-11-25
PCT/BE2003/000196 WO2004049770A1 (fr) 2002-11-25 2003-11-14 Cyclotron ameliore
EP03776680A EP1566082B1 (fr) 2002-11-25 2003-11-14 Cyclotron

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1566082A1 EP1566082A1 (fr) 2005-08-24
EP1566082B1 true EP1566082B1 (fr) 2012-05-30

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US (1) US7446490B2 (es)
EP (1) EP1566082B1 (es)
JP (1) JP4653489B2 (es)
AU (1) AU2003286006A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2385709T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2004049770A1 (es)

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AU2003286006A1 (en) 2004-06-18
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JP4653489B2 (ja) 2011-03-16
US7446490B2 (en) 2008-11-04
JP2006507633A (ja) 2006-03-02
WO2004049770A1 (fr) 2004-06-10
US20060255285A1 (en) 2006-11-16

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