Classifications

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  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M157/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a nitrogen-containing compound
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
  • C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
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  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
  • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
  • C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/14—Containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bounds, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/20—Containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
  • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to additive mixtures which contain as component A at least one additive with detergent action and as component B at least one partially or completely neutralized fatty acid. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of these additive mixtures for the additivation of fuel and lubricant compositions as well as fuel and lubricant compositions and concentrates which contain this additive mixture.
• lubricity improvers such as fatty acid mixtures, their esters, amides or salts, are generally added to the fuel.
• Detergents are also added to the fuels, which contain fuel-related coke deposits in the area of the injection nozzles and holes, which, among other things, are used in direct-injection high-performance systems.
• systems such as "co mon rail”, “pump nozzle” or “pump line nozzle” should impair the optimal formation of a finely divided fuel mist and thereby lead to increased fuel consumption and emissions.
• additive compositions described therein contain an ash-free burning N-acylated compound and a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid ester and are said to improve the lubricity.
• WO-A-01/38463 describes the use of fatty acid salts of alkoxylated oligoamines as lubricity improvers for mineral oil products.
• a disadvantage of the additives or additive mixtures described in the prior art is that relatively high metering rates are required to achieve a lubricity-improving effect.
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide additive mixtures which effectively improve the lubricity of fuel and lubricant compositions, even at lower metering rates.
• the present invention accordingly relates to an additive mixture comprising
• component A at least one additive with detergent action, which has at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical 'with a number average molecular weight (M n ) of 85 to 20,000 and at least one polar head group, and
• component B at least one partially or completely neutralized fatty acid.
• the polar head group of component A is preferably selected from
• reactive ie with predominantly terminal double bonds - mostly in the ⁇ and ⁇ position
• conventional ie with predominantly central double bonds
• polybutene or polyisobutene with M N 300 to 5,000
• 35 -propellant additives on the basis of reactive polyisobutene which s from the polyisobutene containing up to 20 wt .-% of n-butene units can contain, by hydroformylation and reductive amination with ammonia, monoamine 'or polyamines such as Dirnethylaminopropylamin, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetrahedral
• ethylene pentamine can be produced are known in particular from EP-A 244 616. If one starts out from the production of additives from polybutene or polyisobutene with predominantly central double bonds (mostly in the ⁇ and ⁇ position), the production route by chlorination and subsequent amine
• additives containing monoamino groups (a) are the compounds obtainable from polyisobutene epoxides by reaction with amines and subsequent dehydration and reduction of the amino alcohols, as described in particular in DE-A 196 20 262, to which reference is hereby made in full. 0
• WO-A 96/03479 are described, to which reference is hereby made in full. These reaction products are generally mixtures of pure nitropolyisobutenes (for example ⁇ , ⁇ -dinitro "" polyisobutene) and mixed hydroxynitropolyisobutenes (for example ⁇ -nitro- ⁇ -hydroxypolyisobutene).
• Additives containing polyoxy-C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene groupings (d) are preferably polyethers or polyetheramines which are obtained by reacting C 2 - to C ⁇ o-alkanols, C 6 - to C 3 o-alkanediols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkylamines, -C-C 3 o-alkylcyclohexanols or C- L -Cso-alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of the polyetheramines, by subsequent reductive A-discrimination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines available are.
• Additives containing carboxylic acid ester groups (e) are preferably esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, in particular those with a minimum viscosity of 2 mm 2 at 100 ° C., as are described in particular in DE-A 38 38 918, to which reference is hereby made in full.
• Aliphatic or aromatic acids can be used as mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids, and long-chain representatives with, for example, 6 to 24 carbon atoms are particularly suitable as ester alcohols or polyols.
• esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of iso-octanol, iso-nonanol, iso-decanol and iso-tridecanol.
• Such products also have carrier oil properties.
• Additives containing groups (f) produced by conventional Mannich reaction of phenolic hydroxyl groups with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and primary mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine or dimethyl - - aminopropylamine.
• polyisobutene Mannich bases are described in particular in EP-A 831 141, to which reference is hereby made in full.
• Groups derived from carboxylic anhydrides and containing hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups are preferably corresponding derivatives of dicarboxylic anhydrides, particularly preferably succinic anhydride.
• groups derived from car-" bonsä ⁇ reanhydriden ... "does not necessarily mean that the carboxylic acid anhydrides must actually be used.
• such groups can also by the implementation of other carboxylic acid derivatives, the possess the required activity, for example carboxylic acid halides, or also by the reaction of the carboxylic acid itself, if suitable activation measures are taken become.
• carboxylic anhydrides are particularly suitable derivatives for the conversion into the groups mentioned.
• the polar group 5 of component A is particularly preferably a group derived from carboxylic anhydrides with hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups (g), in particular with amido and / or imido groups, i , H. around N-acyl groupings.
• Component A is preferably an ash-free burning acylated nitrogen compound (N-acyl compound) with a polar grouping (g).
• component A can also contain one or more further compounds which are suitable for combining hydrophobic hydrocarbon radicals with the above-mentioned polar groupings (a ) to (f). 20
• the hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue of component A is preferably a homo- or copolymer residue, the repeating units of which are derived from monomers selected from propene, n-butene and isobutene and mixtures thereof.
• the homo- or copolymer residue is particularly preferably a polyisobutene residue.
• the homo- or copolymer residue stands for a residue which differs from so-called "reactive" poly-
• Reactive polyisobutenes differ from low-reactivity in that they have at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 60 mol% and particularly preferably at least
• Uniform polymer structures have, in particular, those polyisobutenes which are composed of at least 85% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight and particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, of isobutene units.
• Such reactive preferably
• polyisobutenes have a number average molecular weight in the range from 200 to 20,000.
• Reactive polyisobutenes are particularly suitable for the production of fuel additives. have an average molecular weight in the range from 300 to 3,000, particularly preferably 400 to 2,500 and very particularly preferably 500 to 1,500, e.g. Example a number average molecular weight of about 550, about 800, about 1000 or about 2 300 ..
• Suitable for manufacturing, 5 position of lubricant additives are particularly reactive polyisobutenes which have a number average molecular weight in the range 1000 to 15,000, particularly preferably 1,300 to 12500 and most preferably 2000 to 10,000, e.g. B. a number average molecular weight of about 1500, about 2000 or about
• the reactive polyisobutenes preferably have a polydispersity of less than 3.0, in particular less than 1.9 and particularly preferably less than 1.7 or less than 1.5.
• Polydispersity is the quotient of the weight-average molecular weight M w divided by the number-average
• Other number average molecular weights can be adjusted in a manner known in principle by mixing polyisobutenes of different number average molecular weights or by extractive enrichment of polyisobutenes of certain molecular weight ranges. 5
• Component A is preferably an ash-free burning N-acyl compound which is derived from a polar group (g) substituted by a homo- or copolymer residue.
• Preferred polar groups (g) and preferred hydrophobic hydrocarbon radicals are those mentioned above.
• the ash-free burning acyl compound is particularly preferably an N-acyl compound derived from polyalkenylsuccinic anhydrides and especially from polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides.
• N-acyl compounds, 5 which can be obtained by reacting the anhydride with aliphatic polyamines, such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylene pentamine.
• Such N-acyl compounds are described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,849,572, to which reference is hereby made in full. 0
• Other polyalkenyl 5-succinic anhydrides can be prepared analogously.
• the ash-free burning acylated nitrogen compound with polar grouping (g) can be obtained, for example, by reacting a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue or a carboxylic acid derivative substituted with a hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue with an amine which has at least one NH or NH 2 group , A carboxylic anhydride is preferably reacted.
• the carboxylic acid or the carboxylic acid derivative is particularly preferably a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid derivative, preferably a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, in particular a succinic acid or a succinic acid derivative, preferably a succinic anhydride.
• Polyalkenylsuccinic acids or polyalkenylsuccinic acid derivatives are preferred, preferably polyalkenylsuccinic acid anhydrides, especially polyisobutenylsuccinic acid anhydride.
• dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives in particular dicarboxylic acid anhydrides
• amines can result in product mixtures which comprise dicarboxylic acid monoamides, dicarboxylic acid diamides, ammonium salts of dicarboxylic acid monoamides, dicarboxylic acid monoamide monoesters, amidines and dicarboxylic acid monoamide.
• component acylation products and mixtures thereof are suitable as component A.
• dicarboximides in particular dicarboxylic monoimides, are preferred.
• Suitable amines for the reaction with the carboxylic acid or the carboxylic acid derivative are both monoamines, i.e. H. Amines with only one amino function in the molecule, as well as polyamines, i.e. H. those with at least two amino functions in the molecule are suitable.
• Suitable monoamines are both primary and secondary aliphatic amines with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylain, octylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine, N-methylcyclohexylamine, N- Ethylcyclohexylamine, piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
• amine mixtures which are commercially available, such as fatty amines, as are described, for example, in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th edition, 2000 electronic release, chapter "Amines, aliphatic", which is hereby incorporated in full reference is made.
• polyamines are preferably used. Suitable polyamines are, for example, those of the formula NR 1 R 2 R 3 , in which at least one of the radicals R 1 , R 2 or R 3 represents a radical of the following formulas II, III or IV
• R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 11 each independently represent H or Ci-Cg-alkyl, 15
• R 9 and R 10 each independently represent H, Ci-C ß- alkyl or Ci-Cg-hydroxyalkyl,
• x and z each independently represent a number from 1 to 8, preferably 20 for 2 to 4 and in particular for 2 and
• y represents a number from 0 to 8.
• R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 11 each independently represent preferably 25 for H or methyl.
• radicals R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which do not represent a radical of the formula II, III or IV are preferably H, Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -hydroxyalkyl or C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, where at least one of the radicals R 1 , R 2 and R 3 must stand for H.
• C 1 -C 6 alkyl is in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n -Butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pen- 35 tyl or hexyl.
• Ci-Cg-hydroxyalkyl stands in particular for the above-mentioned Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl radicals which are substituted by a hydroxy " group.
• R 1 and R 2 are particularly preferably H and R 3 is a radical of the formula II in which R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are H.
• Suitable polyamines are, for example, ethylenediamine, diethylene-45 triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, propylene diamine, dipropylenetriamine, tripropylenetetramine, tetrapropylene pentamine, pentapropylene hexamine, butylene diamine, dibu tylene triamine, tributylene tetramine, tetrabutylene pentamine, pentabutylene hexamine N, N-dimethylmethylene diamine, N, -diethylmethylene diamine,, N-dipropylmethylene diamine, N, N-dimethylethylene-1,2-diamine, N, N-diethylethylene-1, 2- diamine, N, N-dipropylethylene-1,2-diamine, N, N-dimethylpropylene-1,3-diamine, N, N-diethylpropylene
• N-acyl compounds are known to the person skilled in the art.
• a particularly suitable process for the preparation of polyalkenylsuccinimides is described in German patent application DE-A-10123553.4, to which reference is hereby made in full.
• a polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride is reacted first with an alcohol or a phenol and then with an amine.
• the polyalkenyl succinic anhydride is reacted with the amine in the presence of an alcohol or a phenol.
• Alcohols suitable for the preparation of polyalkenylsuccinimides are preferably monohydric; however, polyhydric alcohols are also suitable.
• Monohydric alcohols with 1 to 16 carbon atoms are preferably used, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, 2-hydroxymethylfuran, amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, vinyl carbinol, cyclohexanol, n-hexanol, 6-caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-decanol, lauryl alcohol, isooctyl alcohol and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred alcohols are those with 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
• 2-Ethylhexanol is particularly preferred.
• Suitable phenols include phenol, naphthol, (o, p) alkylphenols and salicylic acid.
• German patent application DE-A-10123553.4 describes the preparation of a polyolefin-substituted carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof by reacting a polyalkene with a monounsaturated acid or its derivative, the polyalkylene forming in an en reaction attaches the double bond of the acid component.
• Component B is preferably a fatty acid partially or completely neutralized with amines.
• Component B particularly preferably comprises at least one fatty acid salt of the formula I.
• R is C -C 23 alkyl or mono- or polyunsaturated
• Ci-Cs-alkylene represents Ci-Cs-alkylene, C 3 -Cs-cycloalkylene or C 6 -C ⁇ 2 -arylene or C -C 2 o-arylalkylene;
• n a number from 0 to 5;
• x 1 , x 2 , x 3 and x 4 each independently represent a number from 0 to 24-, where at least 'one x does not stand for 0,
• the longer-chain radical R occurring in the carboxylate anion RC00 or in the fatty acid RCOOH denotes, for example, branched or preferably linear C to C 23 , preferably Cn to C 2 ,, especially C 15 to Cig alkyl groups, which can also carry hydroxyl groups.
• Examples of the underlying carboxylic acids are octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tridecanoic acid, iso-tri-decanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid and sticinoic acid.
• the acids mentioned can be of natural or synthetic origin. Mixtures of the acids mentioned can also form the basis of the carboxylate anions.
• the occurring in the carboxylate anion or RCOO- in the fatty acid RCOOH relatively long-R designates preferably mono- or polyunsaturated C - to C 23 radicals, in particular mono- or polyunsaturated C 2 to C n ⁇ -, in all C 15 - to cig alkenyl groups, which can additionally carry hydroxyl groups.
• These unsaturated residues are preferably linear.
• polyunsaturated alkenyl groups these preferably contain two or three double bonds.
• Examples of underlying carboxylic acids are elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Particularly good results are achieved with oleic acid. Mixtures of such unsaturated carboxylic acids with one another and also with the above-mentioned saturated ones can also be used
• Carboxylic acids underlie the carboxylate anions. Such mixtures are, for example, tall oil, tall oil fatty acid and rapeseed oil fatty acid.
• the unsaturated carboxylic acids and the mixtures mentioned are generally of natural origin.
• the alkylene group A in compounds of the formula I is preferably derived from corresponding alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, 1, 2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide and ice or trans-2,3-butylene oxide. However, it can also represent 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,6-hexylene or 1,8-octylene. A can also represent a mixture of different of the groupings mentioned. A, ethylene, 1,2-propylene or 1,2-butylene groups are particularly preferred. -
• variable Z means in particular Ci to C 4 alkylene groupings such as methylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,3-butylene or 2,3-butylene, C 5 to C 6 cycloalkylene groupings such as 1,3-cyclopentylidene or 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexylidene or C 6 - to C 8 -arylene or -arylalkylene groups such as 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene, 2-methyl-1 , 4-phenylene or 1,3- or 1,4-bismethylene phenylene.
• Ci to C 4 alkylene groupings such as methylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,3-butylene or 2,3-butylene, C 5 to C 6 cycloalkylene groupings such as 1,3-cyclopentylidene or 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexylidene or C 6 - to C 8 -arylene or -arylalkylene
• variable m stands for 0, as a rule, depending on the sum ( ⁇ ) of all variables x 1 , x 2 and x 3 , mixtures of mono-, di- and / or trialkanolamines or pure trialkanolamines are the fatty acid salts used according to the invention as a cationic component.
• alkanolamines are monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine and the associated mixtures.
• variable m preferably stands for the number 1 or 2.
• m 1 there are completely and / or partially alkoxylated alkylenediamines such as 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine or 1,4-butylenediamine.
• dialkylenetriamines such as di- (1,2-ethylene) -triamine, di- (1,3-propylene) -triamine or di- (1,4-butylene) -triamine
• triple alkoxylation per NH bond [300% of (m + 3)] is a preferred upper limit with regard to the properties of the resulting fatty acid salts.
• an average 50% alkoxylation [50% of (m + 3)] is a corresponding preferred lower limit; in this connection then mostly mixtures of species with different degrees of alkoxylation are present.
• the sum ( ⁇ ) of all variables x has a value of 75% to 125% of (m + 3).
• the fatty acid salts of the general formula I can usually be prepared easily by alkoxylation of the underlying amines by customary methods and subsequent neutralization with the fatty acids of the formula RCOOH.
• the alkoxylation is expediently used for introducing the first alkylene oxide unit into the NH bond in the presence of small amounts of water (usually 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the Amount of amine used) without catalyst at temperatures from 80 to 140 ° C and for the introduction of further alkylene oxide units with the exclusion of water in the presence of basic catalysts such as alkali metal hydroxides, eg. As sodium or potassium hydroxide, carried out at temperatures from 100 to 150 ° C.
• basic catalysts such as alkali metal hydroxides, eg. As sodium or potassium hydroxide, carried out at temperatures from 100 to 150 ° C.
• the neutralization is generally carried out by heating the alkoxylated amine thus obtained with the corresponding stoichiometric or slightly sub-stoichiometric amount (ie 90 to 100%, in particular 95 to 100% of theory) of fatty acid to temperatures of 30 to 100 ° C., in particular 40 to 80 ° C, for a period of 15 minutes to 10 hours, especially 30 minutes to 5 hours.
• the neutralization reaction should be carried out so that no carboxylic ester components are formed in the product.
• both the alkoxylated amine and the fatty acid can be used as liquids, which makes the conversion to the corresponding fatty acid salt particularly simple.
• the order of combining alkoxylated amine and fatty acid is not critical, i.e. one can either add the alkoxylated amine and add the fatty acid or add the fatty acid and add the alkoxylated amine.
• the molar ratio of component A to component B in the additive mixture is preferably 1:10 to 10: 1, particularly preferably 1: 6 to 6: 1 and in particular 1: 4 to 4: 1.
• Another object of the present invention is the use of the additive mixture described above for the additive of fuel and lubricant compositions.
• Suitable fuels are petrol and middle distillates, such as diesel fuel, heating oil or kerosene, with diesel fuel being preferred.
• Diesel fuels are, for example, petroleum refines, which usually have a boiling range from 100 to
• the additive mixture according to the invention is particularly preferred for the additization of diesel fuels with a low sulfur content, ie with a sulfur content of less than 0.05% by weight, preferably less than 0.02% by weight, in particular less than 0.005% by weight and "used fei.” especially of less than 0.001 wt .-% sulfur '. ... 0
• the additive mixture according to the invention is particularly preferably used to reduce the combustion-related coke deposits in the area of the injection system of diesel engines with and without direct fuel injection, preferably of diesel engines with 5 direct fuel injection.
• An additive mixture according to the invention also for encryption is preferably "'ring réelle the corrosive effect of a fuel fact.-
• Another object of the present invention is
• Fuel composition comprising a main amount of a hydrocarbon fuel and an effective amount of the additive mixture according to the invention and optionally at least one further additive.
• the additive mixture according to the invention is preferably present in the fuel in an amount of 1 to 1000 ppm by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 500 ppm by weight and in particular 50 to 250 ppm by weight, based on the total amount. of the additive fuel.
• Another object of the present invention is a lubricant composition containing an effective amount of an additive mixture according to the invention, a lubricant and optionally at least one further additive.
• the invention also relates to an additive concentrate containing the additive mixture according to the invention, at least one solvent or diluent and, if appropriate, at least one further additive.
• Suitable diluents are, for example, fractions obtained in petroleum processing, such as kerosene, naphtha or brightstock. Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols are also suitable. In the case of middle distillers, particularly preferred diluents used in diesel fuels, naphtha, kerosene, diesel fuels, aromatic hydrocarbons such as heavy solvent naphtha, Solves- so ® or Shellsol ® and mixtures of these solvents and diluents.
• the additive mixture according to the invention is preferably present in the concentrates in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 70% by weight and in particular 20 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the concentrate, in front. -
• Suitable additives which can be contained in the fuel or concentrate according to the invention in addition to the additive mixtures according to the invention, in particular for diesel fuels, include detergents, corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, demulsifiers, antifoams ("antifoam”), antioxidants, metal deactivators, multifunctional stabilizers , Cetane number improvers, combustion improvers, dyes, markers, solubilizers, antistatic agents, other " customary lubricity improvers, additives that improve the cold properties, such as flow improvers (" MDFI "), paraffin dispersants (“ WASA ”) and the combination of the latter two additives ( "WAFIs").
• MDFI flow improvers
• WASA paraffin dispersants
• the usual lubricity improvers include, for example, carboxylic acids, especially fatty acids, their esters, especially with polyols, mixtures of these acids and esters, ash-free burning N-acyl compounds, such as polyalkenylsuccinic acid amides, mixtures of the aforementioned acids and / or esters with these N-acyl compounds, as described for example in WO 96/23855, bis (hydroxyalkyl) fatty amines or hydroxyacetamides.
• carboxylic acids especially fatty acids, their esters, especially with polyols, mixtures of these acids and esters
• N-acyl compounds such as polyalkenylsuccinic acid amides, mixtures of the aforementioned acids and / or esters with these N-acyl compounds, as described for example in WO 96/23855, bis (hydroxyalkyl) fatty amines or hydroxyacetamides.
• Suitable flow improvers include, for example, oil-soluble polar nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium salts and / or amides of mono- or polycarboxylic acids or sulfonic acids and their mixtures with copolymers of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid esters and optionally comb polymers, as described in WO 95/33805 ,
• synergistically effective combination of components A and B in the additive mixture according to the invention leads to a significant improvement in the lubricity of fuels additized with it and to a significant reduction in the corrosion effect of fuels and the nozzle coking in comparison to additives of the prior art.
• Diesel fuel according to DIN EN 590 with a sulfur content of 15 ppm (ULSD): Diesel II - Diesel fuel according to DIN EN 590 with a sulfur content of 4 ppm (MK1): Diesel III
• Blend I Blend II
• Blend II - Gas to Liquid fuel GTL
• Blend III Blend III
• detergent I and lubricity I In addition to the combinations according to the invention of detergent I and lubricity I, commercially available detergents based on polyisobutene succinimide with the name detergent II and customary lubricity improvers on the basis of acid with the name Lubricity II or ester-based with the name Lubricity III were used and their Performance compared with the combinations of detergent I and lubricity I according to the invention.
• the corrosion behavior of the above unadditized base fuels and fuel blends was tested in steel finger tests in accordance with ASTM D 665 A in distilled water and ASTM D 665 B in synthetic salt water and compared with the corrosion behavior observed when using the additive fuels and fuel blends.
• the additive fuels or blends were obtained by adding the above combinations of 80 mg / kg detergent I-II and 120 mg / kg of the lubricity improvers Lubricity I-III.
• the evaluation of the test results was carried out in accordance with NACE TM-01-72
• the lubricity of the unadditized basic fuels and fuel blends was tested in HFRR tests in accordance with ASTM D 6079-99 and compared with the lubricity observed when using the additive fuels and fuel blends.
• the additive fuels or blends were obtained by adding the above combinations of 80 mg / kg detergent I and 120 mg / kg ! Lubricity improver Lubricity I obtained.
• the following table shows the determined WS1.4 [ ⁇ m], which represents the size of the wear scar.

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• 2002
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