EP1558545B1 - Keramikartikel auf basis von aluminiumtitanat - Google Patents

Keramikartikel auf basis von aluminiumtitanat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1558545B1
EP1558545B1 EP03771615.6A EP03771615A EP1558545B1 EP 1558545 B1 EP1558545 B1 EP 1558545B1 EP 03771615 A EP03771615 A EP 03771615A EP 1558545 B1 EP1558545 B1 EP 1558545B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
tio
2sio
cells
ceramic article
porosity
Prior art date
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EP03771615.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1558545A4 (de
EP1558545A1 (de
Inventor
George H. Beall
Steven B. Ogunwumi
Dell J. St. Julien
Patrick D. Tepesch
Christopher J. Warren
Isabelle Marie Melscoet-Chauvel
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Corning Inc
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Corning Inc
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
    • C04B35/478—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on aluminium titanates
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    • C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient

Definitions

  • the instant invention relates to aluminum titanate-based ceramic articles for use in high temperature applications. Specifically the invention relates to aluminum titanate-based ceramic articles having high permeability in combination with low thermal expansion and high thermal shock resistance, and being suitable for automotive emissions control.
  • cordierite In the industry cordierite (2MgO ⁇ 2Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 5SiO 2 ) has been the cost-effective material of choice for automotive emissions control applications, such diesel exhaust aftertreatment systems, due to its combination of good thermal shock resistance, filtration efficiency, and durability under most operating conditions. However, under certain circumstances cordierite filters are susceptible to damage and have even catastrophically failed. Occasional thermal runaway occurs during uncontrolled regenerations resulting in localized cordierite melting.
  • SiC wall-flow filters have been made commercially available for diesel exhaust filtration.
  • SiC filters are costly to manufacture, and must be segmented due to an inherent high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and poor thermal shock resistance.
  • CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
  • the present invention provides such a ceramic material, and a method of making and using the same.
  • the instant invention is founded upon the discovery of aluminum titanate-based ceramic articles of high, interconnected porosity and large median pore size, further combining high permeability, and being capable of employment in high temperature applications, such as automotive emissions control, including but not limited to automotive catalytic converters, and diesel exhaust aftertreatment systems, such as diesel particulate filters.
  • Phases of aluminum titanate (Al 2 O 3 ⁇ TiO 2 ), strontium feldspar (SrO ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 2SiO 2 ), mullite (3Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 2SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), and/or glass have been observed by x-ray diffraction, and electron-probe micro-analysis in the inventive ceramic. These phases are not required to be perfectly stoichiometric, or crystalline in the final product.
  • Silica and glass additions improve strength, decrease porosity, lower thermal expansion and firing temperature, and may provide resistance of the ceramic against decomposition.
  • Alumina additions increase porosity.
  • silica additions of up to 10% by weight (based on total batch weight) and alumina additions of up to 50% by weight may be made.
  • Glass having a composition represented by 1.1SrO-1.5Al 2 O 3 -13.6SiO 2 -TiO 2 may be added in an amount of up to 50% by weight.
  • Iron titanate and/or magnesium titanate may be substituted for up to 30% by weight of the aluminum titanate phase. These substitutions improve the resistance to decomposition of the aluminum titanate phase at temperatures between 800°-1200°C.
  • the inventive ceramic article exhibits a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), as measured from room temperature to 800°-1000°C of less than 45x10 -7 /°C, preferably less than 25x10 -7 /°C, and more preferably less than 5x10 -7 /°C; a porosity of up to 60% by volume, preferably up to 55% by volume, and more preferably up to 45% by volume; and, a median pore size up to 25 micrometers, preferably up to 20 micrometers, and more preferably up to 15 micrometers; and, a modulus of rupture, as measured on a solid rod of circular cross section of greater than 400 pounds per square inch (psi), preferably greater than 700 psi.
  • CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
  • an aluminum titanate-based ceramic body comprising: (a) formulating a batch of inorganic raw materials comprising sources of silica, alumina, strontium, titania, and/or iron oxide together with organic processing comprising plasticizers, lubricants, binders, and water as solvent, and mixing to form a homogeneous and plasticized mixture; (b) shaping the plasticized mixture into a green body; (c) heating the green body at 20-40°C/hr over various temperature intervals with hold temperature and times between 1100°-1650°C, preferably 1100°-1500°C for a period of 30-50 hours to develop a fired aluminum-titanate body.
  • the substantially low sintering temperatures of between 1100°-1650°C, preferably 1100°-1500°C significantly reduce manufacturing costs, while maintaining low thermal expansion, high thermal shock resistance and high mechanical strength in the inventive ceramic.
  • a diesel particulate filter comprising the inventive ceramic.
  • the diesel particulate filter is comprised of a plugged, wall-flow honeycomb body having an inlet end and an outlet end and a multiplicity of cells extending from the inlet end to the outlet end, the cells having porous walls, wherein part of the total number of cells at the inlet end are plugged along a portion of their lengths, and the remaining part of cells that are open at the inlet end are plugged at the outlet end along a portion of their lengths, so that an engine exhaust stream passing through the cells of the honeycomb from the inlet end to the outlet end flows into the open cells, through the cell walls, and out of the structure through the open cells at the outlet end.
  • the diesel particulate filter exhibits the following properties: a CTE (RT to 800°-1000°C) of less than 15x10 -7 /°C, preferably less than 5x10 -7 /°C; a porosity of 30% to 50%, preferably 35% to 45% by volume; a median pore size of 5 to 20 micrometers, preferably 10 to 15 micrometers; and, a modulus of rupture, as measured by the four-point method on a cellular bar cut parallel to the direction of the channels from a honeycomb body having a cell density of 200 cells per square inch (cpsi) and 0.016 inch thick walls, of 150 to 400 psi, preferably 150 to 300 psi; a permeability of at least 0.20 x 10 -12 m 2 , preferably 0.33 to 1.00 x 10 -12 m 2 ; and, a pressure drop of 5 kPa or less at an artificial carbon soot loading of up to 5 g/L at a flow rate of 210
  • the inventive ceramic is highly refractory with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and increased thermal durability, making it suitable for high temperature applications, including but not limited to automotive emissions control systems. Accordingly, the thermal expansion (coefficient of thermal expansion) as measured by dilatometry over a temperature range from room temperature room temperature (RT) to 800° -1000°C, is less than 45x10 -7 /°C, preferably less than 25x10 -7 /°C, and more preferably less than 5x10 -7 /°C.
  • the low expansion of the inventive structure is a result of microcracking generated by anisotropic thermal expansion.
  • an advantage of the present inventive structure is that the thermal expansion hysteresis (i.e., the difference between heating and cooling curves) can be made very low. This ensures a high thermal shock resistance.
  • w ranges between 0.05-0.15. At both lower and higher values of w, the thermal expansion increases.
  • the inventive ceramic is particularly suitable to high interconnected porosity and large median pore size.
  • the porosity as measured by mercury porosimetry is up to 60% by volume, preferably up to 55% by volume, and more preferably up to 45% by volume.
  • the median pore size is up to 25 micrometers, preferably up to 20 micrometers, and more preferably up to 15 micrometers.
  • FIG. 3 therein provided is a comparison of the thermal expansion (CTE) (10 -7 /°C), porosity (% volume), and median pore size (MPS) (micrometers) as a function of 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.30(1.1SrO-1.5Al 2 O 3 -13.6SiO 2 -TiO 2 ) represented on the y-axis and 0 ⁇ v ⁇ 0.30(11.2SrO-10.9Al 2 O 3 -24.1SiO 2 -TiO 2 ) represented on the x-axis.
  • CTE thermal expansion
  • MPS median pore size
  • the CTE, porosity and MPS can be controlled in inventive ceramic bodies for desired applications.
  • the inventive ceramic bodies exhibit a high modulus of rupture, as measured on a solid rod of circular cross section of greater than 2.757 MPa (400 pounds per square inch (psi)), preferably greater than 4.826 MPa (700 psi).
  • a diesel particulate filter comprises a plugged, wall-flow filter body composed of ceramic having a composition comprising u (Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 ) + v (R) + w (3Al 2 O 3 -2SiO 2 ) + x (Al 2 O 3 ) + y (SiO 2 ) + z (1.1SrO-1.5Al 2 O 3 -1-13.6SiO 2 -TiO 2 ) + a (Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 ) + b (MgO-2TiO 2 ), where, R is SrO-Al 2 O 3 -2SiO 2 or 11.2SrO-10.9Al 2 O 3 -24.1 SiO 2 -TiO 2 , where u.
  • the honeycomb filter body has an inlet end and an outlet end and a multiplicity of cells extending from the inlet end to the outlet end, the cells having porous walls. Part of the total number of cells at the inlet end are plugged along a portion of their lengths, and the remaining part of cells that are open at the inlet end are plugged at the outlet end along a portion of their lengths.
  • This plugging configuration allows for engine exhaust stream passing through the cells of the honeycomb from the inlet end to the outlet end to flow into the open cells, through the cell walls, and out of the structure through the open cells at the outlet end.
  • Suitable cellular densities for diesel particulate filters range from 70 cells/in 2 (10.9 cells/cm 2 ) to 800 cells/in 2 (124 cells/cm 2 ).
  • a diesel particulate filter according to the present invention exhibits a CTE (RT to 800°-1000°C) of less than 15x10 -7 /°C, preferably less than 5x10 -7 /°C : a porosity of 30% to 50%, preferably 35% to 45% by volume; a median pore size of 5 to 20 micrometers, preferably 10 to 15 micrometers; and, a modulus of rupture, as measured by the four-point method on a cellular bar cut parallel to the direction of the channels from a honeycomb body having a cell density of 31 cells per cm 2 (200 cpsi) and 0.4064 mm (0.016 inch) thick walls, of 1.034 MPa to 2.757 MPa (150 to 400 psi), preferably 1.034 to 2.068 Mpa (150 to 300 psi); a permeability of at least 0.20 x 10 -12 m 2 , preferably 0.33 to 1.00 x 10 -12 m 2 ; and,
  • the following relates to a method of fabricating the inventive aluminum titanate-based ceramic for forming a mixture from certain inorganic powdered raw materials which include sources of silica, alumina, strontium, titania, and/or iron oxide.
  • the raw materials arc blended with together with organic processing aids that may include plasticizes, lubricants, binder, and water as solvent.
  • organic processing aids may include plasticizes, lubricants, binder, and water as solvent.
  • the mixture is then shaped into a green body, optionally dried, and fired to form the product structure.
  • a pore former such as graphite or polyethylene beads, may be optionally used to improve the porosity and median pore size.
  • a pore former is a fugitive particulate material which evaporates or undergoes vaporiration by combustion during drying or heating of the green body to obtain a desired, usually higher porosity and/or coarser median pore diameter. Large particle sizes in the raw materials are not preferred.
  • An alumina source is a powder which when heated to a sufficiently high temperature in the absence of other raw materials, yield substantially pure aluminum oxide, and includes alpha-alumina, a transition alumina such as gamma-alumina or rho-alumina, hydrated alumina, gibbsite, boehmite, aluminum hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
  • the particle size of the alumina source is up to 25 micrometers.
  • a silica source includes cristobalite, non-crystalline silica such as fused silica or sol-gel silica, silicone resin, zeolite, and diatomaceous silica, kaolin, and quartz.
  • the median particle size of the silica source is up to 30 micrometers.
  • a titania source is preferably, but not limited to, rutile.
  • the median particle size of the titania source is important to avoid entrapment of unreacted oxide by the rapidly growing nuclei in the structure. Accordingly, the median particle size is up to 20 micrometers.
  • a strontium source is strontium carbonate, with a median particle size is up to 20 micrometers.
  • Iron oxide source has a median particle size of up to 0.5 micrometers.
  • the inorganic powdered raw materials are mixed with organic processing components, such as methylcellulose binder, oleic acid/triethanol amine surfactant, to form a plasticized and homogeneous mixture.
  • organic processing components such as methylcellulose binder, oleic acid/triethanol amine surfactant
  • the plasticized mixture is shaped by any conventional means, preferably by extrusion through a honeycomb die.
  • the resulting green bodies are optionally dried, and then heated at 20-40°C/hr over various temperature intervals with hold temperature and times between 1100°-1650°C, preferably 1100°-1500°C for a period of 30-50 hours to develop the final product structure.
  • a portion of the cells of the honeycomb structure at the inlet end or face are plugged, as known in the art.
  • the plugging is only at the ends of the cells which is typically to a depth of about 1 to 20 mm, although this can vary.
  • a portion of the cells on the outlet end but not corresponding to those on the inlet end are plugged. Therefore, each cell is plugged only at one end.
  • the preferred arrangement is to have every other cell on a given face plugged in a checkered pattern.

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Claims (4)

  1. Keramikartikel mit einer Zusammensetzung, umfassend u (Al2O3-TiO2) + v (R) + w (3Al2O3-2SiO2) + x (Al2O3) + y (SiO2) + z (1,1SrO-1,5Al2O3-13,6SiO2-TiO2) + a (Fe203-Ti02) + b (MgO-2TiO2), wobei R für SrO-Al2O3-2SiO2 oder 11,2SrO-10,9Al2O3-24,1SiO2-TiO2 steht, wobei u, v, w, x, y, z, a und b für solche Gewichtsanteile jeder Komponente stehen, dass (u + v + w + x + y + z + a + b = 1) und 0,5 < u ≤ 0,95, 0, 01 < v ≤ 0,5, 0,01 < w ≤ 0,5, 0 < x ≤ 0,5, 0 < y ≤ 0,1, 0 < z ≤ 0,5, 0 < a ≤ 0,3 und 0 < b ≤ 0,3.
  2. Keramikartikel nach Anspruch 1, wobei R für SrO-Al2O3-2SiO2 steht.
  3. Keramikartikel nach Anspruch 1, wobei R für 11,2SrO-10,9Al2O3-24,1SiO2-TiO2 steht.
  4. Dieselpartikelfilter, umfassend den Keramikartikel nach Anspruch 1 und einen verschlossenen Wandstrom-Wabenfilterkörper, umfassend mehrere parallele, am Ende verschlossene Zellkanäle, die den Körper von einem frontalen Einlassende zu einem Auslassende des Körpers durchlaufen.
EP03771615.6A 2002-07-31 2003-07-10 Keramikartikel auf basis von aluminiumtitanat Expired - Lifetime EP1558545B1 (de)

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US20040092381A1 (en) 2004-05-13
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CN1323981C (zh) 2007-07-04
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