EP1543170B1 - Verfahren zum schnellen abkühlen von werkstücken durch konvektiver und strahlungs-übertragung - Google Patents

Verfahren zum schnellen abkühlen von werkstücken durch konvektiver und strahlungs-übertragung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1543170B1
EP1543170B1 EP03712227A EP03712227A EP1543170B1 EP 1543170 B1 EP1543170 B1 EP 1543170B1 EP 03712227 A EP03712227 A EP 03712227A EP 03712227 A EP03712227 A EP 03712227A EP 1543170 B1 EP1543170 B1 EP 1543170B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
gas
cooling gas
heat transfer
mixtures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03712227A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1543170A1 (de
EP1543170B8 (de
Inventor
Didier Domergue
Florent Chaffotte
Aymeric Goldsteinas
Laurent Pelissier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Etudes et Constructions Mecaniques SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
Etudes et Constructions Mecaniques SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Air Liquide SA, Etudes et Constructions Mecaniques SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
    • C21D2241/01—Treatments in a special environment under pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the heat treatment of metals and more particularly to the gaseous quenching operation of steel parts having previously undergone a heat treatment (such heating before quenching, annealing, tempering) or thermochemical (such cementation, carbonitriding) .
  • a heat treatment such heating before quenching, annealing, tempering
  • thermochemical such cementation, carbonitriding
  • gas quenching is generally accomplished by circulating pressurized gas in a closed circuit between a charge and a cooling circuit.
  • gas quenching plants generally operate at pressures between four and twenty times the atmospheric pressure (4 to 20 bar or 4000 to 20000 hectopascals). To designate the pressure, the bar will be used in this description as unit, it being understood that a bar is equal to 1000 hPa.
  • FIG. 1 very schematically represents an example of a gas quenching installation.
  • This installation 1 contains a charge 2 to be cooled arranged in a sealed enclosure 3.
  • the charge is typically surrounded by deflection plates 4 to guide the flow of gas.
  • a gas inlet 5 makes it possible to introduce under pressure a desired gaseous mixture, it being understood that it is possible, for example, to introduce the cooling gases in the form of a pre-formed mixture or that several separate gas inlets can be provided. to separately introduce various cooling gases. It is commonly provided vacuum access of the enclosure (not shown).
  • a turbine 6 actuated by a motor 7 makes it possible to ensure the circulation of the gases, for example by passing from a cooling circuit 9 to the charge to be cooled 2.
  • the cooling circuit 9 is commonly constituted of pipes in which a fluid circulates cooling.
  • Figure 1 The installation of Figure 1 has been represented as an example of one of many possible and existing structures to ensure the circulation of a gas of cooling in an enclosure.
  • the pressure is of the order of 4 to 20 bar during the cooling phase. Numerous variations are possible with regard to the arrangement of the charge, the direction of circulation of the gases and the mode of circulation of these gases.
  • the most commonly used gas for cooling is nitrogen since it is an inert and inexpensive gas.
  • its density is well suited to simple installations with blowers or turbines and its heat transfer coefficient is sufficiently satisfactory.
  • the descent in temperature must be as fast as possible for the steel to be processed satisfactorily from the austenitic phase to the martensitic phase without going through pearlitic and / or bainitic phases.
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a quenching process using a cooling gas which is thermally more effective than nitrogen but which is inexpensive and easy to use, making it possible to cool the most demanding materials. .
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a cooling method using a gas compatible with existing installations currently operating with nitrogen (and therefore not requiring any significant modification of the installation).
  • the present invention provides, in a method of rapidly cooling metal parts using a pressurized cooling gas, the use of a cooling gas which comprises one or more gases absorbing the gas. infrared radiation according to claim 1 below.
  • the invention also relates to the use in a rapid cooling installation of metal parts using a pressurized cooling gas, a cooling gas comprising 20 to 80% of a gas absorbing radiation below and from 80 to 20% hydrogen or helium or mixtures thereof, as claimed in claim 11 below.
  • an infra-red radiation absorbing gas or a mixture based on such infra-red radiation absorbing gases such as dioxide. of carbon (CO 2 )
  • additive gas one or more gases having a good ability to convective heat transfer selected from helium or hydrogen.
  • Such a mixture has the advantage over conventional gas or quench gas mixtures using infrared-transparent gases, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium, to absorb heat at low temperatures. both by convective and radiative phenomena, thus increasing the global heat flux extracted from a charge to be cooled.
  • infrared-transparent gases such as nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium
  • a complementary gas such as nitrogen
  • a simple carrier gas envisaged both as a simple carrier gas and in a more active role allowing, as will be seen later, to optimize properties of the gas mixture such as density, thermal conductivity, viscosity etc.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B it is proposed to use certain gas mixtures as defined above, which moreover have better coefficients of convective heat transfer (k H ) in Watt per square meter and per Kelvin that each of the gases taken separately.
  • k H coefficients of convective heat transfer
  • the composition of the cooling gas will be adjusted so as to "optimize" the convective transfer coefficient with respect to the transfer coefficients. convective of each of the components of the cooling gas taken individually.
  • a mixture of absorbent gas (and optionally additive gas), possibly with the addition of additional gases under optimized density conditions.
  • additional gases such as can be quenched in quenching plants usually provided and optimized to operate in the presence of nitrogen.
  • carbon dioxide is mixed with helium, taken as an additive gas, so as to combine an optimization of the convective heat transfer coefficient and an average density of the mixture which is of the same order of magnitude as that of the nitrogen.
  • Existing installations can then be used with comparable ventilation speeds and powers and the existing ventilation and gas deflection structures, without having to make any significant changes to the installation.
  • FIG. 2A represents, for pressures of 5, 10 and 20 bar, the coefficient of convective heat transfer k H of a mixture of CO 2 and helium, for various proportions of CO 2 in the mixture.
  • the abscissas give the ratio between the concentration of CO 2 , c (CO 2 ), and the total concentration of CO 2 and He, c (CO 2 + He).
  • the convective heat transfer coefficient has a maximum for CO 2 concentration values of between approximately 40 and 70%, in this case approximately 650 W / m 2 / K at 20 bar for a concentration. about 60%.
  • the mixture has not only the advantage of having a density close to that of nitrogen but in addition to having a convective thermal transfer coefficient higher than that of pure CO 2 .
  • Figure 2B shows similar curves for mixtures of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ). It can be seen that there is a maximum of the convective heat transfer coefficient k H for CO 2 concentration values between about 30 to 50%, in this case about 850 W / m 2 / K at 20 bars for a concentration of about 40%. In addition, it is noted that the convective heat transfer coefficient k H is better for a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen than for a mixture of CO 2 and helium.
  • Another advantage of using such a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is that, under the usual quenching conditions of steel parts, endothermic chemical reactions occur between the CO 2 and the hydrogen, which further contributes to the rapidity of cooling.
  • endothermic chemical reactions occur between the CO 2 and the hydrogen, which further contributes to the rapidity of cooling.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the result of calculations simulating convective transfer cooling of a steel cylinder with various cooling gases in the case of the flow of the mixture parallel to the length of the cylinders (cylinders simulating the case of elongate parts).
  • Curves for pure nitrogen (N 2 ), 60% CO 2 and 40% helium for pure hydrogen, and 40% CO 2 and 60 are shown. % hydrogen. It is found that it is this last mixture that gives the best results, that is to say the fastest cooling rate between 850 and 500 ° C.
  • the improvement of the quenching rate is of the order of 20% relative to the hydrogen alone and of the order of 100% relative to the nitrogen alone.
  • the present invention is capable of various variants and modifications which will appear to those skilled in the art, in particular as regards the choice of gases, the optimization of the proportions of each gas, it being understood that the If desired, it is possible to use ternary mixtures such as CO 2 -H e -H 2 and possibly other gases, referred to as higher complementary gases, may be added.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zum schnellen Abkühlen von Metallteilen mit Hilfe eines unter Druck stehenden Kühlgases, wobei in dem Verfahren die folgenden Maßnahmen umgesetzt werden:
    - das Kühlgas umfasst einen Gehalt an einem oder mehreren Gasen von zwischen 5 Volumenprozent und 80 Volumenprozent, vorzugsweise zwischen 20 Volumenprozent und 80 Volumenprozent, das bzw. die Infrarotstrahlung absorbiert bzw. absorbieren und aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist bzw. sind, die von gesättigten oder ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen, CO2, CO, H2O, NH3, NO, N2O, NO2 und deren Gemischen gebildet wird, so dass die Wärmeübertragung zu dem Teil verbessert wird, indem die Phänomene der Strahlungs- und Konvektionsübertragung vereinigt werden, und so dass der Konvektionsübertragungskoeffizient in Bezug auf herkömmliche Kühlbedingungen unter Stickstoff verbessert wird;
    - das Kühlgas umfasst ebenfalls ein Zusatzgas, das eine gute Eignung zur Konvektionswärmeübertragung aufweist und unter Helium oder Wasserstoff oder deren Gemischen ausgewählt ist;
    wobei die Zusammensetzung des Kühlgases ebenfalls so eingestellt ist, dass eine mittlere Dichte des so gebildeten Kühlgases erhalten wird, die in der Nähe der jenigen von Stickstoff liegt.
  2. Kühlverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kühlgas außerdem ein zusätzliches Gas umfasst.
  3. Kühlverfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung des Kühlgases ebenfalls so eingestellt ist, dass der Konvektionsübertragungskoeffizient in Bezug auf die Konvektionsübertragungskoeffizienten jedes der einzeln genommenen Bestandteile des Kühlgases verbessert wird.
  4. Kühlverfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlvorgang in einer Kammer durchgeführt wird, in der die zu behandelnden Teile angeordnet sind und die mit einem System zur Agitation von Gas versehen ist, und dadurch, dass die Einstellung ermöglicht, eine mittlere Dichte des so gebildeten Kühlgases zu erhalten, die in der Nähe der jenigen von Stickstoff liegt, was ermöglicht, eine mittlere Dichte des so gebildeten Kühlgases zu erhalten, die an das Agitationssystem der Kammer angepasst wird, ohne dass es erforderlich ist, bedeutende Modifikationen vorzunehmen.
  5. Kühlverfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung des Kühlgases ebenfalls so eingestellt ist, dass während der Phase der Kühlung der Teile endotherme chemische Reaktionen zwischen dem oder einem der absorbierenden Gase und einem anderen der Bestandteile des Kühlgases entstehen können.
  6. Kühlverfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Gas, das Infrarotstrahlung absorbiert, um CO2 handelt.
  7. Kühlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gas, das Infrarotstrahlung absorbiert, aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die von gesättigten oder ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen, CO, H2O, NH3, NO, N2O, NO2 und deren Gemischen gebildet wird.
  8. Kühlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Kühlgas um ein Zweistoffgemisch CO2-He handelt, dessen CO2-Gehalt zwischen 30 und 80 % liegt.
  9. Kühlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Kühlgas um ein Zweistoffgemisch CO2-H2 handelt, dessen CO2-Gehalt zwischen 30 und 60 % liegt.
  10. Kühlverfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Arbeitsgang der Rückführung des Kühlgases nach Gebrauch ausgeführt wird, der dazu geeignet ist, das Gas vor einer späteren Verwendung erneut zu verdichten und gegebenenfalls ebenfalls zu trennen und/oder zu reinigen, um auf diese Weise alle oder einen Teil der Bestandteile des Kühlgases zurückzugewinnen.
  11. Verwendung in einer Anlage zum schnellen Abkühlen von Metallteilen mit Hilfe eines unter Druck stehenden Kühlgases, wobei die Anlage mit einem System zur Agitation eines Kühlgases versehen ist, wobei das Kühlgas 20 bis 80 % eines Gases, das Infrarotstrahlung absorbiert und aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die von gesättigten oder ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen, CO2, CO, H2O, NH3, NO, N2O, NO2 und deren Gemischen gebildet wird, und 80 bis 20 % Wasserstoff oder Helium oder von deren Gemischen umfasst, wobei die Zusammensetzung des Kühlgases darauf eingestellt ist, eine mittlere Dichte des so gebildeten Kühlgases zu erhalten, die in der Nähe der jenigen von Stickstoff liegt, was somit ermöglicht, eine mittlere Dichte des so gebildeten Kühlgases zu erhalten, die an das Agitationssystem angepasst wird, so dass es nicht erforderlich ist, bedeutende Modifikationen an der Anlage vorzunehmen.
EP03712227A 2002-09-20 2003-01-09 Verfahren zum schnellen abkühlen von werkstücken durch konvektiver und strahlungs-übertragung Expired - Lifetime EP1543170B8 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0211680 2002-09-20
FR0211680A FR2844809B1 (fr) 2002-09-20 2002-09-20 Procede de refroidissement rapide de pieces par transfert convectif et radiatif
PCT/FR2003/000053 WO2004027098A1 (fr) 2002-09-20 2003-01-09 Procede de refroidissement rapide de pieces par transfert convectif et radiatif

Publications (3)

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EP1543170A1 EP1543170A1 (de) 2005-06-22
EP1543170B1 true EP1543170B1 (de) 2007-12-05
EP1543170B8 EP1543170B8 (de) 2008-04-23

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EP03712227A Expired - Lifetime EP1543170B8 (de) 2002-09-20 2003-01-09 Verfahren zum schnellen abkühlen von werkstücken durch konvektiver und strahlungs-übertragung

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US (1) US20060048868A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1543170B8 (de)
JP (1) JP4490270B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100953818B1 (de)
CN (1) CN100567516C (de)
AT (1) ATE380256T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003216799A1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0314597B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2498929C (de)
DE (1) DE60317912T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2297138T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2844809B1 (de)
MX (1) MXPA05002716A (de)
WO (1) WO2004027098A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004054627A1 (de) * 2004-11-11 2006-05-18 Linde Ag Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von langen Gegenständen
FR2890979B1 (fr) * 2005-09-16 2007-11-02 Air Liquide Methode pour se premunir de la formation de monoxyde de carbone lors d'une operation de trempe gazeuse
DE102006012985A1 (de) * 2006-03-21 2007-10-11 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Abkühlen von Werkstücken
CN107275251B (zh) * 2016-04-08 2020-10-16 上海新昇半导体科技有限公司 降低预抽腔体中芯片温度的方法及芯片降温装置
US11802715B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2023-10-31 Synhelion Sa Method for transferring the heat contained in a gas, and heat exchanger for this purpose
KR102080934B1 (ko) 2018-04-18 2020-02-24 (주)알룩스메뉴펙처링 알루미늄 합금 실린더블록 및 실린더헤드의 급속 에어냉각장치
CH715527A2 (de) * 2018-11-08 2020-05-15 Eni Spa Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Receivers und Receiver zur Ausführung des Verfahrens.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5173124A (en) * 1990-06-18 1992-12-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Rapid gas quenching process
DE4208485C2 (de) * 1992-03-17 1997-09-04 Wuenning Joachim Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken metallischer Werkstücke
SE504320C2 (sv) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-13 Aga Ab Förfarande och anläggning för behandling av komponenter med en gasblandning
FR2746112B1 (fr) * 1996-03-13 1998-06-05 Procede de traitement thermique en continu de bandes metalliques dans des atmospheres de nature differente
DE19709957A1 (de) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-17 Linde Ag Verfahren zur Gasabschreckung metallischer Werkstücke nach Wärmebehandlungen
DE19920297A1 (de) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Linde Tech Gase Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke
DE59903032D1 (de) * 1999-09-24 2002-11-14 Ipsen Int Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke
GB0029281D0 (en) * 2000-11-30 2001-01-17 Boc Group Plc Quenching Method & Apparatus
US20020104589A1 (en) * 2000-12-04 2002-08-08 Van Den Sype Jaak Process and apparatus for high pressure gas quenching in an atmospheric furnace

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Publication number Publication date
JP4490270B2 (ja) 2010-06-23
CN1681947A (zh) 2005-10-12
DE60317912T2 (de) 2008-06-12
MXPA05002716A (es) 2005-11-17
BRPI0314597B1 (pt) 2015-06-09
KR100953818B1 (ko) 2010-04-21
KR20050084565A (ko) 2005-08-26
EP1543170A1 (de) 2005-06-22
ATE380256T1 (de) 2007-12-15
WO2004027098A1 (fr) 2004-04-01
AU2003216799A1 (en) 2004-04-08
DE60317912D1 (de) 2008-01-17
US20060048868A1 (en) 2006-03-09
FR2844809A1 (fr) 2004-03-26
CA2498929A1 (fr) 2004-04-01
WO2004027098A8 (fr) 2005-09-29
CA2498929C (fr) 2011-04-19
AU2003216799A8 (en) 2004-04-08
FR2844809B1 (fr) 2007-06-29
BR0314597A (pt) 2005-08-09
CN100567516C (zh) 2009-12-09
EP1543170B8 (de) 2008-04-23
ES2297138T3 (es) 2008-05-01
JP2005539142A (ja) 2005-12-22

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