EP1554428B1 - Riemen mit integrierter überwachung - Google Patents

Riemen mit integrierter überwachung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1554428B1
EP1554428B1 EP03808834A EP03808834A EP1554428B1 EP 1554428 B1 EP1554428 B1 EP 1554428B1 EP 03808834 A EP03808834 A EP 03808834A EP 03808834 A EP03808834 A EP 03808834A EP 1554428 B1 EP1554428 B1 EP 1554428B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
belt
strand
strands
ult
indicator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03808834A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1554428A1 (de
Inventor
Roland Eichhorn
Claudio De Angelis
Karl Weinberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to EP03808834A priority Critical patent/EP1554428B1/de
Publication of EP1554428A1 publication Critical patent/EP1554428A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1554428B1 publication Critical patent/EP1554428B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/145—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising elements for indicating or detecting the rope or cable status
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/147—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising electric conductors or elements for information transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables
    • B66B7/062—Belts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/22—Flat or flat-sided ropes; Sets of ropes consisting of a series of parallel ropes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
    • D07B2201/1014—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure characterised by being laid or braided from several sub-ropes or sub-cables, e.g. hawsers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
    • D07B2201/1016—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure characterised by the use of different strands
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
    • D07B2201/2087—Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2095—Auxiliary components, e.g. electric conductors or light guides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a belt having a plurality of spaced synthetic fiber strands embedded in a belt sheath.
  • Such belts are particularly suitable for use as a suspension or propellant in an on zugsstrom.
  • Such a suspension is disclosed in DE 3934654A and is considered to be the closest prior art.
  • Running ropes are an important, heavily used machine element in conveyor technology, especially in elevators, in crane construction and in mining. Particularly complex is the stress of driven ropes, as used for example in elevator construction.
  • the car frame of a car guided in an elevator shaft and a counterweight are connected to one another via a plurality of steel strand cables.
  • the ropes pass over a traction sheave driven by a drive motor.
  • the drive torque is impressed under frictional engagement with the respective rope section resting on the traction sheave over the wrap angle.
  • the cables experience tensile, bending, compressive and torsional stresses. Depending on the situation, the resulting stresses have a negative effect on the rope condition. Due to the usually round cross-section of a steel strand cable, the cable can rotate around the wheels as it revolves and is thus subjected to bending in the most different directions.
  • High-strength synthetic fiber ropes for example made of aromatic Polyamides, especially aramids, with highly oriented molecular chains fulfill these requirements better than steel cables.
  • Ropes constructed from aramid fibers with the same cross-section and same load-bearing capacity, have only a quarter to one-fifth of the specific rope weight in comparison to conventional steel cables.
  • the aramid fiber has a much lower transverse strength in relation to the longitudinal resistance due to the rectification of the molecular chains.
  • Mainly belts are used by the automotive industry, for example as V-belts, or by the machine industry. Depending on the degree of wear such belts are steel reinforced. These are usually endless belts. Monitoring an endless belt is relatively expensive and is not used for cost reasons in the automotive sector. The automotive industry has therefore embarked on a life-cycle limitation on the belts used to ensure that a belt is replaced before it runs the risk of failure. Such a lifetime restriction is only suitable for large quantities, since the necessary preliminary investigations can be made here, and for belts that are easy to replace.
  • a toothed belt is a form-fitting, slip-free transmission medium that, for example, rotates synchronously with a traction sheave.
  • the load capacity of the teeth of the toothed belt and the number of meshing teeth determine the transmission capacity.
  • a lifetime restriction such as that imposed by the automotive industry, is less suitable for a belt to be used as a sling or propellant for an elevator.
  • the invention aims to provide a belt whose condition can be monitored.
  • a cab guided in a shaft 1 hangs on a carrying belt 3 according to the invention (carrying belt), which preferably comprises fiber bundles of aramid fibers and which runs over a traction sheave 5 connected to a drive motor 4.
  • a carrying belt 3 which preferably comprises fiber bundles of aramid fibers and which runs over a traction sheave 5 connected to a drive motor 4.
  • On the car 2 is a Riemenendtagen 6, to which the carrying strap 3 is attached with one end.
  • the other end of the support belt 3 is fastened in the same way to a counterweight 7, which is also guided in the shaft 1.
  • 1: 1 suspension which is characterized in that the inventive support strap 3 only in one Direction is curved, since it only rotates about a single traction sheave 5, without being deflected by other discs, as would be the case, for example, in a 2: 1 suspension.
  • the relatively low weight of carrying straps with plastic strands offers the advantage that in the case of elevator systems, the usual compensating straps can be dispensed with in part or entirely.
  • a compensating belt can also be provided despite the use of belts with lightweight plastic strands.
  • Such a compensating belt is then connected in a similar manner with its first end at the lower end of the car 2, from where the compensating belt leads, for example, over the shaft bottom 10 placed deflection rollers to the counterweight 7 out.
  • a monitoring system should be provided. Research has shown that monitoring the belt shroud does not provide reliable results. Cracks or fatigue of the strands, which can impart longitudinal strength to the belt, may go unnoticed when monitoring the belt jacket alone and result in a sudden failure of a belt.
  • strands reinforced with strands compared to a rope formed from strands resulting from the internal structure of the belt or the rope.
  • strands in the belt are insulated from each other in a belt sheath and therefore do not touch each other
  • strands in a rope are usually stranded such that they touch a plurality of adjacent strands.
  • jamming can occur, in particular at points of contact of adjacent strands, which is associated with a particularly high bending elongation of the strands at the contact points.
  • Corresponding jamming does not occur for the straps insulated from one another in a belt under a corresponding load of the belt.
  • monitoring a belt must be correspondingly sensitive and accurate. A solution for monitoring belts is not yet known.
  • a belt 13 according to the invention for use in an elevator installation is shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C.
  • the belt 13 comprises at least two strands 12 with twisted synthetic fiber yarns, which are for receiving power in Longitudinal are designed.
  • the strands 12 are parallel to each other and are arranged at a distance X to each other.
  • the strands 12 are embedded in a common belt casing 15.
  • At least one of the strands 12 comprises an electrically conductive indicator yarn 14 which is rotated together with the synthetic fiber yarns of the strand 12 and contains fibers (filaments) of an electrically conductive material, for example of carbon, hard metals such as tungsten carbide, boron or electrically conductive plastics.
  • the indicator-yarn yarn 14 is located outside the center of the strand 12, as seen in Figure 2C.
  • the breaking elongation ( ⁇ ult, Ind ) of the indicator yarn 14 must be smaller than the breaking elongation ( ⁇ ult, support ) of the individual Synthetic fiber yarns of the strand 12.
  • the elongation at break ⁇ ult, Ind and the elongation at break ⁇ ult, Trag are material sizes .
  • the indicator yarn 14 must be contactable to allow electrical monitoring of the integrity of the indicator yarn 14.
  • the position of the indicator yarn 24 within the braid 21 be selected so that the filaments of the indicator yarn 24 become fatigued or break earlier than a synthetic fiber strand of the braid 21.
  • the indicator yarn 24 lies on the outer periphery the strand 21, precisely on the side of the belt 23 which is subjected to the greatest bending load, as shown in FIG Hatching shown. This ensures that the indicator yarn 24 always experiences a bending load which is at least as great as the greatest bending load of a synthetic fiber yarn of the strand 21.
  • the synthetic fiber yarns are schematically indicated in FIG. 3A as circles with a white circumference. In an arrangement according to FIG.
  • FIG. 3B Another belt 33 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3B.
  • the indicator yarn 34 is inside the strand 31 on a side seen from the strand center, which lies in the direction of the side of the belt 33 which is subjected to the greatest bending load, as shown in Figure 3B with reference to the hatching.
  • the five hatched synthetic fiber strands experience a bending load that is greater than or equal to the bending load experienced by the indicator yarn 34.
  • the strands 31 are embedded in a belt casing 35.
  • the elongation at break ⁇ ult Ind of the indicator yarn 34 must be one Factor A is smaller than the breaking elongation ⁇ ult , carrying the individual synthetic fiber yarns of the strand 31, wherein the factor A depends inter alia on the position of the indicator yarn 34 within the strand 31.
  • A has the following condition: 0.2 ⁇ A ⁇ 0.9, and preferably 0.3 ⁇ A ⁇ 0.85.
  • the factor 0.88 in the inequality is an empirical value determined in such a way that the behavior of the indicator yarn allows with reasonable certainty conclusions about the fracture behavior of the synthetic fiber yarns.
  • the above inequality is only valid if the indicator yarn is not in the center of the strand and consequently the effect of the bending strains is dominant for the fracture behavior of the indicator yarn.
  • the fracture behavior of the indicator yarn is determined less by the belt's flexing strain than by the tensile load.
  • the load of a yarn in a straight there are conditions for the indicator yarn at a load of the belt, the load of a yarn in a straight, only By train loaded belt or in a straight, only loaded by train rope correspond.
  • there is sufficient sensitivity of the indicator yarn when the inequality ⁇ ult . Ind ⁇ ult . support ⁇ 0.88 is satisfied.
  • the limit value 0.88 is determined empirically in order to allow reliable conclusions to be drawn regarding damage to the synthetic fiber yarns.
  • aramid synthetic fiber yarns can be used in the present invention.
  • Aramid has a high alternating bending strength and a high specific elongation at break ⁇ ult, Trag .
  • the strands of the belt may have opposite directions of rotation.
  • carbon fibers have proved to be particularly suitable as filaments for the indicator yarn, since they are brittle (ie small elongation at break ⁇ ult, Ind ) as aramid and because they are electrically conductive and also inexpensive to produce.
  • the belt casing comprises a plastic material.
  • plastic materials are particularly suitable as belt sheath: rubber, neoprene rubber, polyurethane, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride or polyamide.
  • the belt casing may have a dumbbell-shaped, cylindrical, oval, concave, rectangular or wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4 as a schematic cross section.
  • the belt 43 comprises a total of four parallel strands 41.
  • Each strand 41 comprises a plurality of synthetic fiber yarns and one indicator yarn 44, which are twisted together.
  • the indicator yarns 44 in each strand 41 extend helically along the longitudinal direction of the belt 43.
  • the indicator yarns 44 viewed from left to right, are approximately at 12 o'clock, 1 o'clock, 9 o'clock and 4 o'clock. Cutting the same belt 43 at a different location would result in a different image as far as the location of the indicator yarns 44 is concerned.
  • the invention can be applied to all belts having synthetic fiber strands for reinforcement.
  • Examples are: flat belts, poly V belts, V-ribbed belts 53 (as shown, for example, in FIG. 5), or (trapezoidal) toothed belts 63 (as shown, for example, in FIG. 6).
  • a V-ribbed belt 53 according to the invention has a whole number of parallel strands 51 which are embedded in a belt casing 55.
  • a trapezoidal toothed belt 63 according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 6, has a number of parallel strands 61 which are embedded in a belt casing 65.
  • a synthetic fiber strand may comprise a plurality of indicator yarns.
  • the belt has a plurality of parallel strands.
  • a first strand comprises a first indicator yarn having a first elongation at break ⁇ ult, Ind1 .
  • a second strand comprises a second indicator yarn having a second elongation at break ⁇ ult, Ind2 . If the following condition ⁇ ult, Ind 2 > ⁇ ult, ind 1 holds , then the first carbon fiber responds first, since this first carbon fiber is more sensitive.
  • a predetermined reaction can be triggered in this case. For example, a service call may be issued, or elevator operation may be restricted. Failure of the second carbon fiber, so for example, the elevator operation can be completely adjusted.
  • a number of strands may also contain one indicator yarn each having the same elongation at break ⁇ ult, Ind , and the increase in the number of strands which has failed serves as the triggering criterion for a suitable reaction.
  • an indicator circuit can be used which metrologically determines whether the properties of a carbon fiber have changed, or whether a carbon fiber has been interrupted.
  • the carbon fibers of two fiber bundles may be conductively connected to one another at one end of the belt.
  • the indicator circuit may include, for example, one or more comparators and one or more analog-to-digital converters have that connect to the usually digitally executed elevator control.
  • the invention enables a reliable and early detection of fatigue and fractures of the fiber bundles, which impart the carrying strength to a belt.
  • Such a belt can be replaced in time.

Landscapes

  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Slot Machines And Peripheral Devices (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Control Of Conveyors (AREA)
  • Purses, Travelling Bags, Baskets, Or Suitcases (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
EP03808834A 2002-10-17 2003-10-10 Riemen mit integrierter überwachung Expired - Lifetime EP1554428B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03808834A EP1554428B1 (de) 2002-10-17 2003-10-10 Riemen mit integrierter überwachung

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02405891 2002-10-17
EP02405891 2002-10-17
EP03808834A EP1554428B1 (de) 2002-10-17 2003-10-10 Riemen mit integrierter überwachung
PCT/IB2003/004482 WO2004035913A1 (de) 2002-10-17 2003-10-10 Riemen mit integrierter überwachung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1554428A1 EP1554428A1 (de) 2005-07-20
EP1554428B1 true EP1554428B1 (de) 2007-03-21

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03808834A Expired - Lifetime EP1554428B1 (de) 2002-10-17 2003-10-10 Riemen mit integrierter überwachung

Country Status (19)

Country Link
US (1) US7326139B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1554428B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2006508004A (zh)
KR (1) KR101128313B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100580176C (zh)
AT (1) ATE357554T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003264823B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR0315360B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2500437C (zh)
DE (1) DE50306867D1 (zh)
DK (1) DK1554428T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2285258T3 (zh)
HK (1) HK1080914A1 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA05004030A (zh)
MY (1) MY134592A (zh)
NO (1) NO325262B1 (zh)
NZ (1) NZ539247A (zh)
PT (1) PT1554428E (zh)
WO (1) WO2004035913A1 (zh)

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CN108861954A (zh) * 2017-05-11 2018-11-23 蒂森克虏伯电梯（上海）有限公司 用于电梯的曳引带及包括该曳引带的电梯
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CN107905009B (zh) * 2017-12-01 2019-09-06 桐乡市易知简能信息技术有限公司 一种非对称显示拉力的绳索
CN107941403B (zh) * 2017-12-03 2019-10-01 桐乡市易知简能信息技术有限公司 一种可指示拉力的绳索的制备方法
FR3081992B1 (fr) * 2018-06-04 2021-07-02 Conseil & Technique Procede d'avertissement d'un risque de rupture ou de deformation d'une piece en materiau composite, et piece obtenue
EP3803315A1 (fr) * 2018-06-04 2021-04-14 Conseil et Technique Procédé d'avertissement d'un risque de rupture ou de déformation d'une pièce en matériau composite, et pièce obtenue
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR0315360A (pt) 2005-08-23
KR20050055768A (ko) 2005-06-13
CA2500437C (en) 2011-03-01
WO2004035913A1 (de) 2004-04-29
NZ539247A (en) 2007-01-26
ATE357554T1 (de) 2007-04-15
HK1080914A1 (en) 2006-05-04
EP1554428A1 (de) 2005-07-20
CN100580176C (zh) 2010-01-13
ES2285258T3 (es) 2007-11-16
JP2006508004A (ja) 2006-03-09
NO20052371L (no) 2005-05-13
AU2003264823A1 (en) 2004-05-04
US20050245338A1 (en) 2005-11-03
DK1554428T3 (da) 2007-06-18
AU2003264823B2 (en) 2009-12-03
MY134592A (en) 2007-12-31
BR0315360B1 (pt) 2013-09-03
NO325262B1 (no) 2008-03-17
CN1705789A (zh) 2005-12-07
CA2500437A1 (en) 2004-04-29
PT1554428E (pt) 2007-05-31
KR101128313B1 (ko) 2012-03-23
US7326139B2 (en) 2008-02-05
MXPA05004030A (es) 2005-06-08
DE50306867D1 (de) 2007-05-03

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